CN1307062C - 汽车轴身上的车轮支承 - Google Patents

汽车轴身上的车轮支承 Download PDF

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CN1307062C
CN1307062C CNB028243323A CN02824332A CN1307062C CN 1307062 C CN1307062 C CN 1307062C CN B028243323 A CNB028243323 A CN B028243323A CN 02824332 A CN02824332 A CN 02824332A CN 1307062 C CN1307062 C CN 1307062C
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central siphon
end section
wheel
wheel support
axle
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CN1599671A (zh
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霍贝尔特·B·科施纳特
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SAF Holland GmbH
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Otto Sauer Achsenfabrik Keilberg KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
    • B60B35/004—Mounting arrangements for axles
    • B60B35/006—Mounting arrangements for axles with mounting plates or consoles fitted to axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
    • B60B35/02—Dead axles, i.e. not transmitting torque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B2310/00—Manufacturing methods
    • B60B2310/30—Manufacturing methods joining
    • B60B2310/305—Manufacturing methods joining by screwing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B2310/00—Manufacturing methods
    • B60B2310/30—Manufacturing methods joining
    • B60B2310/306—Manufacturing methods joining by clamping or wedging, e.g. by clamping inserts as joining means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
    • B60G2206/01—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
    • B60G2206/50—Constructional features of wheel supports or knuckles, e.g. steering knuckles, spindle attachments
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49481—Wheel making
    • Y10T29/49483—Railway or trolley wheel making
    • Y10T29/49485—Multiple part or composite
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49481—Wheel making
    • Y10T29/49483—Railway or trolley wheel making
    • Y10T29/49485—Multiple part or composite
    • Y10T29/49487—Multiple part or composite with axle or hub
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49481—Wheel making
    • Y10T29/49492—Land wheel
    • Y10T29/49496—Disc type wheel
    • Y10T29/49497—Assembling wheel disc to rim and hub
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49481—Wheel making
    • Y10T29/49492—Land wheel
    • Y10T29/49496—Disc type wheel
    • Y10T29/49499—Assembling wheel disc to rim
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/4984—Retaining clearance for motion between assembled parts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49947—Assembling or joining by applying separate fastener
    • Y10T29/49948—Multipart cooperating fastener [e.g., bolt and nut]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49947—Assembling or joining by applying separate fastener
    • Y10T29/49963—Threaded fastener

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于汽车、尤其是载重汽车的在由轴管(1)构成的轴身上的车轮支承，其中，车轮例如通过车轮螺栓固定在一个可旋转地支承在轴管(1)的轴颈(2)上的轮毂上，并且轴颈(2)作为分开的结构部件与轴管(1)的端段(3)夹紧。为了在保证持久的功能同时能够便于制造和装配而规定，所述轴管(1)的端段(3)设计成内圆柱形并具有至少一个纵向缝(4)，所述轴颈(2)通过一个外部的对应圆柱形的连接段(5)配合在轴管(1)的端段(3)中，并且轴管(1)的端段(3)与轴颈(2)的连接段(5)借助于至少一个位于轴管(1)的端段(3)上的、沿纵向透穿地开缝的夹紧环(6)径向夹紧。

Description

汽车轴身上的车轮支承
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于汽车、尤其是商用车的由轴管构成的轴身上的车轮支承，其中车轮例如通过车轮螺栓固定在一个可旋转地支承在轴管轴颈上的轮毂上，并且轴颈作为分开的结构部件与轴管的端段夹紧。
背景技术
对于轿车轴已知，轴颈作为分开的结构部件通过法兰连接与轴身的其余部件连接。通过这种方式要使车轮或轮毂与轴身之间的接合点、即车轮轴承，布置在轴颈与轴身之间的一个位置上，使得在重新调整制动盘时不影响车轮的支承、即车轮轴承，因为绝对不需要取下车轮。但是这种形式的法兰连接不适合于承受商用车中的明显大的作用力。
因此已经提出建议，对分开的轴颈配有一个圆锥形的连接段，它通过一个轴向螺栓沿轴向夹紧在一个向着轴端部敞开的端段内轮廓里。但是这种车轮支承在加工和装配上是非常费事的并且可能使轴管端段产生一种所不期望的扩大。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的是，建议一种开头所述类型的车轮支承，它在加工和装配上是简单的以及能够持久保持其功能。
这个目的按照本发明例如由此得以实现，所述轴管的端段设计成内圆柱形并具有至少一个纵向缝，所述轴颈通过一个外部的对应圆柱形的连接段配合在轴管的端段中，并且轴管的端段与轴颈的连接段通过至少一个位于轴管端段上的、在纵向上透穿地开缝的夹紧环径向夹紧。
与圆锥形表面相反，这种圆柱形配合可以更简单地加工、持久地保持功能并方便地再松开。它尤其不会使轴管端段扩大，通过夹紧环的径向夹紧作用附加地防止端段扩大。此外，这种车轮支承可以比常见的法兰连接承受显著更大的作用力。
按照本发明的解决方案，如果本来就必需的、固定在轴身上的制动体构成夹紧环，即夹紧环是制动器底板的一部分或集成的组成部分，则尤其具有优点。通过这种方式使制动器底板具有双重功能。
目前的制动器底板必需通过两个焊接连接与轴身环绕地连接，而对于按照本发明的应用，为了仅仅保证制动器底板的定位，只需一个固定(点焊)就将制动器底板固定在轴管圆周上。省去费事的焊接。这同样也适用于一个分开的夹紧环，它在各种情况下都以正确的位置固定在轴管上。
在此，所述夹紧环在最简单的情况下在环形缝的两侧分别具有一个被螺栓透穿的夹紧法兰，其中，螺栓或者可以与其中一个夹紧法兰的内螺纹或者可以与一个适合的螺母共同起作用。
所述轴管端段的纵向缝与环形缝对齐是有利的，其中它们两者最好轴线平行地延伸。
为了完全利用螺栓的最大夹紧力，而不使这个螺栓由于夹紧法兰的弯曲而承受负荷弯曲，所述夹紧法兰可以例如在其外端部通过一个桥形架相互连接。通过这种方式可以使夹紧行程只在夹紧环材料或制动器底板材料的弹性范围内实现。
所述轴管端段的纵向缝可以在其内端部上通向一个相对于缝隙宽度扩大的圆孔，以便在纵向缝的长度上可靠地界定纵向缝。
作为附加地防止轴颈轴向偏移，例如可以使至少一个螺栓径向定位在轴管上，为此在轴管上设有一个具有内螺纹的局部的加厚体，用于这样容纳螺栓，使内部的螺栓端部嵌入到轴颈的一个环绕槽中。局部的加厚体也可以分别构成纵向缝的终端，加厚体也可以一体地与轴管环绕地可靠连接。局部的加厚体也可以是夹紧环的一部分。
在本发明的另一实施例中规定，所述轴颈在其最外端上为了轴向固定车轮轴承而向外弯边。因为对于按照本发明的车轮支承，它本身不再需要拆下，通过这种方式对于车轮轴承可以给出一个在轴颈中的可靠配合。
本发明的其它目的、优点和应用可能性由下面借助于附图对实施例的描述给出。在此所有描述的和/或图形示出的特征本身或任意的组合都构成本发明的内容。附图中：
附图说明
图1以局部剖切和断开的视图示出按照本发明的车轮支承的一个实施例；
图2为按照本发明规定的在端段上纵向开缝的轴管视图；
图3以端面视图示出一个按照本发明的配有透穿的环形缝的并可径向夹紧在一个轴管上的制动器底板；
图4至7以对应图1的视图示出按照本发明的车轮支承的不同变型。
具体实施方式
按照本发明的车轮支承按照图1设在一个由轴管1构成的、用于汽车、尤其是商用车的轴身上。此(未示出的)车轮对于这样一种车轮支承例如通过(同样未示出的)车轮螺栓固定在一个可旋转地支承在轴管1的轴颈2上的轮毂(未示出)上。轴颈2作为分开的结构部件与轴管1的端段3径向夹紧。为此轴管1的端段3设计成内圆柱形。该端段3配有至少一个轴线平行的纵向缝4。所述轴颈2通过一个外部同样是圆柱形的连接段5配合在轴管1的端段3里面，其中轴管1的端段3和轴颈2的连接段5通过至少一个位于轴管1端段3上的、在纵向上连续开缝的夹紧环6径向夹紧。在此所述夹紧环6在所示情况下构成制动器底板10的一个集成的组成部分。为了使制动器底板10夹紧在轴管1端段3上并由此使轴管1的端段3夹紧在轴颈2的连接段5上而使用一个螺栓8，它与两个眼圈形的夹紧法兰9、9共同起作用。由于这样实现的制动器底板10在轴管1上的夹紧作用使得无需将制动器底板10费事地环绕焊接在轴管1上，而是为了其定位只需一个固定、最好在纵向缝4对面的区域里，以便不妨碍端段3的可靠夹紧。
如同由图2可以看到的那样，纵向缝4以宽度b终结在一个圆孔11上，该孔具有比此宽度扩大的直径，由此防止纵向缝4裂开。
如同由图3可以看到的那样，所述轴管1端段3的轴线平行的纵向缝4与同样轴线平行的环形缝7相互对齐，使得制动器底板10在轴管1外圆周上的固定不影响径向夹紧作用。
在图3中还示出，为了充分利用螺栓8的最大夹紧力，所述夹紧法兰9可以在法兰外端部上通过一个桥形架15相互连接。
在图4中示例性地表示，除了使用唯一的一个独立于制动器底板10的夹紧环6，在制动器底板10的附近还可以使用另一夹紧环6’，它离第一夹紧环最大轴向间距地设置在轴管1上。按照图5，也可以轴向延长唯一的一个夹紧环6作为制动器底板10的组成部分。两种措施都用于使夹紧力沿轴管1的开缝的端段3的长度分布。
借助于图6的实施例可以看出，所述轴颈2在其最外端12上为了轴向固定车轮轴承13可以向外弯边。由此保证车轮轴承13在其轴向位置上一个持久的固定。
为了防止水分进入轴颈2连接段5与轴管1端段3之间可以设有一个O型密封圈14作为密封，此外也可以，尤其在那里设有一个防腐蚀层。所有未焊接的缝隙也可以在装配后通过一种持久弹性的物质密封。
在图7中示出一个用于使轴颈2固定在轴管1的端段3上的保险装置的实施例。该保险装置由一个可以旋转到焊接在轴管1上的具有内螺纹的加厚体16中的螺栓17构成，该螺栓在其保险位置通过其内端突进轴颈2的一个环形槽18并且在所示情况下，例如可以突进在纵向缝4端部上的扩大的孔11中。
附图标记清单
1             轴管
2             轴颈
3             轴管1的端段
4             纵向缝
5             连接段
6，6’，6   夹紧环
7             环形缝
8             螺栓
9，9’        夹紧法兰
10            制动器底板
11            孔
12            轴颈2的最外端
13            车轮轴承
14            O型密封圈
15            桥形架
16            局部的加厚体
17            保险元件(螺栓)
18            槽

Claims (10)

1.一种用于汽车的在由轴管(1)构成的轴身上的车轮支承，其中，车轮通过车轮螺栓固定在一个可旋转地支承在轴管(1)的轴颈(2)上的轮毂上，并且轴颈(2)作为分开的结构部件与轴管(1)的端段(3)夹紧，其特征在于，所述轴管(1)的端段(3)设计成内圆柱形并具有至少一个纵向缝(4)，所述轴颈(2)通过一个外部的对应圆柱形的连接段(5)配合在轴管(1)的端段(3)中，并且轴管(1)的端段(3)与轴颈(2)的连接段(5)借助于至少一个位于轴管(1)的端段(3)上的、沿纵向透穿地开缝的夹紧环(6)径向夹紧。
2.如权利要求1所述的车轮支承，其特征在于，所述夹紧环(6)是制动器底板(10)的一部分或集成的组成部分。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的车轮支承，其特征在于，所述夹紧环(6)，当它是制动器底板(10)的集成的组成部分时，为了定位而通过点焊被固定在轴管(1)的端段(3)上。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的车轮支承，其特征在于，所述轴管(1)端段(3)的纵向缝(4)与夹紧环(6)的环形缝(7)对齐。
5.如权利要求4所述的车轮支承，其特征在于，所述夹紧环(6)在环形缝(7)的两侧各具有一个被一螺栓(8)穿过的夹紧法兰(9)。
6.如权利要求5所述的车轮支承，其特征在于，所述夹紧法兰(9、9)通过一个桥形架(15)相互连接。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的车轮支承，其特征在于，所述轴管(1)端段(3)的纵向缝(4)在其内端部通向一个相对于缝隙宽度(b)扩大的圆孔(11)。
8.如权利要求1或2所述的车轮支承，其特征在于，有至少一个在轴管(1)的端段(3)上的用于轴颈(2)的保险装置(16、17、18)。
9.如权利要求1或2所述的车轮支承，其特征在于，为了轴向固定车轮轴承(13)，所述轴颈(2)在其外端部(12)上向外弯边。
10.如权利要求1或2所述的车轮支承，其特征在于，所述车轮支承用于商用车。
CNB028243323A 2001-12-04 2002-11-29 汽车轴身上的车轮支承 Expired - Fee Related CN1307062C (zh)

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EP (1) EP1451024B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1307062C (zh)
AT (1) ATE359919T1 (zh)
AU (1) AU2002358056B2 (zh)
CA (1) CA2472370C (zh)
DE (2) DE20119640U1 (zh)
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DE20119640U1 (de) * 2001-12-04 2002-02-28 Sauer Achsenfab Radlagerung an einem Achskörper für Fahrzeuge
DE102005038275B4 (de) 2005-08-12 2009-09-24 Saf-Holland Gmbh Bremsträger
US7325821B2 (en) * 2006-06-28 2008-02-05 Dana Corporation Suspension mounting system and a method of assembling the same
DE102006037356B4 (de) * 2006-08-09 2011-02-03 Saf-Holland Gmbh Achsaggregat
DE102014218328B4 (de) * 2014-09-12 2019-03-28 Saf-Holland Gmbh Achseinheit
DE102017107207A1 (de) * 2017-04-04 2018-10-04 Saf-Holland Gmbh Achssystem
DE102017112841A1 (de) * 2017-06-12 2018-12-13 Man Truck & Bus Ag Achskörper für ein Nutzfahrzeug und Herstellungsverfahren hierfür

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US5281005A (en) * 1992-07-31 1994-01-25 Dana Corporation Spindle retainer for axle housing
US5538330A (en) * 1994-11-17 1996-07-23 Wabash National Corporation Axle vent

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US4455732A (en) * 1982-01-15 1984-06-26 Axle Surgeons, Inc. Method and apparatus for rebuilding vehicle axles
US5281005A (en) * 1992-07-31 1994-01-25 Dana Corporation Spindle retainer for axle housing
US5538330A (en) * 1994-11-17 1996-07-23 Wabash National Corporation Axle vent

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CA2472370C (en) 2010-02-16
CN1599671A (zh) 2005-03-23
EP1451024A1 (de) 2004-09-01
AU2002358056B2 (en) 2006-09-21
US20050217113A1 (en) 2005-10-06
CA2472370A1 (en) 2003-06-12
ATE359919T1 (de) 2007-05-15
EP1451024B1 (de) 2007-04-18
AU2002358056A1 (en) 2003-06-17
US7260879B2 (en) 2007-08-28
ES2286316T3 (es) 2007-12-01
DE50209997D1 (de) 2007-05-31
WO2003047883A1 (de) 2003-06-12
DE20119640U1 (de) 2002-02-28

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