CN1311946A - 基于磁场的输电线通信方法和系统 - Google Patents
基于磁场的输电线通信方法和系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种方法和系统,用于通过输电线(26)在用户(20、22、24)之间传递信息,从而在各种用电点的用户(20、22、24)之间进行通信,其中的信息是在输电线(26)上传递的电磁辐射的磁场分量中传输的,这个场是用一个微波激射器(50)激发的。通过一个Q开关(58)和一个合成孔径透镜(60),通过直接泵浦到输电线传递的电磁波的原子数中去,以适当的原子迁移频率产生声波振荡,微波激射器(50)产生翻转的原子数。在磁场产生的存在的磁通量包络中传输微波激射器(50)输出,输电线(26)的功能相当于从微波激射器(50)辐射的相干磁帧的一个磁波导。采用电感耦合来接收传输的信息。
Description
发明背景
发明领域
本发明涉及一种方法和系统,用于输电线网络完成正常输电功能的同时,将它用作通信网,具体而言涉及这样一种网络,其中沿着配电网输电线传输的电磁辐射的磁场分量被用于在用户之间传输信息,包括电话话音通信信号。
发明背景
将输电线用作通信媒体在本领域里早已是众所周知,最早的工作可以追溯到1930年,那个时候,人们努力为还没有电话线的乡村地区提供电话通信,比方说第2032360号、2264395号和2264396号美国专利所描述的现有技术系统。这些系统利用输电线电磁辐射的电分量上叠加的载波,在本质上来讲它们是严格的模拟系统,由于模拟带宽、信号衰减和不能同时处理一个以上的呼叫这些固有限制,这些系统不是特别成功。随着开发这种模拟系统的进一步努力,人们发现载波频率超过300kHz时,输电线会发出恼人的电磁辐射,这样的信号会干扰长波无线电信号,因此,这些系统只能使用30kHz到300kHz的频率。第5684450号美国专利所描述的模拟系统的一个开发尝试,允许使用大于1MHz的载波频率,用于在电力变压器之间传输,但是,人们发现输电线的电磁噪声会干扰传输的信息信号,比方说跟配电网连接的电器每次接通的时候。通过电力变压器传输信息的需要也妨碍了输电线通信系统的正常工作。人们还努力用数字信号代替模拟载波来解决这些难题,但仍然是利用输电线上电磁辐射的电分量,比方说第5554968、5559377和4471399号美国专利公开的方法,并利用数字数据包试图解决噪声问题,但是这些尝试也不令人满意,而且/或者成本太高。
由于输电基础设施已经相当完善,而且对远距离以更高速度、更高容量传输更多的各种类型的信息,特别是今天的电话通信的需求,越来越需要开发一种令人满意的低成本通信系统,这种系统能够充分利用美国和全世界已经建立起来的庞大的配电网。本发明的技术利用输电线上电磁辐射的磁场分量而不是现有技术主要考虑的电场分量,能够克服现有技术中的这些缺点。
发明简述
本发明包括一种方法和系统,用于通过输电线在用户之间传递信息,正常情况下这些输电线用于将电能输送给多个用电点,将电能提供给这些用电点的电气装置。这个通信网的用户位于这些用电点内。输电线上传输的电能的形式是电磁辐射,这种电磁辐射有一个电场分量和一个正交的互相依赖或者相关的磁场分量。电话话音或者其它数据这样的信息是在输电线上传输的电磁辐射的磁场分量里传输的,比方说用一个微波激射器(MASER)激发这样的场,从而在各种用电点的用户之间进行通信。这样的系统能够利用标准的信息协议寻址方式有选择地接收传输的通信信号。从采用微波发生器的微波激射器发出的信号,是一种相干的声波类型的信号,它的输出频率足以导致输电线周围的磁场中,在电流流过输电线产生的特殊磁矩里,原子从E1向E2迁移,比方说30GHz~300GHz的范围内。微波激射器通过Q开关和合成孔径透镜直接泵浦到输电线上电磁波的原子数,使原子数翻转,在适当的原子迁移频率上产生声波振荡。微波激射器的输出在输电线上电磁辐射磁场产生的磁通量包络中传输,输电线的作用相当于微波激射器发射的相干磁帧的一个磁波导。采用电感耦合来接收传输的信息,检测电磁场,并将电磁场转换成电信号供分析、核实,并按照信息协议将它们传送给指定的用户。这些信息的信号处理是通过利用神经网络来完成的,比方说减少的库仑能量网络也就是RCE和普通的模糊工具。这一系统可以有选择地传递和处理消息,并为跟所述电力线连接的各种机电装置控制事件管理。发射的信号对于电力变压器而言是透明的,能够以很高的速度传输很远的距离,而不会出现显著的信号衰减,相对而言不受噪声的影响,对外部长波无线电通信没有任何影响。在这一点上,微波激射器(MASER),比方说本发明采用的这种,在微波和射频范围的噪声系数,比相同频率范围内任何其它类型电子放大器的噪声系数都要小。
附图简述
图1是本发明目前的优选系统的一个示意图,这个优选系统能够采用本发明目前的优选方法;
图2类似于图1,是图1所示系统使用的典型控制中心的一个示意图;
图3类似于图1,是用于图1所示系统中一个典型的网络发射台的示意图;
图4类似于图1,是用于图1所示系统的一个典型地点位置的一个示意图;
图5是跟图1所示系统中输电线上传输的电磁辐射有关的一个典型的磁帧(magnetic frame)示意图;
图6类似于图5,是跟图1所示系统中输电线上传输的电磁辐射的半周有关的一系列典型的磁帧;
图7类似于图6,是跟图1所示系统中输电线上传输的电磁辐射的半周有关的一系列典型的磁帧的示意图;
图8类似于图6,是跟图1所示系统中输电线上传输的60Hz全周电磁波有关的一系列典型的磁帧,60Hz的信号叠加在一系列半周磁帧之上;和
图9类似于图7,说明图1所示系统中传输受控微波激射器输出的通量包络。
优选实施方案
现在参考附图。首先参考图1,在图1中画出了在普通配电网上传递信息的目前的优选系统,比方说用于电话话音通信或者其它数据通信。如图1所示,用于在全国范围内进行配电的普通配电网包括一个普通高压配电网10,它包括高压输电线,还包括普通变电站12、14,图1中画出了两个这样的典型的变电站,还包括普通的本地配电站16、18,用于通过输电线26(图2)和普通电力变压器28、30,将高压配电网10的电力分配给本地用户或者各种用电点的用户,用电点1~N,20、22、24,表示。到此为止,这个系统是一种普通配电网,用于以整个配电网输电线上传输的电磁波的形式输电。大家都知道,导线中变化的电流会辐射电磁波,输电线也不例外。在输电线26中行进的电流建立起磁场和电场,它们相互依赖或者说互相相关,其中一个发生变化总是会伴随着另一个发生变化。这种关系由麦克斯韦方程确定。如同下面将更加详细地介绍的一样,本发明目前的优选方法和系统利用输电线26上电磁辐射的磁场分量,并将它用作传输载体,在本发明的通信网用户之间传输信息信号。
在这一方面,本发明的系统还包括一个网络传输站32、34,用于通过输电线26上电磁波的磁场分量携带的磁通量包络传输信息,下面将参考图2~9更详细地进行介绍;包括一个控制中心36、38,用于控制配电网上通过输电线进行的信息发射和接收,下面将更加详细地介绍;还包括普通微波塔40、42,用于以微波频率发射信息。图1所示的系统还包括,例如,普通电话中心局44和微波塔46,用于所述用户跟没有跟本发明的通信网连接的其它普通电话用户进行通信。这样,本发明的通信网的每一个电话用户最好有一个普通电话机48(图4),通过一个接口控制器80(图4)跟普通电话线连接,用于接收普通电话通信信号,下面将更加详细地介绍接口控制器80,并且跟输电线连接,以便利用本发明的系统通过输电线接收电话信号。如果需要,也可以采用两个不同的普通电话,每种通信网都连接一个,或者一个电话两条线路,每一条连接一个网络,或者采用本领域中的任何其它方式。
现在参考图2和图3,介绍一个典型的控制中心36和网络传输站32。如图2和图3所示,采用了一个普通微波激射器50,用输电线26上电磁辐射的磁场分量传输信息。微波激射器50将微波放大,以便使功率大到足以将信息调制上去,在输电线26上传输的电磁波产生的磁场中传输。普通微波激射器50采用一个微波发生器52和一个微波激励室54,产生微波激射脉冲56。从微波激射器50发射的信号56是一种相干声波类型的信号,它的输出频率最好足以导致原子在输电线26周围的磁场中,在由于输电线26中流过的电流产生的特殊磁矩中,从E1迁移到E2,比方说,在30GHz到300GHz的范围。在Krieger出版公司1967、1980、1989年出版,Eringen编写的介质力学(Mechanics of Continua)讨论了磁矩。微波激射器50最好在输电线26周围的磁场中得到翻转的原子数,比方说1986年大学科学书籍出版社出版,Anthony Siegman编写的“激光”所描述的那样,以及普通合成孔径透镜60,通过普通Q开关58直接泵浦到输电线26上电磁波的原子数,在适当的原子迁移频率上产生声波振荡。这里的合成孔径透镜60是一个磁透镜,它能够给出一个聚焦脉冲62,对准输电线26,将微波激射器50的输出聚焦在输电线26上传输的电磁波上,特别地将它直接泵浦到跟输电线26上电磁波有关的磁场产生的磁帧66(图6)产生的磁通量包络64(图9)上去。普通Q开关58常常根据要发射的信息控制着微波激射器50的微波脉冲。
采用普通信息协议或者IP寻址方式为信息选择路由,传递给指定用户。根据本发明的系统,既然线路总是“热的”,因此不需要振铃电流来启动电话呼叫。需要做的所有事情仅仅是用正确的IP协议将指定用户的电话打开,而不管它是单独一方的专用呼叫,还是多方会议呼叫。控制中心36可以包括一台普通计算机68、一个普通信号处理器70、一个普通服务器72和一个普通的网络交换机74。网络交换机74按照普通方式在各种通信源之间交换信息,比方说在因特网、电话公司或者电缆之间进行交换。计算机68通常都控制着Q开关58的工作状态。可以按照普通方式对计算机68编程,让它选择消息路由、用信号处理器70处理消息并进行事件管理,比方说确定跟电力线连接的机电装置发生了什么事情;例如,是灯被打开了还是电话被摘机了。这一优选的信号处理器70是利用普通模糊工具通过一个普通神经网络进行的,比方说一个减少的库仑网络或者RCE,就象AFCEA国际出版社于1988年11月出版,1990年3月和1992年10月重印,的“Darpa神经网络研究”中所介绍的一样。
如图2所示,采用电感耦合76从输电线26周围的磁场接收发射的信息。电感耦合器76最好是一个铁陶瓷类型的电感耦合器,它的灵敏度为比方说10-23伏特。通常是一个普通电感耦合器的电感耦合器76最好能够检测发射的电磁波,并将它转换成电信号,由信号处理器70分析、核实,获得通信内容,并在各个点20、22、24发送给输电线,供指定的用户通过IP协议进行访问。如图4所示,假设这里的通信是点22的电话话音通信,点22的电话通过插入普通插座82的可寻址接口控制器80跟输电线连接,插座82通过普通配电网84。于是,用户48可以用正常的方式跟主叫方通话,但其中的通信信号是由输电线传递的,而不是由普通电话线传递的。可寻址接口控制器80最好包括RAM、用于为用户确定位置的一个被动GPS缓冲器(a passiveGPS buffer)、一个被动TDR缓冲器和一个ROM芯片/ASIC,用普通插头插入网络设备,比方说用于电话的RJ-11插头和/或视频插头,等等。还可以采用普通装置控制器86,按照普通方式远程打开或者关闭电器或这家里的其它电子装置,比方说计算机88、电话90、电器92或者灯94。这一装置控制信息也可以在输电线上传输。
现在参考图5~9,其中说明了本发明的系统和方法中传输信息的磁场。图5说明输电线传输的电信号电流的增大和减小产生的典型的理想磁帧,其中随着这一实例中交流电压在0伏特和110伏特之间(正常的家用电电压)增大和减小,磁通量强度也会增大和减小。图6说明一系列典型的理想磁帧66,对于交流电信号的半周,将磁帧定义为峰到峰,它说明的是正半周,尽管负半周也一样。图7说明交流信号完整周期的一系列典型的理想磁帧。图8将60赫兹完整周期交流信号的理想磁帧序列跟交流信号联系起来,但只画出了理想磁帧的正半周。最后,图9画出了完整周期交流信号的一系列磁帧,并用虚线说明实际的磁通量,这些磁通量不衰减到零,并给出一个磁通量包络64,在合成孔径透镜60聚焦在输电线26周围的磁场以后,泵浦出来的微波激射器50通过磁通量包络64传播。然后,输电线26的功能相当于微波激射器50输出的声波类型的相干信号的一个磁波导。得到的载波的幅度最好比输电线传输的正常电磁波的幅度小10%,因此,不会有任何电磁辐射超过配电网正常电力输送产生的辐射。
Claims (46)
1.一种方法,用于在用户之间通过输电线传递信息,该输电线将电能传输给多个各种用电点,提供电力给所述各种用电点里的电器,所述用户在所述用电点内,所述电力以沿着所述输电线的电磁辐射的形式在所述输电线上传输,所述电磁辐射有一个电场分量和一个有关的磁场分量,该方法包括在所述电磁辐射的磁场分量中传输所述信息,从而在所述用电点的用户之间进行通信的步骤。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中的传输包括在所述磁场分量中用相干声波类型的信号的形式传输所述信息的步骤。
3.权利要求2的方法,其中的信息传输步骤还包括从一个微波激射器提供所述相干声波信号的步骤。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中的磁场分量沿着所述输电线给出了一个磁通量包络,所述信息是在所述磁通量包络中传输的。
5.权利要求4的方法,其中的传输步骤包括以相干声波类型的信号的形式在所述磁通量包络中传递所述信号的步骤。
6.权利要求5的方法,其中的信息传输步骤还包括用一个微波激射器提供所述相干声波信号的步骤。
7.权利要求5的方法,其中的信息传输步骤还包括在所述磁通量包络中从一个微波激射器传输所述信息的步骤。
8.权利要求1的方法,其中的信息传输步骤还包括从一个微波激射器从所述磁场分量传输所述信息的步骤。
9.权利要求1的方法,其中沿着所述输电线的所述电磁辐射包括一个原子数,所述信息传输步骤还包括通过将磁能直接泵浦到所述电磁辐射的原子数上去,以相关的原子迁移频率在所述磁分量中产生声波振荡,从而获得翻转的原子数的步骤。
10.权利要求9的方法,其中的磁能泵浦步骤包括从所述微波激射器泵浦所述磁能的步骤。
11.权利要求10的方法,其中的磁场分量沿着所述输电线给出了一个磁通量包络,所述信息在所述磁通量包络中传输。
12.权利要求9的方法,其中的磁场分量沿着所述输电线给出了一个磁通量包络,所述信息在所述磁通量包络中传输。
13.权利要求2的方法,其中的输电线包括一个磁波导,用于所述相干声波类型的信号。
14.权利要求8的方法,其中的输电线包括一个磁波导,用于传输的微波激射器输出。
15.权利要求8的方法,其中的磁场分量包括输电线周围的一个磁场,所述传输步骤还包括从所述微波激射器以足以导致原子在所述磁场中从E1迁移到E2的输出频率,输出所述信息的步骤,所述磁场是跟沿着所述输电线传输的电磁辐射有关的特殊磁矩上的磁场。
16.权利要求1的方法,还包括控制沿着所述输电线的信息传输的步骤。
17.权利要求16的方法,其中的控制步骤包括用一个Q开关控制所述信息传输的步骤。
18.权利要求1的方法,还包括在指定的用户那里有选择地接收传输的信号,从而通过所述输电线在指定的用户之间进行通信的步骤。
19.权利要求18的方法,还包括改变接收传输的信号的指定用户,从而在不同的指定用户之间通过所述输电线进行通信的步骤。
20.权利要求19的方法,其中的接收步骤包括以电感方式将传输的信息从所述输电线耦合出来,从而使指定的用户有选择地接收传输的信息的步骤。
21.权利要求18的方法,其中的接收步骤包括以电感方式将传输的信息从所述输电线耦合出来,使指定的用户能够有选择地接收传输的信息的步骤。
22.权利要求1的方法,其中的信息包括话音信息。
23.权利要求22的方法,其中的用户是电话用户,所述话音信息包括电话话音信息。
24.一种系统,用于在用户之间通过输电线传递信息,所述输电线将电力传递给多个各种用电点,提供电力给所述各种用电点里的电气装置,所述用户在所述用电点内,所述电力是以沿着所述输电线传输的电磁波的形式在所述输电线上传输的,所述电磁辐射有一个电场分量和一个有关的磁场分量,该系统包括在所述电磁辐射的所述磁场分量中传输所述信息,从而在所述用电点的用户之间进行通信的装置;该系统还包括从所述磁场分量有选择地接收传输的信息并将传输的信息提供给至少一个指定的用户,从而在所述用户之间进行信息通信的装置。
25.权利要求24的系统,其中的传输装置包括在所述磁场分量中以相干声波类型的信号的形式传输所述信息的装置。
26.权利要求25的系统,其中的信息传输装置包括一个微波激射器。
27.权利要求24的系统,其中的磁场分量沿着所述输电线给出了一个磁通量包络,该信息传输装置还包括在所述磁通量包络中传输所述信息的装置。
28.权利要求27的系统,其中的传输装置包括在所述磁通量包络中以相干声波类型的信号的形式传输所述信号的装置。
29.权利要求28的系统,其中的信息传输装置还包括一个微波激射器。
30.权利要求24的系统,其中的信息传输装置还包括一个微波激射器。
31.权利要求24的系统,其中沿着所述输电线的电磁辐射包括一个原子数,所述信息传输装置还包括通过将磁能直接泵浦到所述电磁辐射的原子数上去,沿着所述输电线提供翻转的原子数,以有关的原子迁移频率在所述磁场分量中产生声波振荡的装置。
32.权利要求31的系统,其中的磁能泵浦装置包括一个微波激射器。
33.权利要求32的系统,其中的磁场分量沿着所述输电线给出了一个磁通量包络,所述传输装置包括在所述磁通量包络中传输所述信息的装置。
34.权利要求31的系统,其中的磁场分量沿着所述输电线给出了一个磁通量包络,所述传输装置包括在所述磁通量包络中传输所述信息的装置。
35.权利要求25的系统,其中的输电线包括相干声波类型信号的一个磁波导。
36.权利要求30的系统,其中的输电线包括微波激射器输出的一个磁波导。
37.权利要求29的系统,其中的磁场分量包括所述传输线周围的一个磁场,所述传输装置还包括从所述微波激射器,以足以引起跟沿着所述输电线的电磁辐射有关的特殊磁场分量的磁场内的原子从E1迁移到E2的输出频率传输信息的装置。
38.权利要求24的系统,还包括控制沿着所述输电线的所述信息的传输的装置。
39.权利要求38的系统,其中的控制装置包括用一个Q开关控制所述信息传输的装置。
40.权利要求24的系统,其中的控制装置包括合成孔径透镜装置。
41.权利要求40的系统,其中的控制装置还包括跟所述合成孔径透镜装置有关的Q开关装置。
42.权利要求24的系统,还包括改变接收传输的信号的指定用户,从而通过所述传输线在不同指定用户之间传递信息的装置。
43.权利要求42的系统,其中的接收装置包括以电感方式从所述输电线耦合传输的信息,使指定用户能够有选择地接收传输信息的装置。
44.权利要求24的系统,其中的接收装置包括以电感方式从所述传输线耦合传输的信息,使指定用户能够有选择地接收传输信息的装置。
45.权利要求24的系统,其中的信息包括话音信息。
46.权利要求45的系统,其中指定的用户是电话用户,所述话音信息包括电话话音信息。
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US09/074,107 US5982276A (en) | 1998-05-07 | 1998-05-07 | Magnetic field based power transmission line communication method and system |
US09/074,107 | 1998-05-07 |
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CN99808329A Pending CN1311946A (zh) | 1998-05-07 | 1999-05-07 | 基于磁场的输电线通信方法和系统 |
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CN (1) | CN1311946A (zh) |
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TR (1) | TR200100008T2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1999057878A1 (zh) |
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US5982276A (en) | 1999-11-09 |
EP1101348A4 (en) | 2005-07-20 |
WO1999057878A1 (en) | 1999-11-11 |
AP2000001987A0 (en) | 2000-12-31 |
IL139429A (en) | 2005-06-19 |
JP2002514854A (ja) | 2002-05-21 |
CA2331818A1 (en) | 1999-11-11 |
NO20005598L (no) | 2000-12-21 |
BR9910283A (pt) | 2001-01-09 |
AU750344B2 (en) | 2002-07-18 |
CA2331818C (en) | 2007-02-06 |
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