CN1313386C - Electromigration unidirectional osmosis desalination method for water - Google Patents
Electromigration unidirectional osmosis desalination method for water Download PDFInfo
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- CN1313386C CN1313386C CNB2005100135207A CN200510013520A CN1313386C CN 1313386 C CN1313386 C CN 1313386C CN B2005100135207 A CNB2005100135207 A CN B2005100135207A CN 200510013520 A CN200510013520 A CN 200510013520A CN 1313386 C CN1313386 C CN 1313386C
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003011 anion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000007646 directional migration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009296 electrodeionization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及一种水的电迁移单向渗透脱盐方法，属于水处理的脱盐技术。The invention relates to a water electromigration unidirectional osmosis desalination method, which belongs to the desalination technology of water treatment.
背景技术 Background technique
在直流电场的作用下，水中的离子定向迁移，据此当水流通过电场时，可实现水的脱盐。传统的电渗析脱盐方法，设置淡水、浓水通道，在直流电场的作用下，实现水中的离子由淡水通道向浓水通道的定向迁移，由于浓水的大量排放，过程水利用率低；需要克服浓水与淡水中离子的化学势差，能量消耗于克服电流通过膜时所受阻力和电极反应，能量消耗较大；电渗析存在电极反应，电渗析材料要求高。而电容法脱盐方法则由于水流动的扰动离子有回迁到水流主体的问题，影响系统脱盐率，能量消耗于电极反应。电去离子方法采用增加传统的电渗析的淡水室隔板厚度，并在淡水室中填充混合床离子交换树脂，造成淡水室流动阻力增加，设备处理能力下降。Under the action of a DC electric field, the ions in the water migrate in a directional manner, so when the water flows through the electric field, the desalination of the water can be realized. In the traditional electrodialysis desalination method, fresh water and concentrated water channels are set up, and under the action of a direct current electric field, the ions in the water are oriented to migrate from the fresh water channel to the concentrated water channel. Due to the large amount of concentrated water discharge, the process water utilization rate is low; To overcome the chemical potential difference between concentrated water and fresh water ions, the energy consumption is to overcome the resistance and electrode reaction when the current passes through the membrane, and the energy consumption is relatively large; there are electrode reactions in electrodialysis, and the requirements for electrodialysis materials are high. However, the capacitive desalination method has the problem of moving back to the main body of the water flow due to the disturbed ions in the water flow, which affects the desalination rate of the system and consumes energy in the electrode reaction. The electrodeionization method adopts to increase the thickness of the traditional electrodialysis fresh water chamber partition, and fill the fresh water chamber with mixed bed ion exchange resin, resulting in an increase in the flow resistance of the fresh water chamber and a decrease in the processing capacity of the equipment.
发明内容Contents of Invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种水的电迁移单向渗透脱盐方法，该脱盐方法的装置结构简单，运行可靠，操作费用低。The object of the present invention is to provide a water electromigration unidirectional osmosis desalination method, the device structure of the desalination method is simple, the operation is reliable, and the operation cost is low.
本发明是通过下述技术方案加以实现的，基于在直流电场的作用下，水中的离子定向迁移道理，采用的装置包括负极、正极，贴靠两电极的不透水正极隔膜、负极隔膜，两隔膜之间设置阴离子交换膜和阳离子交换膜，实现水的电迁移单向渗透脱盐方法，其特征在于包括以下过程：含盐水进入阴离子交换膜和阳离子交换膜之间的淡水流道后，水中的阳离子Na+通过阳离子交换膜向负极迁移，阴离子Cl-通过阴离子交换膜向正极迁移，于是在淡水流道中的出口流出淡水，在阳离子交换膜与负极隔膜之间的流道流动含阳离子水，在阴离子交换膜与正极隔膜之间的流道流动含阴离子水，该两流道的出口连接，富集阳离子Na+的水流和富集阴离子Cl-的水流流出电场后迅速混合，完成电性的中和，从而实现水中盐分的脱除。The present invention is realized through the following technical scheme. Based on the principle of directional migration of ions in water under the action of a direct current electric field, the device adopted includes a negative electrode, a positive electrode, an impermeable positive electrode diaphragm and a negative electrode diaphragm adjacent to the two electrodes, and two diaphragms. An anion exchange membrane and a cation exchange membrane are arranged between to realize the electromigration unidirectional osmosis desalination method of water, which is characterized in that it includes the following process: after the salt water enters the fresh water flow channel between the anion exchange membrane and the cation exchange membrane, the cations in the water Na + migrates to the negative electrode through the cation exchange membrane, and the anion Cl - migrates to the positive electrode through the anion exchange membrane, so the fresh water flows out from the outlet in the fresh water flow channel, and the cation-containing water flows in the flow channel between the cation exchange membrane and the negative electrode diaphragm. The flow channel between the exchange membrane and the positive electrode diaphragm flows anion-containing water, and the outlets of the two flow channels are connected, and the water flow enriched in cation Na + and the water flow enriched in anion Cl - are mixed rapidly after flowing out of the electric field to complete electrical neutralization , so as to achieve the removal of salt in water.
本发明的优点在于：利用直流电场的原理，实现离子的迁移，但不发生电极反应，也没有水流动扰动离子回迁到水流主体的忧虑，采用该脱盐方法的装置操作简单，运行可靠，能量消耗低，特别适用于盐分含量较低的水的深度脱盐处理。The advantages of the present invention are: using the principle of direct current electric field to realize the migration of ions, but no electrode reaction occurs, and there is no worry that the water flow will disturb the ions to move back to the main body of the water flow. Low, especially suitable for deep desalination of water with low salt content.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明电迁移单向渗透脱盐方法的装置结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the device structure of the electromigration unidirectional osmosis desalination method of the present invention.
图中1为正极，2为正极隔膜，3为含阴离子水流道，4为阴离子交换膜，5为淡水流道，6为阳离子交换膜，7为含阳离子水流道，8为负极隔膜，9为负极，10为直流电源。In the figure, 1 is the positive electrode, 2 is the positive electrode separator, 3 is the anion-containing water flow channel, 4 is the anion exchange membrane, 5 is the fresh water flow channel, 6 is the cation exchange membrane, 7 is the cation-containing water flow channel, 8 is the negative electrode separator, and 9 is the Negative pole, 10 is DC power supply.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说明：图1是本发明电迁移单向渗透脱盐方法的装置结构示意图。包括正极1，正极隔膜2，含阴离子水流道3，阴离子交换膜4，淡水流道5，阳离子交换膜6，含阳离子水流道7，负极隔膜8，负极9和直流电源10。直流电源10提供正极1、负极9之间的直流电场。含阴离子水流道3和含阳离子水流道7的出口相连。The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments: FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the device structure of the electromigration unidirectional osmosis desalination method of the present invention. It includes positive electrode 1, positive electrode separator 2, anion-containing water flow channel 3, anion exchange membrane 4, fresh water flow channel 5, cation exchange membrane 6, cation-containing water flow channel 7, negative electrode separator 8, negative electrode 9 and DC power supply 10. The DC power supply 10 provides a DC electric field between the positive pole 1 and the negative pole 9 . The outlet of the anion-containing water flow channel 3 and the cation-containing water flow channel 7 is connected.
直流电源10连接正极1、负极9，提供正极1、负极9之间的直流电场。当含有一定盐分的水流进入淡水流道5后，由于直流电场的作用，淡水流道5中的阳离子向负极9迁移，淡水流道5中的阴离子向正极1迁移，阳离子通过只能允许阳离子透过的阳离子交换膜6，进入含阳离子水流道7，受负极隔膜8的阻挡，阳离子在含阳离子水流道7中富集；阴离子通过只能允许阴离子透过的阴离子交换膜4，进入含阴离子水流道3，受正极隔膜2的阻挡，阴离子在含阴离子水流道3中富集。含阴离子水流道3、含阳离子水流道7中的水均处在流动状态，含阴离子水流道3中阴离子富集的水流和含阳离子水流道7中阳离子富集的水流流出电场后迅速混合，完成电性的中和。由此，实现水中盐分的脱除。The DC power supply 10 is connected to the positive pole 1 and the negative pole 9 to provide a DC electric field between the positive pole 1 and the negative pole 9 . When water containing a certain amount of salt enters the fresh water flow channel 5, due to the effect of the DC electric field, the cations in the fresh water flow channel 5 migrate to the negative electrode 9, and the anions in the fresh water flow channel 5 migrate to the positive electrode 1, and the passage of cations can only allow cations to permeate. The passed cation exchange membrane 6 enters the cation-containing water flow channel 7, and is blocked by the negative electrode diaphragm 8. The cations are enriched in the cation-containing water flow channel 7; Channel 3, blocked by the positive electrode separator 2, the anions are enriched in the anion-containing water channel 3. The water in the anion-containing water flow channel 3 and the cation-containing water flow channel 7 are both in a flowing state, and the anion-enriched water flow in the anion-containing water flow channel 3 and the cation-enriched water flow in the cation-containing water flow channel 7 flow out of the electric field and quickly mix to complete Electrical neutralization. Thus, the removal of salt in water is realized.
本发明的实施例将1-9的部件，安装在一个基座上，直流电源10连接正极1、负极9。设备外形尺寸为：700mm×400mm×500mm。In the embodiment of the present invention, the components 1-9 are installed on a base, and the DC power supply 10 is connected to the positive pole 1 and the negative pole 9 . The overall dimensions of the equipment are: 700mm×400mm×500mm.
Claims (1)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB2005100135207A CN1313386C (en) | 2005-05-18 | 2005-05-18 | Electromigration unidirectional osmosis desalination method for water |
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| CNB2005100135207A CN1313386C (en) | 2005-05-18 | 2005-05-18 | Electromigration unidirectional osmosis desalination method for water |
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| CN1721337A CN1721337A (en) | 2006-01-18 |
| CN1313386C true CN1313386C (en) | 2007-05-02 |
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| CNB2005100135207A Expired - Fee Related CN1313386C (en) | 2005-05-18 | 2005-05-18 | Electromigration unidirectional osmosis desalination method for water |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101798150B (en) * | 2010-02-11 | 2012-11-07 | 北京新源国能科技有限公司 | Treatment method of wastewater with high salt content and treatment device thereof |
| CN102583876A (en) * | 2012-01-05 | 2012-07-18 | 秦皇岛禹王环境工程有限公司 | Treatment device and treatment method for high-salt sewage |
| CN109987684B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2024-01-16 | 宁波方太厨具有限公司 | A device for separating anions and cations in water |
| CN109987685B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2024-01-16 | 宁波方太厨具有限公司 | A kind of cation separation device in water |
| CN109991385B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2024-01-16 | 宁波方太厨具有限公司 | A water quality detection system |
| CN109991384B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2024-01-16 | 宁波方太厨具有限公司 | A device for detecting heavy metal ion content in water |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3217990A1 (en) * | 1982-05-13 | 1983-11-17 | Gerhard Dipl.-Chem. Dr.-Ing. 5628 Heiligenhaus Kunz | Process and apparatus for treating liquids, in particular desalting aqueous solutions |
| CN1526654A (en) * | 2002-01-10 | 2004-09-08 | 陈树庆 | Water treating magnetoelectric dialysis process |
| JP2005066599A (en) * | 2004-10-25 | 2005-03-17 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | Electrodialysis method, electrodialysis device, electrodeionization device, electrodeionization method, and exhaust gas treatment method |
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2005
- 2005-05-18 CN CNB2005100135207A patent/CN1313386C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3217990A1 (en) * | 1982-05-13 | 1983-11-17 | Gerhard Dipl.-Chem. Dr.-Ing. 5628 Heiligenhaus Kunz | Process and apparatus for treating liquids, in particular desalting aqueous solutions |
| CN1526654A (en) * | 2002-01-10 | 2004-09-08 | 陈树庆 | Water treating magnetoelectric dialysis process |
| JP2005066599A (en) * | 2004-10-25 | 2005-03-17 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | Electrodialysis method, electrodialysis device, electrodeionization device, electrodeionization method, and exhaust gas treatment method |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 海水淡化技术现状及各种淡化方法评述 解利昕，李凭力，王世昌，化工进展，第22卷第10期 2003 * |
| 电去离子(EDI)高纯水新技术及其研究进展 王建友，上海化工，第21期 2000 * |
| 电去离子(EDI)高纯水新技术及其研究进展 王建友，上海化工，第21期 2000;海水淡化技术现状及各种淡化方法评述 解利昕，李凭力，王世昌，化工进展，第22卷第10期 2003 * |
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