CN1316048A - 防戳材料 - Google Patents

防戳材料 Download PDF

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CN1316048A
CN1316048A CN99810439A CN99810439A CN1316048A CN 1316048 A CN1316048 A CN 1316048A CN 99810439 A CN99810439 A CN 99810439A CN 99810439 A CN99810439 A CN 99810439A CN 1316048 A CN1316048 A CN 1316048A
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resistant material
fabric
stab resistant
polymer film
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CN1093630C (zh
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Y·富克斯
C·博特格尔
A·费尔斯
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Aramid Products GmbH
FMS Enterprises Ltd
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Aramid Products GmbH
FMS Enterprises Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H1/00—Personal protection gear
    • F41H1/02—Armoured or projectile- or missile-resistant garments; Composite protection fabrics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0471—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
    • F41H5/0478—Fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers in combination with plastics layers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/911—Penetration resistant layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2615—Coating or impregnation is resistant to penetration by solid implements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3472—Woven fabric including an additional woven fabric layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3472—Woven fabric including an additional woven fabric layer
    • Y10T442/3602—Three or more distinct layers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3472—Woven fabric including an additional woven fabric layer
    • Y10T442/3602—Three or more distinct layers
    • Y10T442/365—At least one layer is a preformed synthetic polymeric film or sheet
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3854—Woven fabric with a preformed polymeric film or sheet

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
  • Connector Housings Or Holding Contact Members (AREA)
  • Cable Accessories (AREA)
  • Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
  • Wrappers (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
  • Devices For Conveying Motion By Means Of Endless Flexible Members (AREA)
  • Fluid-Driven Valves (AREA)
  • Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)

Abstract

防戳材料,通过聚合物薄膜将至少二种机织物接合一起制成的,其中织物包含拉伸强度至少为900兆帕的纱线,接合织物的聚合物薄膜的拉伸强度至少为10兆帕,其特征在于接合织物的聚合物薄膜具有1500～4500兆帕的弯曲模量。

Description

防戳材料
本发明涉及一种防戳材料，是通过聚合物薄膜将至少二种的机织物接合制成的，在那里由拉伸强度至少为900兆帕的纱线构成机织物，接合织物的聚合物薄膜的拉伸强度至少为10兆帕；还涉及一种防戳包装料；和此种防戳包装料制造防护服装的应用。
这种类型的防戳材料在WO97/21334中已被了解，其中所描述的聚合物薄膜的弯曲模量为42～1000兆帕。在这一公开物的实例中，很清楚此种防戳材料需要有38～45层才能提供戳入防护，其说明被认为是充分的。防戳质量的评价是按照CEN/TC 162/WG 5 N 479的报告完成的。按照这一标准，用二种不同的刀，而每种刀的戳入深度不超过20毫米被看作充分的戳入防护。在WO 97/21334中用哪种刀是不清楚的。由于清楚地见到需要用许多层的防戳材料，如果用这种防戳材料制成防护服装，因其多层次会使衣服变得厚而硬，其结果是降低穿着的舒适性。
问题仍在于提供最初引用的类型的防戳材料，它能提供相对于现有技术改进的穿着舒适性。问题还存在于防戳材料效果的改进。
按照本发明，现在发现通过聚合物薄膜与至少二种的机织物接合制得的防戳材料，在那里由拉伸强度至少为900兆帕的纱线构成织物接合织物的聚合物薄膜的拉伸强度至少为10兆帕，如果接合织物的聚合物薄膜具有1500～4500兆帕的弯曲模量，则其效果能明显地得到改进。
惊奇地发现，当用如此聚合物薄膜时，与现有技术相比只需要用明显更少层的织物就提供有效的戳入防护。
如果聚合物薄膜的断裂伸长率至少为80％，例如为100％或120％时，是有利的。
如同在WO 97/21334的情况，本发明的弯曲模量是按照ASTMD-790，薄膜的拉伸强度是按照ASTM D-638，而断裂伸长率是按照ASTM D-638，和纱线的拉伸强度是按照ASTM D-885来确定的。
已经证明本发明用二层机织物与聚合物薄膜层压构成的防戳材料特别地受到欢迎。
更可取的是，机织物是由拉伸强度为900～8000兆帕的纱线构成的。形成织物的纱线的拉伸强度为1500～6000兆帕、特别是3000～6000兆帕被证明特别地有利。在这方面，证明实际上所有适合于作为冲击防护的纱线，例如由聚烯烃制成的纱线，特别是聚乙烯，由聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺、聚酯或聚(对苯撑-2,6-苯并双恶唑)制成的纱线，由芳香族酰胺制成的纱线特别地被推崇。
对于本发明的防戳材料，如果接合织物的聚合物薄膜有1500～4500兆帕的弯曲模量，特别是2000～3000兆帕，已被证明特别地有利。适合的聚合物有硬的聚氯乙烯，其弯曲模量为3500～4000兆帕之间，或聚氨酯，其弯曲模量在4000～4500兆帕之间。聚碳酸酯特别地被推崇。此种聚碳酸酯，如举例为GE塑料公司销售的品牌LEXAN 103。LEXAN 103具有弯曲模量为2500兆帕，拉伸强度为70兆帕，和断裂伸长率为120％。
对于本发明的防戳材料所用的织物，用平纹组织被证明最为满意，特别地，如果它的织物密度按照Walz的计算为25～80％，更可取的为25～60％。
按照Walz的织物密度是按照下列公式计算的：
    DG=(dK=+dS)2·fK·fS
这里 dK=经纱实际直径(substance diameter)，毫米
     dS=纬纱实际直径，毫米
     fK=每厘米的经纱数
     fS=每厘米的纬纱数
纱线的实际直径dK或dS计算如下：
    d=(纤度)1/2/88.5·(密度)1/2
这里d不是dK就是dS，相应的纱线纤度是分特，纱线的密度是克/厘米3。
以上所给的值尤其适用于平纹组织织物。如果应用于非平纹组织，在计算中应包含一个组织的校正因子。作为这一组织的校正因子，下列值常用在特定组织的织物中：
      组    织            组织校正因子方平组织    2∶2               0.56斜纹组织    2∶1               0.70斜纹组织    2∶2               0.56斜纹组织    3∶1               0.56斜纹组织    4∶4               0.38缎纹组织    1∶4               0.49
按照Walz公式计算的织物密度DG，要乘上这些校正因子。
按照Walz，织物密度DG的定量用％表示，在高密织物的情况下，其值能超过100％。
本发明的防戳材料最理想的是用于制造防戳包装料，该包装料具有层本发明的防戳材料。这种防戳包装料特别地选择用6-30层，优选用10～25层本发明的防戳材料，以及可能加上其他材料的附加层。为了增进手感，在本发明的防戳包装料内，将几层或所有层放置在用纺织材料制的封套里是有益的。
按照本发明的防戳包装料，最适合于制造防护服装。
本发明用下述例子，给予更多说明：
将纤度为840分特和拉伸强度为3600兆帕的芳香族酰胺纱线制成平纹组织的机织物。织物密度，按照Walz计算是46％，织物重量为215克/米2。放在二层织物中间的是用聚碳酸酯(LEXAN 103)制的聚合物薄膜，其比重为135克/米2。二层织物用聚合物薄膜层压在220～230℃温度范围内进行，其压力为约10巴。将不同数量的这些层压布放置在用聚酰胺机织物制的封套里，1号刀和2号刀(英国刀(1号)和德国刀)的戳入深度，是按照CEN/TC 162/WG 5N 479来确定的。当防戳包装料含有8层层压布时，用1号刀的戳入深度仅为10毫米。当封套中用少至10层层压布时，用1号刀未见戳入，而用2号刀，则有25毫米的戳入。当用15层层压布在封套里叠置时，用2号刀时，其戳入深度仅为5毫米，而用1号刀则不再见有戳入。用1号刀，在试验后，还发现刀的尖部是弯曲的。将20层层压布放在封套里的情况下，用2号刀也不再见戳入。
在进一步试验中，所用的机织物为纤度是840分特和拉伸强度是3600兆帕的芳香族酰胺纱线制成的平纹组织。按照Walz(公式)织物的密度为30％，织物的重量为170克/米2。将由聚碳酸酯(LEXAN103)制成的聚合物薄膜(比重为135克/米2)放置在二层织物中间，聚合物薄膜与二层织物的层压在220～230℃温度范围内进行，压力为约10巴。不同数量的这些层压布放在用聚酰胺机织物制的封套里，按照CEN/TC 162/WG 5 N 479标准用1号和2号刀(英国刀(1号)和德国刀)来确定戳入深度。当防戳包装料含有8层层压布时，用1号刀的戳入深度仅为10毫米(平均值)。当封套里用10层层压布时，1号刀再未见戳入，而2号刀却未符合标准要求。当用15层层压布在封套里叠置时，用2号刀也只有约10毫米的戳入，而1号刀不再见到有戳入。

Claims (12)

1．防戳材料，是用至少二种机织物通过聚合物薄膜接合一起，其中织物包含拉伸强度至少为900兆帕的纱线，接合织物的聚合物薄膜的拉伸强度至少10兆帕，其特征在于接合织物的聚合物薄膜具有1500～4500兆帕的弯曲模量。
2．按照权利要求1的防戳材料，其特征在于它包含通过聚合物薄膜层压在一起的两种织物。
3．按照权利要求1或2的防戳材料，其特征在于构成织物的纱线的拉伸强度为900～8000兆帕。
4．按照权利要求1～3中的一项或多项的防戳材料，其特征在于接合织物的聚合物薄膜的弯曲模量为2000～3000兆帕。
5．按照权利要求1～4中的一项或多项的防戳材料，其特征在于织物为平纹组织。
6．按照权利要求1-5中的一项或多项的防戳材料，其特征在于织物的密度按照Walz的计算为25～80％。
7．按照权利要求1-6项中的一项或多项的防戳材料，其特征在于接合织物的聚合物薄膜由聚碳酸酯构成。
8．含有多层权利要求1-7中的一项或多项的防戳材料的防戳包装料。
9．按照权利要求8的防戳包装料，其特征在于它含有6～30层按照权利要求1～7中一项或多项的防戳材料以及可能的附加层。
10．按照权利要求9的防戳包装料，其特征在于含有10～15层按权利要求1-7中的一项或多项的防戳材料。
11．按照权利要求8-10中的一项或多项的防戳包装料，其特征在于多层或所有层安排在用纺织材料制的封套内。
12．按照权利要求8～11中一项或多项的防戳包装料在制造防戳服装上的应用。
CN99810439A 1998-08-04 1999-07-30 防戳材料 Expired - Fee Related CN1093630C (zh)

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EP98114608.7 1998-08-04
EP98114608 1998-08-04

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CN1093630C CN1093630C (zh) 2002-10-30

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