CN1319278C - Turbo product code serial cascade NR code channel coding method - Google Patents
Turbo product code serial cascade NR code channel coding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1319278C CN1319278C CNB2004100061707A CN200410006170A CN1319278C CN 1319278 C CN1319278 C CN 1319278C CN B2004100061707 A CNB2004100061707 A CN B2004100061707A CN 200410006170 A CN200410006170 A CN 200410006170A CN 1319278 C CN1319278 C CN 1319278C
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a channel encoding method combining a Turbo product code and a Nordstrom-Robinson code (for short an NR code). The serial cascade connection of TPC (M2, M1, N2 and N1) and NR(16, 8 and 6) is adopted. An information bit stream of the serial data of a TPC encoder is input according to a bit as a unit, and the information bit stream enters a TPC encoding matrix in a line-by-line mode. The output serial bit stream is carried out with NR(16, 8 and 6) encoding again by a two-dimensional TPC encoding output matrix block formed by expanding Hamming encoding. A bit interleaving device is added between the TPC and the NR encoding, and the capacity of anti-burst error of a system is further enhanced. The method of the present invention can correct errors by a personal encoding and decoding process, and simultaneously, can also provide reliable soft decision information for an equalizer. The performance of the equalizer is enhanced, and therefore, the carrier to noise ratio threshold of the system is further reduced.
Description
Technical field the invention belongs to digital signal transmission field, particularly a kind of channel coding method in conjunction with Turbo product code (being called for short the TPC sign indicating number) and Nordstrom-Robinson sign indicating number (being called for short the NR sign indicating number) in the digital data transmission.
Background technology terrestrial wireless transmission channel is a very complicated transmission channel, and no matter fixing reception is still moved receives, and all faces serious multipath and disturbs and other decline factor affecting.So signal the error code phenomenon will occur inevitably through after the Channel Transmission.Before recovering image, these error codes that may occur must be corrected and come, the channel Error-correcting Encoding and Decoding is exactly one of very effective means.Chnnel coding is actually by adding the supplementary of certain redundant information as transmission, and antagonism channel fading and other disturb, and guarantee the reliable transmission of data.
Chnnel coding is a technological core of reflection system error correcting capability, and code efficiency and error correcting capability are the unified contradictions of a pair of needs.According to the needs of different operation business, select corresponding data bit rate, and provide corresponding chnnel coding protection this Business Stream.Because operation is professional different, corresponding transmission code rate difference, corresponding channel fading situation also has nothing in common with each other: require high such as the fixing transmission code rate that receives business of HD video, but the fixing channel fading that receives does not change in time, therefore can select code efficiency height, error-correcting performance to require lower channel coding method relatively; And the transmission code rate of the mobile reception business of corresponding SD video or data is not high, but the channel very severe under the mobile reception condition, and change rapidly with the place in time, therefore can select code efficiency lower, the channel coding method that error correcting capability is strong.
1993, C.Berrou has proposed classical " Turbo code ", i.e. PCCC: sub-encoder for convolution codes and pseudo random interleaver by two parallel cascades constituted, and had adopted the iterative decoding structure and at the MAP decoding algorithm of sub-convolution code.PCCC is the Turbo code of first kind of appearance, and its structure is the revolution of field of channel coding, and has promoted the birth and maturation of other a series of Turbo codes.
Turbo code is the most effective channel error correction encoding up to now: transmission reliability is improved; Transmission rate is improved; Has good error performance: very near Shannon circle (Shannon).Existing a large amount of investment, manpowers just promoting Turbo code and is being used widely in various systems.For the abominable wireless system of communication environments, adopt Turbo code can improve the performance of system in future to the full extent.Turbo code has been widely used in the various broadband data communications application scenario from wired to wireless at present, and comprising: cellular mobile communication has been chosen as among the WCDMA/cdma2000, as the chnnel coding standard of transmitting multimedia service; Wideband satellite communication; Digital television broadcasting DVB-RCT and DVB-RCS; WLAN (wireless local area network) (IEEE 802.11); Broadband wireless access (IEEE 802.16); And other is as the visit of data storage media device and wire line MODEM (Cab1eModem), DSL etc.
Turbo product code (being called for short the TPC sign indicating number) is the product code that adopts soft inputting and soft output (SISO) iterative decoding, is a kind of development of traditional Turbo code technology (PCCC).Compare with PCCC, the TPC sign indicating number can such as R＞2/3, still keep great error correcting capability under higher code efficiency situation, help improving the availability of frequency spectrum; Better anti fading performance can be provided, and the error code flat bed effect of improving bit error rate one signal to noise ratio (BER-SNR) performance curve that can be bigger, these performances all are better than traditional Turbo code, and traditional convolutional encoding, comprise the TCM coding.
Owing to compare with traditional Turbo code, TPC has lower error code flat bed, is more suitable in spectral efficient, high data rate communication occasion.May use and comprise WLAN (wireless local area network) (IEEE 802.11), broadband wireless access (IEEE 802.16), wideband satellite communication and 3G
+, 4G mobile communication system etc.
(n, k m) are a kind of very effective coding to convolution code, because k and n are very little usually, are particularly suitable for transmitting with series form, and time delay is little.Different with block code, the code element of the n behind the convolution coding is not only individual information-related with the k of present segment, and also relevant with the N-1 segment information of front, inter-related code element number is nN in the cataloged procedure.Employing is a kind of probabilistic decoding method of the best based on a kind of maximum-likelihood decoding algorithm-viterbi algorithm (viterbi) on the net figure basis of sign indicating number.In the communications field, widely used.The existing U.S., Japan and European digital TV ground transmission standard all adopt the convolution code of different code checks to carry out the ISN coding.
Nordstrom-Robinson sign indicating number (being called for short the NR sign indicating number) is a kind of non-linear block code of highly effective.The code check of NR (16,8,6) code word is 1/2, and smallest hamming distance is 6 (greater than the convolution code (2,1,2) of same-code efficient, free distance is 5), can correct 2 mistakes.It constitute multiple mode, the normal employing is its a kind of system form.NR (16,8,6) sign indicating number has correlation properties preferably, each code word in the code word set and 256 code words carry out having 1 maximal correlation to export 16 in 256 relevant outputs that sync correlation produces, the relevant output-16 of 1 minimum has 30 relevantly to be output as 0, and other correlations are+4 or-4.Can use associated translation at receiving terminal, and the confidence level unanimity of each bit.Simulation result shows that NR (16,8,6) has lower Eb/No thresholding than convolution code (2,1,2), enters the waterfall district sooner.
For single-carrier system, channel coding/decoding not only carries out error correction by the volume process of separating of self, also combines with equalizer simultaneously, for equalizer provides more reliable soft decision information, improves the performance of equalizer, thereby further reduces the carrier-to-noise ratio thresholding of system.Therefore, when selecting coding, single-carrier system also needs to consider characteristics---more reliable soft decision information: 1: bigger Hamming distance with the equalizer combination; 2: lower carrier-to-noise ratio (Eb/No) thresholding; 3: for equalizer provides confidence level uniform authentic communication.Though each tool advantage of above-mentioned various coding method all can not satisfy this requirement separately well.
Summary of the invention the objective of the invention is to propose a kind of channel coding method in conjunction with Turbo product code and NR sign indicating number.This method is fully excavated two kinds of coupling advantages between the coding to obtain stronger error correcting capability, can further reduce the carrier-to-noise ratio thresholding of transmission system.
Turbo product code coding among the present invention is such: the serial data message bit stream of input is a unit by bit, enters the TPC encoder matrix line by line, every capable M
1Bit, N altogether
1OK, form a N
1Row M
1Input data information bit matrix (the N of row
1* M
1); Form N through the expansion hamming code then
2Row M
2Two-dimentional TPC (the N of row
2* M
2) coding output matrix piece.
NR sign indicating number among the present invention adopts NR (16,8, the 6) sign indicating number with better correlation properties.Each code word in the code word set and 256 code words carry out having in 256 relevant outputs that sync correlation produces that 16,1 minimums of 1 maximal correlation output are relevant exports-16, have 30 to be correlated with and to be output as 0, and other correlations are+4 or-4.
In the channel coding method of the present invention's design, Turbo product code TPC (M
2, M
1N
2, N
1) and NR (16,8,6) sign indicating number in conjunction with the mode that adopts serially concatenated, that is:
The serial data message bit stream of input is a unit by bit, enters the TPC encoder matrix line by line, every capable M
1Bit, N altogether
1OK, form a N
1Row M
1Input data information bit matrix (the N of row
1* M
1); Form N through the expansion hamming code then
2Row M
2Two-dimentional TPC (the N of row
2* M
2) coding output matrix piece.Can at first vertically expand hamming code (N by row
2, N
1), and then laterally expand hamming code (M line by line
2, M
1); Also can at first laterally expand hamming code (M line by line
2, M
1), and then vertically expand hamming code (N by row
2, N
1).Carry out NR (16,8,6) coding again from the serial bit stream of TPC encoder output.
Consider the ability of further raising antiburst error, between TPC and NR coding, can increase Bit Interleave and handle.Bit Interleave can carry out between K two-dimentional TPC encoding block, and K is taken as 1,4,8,16,32 or 64.Interweave when output, (1～K) exports 1 Bit data on the same position of each TPC piece successively, and the data in each TPC piece press the diagonal order and exported according to the order of TPC piece.The serial bit stream of output carries out NR (16,8,6) coding again after interweaving.
In addition, it is also conceivable that increasing symbol interleaving after the NR coding handles.
The present invention proposes a kind of new chnnel coding combination.TPC sign indicating number and NR coding all belong to block code, and it is realized in conjunction with being easy to.The TPC sign indicating number combines and can improve the performance of equalizer, thereby further reduce the carrier-to-noise ratio thresholding of system for the receiving terminal equalizer provides more reliable soft decision information with the NR coding, is specially adapted to single carrier transmitting system.Between TPC and NR coding, add interleaving treatment, further the ability of raising system antiburst error.
Further describe the present invention below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Description of drawings Fig. 1 is the serially concatenated mode of TPC coding of the present invention with the NR coding.
The TPC (128,120 that Fig. 2 adopts for the embodiment of the invention; 128,120) coding.
Embodiment Fig. 1 has provided TPC (M of the present invention
2, M
1N
2, N
1) and the implementation of the combination of NR (16,8,6) sign indicating number, wherein M
2=N
2=128, M
1=N
1=120.
The serial data message bit stream of input TPC encoder is a unit by bit, enters the TPC encoder matrix line by line, every row 120 bits, and totally 120 row form the input data information bit matrix (120*120) that one 120 row 120 is listed as, referring to Fig. 2.At first vertically expand hamming code (128,120) by row (120 row) then, (128 row) expands hamming code (128,120) more laterally line by line, forms TPC (128*128) the coding output matrix piece of two dimension at last.
This TPC encoder is supported multiple extended hamming code or expansion BCH code simultaneously.Table 1 has been listed the Hamming code supported or the generator polynomial of BCH code.Extended hamming code or expansion BCH code are exactly on the basis of Hamming code or BCH code, increase by a bit parity again and deliver for a check the position.This odd even is delivered for a check the position and whole codeword is carried out odd even is delivered for a check.
Table 1 code word and generator polynomial
| n | k | Generator polynomial |
| 7 | 4 | X 3+X+1 |
| 15 | 11 | X 4+X+1 |
| 31 | 26 | X 5+X 2+1 |
| 63 | 57 | X 6+X+1 |
| 127 | 120 | X 7+X 3+1 |
| 15 | 7 | X 8+X 7+X 6+X 4+1 |
| 31 | 21 | X 10＋X 7+X 6＋X+1 |
| 63 | 51 | X 12+X 10+X 8+X 5+X 4+X 3+1 |
| 127 | 113 | X 14+X 9+X 8+X 6+X 5+X 4+X 2+X+1 |
The TPC encoder provides 9 kinds of possible sign indicating number types to row or column, and 81 kinds of possible product code word also promptly are provided.
Carry out NR (16,8,6) coding again from the serial bit stream of TPC encoder output.What the present invention used is a kind of system form of NR coding, and long 16 bits of each code word have 256 code words.The NR of supposing the system form (16,8,6) code word is { X
0, X
1..., X
7, Y
0, Y
1... Y
7, X wherein
0, X
1..., X
7Be 8 information bits, Y
0, Y
1..., Y
7Be 8 bit check bits.Each check digit Y is the Boolean function of information bit X.Computational methods are as follows:
Y
0=X
7_ X
6_ X
0_ X
1_ X
3_ (X
0_ X
4) (X
1_ X
2_ X
3_ X
5) _ (X
1_ X
2) (X
3_ X
5), wherein _ representing that mould two adds, all X and Y are 0,1 values.Remaining Y
i(i=1 ..., 6) can pass through the X in the formula
0To X
6Cyclic shift obtains, X
7Remain unchanged, promptly for Y
iWith the X in the formula
jReplace with X
(i+j) mod7, i=0 wherein ..., 6 and j=0 ..., 6.
Last bit check position Y7 carries out parity check: Y
7=X
0_ X
1_ ... _ X
7_ Y
0_ Y
1_ ... _ Y
6
In order further to improve the ability of antiburst error, between TPC and NR coding, can also increase interblock bit diagonal interleaving treatment.Interweave and carry out between K two-dimentional TPC encoding block, K is taken as 1,4,8,16,32 or 64.Interweave when output, (1～K) exports 1 Bit data on the same position of each TPC piece successively, and the data in each TPC piece press the diagonal order and exported according to the order of TPC piece.Getting 8 with K is example, when interweaving output, according to the order (1～8) of TPC piece, export (0,0) of the 1st piece successively, (0,0) of the 2nd piece, ... up to (0 of the 8th piece, 0), exports (1,1) of the 1st piece then, (1 of the 2nd piece, 1), ... until (1,1) of the 8th piece ..., export (127,127) of the 1st piece then, (127,127) of the 2nd piece, ... up to (127 of the 8th piece, 127), export (0,1) of the 1st TPC piece then, (0 of the 2nd TPC piece, 1), ... up to (0 of the 8th piece, 1), exports (1,2) of the 1st TPC piece then, (1 of the 2nd TPC piece, 2), ... up to (1 of the 8th piece, 2) ..., export (127 of the 1st TPC piece then, 0), (127 of the 2nd TPC piece, 0), ... until (127,0) of the 8th piece ..., export (127 of the 1st TPC piece at last, 126), (127,126) of the 2nd TPC piece, ... until (127,126) of the 8th piece.
The serial bit stream of output carries out NR (16,8,6) coding again after interweaving.
The output of NR (16,8,6) coding can be carried out the interblock symbol interleaving of J NR coding IOB again, and J can be 0,1,2,4,8,16,32,64 or 128.
The embodiment of the invention is with M
2=N
2=128, M
1=N
1=120 are illustrated for example.But the present invention obviously also is applicable to the serially concatenated that other TPC codings and NR (16,8,6) encode.
Claims (2)
1. the channel coding method of a Turbo product code serially concatenated NR sign indicating number is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) the serial data message bit stream of input TPC encoder is a unit by bit, enters the TPC encoder matrix line by line, every capable M
1Bit, N altogether
1OK, form a N
1Row M
1The input data information bit matrix of row; Form N through the expansion hamming code then
2Row M
2Two-dimentional TPC (the N of row
2* M
2) coding output matrix piece, M
2=N
2=128; M
1=N
1=120;
(2) carry out Bit Interleave between K two-dimentional TPC encoding block, K is taken as 1,4,8,16,32 or 64;
Interweave when output, (1～K) exports 1 Bit data on the same position of each TPC piece successively, and the data in each TPC piece press the diagonal order and exported according to the order of TPC piece;
The serial bit stream of output carries out NR (16,8,6) coding again after interweaving;
(3) serial bit stream from the output of TPC encoder carries out NR (16,8,6) coding again;
The TPC encoder is supported the generator polynomial of following Hamming code or BCH code:
2. channel coding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: after the NR coding, also carry out the interblock symbol interleaving and handle; Interleave depth is a J NR coding output block, and the actual value of J is 1,2,4,8,16,32,64 or 128.
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| US7477169B2 (en) * | 2007-02-26 | 2009-01-13 | Ati Technologies Ulc | Robust control/delineation in serial streams |
| CN101621299B (en) * | 2008-07-04 | 2013-01-30 | 华为技术有限公司 | Burst correcting method, equipment and device |
| CN101807969B (en) * | 2009-02-13 | 2012-09-19 | 上海摩波彼克半导体有限公司 | Method for realizing GSM wireless channel coding in wireless communication system |
| CN102223204B (en) * | 2011-06-02 | 2013-06-26 | 西安电子科技大学 | Code modulation method based on complete response CPM (continuous phase modulation) and Turbo product code |
| CN103618584A (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2014-03-05 | 张涛 | Coding and decoding method and coding and decoding system of power line communication channel |
| CN112332867B (en) * | 2020-10-09 | 2022-11-22 | 暨南大学 | Coding method of space coupling serial cascade code based on check sequence recoding |
| CN116488662B (en) * | 2023-06-21 | 2023-10-03 | 电子科技大学 | F-LDPC code check matrix weight compression method based on linear transformation |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1175012A2 (en) * | 2000-07-19 | 2002-01-23 | TRW Inc. | Method and apparatus for error correction decoding a nordstrom-robinson encoded data stream |
| WO2003092206A1 (en) * | 2002-04-26 | 2003-11-06 | Linkair Communications, Inc. | A coding method and device for cascading the turbo product and space-time trellis code (sttc) |
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2004
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1175012A2 (en) * | 2000-07-19 | 2002-01-23 | TRW Inc. | Method and apparatus for error correction decoding a nordstrom-robinson encoded data stream |
| WO2003092206A1 (en) * | 2002-04-26 | 2003-11-06 | Linkair Communications, Inc. | A coding method and device for cascading the turbo product and space-time trellis code (sttc) |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 告诉通信系统中TURBO乘积码的研究 李宗旺，徐友云，宋文涛，罗汉文，通信技术，第11卷第8期 2001 * |
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