CN1316936C - Idiopathy open-angle glaucoma grating-induced eye motion fremitus intermittent display checking apparatus - Google Patents
Idiopathy open-angle glaucoma grating-induced eye motion fremitus intermittent display checking apparatus Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to primary open-angle glaucoma detection equipment for inducing optomotor fremitus by an intermittently displayed grating, which comprises a main control computer, a short afterglow display device using the main control computer as a center, a printer and an eye motion measuring and sampling device. Besides, a functional module for generating intermittent displayed grating stimulating patterns, a functional module for eye motion measurement and signal acquisition, a functional module for data processing and output, and an IDG-OKN eye motion database are established in the computer. The present invention stimulates a detected eye with a woundless pattern by the intermittent displayed grating, and the nystagmus response induced by the intermittent displayed grating is used for judging whether a detected person suffers from eye diseases. The present invention can detect pathological changes of visual nerve maxicell characteristics caused by the primary open-angle glaucoma, and can overcome the limitation existing in the existing glaucoma detection equipment for intraocular pressure and visual fields.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of glaucoma checkout gear, more particularly, is a kind of device that detects the primary open angle glaucoma optic nerve injury.
Background technology
Glaucoma is the general name of one group of clinical common optic nerve injury oculopathy, and according to clinical statistics, it has become the second largest diseases causing blindness after cataract, therefore, glaucomatous diagnosis and state of an illness monitoring is just seemed very important.Particularly primary open angle glaucoma (Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma is called for short POAG) is a class the most common in the glaucoma, but its pathogenic process is slow, and early stage being difficult for diagnosed, and regular meeting causes patient's blinding.
But the at present clinical key instrument that is used for the glaucoma detection is tonometer and perimeter, and all there is defective in they.
1. tonometer (Tonometer)
The ultimate principle that tonometer is measured intra-ocular pressure power (intraocular pressure) is that the pressure that tonometer produces is pressed on the eyeball, causes eyeball distortion to a certain degree.Size that utilization is exerted pressure and the relation between the eyeball deformation extent are extrapolated intraocular pressure.Mainly contain indentation tonometers, planishing type tonometer and non-contact tonometer three classes.
(1) indentation tonometers (Indentation tonometer)
Indentation tonometers is counted representative with the Schiotz intraocular pressure, and its principle is to make the eyeball distortion and extrapolate intraocular pressure at the pressure that eyeball is applied 16.5g.But the deformation of eyeball also not exclusively is decided by institute's applied pressure and intraocular pressure, also be decided by the hardness of wall of eyeball, and the hardness of wall of eyeball varies with each individual, thereby the result differs greatly in the crowd;
(2) planishing type tonometer (Applanation tonometer)
The planishing type tonometer is representative with the Goldmann applanation tonometer.Its principle is to put on eyeball with a hardboard face, produces a plane that is driven plain, and calculates intraocular pressure by flattening area with the relation that applies strength.Its advantage is that the intraocular pressure value of surveying is subjected to the variation of wall of eyeball hardness to influence little; Shortcoming is the corneal edema, the corneal opacity and anterior corneal surface injustice person, and it is unreliable to measure numerical value;
(3) non-contact tonometer (Noncontact tonometer)
Its design principle of non-contact tonometer is the air pulse that utilizes a branch of pressure controlled, and gas pulses is ejected into the surface of cornea central authorities, makes corneal distortion.Up to this deformation energy make have the reflected light of sufficient intensity to enter observer after reflection from the incident light of a side till, with the gained date processing, can get intraocular pressure numerical value.Its advantage is that tonometer does not contact eyeball, and is simple to operate; Shortcoming is to high astigmatism, the corneal opacity, and the keratoplasty latter should not adopt, and the intraocular pressure accuracy is reaching bigger greater than the 40mmHg time error less than 8mmHg.
As mentioned above, though tonometer can more accurately reflect the variation of intraocular pressure, its result can only help out to the diagnosis glaucoma, and individual energy is as judging glaucomatous standard.This be because, on the one hand, have patient's intraocular pressure of about 18% ~ 20% normal in all open angle glaucomas, be called normal intraocular pressure glaucoma; On the other hand, people's intraocular pressure of nearly 2% is higher than pathological index in the normal population, but does not suffer from glaucoma, and this part person is for high intraocular pressure, so tonometer has bigger limitation to the detection of primary open angle glaucoma, this impels people to carry out new invention exploration.
2 perimeters (Perimeter)
Perimetric detection principle is because glaucoma causes optic nerve injury, if the optic nerve forfeiture of capacity is arranged in amphiblestroid certain zone, will cause this regional visual deprivation.Therefore, can be by detecting the threshold of feelings of vision light sensation, the contrast of brightness of promptly perimetric test sighting target and background luminance reflects.Clinically at present adopt automatic perimeter, the Octopus 1-2-3 full-automatic static perimeter of producing as Switzerland Interzeag company more.The DymanicG2 program that it carries by computer, 59 points in 30 ° of visuals field of inspection center, background luminance is 31.4 apostilbs (asb), the sighting target size is a Glodmann III sighting target.The result can reflect that the typical local field of view of glaucoma changes, and also can find the sensitivity damage of different parts in the visual field simultaneously.
But at present also there are following some shortcomings in the perimeter that adopts: 1) visual field is detected and is depended on experimenter master and state, the reliability of its testing result and experimenter's cooperate degree and the familiarity of detection had substantial connection; 2) characteristic of glaucoma damage optic nerve is not considered in its design of the perimeter of using at present, thereby studies show that, in glaucoma, the optic nerve of existing as many as 50% is just downright bad before typical defect of visual field takes place, and the forfeiture of this part optic nerve can not reflect by perimetric detection.
Summary of the invention
As mentioned above, how overcoming the detection limitation of prior art to primary open angle glaucoma, is technical problem to be solved by this invention.For this reason, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of IDG-OKN (the OKN eye movement that the grating that show intermittence brings out) equipment that detects primary open angle glaucoma.
Main foundation of the present invention is:
(1) the diphasic pulse reaction is the characteristic of maxicell type optic cell in the retina;
(2) the IDG-OKN eye movement is relevant with the diphasic pulse reaction, and it has reflected the characteristic of maxicell type optic nerve to a certain extent;
(3) the early stage main damage maxicell of primary open angle glaucoma type optic cell causes the IDG-OKN eye movement unusual;
Therefore, can detect glaucoma by detecting the IDG-OKN eye movement relevant with maxicell type optic cell.More specifically the reasons are as follows:
1. two-phase vision pulse reaction (Biphasic visual temporal impulseresponse) pulse reaction is the basic concept of descriptive system time response in " Signals ﹠ Systems " engineering discipline, its definition is: the system responses h (t) when being input as unit-pulse signal δ (t), as shown in Figure 1, be input as unit-pulse signal (δ (t)), output (h (t)) just is defined as the pulse reaction of system.Wherein, δ (t) is defined as:
Psychological physic is studied the characteristic that the notion of pulse reaction is applied to inquire into visual system, finds that bright pulse stimulates the reaction that causes in visual system be the two-phase characteristic, is called two-phase vision pulse reaction.Brightness is current (being equivalent to bright pulse stimulates) at short notice in the visual field as working as, the experimenter at first produces the sensation (sensation that is higher than background luminance of short-term " bright ", or answer antithesis), produce the sensation (be lower than the sensation of background luminance, or negative reacting) of " secretly " then.Shown in Fig. 2-1 and 2-2.Foundation has been found in such diphasic pulse reaction on the physiology, the electrophysiologic study result shows, the neuromechanism of maxicell type in the formation of diphasic pulse reaction and the retina (Magnocellular type is called for short the M type) retinal ganglial cells is closely related.The bright pulse that Fig. 2-1 expression presents stimulates, and Fig. 2-2 is the diphasic pulse reaction, and one should connect a negative reaction antithesis.
2. show OKN (IDG-OKN) eye movement that grating brings out at OKN (OKN) eye movement and intermittence
(Optokinetic Nystagmus is to stimulate the nystagmus nonvoluntary that is brought out by large-area serial movement image OKN) to traditional OKN.The OKN eye movement is made up of the slow phase (Slow phase) of the visual direction of motion of a series of tracking and the snap shot (Fast phase) of rebound fast.Studies show that in a large number OKN eye movement slow phase is consistent with stimulation picture motion direction, so the OKN eye movement can be used as the objective indicator of expression motion perception.
According to the two-phase characteristic of vision pulse reaction, the inventor had once designed and had adopted (Interstimulusinterval is called for short ISI) the intermittently experiment of the induced movement perception of demonstration at a certain time interval of static sinusoidal brightness grating.Because the effect of biphasic reaction negative during ISI, form with the last width of cloth and stimulate the opposite expression of space phase (being equivalent to light and shade position, space relation exchanges), and then stimulate the positive cause to express (stimulating the posivtive spike of the pulse reaction that causes to form) with second width of cloth to combine, thereby may bring out the alternative motion perception in the left and right sides by second width of cloth.
Owing to the OKN eye movement is the objective indicator of expression motion, thereby the static grating stimulation that intermittently shows just may be brought out alternative OKN eye movement.The inventor designs, made computer graphical in experiment stimulate and the eye movement recording instrument, observe successfully and record that a kind of normal person has, novel reacts relevant OKN eye movement with diphasic pulse, be called intermittent-display-gratinginduced OKN, or be called for short IDG-OKN.
3. primary open angle glaucoma is to the injury characteristic of optic nerve
At present, result of study to primary open angle glaucoma damage retinal ganglial cells is mainly: the disappearance of ganglionic cell mainly occurs in the utmost point up and down of looking nipple, the abundantest at these two regional M type ganglionic cells, and on full retina level, also have selective injury to M type ganglionic cell.These results show that primary open angle glaucoma is to the selective damage of M type optic cell in the retina.Because the diphasic pulse reaction is the characteristic of M cell, thereby, may come the diagnosing primary open-angle glaucoma by detecting the IDG-OKN relevant with the diphasic pulse reaction.
According to above analysis, there is weak point in various degree in the glaucomatous medical apparatus of existing detection, and present senior medical apparatus costs an arm and a leg.The inventor in conjunction with inventor place laboratory available research achievements, has researched and developed the present invention according to the characteristics of primary open angle glaucoma to optic nerve injury, is used to detect the IDG-OKN eye movement checkout equipment of primary open angle glaucoma.
Technical scheme of the present invention is summarized as follows:
Show that grating brings out the OKN checkout equipment intermittence according to a kind of primary open angle glaucoma of the present invention, comprises main control computer, and its characteristic point is: also have the ancillary equipment as this main control computer:
One giant-screen short persistence display provides tested eye to stimulate figure;
One printer, recording processing result;
One eye movement measurement and sampling apparatus provides tested eye to detect data; And also on this computer, set up:
One shows that intermittently grating stimulates figure generation functional module, provides tested eye to stimulate figure to this giant-screen short persistence display;
One eye movement measurement and signals collecting functional module are set up people-machine interface, start this eye-movement measurement and sampling apparatus, accept to detect data;
One date processing and output function module are handled in real time or processed offline detecting data, and are given this display to show or this printer prints result;
-IDG-OKN eye movement data base sets up each experimenter's data result.
Further, its hardware index of said main control computer is at least: the CPU clock is 500MHz frequently, internal memory 64MB, hard disk 20GB.Said eye-movement measurement and sampling apparatus comprise the depolarization surface electrode that becomes circuit to connect successively, low-noise preamplifier, the selectivity RC network feeds back active trap circuit, low pass filter, eye-movement measurement in post-amplifier and the A/D change-over circuit, this A/D change-over circuit and main control computer and signals collecting functional module become bidirectional traffic to connect.Wherein, the amplification of this low-noise preamplifier is 100 times, and A/D conversion sample frequency is 100Hz.Said tested eye stimulates figure to comprise stimulates graphic model 1, its grating contrast C=10% and stimulation graphic model 2, and its stimulation time is ISI=67ms at interval.Wherein, said tested eye stimulates in the graphic model 1, and stimulation time is ISI=10ms ~ 100ms at interval; Said tested eye stimulates graphic model 1, and comprising stimulates 1, its ISI=17ms; Stimulate 2, its ISI=33ms; Stimulate 3, its ISI=50ms; Stimulate 4, its ISI=67ms; Stimulate 5, its ISI=83ms; Stimulate 6, its ISI=100ms; Said tested eye stimulates in the graphic model 2, grating contrast C=1%～60%; Said tested eye stimulates graphic model 2 to comprise and stimulates 7, and its grating contrast is 2%; Stimulate 8, its grating contrast is 5%; Stimulate 9, its grating contrast is 10% and stimulates 10 that its grating contrast is 50%.The said data archival of in IDG-OKN eye movement data base, setting up the experimenter, be meant by the experimenter and register for a household residence card, each experimenter forms a record, notes at this, has one at least by an incentive condition, the log file that sampled data corresponding with this incentive condition and corresponding result form, said each name is subjected to record of examination formation to comprise record number, name, sex, date of birth, detection time.
As mentioned above, the present invention compares with the medical apparatus that existing primary open angle glaucoma detects, and has outstanding substantive distinguishing features and obvious improvement:
1. overcome that existing various detection primary open angle glaucoma medical apparatus are existing to be stated such as relying on experimenter master, the defective of testing result poor reliability, the present invention uses and intermittently shows that grating stimulates tested eye, and reacts according to the OKN that is brought out and to judge whether the experimenter is glaucoma patient.Whole testing process is followed objective criterion, the reliability height;
2. the present invention is in conjunction with up-to-date vision scientific achievement, and setting up computer graphical stimulates tested eye, is objective indicator with the OKN eye movement, directly detecting in essence from oculopathy;
3. compare with existing high-grade medical apparatus, the present invention also has cheap advantage.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the sketch map of descriptive system pulse reaction in the engineering discipline.
Fig. 2-1 and Fig. 2 the-the 2nd, and system's pulse reaction shown in Figure 1 is applied to the system performance sketch map of vision research.Wherein Fig. 2-1 is the bright boost pulse sketch map of input visual system; The two-phase vision pulse sketch map that Fig. 2-2 brings out for the bright boost pulse of response diagram 2-1.
Fig. 3 is a device structure sketch map of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the eye movement signal measurement among the present invention and the block diagram of sample unit.
Fig. 5 is to use present device to measure the flow chart of IDG-OKN eye movement.
Fig. 6 is the flow chart that shows the grating stimulation programs intermittence among the present invention.
Fig. 7 shows that grating stimulates the figure module structural representation intermittence among the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the IDG-OKN database structure sketch map among the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the flow chart of data processing figure among the present invention.
Figure 10 is to use and shows that grating stimulates the intermittence of present device and bring out left and right sides alternating movement perception and IDG-OKN eye movement sketch map.
Figure 11 is to use apparatus of the present invention to the typical OKN eye movement recording figure of normal subjects with the ISI interval variation.
Figure 12 is to use apparatus of the present invention to the OKN eye movement vision percentage ratio cartogram of 14 normal eyes of normal subjects with the ISI interval variation.
Figure 13 is to use apparatus of the present invention to the typical OKN eye movement recording figure of primary open angle glaucoma patient with the ISI interval variation.
The cartogram that Figure 14 is to use apparatus of the present invention that the OKN eye movement vision of the sick eye of 11 of primary open angle glaucoma patients is changed at interval with ISI.
Figure 15 be to use apparatus of the present invention to the normal subjects with the typical OKN eye movement recording figure that the grid ratio degree is changed.
The cartogram that Figure 16 is to use apparatus of the present invention that the OKN percentage of time of the normal eye of 14 of normal subjectses is changed with the grating contrast.
The typical OKN eye movement recording figure that Figure 17 is to use apparatus of the present invention that the primary open angle glaucoma patient is changed with the grating contrast.
The cartogram that Figure 18 is to use apparatus of the present invention that the OKN percentage of time of the sick eye of 11 of primary open angle glaucoma patients is changed with the grating contrast.
The specific embodiment
Provide better embodiment of the present invention according to Fig. 3～Fig. 9 below, and described in detail.But present embodiment is for architectural feature of the present invention and function are described better, the performance characteristic, rather than be used for limiting the scope of the invention.
See also shown in Figure 3, each ingredient functional parameter of the schematic diagram of IDG-OKN eye movement checkout equipment of the present invention and equipment:
This cover detects demonstration, control, sampling and the date processing of the IDG-OKN eye movement equipment of primary open angle glaucoma based on computer, electronic measurement technique in conjunction with ultra-weak electronic signal, realized that the parameter IDG-OKN eye movement signal lossless triage of adjustable intermittence under the display digit grating visual stimulus survey, can be used for detecting the primary open angle glaucoma patient.
1. equipment complete schematic
Total theory diagram of this complete equipment as shown in Figure 3, with the general purpose computer is that main control computer 1 is the master control platform, and the display light gate figure at intermittence of foundation thereon generation functional module 11, OKN eye-movement measurement and signals collecting functional module 12, date processing and output function module 13 and IDG-OKN data base 14, they organically combine, and realize former open-angle glaucoma patient's IDG-OKN eye movement is detected.Use flow chart that this complete equipment detects IDG-OKN as shown in Figure 5, and described again in the back.
2. master control platform
The master control platform hardware comprises a general purpose personal computer, giant-screen short persistence display (not shown), and printer (not shown) is realized control, exchanges data and processing to described three functional modules 11,12,13 and data base 14.The hardware specific targets of general purpose computer see Table 1.
Table 1. main control module general purpose computer performance indications.
| The necessary index of item of hardware | Applicable model for example | |
| CPU≥500MHz | Intel?Pentium?III?800M?Hz | |
| Internal memory 〉=64MB | 128MB?SDRAM | |
| Hard disk 〉=20G | SeaGate?UX?ST340014A?40G | |
| Video card: 1) 〉=32MB DDR video memory 2) | ? ? Elsa?Gladiac?Graphic?Card? ? ? | |
| Display: giant-screen short persistence | ViewSonic PT813 | 21 " display |
| Result's output: print speed 〉=4ppm | HP Laser Jet 4L laser printer |
The master control platform operates under Microsoft Win 98 operating systems.
3. show intermittently that grating stimulates figure generation functional module 11
Show that intermittently grating stimulates the generation of figure by main control computer 1 and the intermittence that is implanted in wherein showing that grating stimulates graphic data base (database structure is seen Fig. 7) and display routine to constitute, and operates under the WIN98 operating system.Graphic data base and display routine adopt the Visual C Plus Plus of Microsoft company, and write in conjunction with Direct X graphical display technics.
The workflow diagram that figure takes place as shown in Figure 6, by storing 10 kinds of required stimulations in the graphic data base in advance, detect beginning after, pattern generator is by accessing required pictorial stimulus among the data base and showing that by giant-screen short persistence display its concrete steps are as follows:
Step 80 starts figure generation program; Step 81 is by calling in stimulation in the graphic data base at random and set up corresponding document in the IDG-OKN data base; Step 82 is created DirectDraw object and graphic model; Step 83, the eye movement calibration, step 84, the foreground raster graphic begins to show; Step 85 is called in back buffer with the even light that shows during the ISI; Step 86, judge whether to arrive a field time? if no show one field time, execution in step 86 still then, otherwise execution in step 87, judge whether to arrive the stipulated time or have the keyboard input to require to interrupt? if, skip to step 91, otherwise execution in step 88, show even photostimulation, next amplitude grating is called in the backstage; Does step 89 judge whether the ISI time? if not to the time, just execution in step 89 still, does otherwise execution in step 90 judge whether to arrive the stipulated time or has the keyboard input to require interrupt routine? if do not have, just return step 84, otherwise execution in step 91, releasing memory is recovered graphic model; Does step 92 judge whether to show to finish to set the stimulation figure? if finish, just execution in step 93, EP (end of program), otherwise return step 81, continue to carry out.
Show that intermittently grating stimulates figure generation functional module 11 to realize following function automatically:
(1) stimulate figure to store the Automatic Program random call with database mode;
(2) after the inspection beginning, finish the initialization of display graphics pattern: resolution 640 * 480 pixels, refresh rate 60Hz, 32 bit pattern patterns show that mean flow rate is set at 16cd/m
2
(3) eye movement calibration;
(4) finish two kinds of patterns, totally 10 kinds of intermittently digitized demonstrations (as shown in Figure 7) of grating stimulation, its structure comprises that parameter input and figure call submodule 30, it connects respectively stimulates graphic model 1 submodule 31 and stimulation graphic model 2 submodules 32:
A. this submodule 31 is 10% by program fixed grating luminance contrast, 17,33,50,67,83, and picked at random ISI interval in the 100ms scope, forming stimulates 1,2,3,4,5,6 six sub-modules 311,312,313,314,315,316.
B. this submodule 32 by program fixedly ISI be spaced apart the 67ms pattern, 2%, 5%, picked at random grating contrast in 10%, 50% contrast range, forming stimulates 7,8,9,10 four sub-modules 321,322,323,324;
(5) stimulate artificially button termination routine of procedure for displaying, to cope with contingencies;
4. eye-movement measurement and signals collecting functional module 12
What Fig. 4 showed is the theory diagram of eye-movement measurement and signal sampling parts 2, it comprises the depolarization surface electrode 21 that becomes circuit to connect successively, low-noise preamplifier 22, the selectivity RC network feeds back active trap circuit 23, low pass filter 24, post-amplifier 25 and A/D change-over circuit 26, and connect by the eye-movement measurement on A/D converter 26 and the main control computer and 12 one-tenth bidirectional traffics of signals collecting functional module.Concrete function is described below:
(1) depolarization silver chloride surface electrode is drawn the eye movement signal of telecommunication: a large amount of neural activities of retina make the rest potential of eyeball rear portion with respect to cornea end generation 10～30mv, and when eyeball rotated, electromotive force changed around the eyeball.Be affixed on the eyes both sides with a pair of silver chloride skin surface electrodes and just can draw faint eye movement signal (having an electrode to be affixed on the conduct of forehead central authorities in addition) with reference to electrode.The silver chloride effect can be avoided electrode polarization and the drift of the DC potential that causes.
(2) the high impedance low noise enlarging function piece of pipe being made of field effect amplifies about 100 times with the eye movement signal, makes signal voltage reach the " volt " order of magnitude.
(3) reducing power frequency 50Hz with Active RC filtering disturbs.
(4) low-pass filtering is removed high-frequency noise.
(5) the back level is amplified, and makes signal and AD analog digital conversion coupling, and maximum is similar to ± 5V.
(6) analog digital conversion is 12, and right ± 5V signal can get 4096, is file by Computer Storage again.
(7) but the eye movement signal in the area of computer aided screen real time monitoring recording process is got rid of snag at any time.
(8), and amplify channel status with correction signal situation of correcting electrode contact in real time before and after record.
(9) all under computer 1 control, with the time synchronized that grating intermittently shows, sampling in time.
IDG-OKN eye-movement measurement flow process as shown in Figure 5, step 50, energized is in holding state; Step 51, the experimenter cleans forehead skin, pastes electrode; Connect the detection of skin impedance; The experimenter gets ready.Step 52,53 main control computers send instructions, and showing stimulates figure, set up the data-base recording file; Step 54, is the stimulation figure that judgement need provide finished? as unfinished, then return step 52; As finishing, then execution in step 55, judge whether to detect next experimenter? as detecting, just return step 51; Otherwise execution in step 56 is checked and is finished.
5.IDG-OKN eye movement data base 14
Database structure is as shown in Figure 8: with experimenter is that unit sets up catalogue, and its people's case archives of storage comprise name under each experimenter's catalogue, age, sex, detection time, medical history reaches with the corresponding original eye movement data file of stimulation and the eye movement data file after handling.
6. date processing and output function module 13
With software (the flow chart of data processing block diagram is seen Fig. 9) analyzed and managed to the data result of each detected person among the data base.
Data to each detected person realize following function automatically
(1) the eye movement signal of telecommunication changes the eye movement amplitude into;
(2) data are carried out differential after, obtain the direction of OKN eye movement, the lasting time-histories of OKN eye movement;
(3) calculate the percentage ratio that the OKN eye movement time accounts for total stimulation time; Whether differentiate the eye movement percentage of time in normal range;
(4) access of data and printing;
Referring to Fig. 9, the treatment step of data is as follows:
The inventor uses this cover system to compare suitable 7 normal subjectses of age and 9 primary open angle glaucoma patients' IDG-OKN eye movement.Stimulate to showing that grating (seeing shown in Figure 10), Figure 10 are to show that intermittently grating stimulates the grating stimulation of pattern generator demonstration and brings out IDG-OKN eye movement sketch map the intermittence of phase shift pi/2.The sinusoidal brightness grating of the left-hand phase shift pi/2 that hurdle, left side presentation graphic generator produces intermittently shows stimulation; Right hurdle represents because the effect of diphasic pulse reaction during the ISI: for the normal person, because the effect of diphasic pulse reaction negative peak, show that grating is after interval intermittently (ISI at interval) reaches appropriate value the intermittence of phase shift pi/2, intermittently show that grating both can bring out the motion perception (solid arrow is represented) of forward (left-hand), also can bring out oppositely (dextrad) motion perception (dotted arrow is represented), and bring out a corresponding left side alternative IDG-OKN eye movement is arranged; And the primary open angle glaucoma patient because the damage of M type retinal ganglial cells causes two-phase vision pulse reaction to occur unusually probably, thereby influences the IDG-OKN eye movement.
Experimental result has obtained remarkable different result between two kinds of crowds really, shows that apparatus of the present invention can be used for primary open angle glaucoma and detect.
Testing conditions and result specifically describe as follows.
1. testing conditions
Intermittently grating stimulates the display graphics storehouse to produce pi/2 phase shift brightness light canopy (0.5cyc/deg) intermittently to show: grating is each of short duration to present one (about 17ms), during the ISI the even light that equates with the grating mean flow rate, ISI can select (17 at interval in 1 to 6,33,50,67,83, or 100ms).Each stimulation time is 20s, and the stimulation of every kind of parameter repeats more than 3 times.Have two kinds of detecting patterns: in first detecting pattern, stimulating the grating mean flow rate is 16cd/m
2, contrast is 10%, ISI interval randomly changing.In second kind of detecting pattern, ISI is set at 67ms at interval, changes the luminance contrast that stimulates grating: 2%, 5%, 10%, 50%.
11 sick eyes of 14 normal eyes of 7 normal subjectses and 9 glaucoma patients have all been accepted detection respectively.Subject's head is fixed in headstock mode, detected eye fixation center Screen, and with screen distance 57cm, another eye hides with eyeshield.Before each stimulation beginning, the experimenter watches four jiaos of points that occur successively of screen attentively and finishes calibration.
The eye movement signal is measured by eye-movement measurement and signal sampling module.Date processing and IDG-OKN data base finish the analysis of every number of subjects certificate and result's output.
2. testing result
(1) different I SI testing result at interval
A. normal subjects
The result shows that all normal subjectses can both induce the alternative OKN eye movement in the direction left and right sides under suitable ISI interval.Figure 11 is normal subjects's a typical OKN eye movement recording.Stimulating to showing that left grating stimulates the intermittence of phase shift pi/2, is even photostimulation during the ISI, and brightness is identical with the mean flow rate of light canopy.ISI is presented at left hurdle at interval, and the lower right corner is the expression eye movement time, amplitude, and the scale of direction.After ISI reaches suitable time length at interval (33-83ms), the experimenter can also produce the reverse OKN eye movement (dextrad) opposite with the pi/2 phase shift direction of motion except producing the OKN eye movement of forward (left-hand), also promptly produces the alternative IDG-OKN eye movement in the left and right sides.The eye movement percentage of time as shown in figure 12, it is the OKN eye movement percentage of time statistical results of the normal eye of 14 of normal subjectses with the ISI interval variation.Statistical error is represented with the standard error form.Oppositely the percentage result of OKN reaches maximum when ISI is 50 to 67ms.
B. primary open angle glaucoma patient
Nearly all POAG patient can not intermittently be shown stimulates the IDG-OKN eye movement (have only an exception, because its glaucoma symptom is lighter, produced very a spot of reverse OKN eye movement after ISI is increased to 83ms at interval) that induces two way alternate.What Figure 13 showed is the typical OKN eye movement recording of POAG patient, stimulates the grating for left-hand phase shift pi/2 intermittently to show stimulation.To all ISI at interval, the experimenter does not produce the alternative IDG-OKN eye movement in the left and right sides.All primary open angle glaucoma patients' OKN eye movement percentage of time as shown in figure 14, it is the cartogram that changes at interval with ISI OKN eye movement time of 11 sick eyes.Statistical error is represented with the standard error form.As seen from the figure, almost there is not reverse OKN eye movement to produce.
(2) the different testing result of raster brightness contrast
A. normal subjects
For the normal subjects, forward and reverse OKN eye movement time all increase with the increase of grating contrast, and after reaching 5% (to forward OKN) and 10% (to reverse OKN), contrast approaches to saturation respectively, typical case OKN eye movement recording as shown in figure 15, stimulate show grating the intermittence for the variable left-hand phase shift pi/2 of grating contrast, ISI is spaced apart 67ms.The left in the drawings hurdle of grating contrast shows.The percentage of time statistical value is seen Figure 16, and it is the cartogram of the OKN percentage of time of 14 normal eyes with the change of grating contrast.Statistical error is represented with the standard error form.The normal subjects increases to 5% in the grating contrast can replace the IDG-OKN eye movement about appearance significantly.
B. primary open angle glaucoma patient
Experimental result shows, has only contrast when the stimulation grating to be increased to 10% when above, and POAG patient's forward OKN eye movement just may be brought out.The more important thing is that the primary open angle glaucoma patient produces the alternative IDG-OKN eye movement in the left and right sides under all luminance contrast conditions.Eye movement recording is seen Figure 17, stimulates show grating the intermittence for the variable left-hand phase shift pi/2 of grating contrast, and ISI is spaced apart 67ms.The left in the drawings hurdle of grating contrast shows.Percentage of time is seen Figure 18, and it is the cartogram of the OKN percentage of time of 11 sick eyes with the change of grating contrast.Statistical error is represented with the standard error form.The primary glaucoma patient can not be brought out the IDG-OKN eye movement under all luminance contrast conditions.
Claims (11)
1, show that grating brings out the OKN checkout equipment a kind of intermittence of primary open angle glaucoma, comprise main control computer, it is characterized in that also having:
One giant-screen short persistence display provides tested eye to stimulate figure;
One printer, recording processing result;
One eye movement measurement and signal sampling device provides tested eye to detect data;
And on this computer, set up;
One shows that intermittently grating stimulates figure generation functional module, provides tested eye to stimulate figure to this giant-screen short persistence display;
One eye movement measurement and signals collecting functional module are set up people-machine interface, start this eye-movement measurement and signal sampling device, accept to detect data;
One date processing and output function module are handled in real time or processed offline detecting data, and are given this display to show or this printer prints result;
The OKN IDG-OKN eye movement data base that one grating that intermittently shows brings out, set up each experimenter's data archival, register for a household residence card, form a record by the experimenter, login corresponding incentive condition, sampled data and deal with data and be formed on the file that this is noted.
2, show that grating brings out the OKN checkout equipment intermittence of primary open angle glaucoma according to claim 1, it is characterized in that its hardware index of said main control computer is at least: the CPU clock is 500MHz frequently, internal memory 64MB, hard disk 20GB.
3, show that grating brings out the OKN checkout equipment intermittence of primary open angle glaucoma according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, said eye-movement measurement and signal sampling device comprise the depolarization surface electrode that becomes circuit to connect successively, low-noise preamplifier, the selectivity RC network feeds back active trap circuit, low-pass filter circuit, eye-movement measurement in post-amplifier and the A/D change-over circuit, this A/D change-over circuit and main control computer and signals collecting functional module become bidirectional traffic to connect.
4, show that grating brings out the OKN checkout equipment intermittence of primary open angle glaucoma according to claim 3, it is characterized in that the amplification of this low-noise preamplifier is 100 times.
5, show that grating brings out the OKN checkout equipment intermittence of primary open angle glaucoma according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, said tested eye stimulates figure to comprise stimulates graphic model 1, its grating contrast C=10% and stimulation graphic model 2, its stimulation time is ISI=67ms at interval.
6, show that grating brings out the OKN checkout equipment intermittence of primary open angle glaucoma according to claim 5, it is characterized in that said tested eye stimulates in the graphic model 1, stimulation time is ISI=10ms ~ 100ms at interval.
7, show that grating brings out the OKN checkout equipment intermittence of primary open angle glaucoma according to claim 6, it is characterized in that said tested eye stimulates graphic model 1, comprise stimulating 1, its ISI=17ms; Stimulate 2, its ISI=33ms; Stimulate 3, its ISI=50ms; Stimulate 4, its ISI=67ms; Stimulate 5, its ISI=83ms and stimulation 6, its ISI=100ms.
8, show that grating brings out the OKN checkout equipment intermittence of primary open angle glaucoma according to claim 5, it is characterized in that said tested eye stimulates in the graphic model 2, grating contrast C=1% ~ 60%.
9, show that grating brings out the OKN checkout equipment intermittence of primary open angle glaucoma according to claim 8, it is characterized in that said tested eye stimulates graphic model 2 to comprise and stimulates 7, its grating contrast is 2%; Stimulate 8, its grating contrast is 5%; Stimulate 9, its grating contrast is 10% and stimulates 10 that its grating contrast is 50%.
10, show that grating brings out the OKN checkout equipment intermittence of primary open angle glaucoma according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the said data archival of in IDG-OKN eye movement data base, setting up the experimenter, be meant by the experimenter and register for a household residence card, each experimenter forms a record, note at this, have one at least, the log file that sampled data corresponding with this incentive condition and corresponding result constitute by an incentive condition.
11, show that grating brings out the OKN checkout equipment intermittence according to claim 1 or 10 described primary open angle glaucomas, it is characterized in that said each experimenter forms a record, comprise record number, name, sex, date of birth, detect the date.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2003101084415A CN1316936C (en) | 2003-11-06 | 2003-11-06 | Idiopathy open-angle glaucoma grating-induced eye motion fremitus intermittent display checking apparatus |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2003101084415A CN1316936C (en) | 2003-11-06 | 2003-11-06 | Idiopathy open-angle glaucoma grating-induced eye motion fremitus intermittent display checking apparatus |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1541609A CN1541609A (en) | 2004-11-03 |
| CN1316936C true CN1316936C (en) | 2007-05-23 |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106308738B (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2018-02-16 | 湖州美科沃华医疗技术有限公司 | A kind of device and method for glaucoma detection |
| JP7141396B2 (en) | 2016-12-07 | 2022-09-22 | オークランド ユニサービシズ リミテッド | Stimulus and eye-tracking system |
| US10827922B2 (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2020-11-10 | Zongqi Hu | Apparatus and method for objective visual acuity measurement using dynamic velocity threshold filter in optokinetic response processing |
| CN110420009B (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2021-09-21 | 北京大学第三医院（北京大学第三临床医学院） | Visual target testing system aiming at different photoreceptor cell dynamic visual stimulation |
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| US5065767A (en) * | 1988-08-26 | 1991-11-19 | The Australian National University | Method for use in diagnosis of glaucoma |
| CN2089788U (en) * | 1991-04-02 | 1991-12-04 | 中国科学院上海生理研究所 | Multifunction motion image generator |
| US5295495A (en) * | 1991-05-13 | 1994-03-22 | The Australian National University | Glaucoma testing from observations of optokinetic nystagmus |
| US6068377A (en) * | 1999-05-14 | 2000-05-30 | Visionrx.Com, Inc. | Visual test utilizing color frequency doubling |
| CN1438852A (en) * | 2000-06-28 | 2003-08-27 | 爱视有限责任公司 | Vision testing system |
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| US5065767A (en) * | 1988-08-26 | 1991-11-19 | The Australian National University | Method for use in diagnosis of glaucoma |
| CN2089788U (en) * | 1991-04-02 | 1991-12-04 | 中国科学院上海生理研究所 | Multifunction motion image generator |
| US5295495A (en) * | 1991-05-13 | 1994-03-22 | The Australian National University | Glaucoma testing from observations of optokinetic nystagmus |
| US6068377A (en) * | 1999-05-14 | 2000-05-30 | Visionrx.Com, Inc. | Visual test utilizing color frequency doubling |
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| 双眼运动竞争中的多重交替OKN Multi-OKN 孙复川，童剑亮，王存国，第九次全国生物物理大会学术会议论文摘要集 2002 * |
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| CN1541609A (en) | 2004-11-03 |
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