CN1307423A - Fast ionterrelation method for communication system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention features the operation process including equi-spaced sampling input signal and treatment to one complex sequence, processing the inverted sequence of the local code sequence to form one other complex sequence, and convolution operation of the two complex sequences based on fast Fourier transform to obtain one relation sequence. The fast interrelation method of the present invention can obtain all correlation values from only one period of signal and thus has small calculation amount. When ICs are used in operation at the rate greatly faster than real transmission rate, the required calculation time may be further decreased.

Description

Fast correlation method in the communication system

The present invention relates to the method for in the communications field signal being correlated with.

U.S.'s " wireless communication principles and application " (Wireless Communications Principles ﹠amp; Practice, Theodore S.Rappaport, Prentice Hall, inc, 1996) book has been described the method for carrying out channel measurement with spread-spectrum slip correlation technique for 155 pages: in measuring process, transmit leg ceaselessly sends a cycle pseudo-random signal c (t) that reciever is known, reciever is known this signal c (t) that transmit leg sends in advance, but do not know through after the multipath channel, received signal be formed by stacking through the result of different delayed time by several c (t) and their time delay and phase places of process respectively; Reciever uses local code generator from τ ₁Coded signal c (the t-τ that starts working and produce ₁) carry out relevantly with the signal that receives, promptly use c (t-τ ₁) with the signal multiplication that receives after integration, the size of the mould of the integral result by judging plural number determines whether existing and c (t-τ in received signal ₁) the identical signal component of zero-time, simultaneously the argument of this integral result has been indicated the phase shift that c (t) has been produced through this paths transmission back; The recipient adjusts the time delay of own signal generator then, from τ ₂Start working, produce signal c (t-τ ₂), and repeat above-mentioned correlated process, to judge whether there is (t-τ in the received signal with new c ₂) synchronous signal component and determine its phase angle.

(Li Shihe etc. translate at " code division multiple access-spread spectrum communication principle ", the People's Telecon Publishing House, 1997) book is pointed out for 37 pages: at first require in the communication system to send and receive synchronously straight the expansion, promptly to correctly demodulate the data of transmit leg transmission from the recipient, at first must guarantee the synchronous of recipient and transmit leg code generator, this process is called phase acquisition.In this process, transmit leg ceaselessly sends same signal c (t), the recipient with c (t) through after the Channel Transmission with respect to the time delay of local code as a possible hypothesis, possible values of every test (being possible time delay) τ, exactly local code being carried out c as a result (t-τ) behind the time delay τ carries out relevant back with received signal as described above and judge that correlated results is whether above thresholding: if surpassed, then c (t-τ) is synchronous with received signal; If do not surpass thresholding, then the time delay of received signal is not τ.So just finished the test of a possible hypothesis.Because the restriction of resource, test is generally carried out serially: carry out next one test again after each existing incorrect hypothesis is excluded.For the hypothesis of smallest number, test also can be carried out concurrently.Usually these two kinds of methods can be mixed application, i.e. device by utilizing institute to utilize, the part of each all supposed situation of device distribution.

More than the essence of two kinds of methods be the same, promptly carry out relevantly with the result after the local code different delay and received signal, decide the synchronous composition of delaying when in received signal, whether having of local code with this by the size of judging correlated results.

But this method is tested one or several possible time delay at every turn, changes time delay then, and test once more when the time delay quantity that will test is very big, need takes much time and carry out repeatedly relevant; In order to reduce this time, can once test, but can take a large amount of resources like this a plurality of possible time delays.

The objective of the invention is in communication system, to provide a kind of, with the problem that sequence consumes the plenty of time when relevant of growing that solves that prior art exists based on method relevant between the quick sequence of calculation of fast fourier transform.

Fast correlation method in this communication system is characterized in that operating process is:

1, the signal that enters being carried out sampling rate is spreading rate N equal interval sampling doubly:

Carry out the system of demodulation for only multiplying each other, through a low pass filter, carry out equal interval sampling with spreading rate N times sample rate then after the carrier multiplication of received signal and this locality generation, obtain a length and be with a carrier wave and received signal Real sequence, wherein T is the length of pseudo noise code signal, just sends the cycle of signal, T _cWidth for chip; As real part, it is complete zero putting imaginary part with this real sequence, obtains a length and is

The multiplexed input signal sample sequence;

For the system that carries out demodulation with homophase and two carrier waves of quadrature, received signal is divided into two branch roads after entering receiver, the one tunnel with the local carrier multiplication that produces, then by a low pass filter, sample rate with spreading rate N times is carried out equal interval sampling, obtains a length and is

Real sequence, also be the sample sequence of in-phase branch; In another road, the local carrier wave that produces multiplies each other with received signal after through 90 ° of phase shifts, equally by a low pass filter, carries out equal interval sampling with spreading rate N times sample rate then, obtains a length and is

Real sequence, as the sample sequence of quadrature branch; As real part, the sample sequence of quadrature branch is as imaginary part with the sample sequence of in-phase branch, promptly constitutes a length and is

The multiplexed input signal sample sequence;

2, will answer the input sample sequence through handling, form a sequence of complex numbers:

When actual precision of carrying out related request during less than N times of spreading rate, the processing that add the multiple input sample sequence that obtains in above-mentioned 1:

The sample rate of system of setting up departments be N doubly to spreading rate, and the precision of related request is a chip lengths

At this moment, should be with adjacent

Individual sampled data addition obtains new data, that is: first samples The result of individual sampling addition is as first data of new multiple list entries, and + 1 samples The result of individual sampling addition is as second data of new multiple list entries, and + 1 samples

The result of individual sampling addition is as the 3rd data of new multiple list entries ..., the sequence during actual carrying out related calculation is exactly the multiple list entries of being made up of these new data, and its length is

When the precision of related request just in time is N times of spreading rate, i.e. M=N, with regard to the multiplexed input signal sample sequence of front as below the multiple list entries of being correlated with, its length also is

3, the sign indicating number sequence that this locality is produced also forms a sequence of complex numbers:

For the system of code division multiple access (CDMA) binary phase shift keying (BPSK) band spectrum modulation (modulated process sees embodiment 1 for details), promptly when receiving system is wall scroll branch road (first kind of situation in as above-mentioned 1), have only a real pseudo noise code and sample sequence to multiply each other; When receiving system is homophase and two branch roads of quadrature, be same real pseudo noise code with sample sequence multiplies each other, in both cases, use all that this real pseudo noise code signal is carried out sample rate is that M is doubly to the sampling of spreading rate, with this sample sequence is real part, 0 is imaginary part, constitutes a length to be

Multiple pseudo-random code sequence, one or several cycle that promptly just in time covers pseudo noise code;

System for CDMA Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) band spectrum modulation, be that receiving system is made of in-phase branch and quadrature branch, using this moment homophase spread spectrum code sequence and orthogonal intersection sequence are done sample rate is that M is doubly to the sampling of spreading rate, and, constitute a length and be respectively as real part and imaginary part

Multiple pseudo-random code sequence, one or several cycle that promptly just in time covers pseudo noise code;

System for the multiple orthogonal spectrum expansion modulation of CDMA, receiving system is made of in-phase branch and quadrature branch, this moment respectively to the real part of the multiple pseudo noise code signal that spread spectrum adopted and imaginary part carry out sample rate be M doubly to the sampling of spreading rate, and respectively as real part and imaginary part, constitute a length and be

Multiple pseudo-random code sequence, one or several cycle that promptly just in time covers pseudo noise code;

4, to the length that obtains in above-mentioned 3 be Multiple pseudo-random code sequence negate: promptly use first data and

Individual data are exchanged, second data and the

-1 data are exchanged, the 3rd data and the -2 data are exchanged ..., obtain the multiple pseudo-random code sequence of inverted sequence;

5, use fast convolution algorithm to carry out convolution algorithm to the multiple pseudo-random code sequence of multiple list entries and inverted sequence, promptly obtain the sequence as a result of related operation based on fast fourier transform.

In the process of carrying out fast correlation, the inverted sequence sequence of the sign indicating number sequence that this locality can be produced was just finished step 3 and step 4 before the related operation that carries out reality, its transformation results that obtains is stored away, when the related operation of reality, can skip these two steps and directly carry out the calculating of step 5, when real-time calculation requirement relevant speed as quickly as possible, processing can be saved a part of amount of calculation like this.

The length of sampling can also can be the integral multiple of this minimum period for the minimum period of the pseudo noise code signal of minimum, to increase correlation length, improves signal to noise ratio.

The fast correlation method is not limited to adopt any concrete fast convolution algorithm based on fast fourier transform, under different actual conditionses, can adopt different algorithms, various fast convolution algorithm can be referring to " fast algorithm " (Jiang Zengrong, Ceng Yonghong, Yu Pinneng, publishing house of the National University of Defense technology, and " Digital Signal Processing " (Wang Shiyi chapter 1), publishing house of Beijing Institute of Technology, 1987, the 99-102 page or leaf).

Use method recited above, can once obtain the correlation corresponding with the time delay of carrying out relevant sequence length.

But under some occasions, it is so not big that the actual time delay of signal is also asked, and needn't obtain so many correlations, simultaneously, might have many group of received signal all to need to carry out relevantly with same known signal, and can carry out relevant merging into once repeatedly this moment:

If sequence length is N, need be correlated with count for

And supposition K can divide exactly N, in addition, the input of K group signal arranged, and needs carry out relevant with same sequence simultaneously; Can followingly handle this moment: first group of signal placed by the result who samples; Second group of signal placed in proper order according to the result of sampling earlier, then with this sequence cyclic shift to the right

Individual point; The 3rd group of signal placed in proper order according to the result of sampling earlier, then with this sequence cyclic shift to the right

Individual point; By that analogy, last group is placed in proper order according to result of sampling, then with this sequence cyclic shift to the right Individual point; K sequence corresponding points addition with gained like this obtains a sequence, and when relevant, relevant with regard to carrying out with this sequence and known sequences, correlation is sequence as a result, and is corresponding with the result of each sequence as follows: the 0th to -1 correlation is corresponding to the correlation of first sequence and known array; The

Individual to

-1 correlation is corresponding to the correlation of second sequence and known array; The Individual to the correlation of N-1 correlation corresponding to K sequence and known array.

Compare with existing method, the advantage of fast correlation method of the present invention is:

Tradition slip correlation technique whenever carries out the time T that a correlations needs a correlation length, supposes the test that at every turn can carry out n hypothesis time delay, is spaced apart Δ between per two time delays, and promptly one is total

Individual time delay will be tested, and needs so altogether

Correlations could all be tested one time all possible time delay, and the time of requirement is Promptly, reduce this time, under the situation of given T and Δ, have only increase n, but the resource that takies like this increase with n also with being directly proportional with square being directly proportional of correlation time; And fast correlation method of the present invention only need obtain the signal that length is one-period from channel, just can obtain all correlations by related operation; When correlation length was long, the order of magnitude that need carry out amount of calculation was When wherein M was illustrated in fast correlation, what carry out was the fast fourier transform of basic M; Like this, when actual sequence was long, the order of magnitude of the required amount of calculation of fast correlation method of the present invention was littler than the order of magnitude of traditional required amount of calculation of method.And, because the development of very lagre scale integrated circuit (VLSIC), present integrated circuit can carry out computing with the speed more faster than actual transfer rate, and traditional correlation technique can only carry out correlation computations with the speed of actual transmissions, like this, by contrast, the required time of fast correlation method will further reduce.

Below be embodiments of the invention.

Embodiment 1: the quick seizure of code division multiple access (CDMA) binary phase shift keying (BPSK) communication system for modulation.

Accompanying drawing 1 is the modulation flow chart of the cdma system of BPSK modulation, and Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram based on the capture system of the inventive method, and Fig. 3 is the flow chart that carries out the fast convolution computing.

In flow process shown in Figure 1, the data 1 of transmission are complete 1 in the stage of catching; The real-valued spread-spectrum signal c (t) of finite length constantly repeats to form signal 2; Data 1 form signal 3 with the product of signal 2; Again with the carrier wave 4 that is used to modulate multiply each other the signal 5 that sends to the end.

In the stage of catching, transmit leg is constantly repeatedly sent the coded signal c (t) of finite length into channel, forms the one-period signal

(t), the length of supposing c (t) is 256 chip width, and it has following form after transmit leg process carrier modulation: $\sqrt{2E_c}\tilde{c}\left(t\right)\cos \left({\mathrm{\ω}}_{0}t\right)$ ω wherein ₀Be carrier frequency, the signal that transmits the arrival recipient through channel is: $\sqrt{2E_c}\mathrm{\α}\tilde{c}(t-\mathrm{\τ})\cos ({\mathrm{\ω}}_0(t-\mathrm{\τ})+\mathrm{\ψ})$ Wherein τ is the time delay of signal from transmit leg to recipient's process, and ψ is the phase shift that takes place in channel, and real number α is the decay that signal takes place on the amplitude when propagating in channel.

Capture system based on the inventive method comprises: local carrier generator 7, low pass filter 11, analog/digital converter 12, the digital signal processor (DSP) 15 that is used to carry out FFT conversion, FFT inverse transformation and other processing.

In capture system Fig. 2, carrier signal 8 by 7 generations of local carrier generator, through obtaining local carrier signal 10 behind 90 ° of phase shifter modules 9 through 90 ° of phase shifts, after the input signal 6 that the recipient receives multiplies each other with carrier signal 8 and through the carrier signal 10 after 90 ° of phase shifts respectively through low pass filter 11, the I road signal 13 (Y after obtaining sampling by analog/digital converter 12 again ^(I)) and Q road signal 14 (Y ^(Q)), carry out the 15 pairs of signals 13 of digital signal processor (DSP) and the signal 14 of fast convolution computing and handle the output m-m that obtains capture-process ₁Be signal 16; Two mutually orthogonal carrier waves that the recipient produces with local carrier generator 7 and 90 ° of phase shifters 9 and received signal

Cos (ω ₀T), Sin (ω ₀T) multiply each other, the two paths of signals after will multiplying each other by carrying out the analog/digital sampling after the low pass filter 11, forms the two paths of signals that is used for carrying out relevant treatment: Y respectively ^(I)And Y ^(Q)The precision of getting seizure is Individual chip width; The sampling rate of supposing system is 8 times of code check, and the value of adjacent 8 samplings is asked arithmetic average, with as a value in the sequence of carrying out relevant treatment; The sequence of carrying out fast correlation below is the point of 512 this processing of process, and each point is corresponding

Individual chip width just in time covers

(t) one-period, the sequence of handling when promptly relevant are two corresponding chip width of sampling.Following processing all is at carrying out through the sequence that obtains after the top processing:

If

(n) be the sign indicating number sequence, just right (t) result who samples, its cycle is 512, corresponding to (t) one-period, i.e. two points of each chip samples.

In the flow chart 3 that carries out the fast convolution computing, step 17 is carried out above-mentioned processing for analog/digital is sampled, and two input signals are consisted of a complex signal s (n), promptly use the real part of top one road signal as s (n), below one road signal as the imaginary part of s (n): $s\left(n\right)=Y^{\left(I\right)}+{\mathrm{jY}}^{\left(Q\right)}=K\tilde{c}(n-m)\&lsqb;\cos ({\mathrm{\&omega;}}_0\mathrm{\&tau;}-\mathrm{\&psi;})+j\sin ({\mathrm{\&omega;}}_0\mathrm{\&tau;}-\mathrm{\&psi;})\&rsqb;$ $=K\tilde{c}(n-m)(\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}^{\&prime;}+j\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}^{\&prime;})$ Wherein K is a constant; S (n) is asked relevant: $r\left(m_1\right)=\underset{n=0}{\overset{511}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}s\left(n\right)\tilde{c}(n-m_1)$ $=K(\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}^{\&prime;}+j\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}^{\&prime;})\underset{n=0}{\overset{511}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\tilde{c}(n-m)\tilde{c}(n-m_1)$ $=K(\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}^{\&prime;}+j\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}^{\&prime;})\underset{n=-m}{\overset{511-m}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\tilde{c}\left(n\right)\tilde{c}(n-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="m"\; filenames="A0010136700191.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}_1+m)$ $=K(\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}^{\&prime;}+j\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}^{\&prime;})\underset{n=0}{\overset{511}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\tilde{c}\left(n\right)\tilde{c}(n-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="m"\; filenames="A0010136700191.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}_1+m,\mathrm{mod}512)$ Order $\tilde{d}\left(n\right)=\tilde{c}(-n),$ Then: $r\left(m_1\right)=K(\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}^{\&prime;}+j\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}^{\&prime;})\underset{n=0}{\overset{511}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\tilde{c}\left(n\right)\tilde{c}(n-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="m"\; filenames="A0010136700191.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}_1+m,\mathrm{mod}512)$ $=K(\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}^{\&prime;}+j\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}^{\&prime;})\underset{n=0}{\overset{511}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\tilde{c}\left(n\right)\tilde{d}(-n+m_1-m,\mathrm{mod}512)----\left(1\right)$ Formula (1) is the form of periodic convolution, can pass through periodic signal

The sampling of one-period (n) is carried out periodic convolution and is obtained all correlations in the formula (1).

Because the characteristic of spreading code: $\underset{n=0}{\overset{511}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\tilde{c}\left(n\right)\tilde{c}(n-l+m)={\mathrm{\&delta;}}_{l,m}$ Promptly work as m=m ₁The time, corresponding correlation is very big, so can find the m-m corresponding with maximum related value in the sequence of correlation values from formula (1) ₁, this m-m ₁It is exactly the delay inequality between recipient and the transmit leg; Code generator to the recipient is adjusted, and makes it produce m-m ₁Time delay, thereby reach with received signal synchronously.

In Fig. 3, step 18 is that 512 plural FFT conversion obtains S (k) for complex signal s (n) being carried out length; Step 19 is for using S (k) with right (n) carrying out length is to obtain R (k) after C as a result (k) corresponding element after 512 the plural FFT conversion multiplies each other, and in conversion, gets list entries

(n) real part is

(512-n), imaginary part is 0; Step 20 is that 512 plural anti-FFT conversion obtains r (n) for R (K) being done length; Step 21 is found out the time delay m-m of maximum norm correspondence for r (n) is scanned ₁The signal Y that signal 22 obtains for the sampling through analog/digital ^(I)The signal Y that signal 23 obtains for the sampling through analog/digital ^(Q)Signal 24 is the m-m of output ₁, promptly the received signal that obtains from capture-process is with respect to the time delay size of local signal.

The quick seizure of embodiment 2:CDMA Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) modulation communication system.

Fig. 4 is the modulation flow chart of the cdma system of QPSK modulation.

The data 25 that send are complete 1 in the stage of catching; The real-valued spread-spectrum signal c of finite length _I(t) constantly repeat to form signal 26; The real-valued spread-spectrum signal c of finite length _Q(t) constantly repeat to form signal 27; Data 25 form signal 28 with the product of signal 26; Data 25 form signal 29 with the product of signal 27; The carrier wave 30 that is used to modulate is a carrier wave 31 through the result of 90 ° of phase shifts; Signal 28 carries out addition of algebra with carrier wave 30 multiplied result and signal 29 with carrier wave 31 multiplied result and gets the signal 32 that sends to the end; In the seizure stage, transmit leg is with the sign indicating number sequence c of finite length _I(t) and c _Q(t) constantly repeatedly send into channel, form the one-period signal

(t), the length of supposing c (t) is 256 chip width, and it has following form after transmit leg process carrier modulation: $\sqrt{2E_c}\&lsqb;{\tilde{c}}_I\left(t\right)\cos \left({\mathrm{\&omega;}}_{0}t\right)+{\tilde{c}}_Q\left(t\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&omega;}}_{0}t\right)\&rsqb;$ ω wherein ₀It is carrier frequency; It transmits the back through channel and arrives the recipient, and the signal that the recipient receives is: $\sqrt{2E_c}\mathrm{\&alpha;}\&lsqb;{\tilde{c}}_I(t-\mathrm{\&tau;})\cos ({\mathrm{\&omega;}}_0(t-\mathrm{\&tau;})+\mathrm{\&psi;})+{\tilde{c}}_Q(t-\mathrm{\&tau;})\sin ({\mathrm{\&omega;}}_0(t-\mathrm{\&tau;})+\mathrm{\&psi;})\&rsqb;$ Wherein τ is the time delay of signal from transmit leg to recipient's process, and ψ is the phase shift that takes place in channel, the decay that real number α takes place on the amplitude when propagating in channel.

Capture system in the present embodiment and method of attachment and are adopted similarly to Example 1 processing still as shown in Figure 2.

If $\tilde{c}\left(n\right)={\tilde{c}}_I\left(n\right)+j{\tilde{c}}_Q\left(n\right)$ Be the sign indicating number sequence, just right $\tilde{c}\left(t\right)={\tilde{c}}_I\left(t\right)+j{\tilde{c}}_Q\left(t\right)$ The result who samples, its cycle is 512, corresponding to

(t) one-period, promptly each chip is adopted two points.The flow process of carrying out the fast convolution computing also still as shown in Figure 3.Identical among the processing of step 17 and the embodiment 1, the s that obtains (n) is: $s\left(n\right)=Y^{\left(I\right)}+j{Y}^{\left(Q\right)}=K\&lsqb;{\tilde{c}}_I(n-m)+j{\tilde{c}}_Q(n-m)\&rsqb;\&lsqb;\cos ({\mathrm{\&omega;}}_0\mathrm{\&tau;}-\mathrm{\&psi;})+j\sin ({\mathrm{\&omega;}}_0\mathrm{\&tau;}-\mathrm{\&psi;})\&rsqb;$ $=K\&lsqb;{\tilde{c}}_I(n-m)+j{\tilde{c}}_Q(n-m)\&rsqb;(\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}^{\&prime;}+j\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}^{\&prime;})$ Ask relevant: $r\left(m_1\right)=\underset{n=0}{\overset{511}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}s\left(n\right){\tilde{c}}^{*}(n-m_1)$ $=K(\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}^{\&prime;}+j\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}^{\&prime;})\underset{n=0}{\overset{511}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\tilde{c}(n-m){\tilde{c}}^{*}(n-m_1)$ $=K(\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}^{\&prime;}+j\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}^{\&prime;})\underset{n=-m}{\overset{511-m}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\tilde{c}\left(n\right){\tilde{c}}^{*}(n-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="m"\; filenames="A0010136700191.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}_1+m)$ $=K(\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}^{\&prime;}+j\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}^{\&prime;})\underset{n=0}{\overset{511}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\tilde{c}\left(n\right){\tilde{c}}^{*}(n-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="m"\; filenames="A0010136700191.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}_1+m,\mathrm{mod}512)$ Order $\tilde{d}\left(n\right)=\tilde{c}(-n),$ Then: $r\left(m_1\right)=K(\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}^{\&prime;}+j\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}^{\&prime;})\underset{n=0}{\overset{511}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\tilde{c}\left(n\right){\tilde{c}}^{*}(n-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="m"\; filenames="A0010136700191.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}_1+m,\mathrm{mod}512)$ $=K(\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}^{\&prime;}+j\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}^{\&prime;})\underset{n=0}{\overset{511}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\tilde{c}\left(n\right){\tilde{d}}^{*}(-n+m_1-m,\mathrm{mod}512)----\left(2\right)$ Formula (2) is the form of periodic convolution, can pass through periodic signal The sampling of one-period (n) carries out can obtaining in the periodic convolution all correlations in the formula (2).

Because the characteristic of spreading code: $\underset{n=0}{\overset{511}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\tilde{c}\left(n\right){\tilde{c}}^{*}(n-l+m)={\mathrm{\&delta;}}_{l,m}$ Promptly work as m=m ₁The time, corresponding correlation is very big, so can find the m-m corresponding with maximum related value in the sequence of correlation values from formula (2) ₁, and this m-m ₁It is exactly the delay inequality between recipient and the transmit leg.To the recipient code generator adjust, make it produce m-m ₁Time delay, thereby can reach with received signal synchronously.For present embodiment, the step 19 among Fig. 3 is for using S (k) with right

(n) carrying out length is to obtain R (k) after C as a result (k) corresponding element after 512 the plural FFT conversion multiplies each other, and in conversion, gets list entries

(n) real part is

(512-n), imaginary part be-

(512-n).Other step all with embodiment 1 in identical.The quick seizure of the multiple orthogonal spectrum expansion modulating system of embodiment 3:CDMA.

Fig. 5 is the modulation flow chart of the cdma system of multiple orthogonal spectrum expansion modulation.In this modulation flow process, the data 33 of transmission are complete 1 in the stage of catching; Finite length complex spread spectrum signal c (t)=c _I(t)+jc _Q(t) constantly repeat to form signal 34; Data 33 form multiple spread spectrum result--signal 35 with the product of signal 34; Next, above a branch road corresponding to in-phase branch, below a branch road corresponding to quadrature branch, module 36 is got the real part computing, module 37 is got imaginary-part operation; Signal 38 is multiple spread spectrum result's real part, and signal 39 is multiple spread spectrum result's imaginary part; The carrier wave 40 that is used to modulate forms carrier wave 41 through the result of 90 ° of phase shifts; On the in-phase branch on signal 38 and carrier wave 40 multiplied result and the quadrature branch signal 39 carry out addition of algebra with carrier wave 41 multiplied result and get the signal 42 that sends to the end.In the stage of catching, transmit leg is with sign indicating number sequence c (the t)=c of finite length _I(t)+jc _Q(t) constantly repeatedly send into channel, form the one-period signal (t); The length of supposing c (t) is 256 chip width, it transmit leg through after the carrier modulation and by after the Channel Transmission form all identical with embodiment 1.

If

Be the sign indicating number sequence, just right

The result who samples, its cycle is 512, corresponding to

(t) one-period, promptly each chip is adopted two points.

The flow process of carrying out the fast convolution computing still as shown in Figure 3.Below each step and realize principle and embodiment 2 in identical.

Embodiment 4: channel measurement in the communication system.

Present embodiment still adopts the modulation flow process of the cdma system of the modulation of QPSK shown in the accompanying drawing 4, and process of transmitting and the signal that sends thereof are all identical with embodiment 2.If channel is the finite response system of linear time invariant in measuring process, its impulse response is: $h\left(t\right)=\underset{k=1}{\overset{m}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_k\mathrm{\&delta;}(t-{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_k)$ Wherein M is the channel multi-path number, α _kBe the plural fading factor in k footpath, its mould is the amplitude fading coefficient, and phase angle is take place on the phase place mobile, τ _kIt is the time delay in k footpath.Transmitting the signal that arrives the recipient through channel is: $\sqrt{2E_c}\underset{k=1}{\overset{m}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_k\&lsqb;{\tilde{c}}_I(t-{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_k)\cos ({\mathrm{\&omega;}}_0(t-{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_k)+{\mathrm{\&psi;}}_k)+{\tilde{c}}_Q(t-{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_k)\sin ({\mathrm{\&omega;}}_0(t-{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_k)+{\mathrm{\&psi;}}_k)\&rsqb;$ Capture system in the present embodiment and method of attachment and are adopted similarly to Example 1 processing still as shown in Figure 2.

Choosing of sign indicating number sequence is also identical with embodiment 2.

The flow chart that carries out the fast convolution computing is still as shown in Figure 3: the same among step 17 and the embodiment 2, and the s that obtains (n) is: $s\left(n\right)=Y^{\left(I\right)}+{\mathrm{jY}}^{\left(Q\right)}=K\underset{k=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_k\&lsqb;{\tilde{c}}_I(n-m_k)+j{\tilde{c}}_Q(n-m_k)\&rsqb;\&lsqb;\cos \left({\mathrm{\&omega;}}_0{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_k\right)+j\sin \left({\mathrm{\&omega;}}_0{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_k\right)\&rsqb;$ $=K\underset{k=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_k\&lsqb;{\tilde{c}}_I(n-m_k)+j{\tilde{c}}_Q(n-m_k)\&rsqb;(\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_k^{\&prime;}+j\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_k^{\&prime;})$ Ask relevant: $r\left(l\right)=\underset{n=0}{\overset{511}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}s\left(n\right){\tilde{c}}^{*}(n-l)$ $=K\underset{k=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_k(\cos {{\mathrm{\&phi;}}_k}^{\&prime;}+j\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_k^{\&prime;})\underset{n=0}{\overset{511}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\tilde{c}(n-m_k){\tilde{c}}^{*}(n-l)$ $=K\underset{k=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_k(\cos {{\mathrm{\&phi;}}_k}^{\&prime;}+j\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_k^{\&prime;})\underset{n=-1}{\overset{511-1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\tilde{c}(n-m_k+l){\tilde{c}}^{*}\left(n\right)$ $=K\underset{k=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_k(\cos {{\mathrm{\&phi;}}_k}^{\&prime;}+j\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_k^{\&prime;})\underset{n=0}{\overset{511}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\tilde{c}(n-m_k+l,\mathrm{mod}512){\tilde{c}}^{*}\left(n\right)----\left(4\right)$ $r\left(n\right)=K\underset{k=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_k(\cos {{\mathrm{\&phi;}}_k}^{\&prime;}+j\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_k^{\&prime;})\underset{n=0}{\overset{511}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\tilde{c}(n-m_k+l,\mathrm{mod}512){\tilde{c}}^{*}\left(n\right)$ Order $\tilde{d}\left(n\right)=\tilde{c}(-n),$ Then: $r\left(l\right)=K\underset{k=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_k(\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_k^{\&prime;}+j\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_k^{\&prime;})\underset{n=0}{\overset{511}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\tilde{c}(n-m_k+l,\mathrm{mod}512){\tilde{c}}^{*}\left(n\right)$ $=K\underset{k=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_k(\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_k^{\&prime;}+j\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_k^{\&prime;})\underset{n=0}{\overset{511}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\tilde{c}(n-m_k+l,\mathrm{mod}512){\tilde{d}}^{*}(-n)----\left(5\right)$ Formula (5) is the form of periodic convolution, by to periodic signal

Periodic convolution is carried out in the sampling of one-period (n) can obtain all correlations in the formula (5).

Because the characteristic of pseudo noise code: $\underset{n=0}{\overset{511}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\tilde{c}\left(n\right){\tilde{c}}^{*}(n-l+m)={\mathrm{\&delta;}}_{l,m}$ Promptly work as m=m ₁The time, corresponding correlation is very big.So in the sequence of correlation values of formula (4) following characteristic is arranged: work as l=m _kThe time, promptly local pseudo noise code time delay l-m _kBack and the signal Synchronization that arrives the recipient through the k paths, the correlation of this moment is K α _k(cos

+ jsin

), the just in time corresponding channel response of k paths; And as l and any one m _kWhen all unequal, corresponding correlation is smaller.Like this, the sequence of correlation values that obtains is scanned, just can obtain the channel corresponding to time-delay from 512 correlations is 0 information to the different paths of pseudo-random code sequence length.

For present embodiment, the step 18 among Fig. 3 is all identical with embodiment 2 to step 21, and signal 24 is the l-m of scanning output _kWith the correlation of their correspondences, i.e. the channel information that obtains of channel measurement.

Embodiment 5: the channel measurement under the double antenna condition.

Fig. 6 is the system block diagram that carries out channel measurement, the process chart of Fig. 7 for carrying out in digital signal processor.

Present embodiment still adopts the modulation flow process of the cdma system of QPSK modulation shown in Figure 4, the signal of its process of transmitting, transmission, the channel that passes through and signal form that receiving terminal receives all with embodiment 4 in identical, but, suppose that the signal of receiving on first antenna is because receiving terminal has two antennas: $\sqrt{2E_c}\underset{k=1}{\overset{m}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_{k,1}\&lsqb;{\tilde{c}}_I(t-{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_{k,1})\cos ({\mathrm{\&omega;}}_0(t-{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_{k,1})+{\mathrm{\&psi;}}_{k,1})+{\tilde{c}}_Q(t-{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_{k,1})\sin ({\mathrm{\&omega;}}_0(t-{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_{k,1})+{\mathrm{\&psi;}}_{k,1})\&rsqb;$ The signal of receiving on second antenna is: $\sqrt{2E_c}\underset{k=1}{\overset{m}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_{k,2}\&lsqb;{\tilde{c}}_I(t-{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_{k,2})\cos ({\mathrm{\&omega;}}_0(t-{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_{k,2})+{\mathrm{\&psi;}}_{k,2})+{\tilde{c}}_Q(t-{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_{k,2})\sin ({\mathrm{\&omega;}}_0(t-{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_{k,2})+{\mathrm{\&psi;}}_{k,2})\&rsqb;$ Here putative signal time delay of process in channel is no more than the transmission signal period

In dual-antenna system, comprise: local carrier generator 7, low pass filter 11, analog/digital converter 12, the DSP49 that is used to carry out FFT conversion, FFT inverse transformation and other processing based on the capture system of the inventive method.Be with the difference of capture system method of attachment among the front embodiment 4: low pass filter, analog/digital converter all have two covers, and the signal that two antennas are received is handled respectively, two groups of sampling Y that obtain ^(I)And Y ^(Q)All sending into DSP handles.Represent with input signal 43 and input signal 46 respectively from the signal that double antenna receives, through with embodiment 4 same treatment after, corresponding to the signal of first via antenna, the result of sampling is I road signal 44 (Y ₁ ^(I)) and Q road signal 45 (Y ₁ ^(Q)), corresponding to the signal of No. the second antenna, the result of sampling is I road signal 47 (Y ₂ ^(I)) and Q road signal 48 (Y ₂ ^(Q)); These sampled signals are all sent into the DSP-module 49 of carrying out the fast convolution computing, it is handled the delayed data of each the bar multipath that obtains in the channel--signal 51.

The recipient carries out carrier multiplication, low-pass filtering, sampling to the received signal and forms complex sequences, the process that generates local complex code sequence all with embodiment 4 in identical.

The flow process of carrying out the fast convolution computing is as shown in Figure 7: the input signal that step 51 pair is come from two antennas carries out the processing identical with embodiment 2, and signal 44 and signal 45 are obtained s ₁(n): $s_1\left(n\right)=Y_1^{\left(I\right)}+j{Y}_1^{\left(Q\right)}=K\underset{k=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_{k,1}\&lsqb;{\tilde{c}}_I(n-m_{k,1})+j{\tilde{c}}_Q(n-m_{k,1})\&rsqb;\&lsqb;\cos \left({\mathrm{\&omega;}}_0{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_{k,1}\right)+j\sin \left({\mathrm{\&omega;}}_0{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_{k,1}\right)\&rsqb;$ $=K\underset{k=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_{k,1}\&lsqb;{\tilde{c}}_I(n-m_{k,1})+j{\tilde{c}}_Q(n-m_{k,1})\&rsqb;(\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_{k,1}^{\&prime;}+j\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_{k,1}^{\&prime;})$ In the same way signal 47 and signal 48 are consisted of another complex signal s ₂(n): $s_2\left(n\right)=Y_2^{\left(I\right)}+{\mathrm{jY}}_2^{\left(Q\right)}=K\underset{k=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_{k,2}\&lsqb;{\tilde{c}}_I(n-m_{k,2})+j{\tilde{c}}_Q(n-m_{k,2})\&rsqb;\&lsqb;\cos \left({\mathrm{\&omega;}}_0{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_{k,2}\right)+j\sin \left({\mathrm{\&omega;}}_0{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_{k,2}\right)\&rsqb;$ $=K\underset{k=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_{k,2}\&lsqb;{\tilde{c}}_I(n-m_{k,2})+j{\tilde{c}}_Q(n-m_{k,2})\&rsqb;(\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_{k,2}^{\&prime;}+j\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_{k,2}^{\&prime;})$ At last these two complex signals are synthesized a complex signal:

S (n)=s ₁(n)+s ₂(n+256, mod512) ask relevant: $r\left(l\right)=\underset{n=0}{\overset{511}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}s\left(n\right){\tilde{c}}^{*}(n-l)$ $=\underset{n=0}{\overset{511}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{s}_1\left(n\right){\tilde{c}}^{*}(n-l)+\underset{n=0}{\overset{511}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{s}_2(n+256,\mathrm{mod}512){\tilde{c}}^{*}(n-l)$ Order $\tilde{d}\left(n\right)=\tilde{c}(-n),$ Then: $r\left(n\right)=\underset{n=0}{\overset{511}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{s}_1(n+l,\mathrm{mod}512){\tilde{c}}^{*}\left(n\right)+\underset{n=0}{\overset{511}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{s}_2(n+l+256,\mathrm{mod}512){\tilde{c}}^{*}\left(n\right)$ $=\underset{n=0}{\overset{511}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\&lsqb;s_1(n+l,\mathrm{mod}512)+s_2(n+l+256,\mathrm{mod}512)\&rsqb;{\tilde{d}}^{*}(-n)----\left(6\right)$ Formula (6) is the form of periodic convolution, by to periodic signal Periodic convolution is carried out in the sampling of one-period (n) can obtain all correlations in the formula (6).

The principle and the embodiment 4 that are obtained channel conditions by the characteristic of pseudo noise code are as good as, the difference here mainly is: because the time delay distribution scope of channel has only sequence length half, the time delay distribution of first antenna receiving signal is in the 0th to the 255th value in the sequence as a result, and simultaneously, because second antenna receiving signal first antenna receiving signal relatively carried out the cyclic shift of 256 values, its time delay is distributed in the 256th to the 511st value in the sequence as a result like this.

Step 18 is all consistent with corresponding step among the embodiment 2 to step 51 among present embodiment Fig. 7.Step 52 is found out bigger correlation of each vector length and corresponding time delay l-m thereof for r (n) is scanned _k, wherein, the situation less than 256 corresponding to first antenna receiving signal, the situation corresponding to second antenna receiving signal more than or equal to 256 corresponds to actual time time-delay, these values of 256 to 511 be deducted 256 to correspond to 0 to 255 time delay; The I road sampling of the signal that first antenna that signal 44 and signal 45 obtain for the sampling through analog/digital receives and the sampling of Q road; The I road sampling of the signal that second antenna that signal 47 and signal 48 obtain for the sampling through analog/digital receives and the sampling of Q road; Signal 53 divides other l-m for obtaining two antennas through step 52 scanning _kWith the correlation of correspondence, i.e. the channel information that obtains of channel measurement.

Claims (5)

1, the fast correlation method in a kind of communication system is characterized in that operating process is:

(1), the signal that enters being carried out sampling rate is spreading rate N equal interval sampling doubly:

Carry out the system of demodulation for only multiplying each other, through a low pass filter, carry out equal interval sampling with spreading rate N times sample rate then after the carrier multiplication of received signal and this locality generation, obtain a length and be with a carrier wave and received signal

Real sequence, wherein T is the length of pseudo noise code signal, just sends the cycle of signal, T _cWidth for chip; As real part, it is complete zero putting imaginary part with this real sequence, obtains a length and is The multiplexed input signal sample sequence;

For the system that carries out demodulation with homophase and two carrier waves of quadrature, received signal is divided into two branch roads after entering receiver, the one tunnel with the local carrier multiplication that produces, then by a low pass filter, sample rate with spreading rate N times is carried out equal interval sampling, obtains a length and is

Real sequence, also be the sample sequence of in-phase branch; In another road, the local carrier wave that produces multiplies each other with received signal after through 90 ° of phase shifts, equally by a low pass filter, carries out equal interval sampling with spreading rate N times sample rate then, obtains a length and is Real sequence, as the sample sequence of quadrature branch; As real part, the sample sequence of quadrature branch is as imaginary part with the sample sequence of in-phase branch, constitutes a length and is

The multiplexed input signal sample sequence;

(2), will answer the input sample sequence through handling, form a sequence of complex numbers:

When actual precision of carrying out related request during less than N times of spreading rate, the processing that the multiple input sample sequence that obtains in above-mentioned 1 is added:

The sample rate of system of setting up departments be N doubly to spreading rate, and the precision of related request is a chip lengths

At this moment, with adjacent

Individual sampled data addition obtains new data, and promptly first samples The result of individual sampling addition is as first data of new multiple list entries, and + 1 samples The result of individual sampling addition is as second data of new multiple list entries, and

+ 1 samples

The result of individual sampling addition is as the 3rd data of new multiple list entries ..., the sequence during actual carrying out related calculation is exactly the multiple list entries of being made up of these new data, and its length is

When the precision of related request just in time is N times of spreading rate, i.e. M=N, with regard to the multiplexed input signal sample sequence of front as below the multiple list entries of being correlated with, its length also is

(3), the inverted sequence sequence of the sign indicating number sequence that this locality is produced also forms a sequence of complex numbers:

For the system of code division multiple access (CDMA) binary phase shift keying (BPSK) band spectrum modulation, promptly when receiving system is the wall scroll branch road, have only a real pseudo noise code and sample sequence to multiply each other; When receiving system is homophase and two branch roads of quadrature, be same real pseudo noise code with sample sequence multiplies each other, all use to this real pseudo noise code signal carry out sample rate be M doubly to the sampling of spreading rate, be real part with this sample sequence, 0 for length of imaginary part formation is Multiple pseudo-random code sequence;

For the system of CDMA Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) band spectrum modulation, use to homophase spread spectrum code sequence and orthogonal intersection sequence do sample rate be M doubly to the sampling of spreading rate, and respectively as real part and imaginary part, constitute a length and be

Multiple pseudo-random code sequence;

For the system of the multiple orthogonal spectrum expansion modulation of CDMA, respectively to the real part of the multiple pseudo noise code signal that spread spectrum adopted and imaginary part carry out sample rate be M doubly to the sampling of spreading rate, and respectively as real part and imaginary part, constitute a length and be

Multiple pseudo-random code sequence;

(4), to the length that obtains in above-mentioned 3 be

Multiple pseudo-random code sequence negate, obtain the multiple pseudo-random code sequence of inverted sequence;

(5), use fast convolution algorithm to carry out convolution algorithm, obtain the sequence as a result of related operation based on fast fourier transform to the multiple pseudo-random code sequence of multiple list entries and inverted sequence.

2, the fast correlation method in the communication system according to claim 1, be characterised in that in the process of carrying out fast correlation, the inverted sequence sequence of the sign indicating number sequence that this locality is produced was just finished step 3 and step 4 before the related operation that carries out reality, its transformation results that obtains is stored away, when the related operation of reality, can skip these two steps and directly carry out the calculating of step 5.

3, the fast correlation method in the communication system according to claim 1 is characterised in that the minimum period of the length of described sampling for minimum pseudo noise code signal.

4, the fast correlation method in the communication system according to claim 1 is characterised in that the integral multiple of the length of described sampling for this minimum period.

5, the fast correlation method in the communication system according to claim 1 is characterised in that in the process of carrying out fast correlation will repeatedly be correlated with to merge into once and carry out: establishing sequence length be N, need be correlated with count for And supposition K can divide exactly N, and the input of K group signal is arranged, and needs carry out relevant with same sequence simultaneously; Can followingly handle: first group of signal placed by the result who samples; Second group of signal placed in proper order according to the result of sampling earlier, then with this sequence cyclic shift to the right

Individual point; The 3rd group of signal placed in proper order according to the result of sampling earlier, then with this sequence cyclic shift to the right

Individual point; By that analogy, last group is placed in proper order according to result of sampling, then with this sequence cyclic shift to the right

Individual point; The K of gained sequence corresponding points addition obtains a sequence, when relevant, just carries out relevant with this sequence with known sequences; Correlation is sequence as a result, and is corresponding with the result of each sequence as follows: the 0th to

-1 correlation is corresponding to the correlation of first sequence and known array; The Individual to

-1 correlation is corresponding to the correlation of second sequence and known array; The

Individual to the correlation of N-1 correlation corresponding to K sequence and known array.

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