CN1303879A - Cyclosiloxane anion non-equilibrium ring-opening polymerization method - Google Patents

Cyclosiloxane anion non-equilibrium ring-opening polymerization method Download PDF

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CN1303879A
CN1303879A CN 99123985 CN99123985A CN1303879A CN 1303879 A CN1303879 A CN 1303879A CN 99123985 CN99123985 CN 99123985 CN 99123985 A CN99123985 A CN 99123985A CN 1303879 A CN1303879 A CN 1303879A
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cyclosiloxane
opening polymerization
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equilibrium ring
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谢择民
张志杰
高伟
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Institute of Chemistry CAS
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Abstract

本发明一种环硅氧烷阴离子非平衡开环聚合的方法,是采用六甲基二硅氮烷锂盐为引发剂,引发环硅氧烷进行本体或溶液的阴离子非平衡开环聚合的方法,来制备聚硅氧烷。以该方法制备的聚硅氧烷单体转化率可达95-100%。所得高纯度的聚硅氧烷适合于在需要高纯度硅橡胶的领域应用,如航天、高性能电子产品领域。The invention discloses a method for anionic non-equilibrium ring-opening polymerization of cyclosiloxane, which uses hexamethyldisilazane lithium salt as an initiator to trigger cyclosiloxane to perform anionic non-equilibrium ring-opening polymerization in bulk or in solution , to prepare polysiloxane. The conversion rate of the polysiloxane monomer prepared by the method can reach 95-100%. The obtained high-purity polysiloxane is suitable for applications in fields requiring high-purity silicone rubber, such as aerospace and high-performance electronic products.

Description

A kind of method of cyclosiloxane anion non-equilibrium ring-opening polymerization
The present invention relates to the method that a kind of cyclosiloxane carries out the anion non-equilibrium ring-opening polymerization.
The anionic ring-opening polymerization of general cyclosiloxane is an initiator with potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, Tetramethylammonium hydroxide and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide phosphorus etc., and polyreaction is an equilibrium process, contains 14% siloxanes ring body in the polymerisate.The existence of balanced reaction not only makes the polymerisation conversion of raw material low (~86%), and for the field that needs high purity silicon rubber such as space with and high-performance electronic product silicon rubber, need carry out numerous and diverse operation and remove the siloxanes ring body and just can reach requirement.And the cyclic siloxane anion non-equilibrium polymerization can reduce or eliminate the balanced reaction in the cyclosiloxane polymerization process, and what make the monomer high conversion changes polysiloxane (>95%) into.Therefore, to the research of the anion non-equilibrium ring-opening polymerization of cyclosiloxane, report to some extent successively since 1967 mainly is that research is that initiator causes cyclosiloxane and carries out anionic ring-opening polymerization with the lithium salts.Since lithium salts to anionic activity a little less than, do not interrupt the siloxane bond in the silica chain, thereby there is not balanced reaction in polymerization process.But the cyclic siloxane anion non-equilibrium polymeric research that lithium salts causes is mainly concentrated on active higher hexamethyl cyclotrisiloxane (D 3) monomeric polymerization, and at the lower octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D of the activity of the industrial extensive application of organosilicon 4) monomeric polymerization studies then seldom.
This laboratory is once caused cyclosiloxane with the lithium salts of six organic basic ring three silazane and is carried out anionic ring-opening polymerization and prepare star polysiloxane [Chinese patent, application number 98103244.3], but do not relate to lithium salts with the industrial hexamethyldisilazane that obtains easily as initiator, cause the method that cyclosiloxane carries out the anion non-equilibrium ring-opening polymerization.
The present invention has overcome in the prior art when preparing polysiloxane with equilibrium process, and monomer conversion is low, the defective of 14% siloxanes ring body is arranged in polymerisate, and a kind of lithium salts (MM with hexamethyldisilazane is provided NLi) be initiator, cause the method that the cyclosiloxane ring-opening polymerization prepares high monomer transformation efficiency, highly purified polysiloxane with non-equilibrium polymeric approach, particularly cause octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D 4) polymerization have good effect.
Cyclosiloxane ring-opening polymerization among the present invention step is in the following order carried out:
1. prepare MM NLiThe lithium salts initiator
With MM NHWith n-Butyl Lithium be in molar ratio: got MM at-60~30 ℃ of following stirring reaction 5-6 hours in 1: 1~1: 1.2 NLiLithium salts, removal of solvent under reduced pressure under the secluding air condition, is carried out thorough washing with normal hexane to the lithium salts that makes, and is neutral until elutant, removal of solvent under reduced pressure again, inflated with nitrogen is protected prepared lithium salts.
Above-mentioned MM NLiThe lithium salts initiator has following structure:
Figure A9912398500041
2. cyclosiloxane anion non-equilibrium ring-opening polymerization:
Add above-mentioned MM in the cyclosiloxane monomer NLiThe promotor of 2~10 times of molar weights of lithium salts initiator and above-mentioned initiator is carried out body or solution polymerization, and the mol ratio of monomer and initiator is: 10: 1~2000: 1,0 ℃~160 ℃ polyreactions 2~24 hours, obtain polymerisate.
Above-mentioned cyclosiloxane monomer comprises: hexamethyl cyclotrisiloxane (D 3), octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D 4), hexaphenyl cyclotrisiloxane (D 3 Ph), tetramethyl-tetrem thiazolinyl cyclotetrasiloxane (D 4 Vi), methyl trifluoro propyl cyclotrisiloxane (D 3 F) or above-mentioned monomeric mixture.
Used promotor comprises: tetrahydrofuran (THF), glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dme, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethyl formamide, hexamethylphosphorictriamide, crown ether, cave ether etc.
The solvent of above-mentioned solution polymerization comprises normal hexane, toluene, the tetrahydrochysene furan food in one's mouth, glycol dimethyl ether etc.
3. functional group's end-blocking of polymkeric substance
The polymerisate of above-mentioned mass polymerization is with normal hexane or toluene dissolving, and adding and initiator equimolar amount or excessive end-capping reagent carry out end-blocking simultaneously.Then can directly add end-capping reagent for solution polymerization and carry out end-blocking, filter after the end capping, filtrate is removal of solvent under reduced pressure again, obtains the polysiloxane product.
Above-mentioned end-capping reagent can be: water, methyl iodide, trimethylchlorosilane, dimethyl vinyl chlorosilane and dimethyl amine alkyl chlorosilane etc.
Polysiloxane with method preparation of the present invention dissolves in organic solvent, and these solvents comprise: alkane, aromatic hydrocarbon, tetrahydrofuran (THF), chloroform.
Silicone monomers transformation efficiency with this method preparation can reach 95-100%; Polymerisate does not contain or only contains a spot of cyclosiloxane, and the highly purified polysiloxane of gained is suitable for using in the field that needs high purity silicon rubber, as space flight, high-performance electronic product scope.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: in there-necked flask, and logical N 2The deoxygenation dehumidifying.Add hexamethyl cyclotrisiloxane (D 3) 26g, MM NLiLithium salts 0.01g, tetrahydrofuran (THF) 6ml, 70~80 ℃ of mechanical stirring polymerizations.Finish reaction after 6 hours. 29Si NMR detects D 3100% transforms.With the dissolving of 30ml toluene, carry out end-blocking with 0.5ml water.Filter removal of solvent under reduced pressure, polymkeric substance [η]=43.8ml/g.
Embodiment 2:
In there-necked flask, logical N 2The deoxygenation dehumidifying.Add D 3/ D 4(6%mol.D 3) 15.3g, MM NLiLithium salts 0.02g, 0.5ml exsiccant N, dinethylformamide are promotor, 100 ℃ of mechanical stirring polymerizations.Viscosity increases after 1 hour, after 4 hours 29Si NMR detects monomer conversion monomer conversion monomer 100% conversion after 95%, 24 hour after 78%, 11 hour.With the dissolving of 20ml toluene, carry out end-blocking with the 1.5ml methyl iodide.Filter removal of solvent under reduced pressure, polymkeric substance [η]=32.06ml/g.
Embodiment 3:
In there-necked flask, logical N 2The deoxygenation dehumidifying.Add D 419.6g, MM NLiLithium salts 0.02g, 0.5ml exsiccant dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a promotor, 100 ℃ of mechanical stirring polymerizations.Viscosity obviously increases after 2 hours, after 11 hours 29SiNMR detects monomer conversion and reaches 95%.With the dissolving of 20ml toluene, carry out end-blocking with the 1.5ml trimethylchlorosilane.Filter removal of solvent under reduced pressure, polymkeric substance [η]=82ml/g.
Embodiment 4:
In there-necked flask, logical N 2The deoxygenation dehumidifying.Add D 419.95g, MM NLiLithium salts 0.08g, 0.5ml exsiccant diethylene glycol dimethyl ether is a promotor, 160 ℃ of mechanical stirring polymerizations.Viscosity obviously increases after 1 hour.After 15 hours 29Si NMR detects monomer conversion 100%.Polymkeric substance [η]=41.87ml/g.
Embodiment 5:
In there-necked flask, logical N 2The deoxygenation dehumidifying.Add D 417.4g, MM NLiLithium salts 0.87g, 2ml exsiccant triethylene glycol dme is a promotor, 100 ℃ of mechanical stirring polymerizations.Viscosity increases after 2 hours, after 4 hours 29Monomer conversion reached 95% after Si NMR detection monomer conversion reached 91%, 10 hour.Add 20ml toluene dissolve polymer, 1.2ml dimethyl vinyl chlorosilane end-blocking, 25 ℃ were reacted 4 hours, filtered removal of solvent under reduced pressure.Polymkeric substance [η]=9.17ml/g.Embodiment 6:
In there-necked flask, logical N 2The deoxygenation dehumidifying.Add D 4 Vi6.89g, D 45.91g, MM NLiLithium salts 0.1g, the 12-crown-4 crown ether of 0.5g is a promotor, 60 ℃ of induction stirring polymerizations 20 hours, is warming up to 100 ℃ of polymerizations 10 hours, 29Si NMR detects monomer conversion and reaches 100%.
Embodiment 7:
In there-necked flask, logical N 2The deoxygenation dehumidifying.Add D 3 Ph10.2g, D 33.8gMM NLiLithium salts 0.05g, 0.1ml exsiccant hexamethylphosphorictriamide is a promotor, and the 30ml normal hexane 40-50 ℃ of induction stirring polymerization 20 hours, filters, and removal of solvent under reduced pressure obtains polymkeric substance.
Embodiment 8:
In there-necked flask, logical N 2The deoxygenation dehumidifying.Add D 3 F12g, MM NLiLithium salts 0.02g, 20ml exsiccant glycol dimethyl ether is promotor and solvent, 0 ℃ of mechanical stirring polymerization 2 hours, carries out end-blocking with the 1.0ml trimethylchlorosilane.Filter, removal of solvent under reduced pressure obtains polymkeric substance.
Embodiment 9:
In there-necked flask, logical N 2The deoxygenation dehumidifying.Add D 3/ D 4(1%mol.D 3) 15.3g, MM NLiLithium salts 0.02g, 0.5ml exsiccant dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a promotor, 100 ℃ of mechanical stirring polymerizations.Monomer conversion monomer 100% conversion after 95%, 24 hour after 11 hours.With the dissolving of 20ml toluene, carry out end-blocking with the 1.5ml methyl iodide.Filter, removal of solvent under reduced pressure obtains polymkeric substance.

Claims (5)

1、一种环硅氧烷阴离子非平衡开环聚合的方法,其特征在于:1. A method for cyclosiloxane anionic non-equilibrium ring-opening polymerization, characterized in that: 在环硅氧烷单体中加入MMNLi锂盐为引发剂和引发剂2~10倍摩尔量的促进剂,进行本体或溶液聚合反应,所述的单体与引发剂的摩尔比为:10∶1~2000∶1,在0℃~160℃聚合反应2~24小时,得到聚合产物。Add MM NLi lithium salt to the cyclosiloxane monomer as an initiator and an accelerator of 2 to 10 times the molar amount of the initiator to carry out bulk or solution polymerization. The molar ratio of the monomer to the initiator is: 10 : 1 to 2000: 1, polymerize at 0°C to 160°C for 2 to 24 hours to obtain a polymer product. 2、根据权利要求1所述的一种环硅氧烷进行阴离子非平衡开环聚合的方法,其特征在于环硅氧烷单体为:六甲基环三硅氧烷、八甲基环四硅氧烷、六苯基环三硅氧烷、四甲基四乙烯基环四硅氧烷或甲基三氟丙基环三硅氧烷。2. A method for anionic non-equilibrium ring-opening polymerization of cyclosiloxane according to claim 1, characterized in that the cyclosiloxane monomers are: hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane Siloxane, Hexaphenylcyclotrisiloxane, Tetramethyltetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane, or Methyltrifluoropropylcyclotrisiloxane. 3、根据权利要求1所述的一种环硅氧烷进行阴离子非平衡开环聚合的方法,其特征在于环硅氧烷单体为:六甲基环三硅氧烷∶八甲基环四硅氧烷为1∶99~6∶94摩尔比的混合单体,六甲基环三硅氧烷或八甲基环四硅氧烷与六苯基环三硅氧烷1∶1摩尔比的混合单体、六甲基环三硅氧烷或八甲基环四硅氧烷与四甲基四乙烯基环四硅氧烷1∶1摩尔比的混合单体。3. A method for anionic non-equilibrium ring-opening polymerization of cyclosiloxane according to claim 1, characterized in that the cyclosiloxane monomer is: hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane: octamethylcyclotetra Siloxane is a mixed monomer with a molar ratio of 1:99 to 6:94, hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane or octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and hexaphenylcyclotrisiloxane with a molar ratio of 1:1 Mixed monomers, hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane or octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and tetramethyltetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane in a molar ratio of 1:1. 4、根据权利要求1所述的一种环硅氧烷进行阴离子非平衡开环聚合的方法,其特征在于促进剂为:四氢呋喃、乙二醇二甲醚、二乙二醇二甲醚、三乙二醇二甲醚、二甲基亚砜、二甲基甲酰胺、六甲基磷三酰胺或冠醚12-冠-4。4. A method for anionic non-equilibrium ring-opening polymerization of cyclosiloxane according to claim 1, characterized in that the accelerator is: tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, three Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, hexamethylphosphoric triamide, or crown ether 12-crown-4. 5、根据权利要求1所述的一种环硅氧烷进行阴离子非平衡开环聚合的方法,其特征在于对于溶液聚合,其溶剂为:正己烷、甲苯、四氢呋喃或乙二醇二甲醚。5. The method for anionic non-equilibrium ring-opening polymerization of cyclosiloxane according to claim 1, characterized in that for solution polymerization, the solvent is: n-hexane, toluene, tetrahydrofuran or ethylene glycol dimethyl ether.
CN 99123985 1999-11-23 1999-11-23 Cyclosiloxane anion non-equilibrium ring-opening polymerization method Expired - Lifetime CN1129629C (en)

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CN101838393A (en) * 2010-04-29 2010-09-22 山东大学 Method for synthesizing high-molecular-weight ethyl polysiloxane
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CN111560119A (en) * 2020-07-09 2020-08-21 威海新元化工有限公司 Preparation method of dimethyl diphenyl polysiloxane
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WO2024055937A1 (en) * 2022-09-13 2024-03-21 青岛科技大学 Anionic ring-opening continuous polymerization process for cyclosiloxane

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CN101245146B (en) * 2007-02-12 2011-12-07 浙江省化工研究院有限公司 Method for producing high molecular weight fluorine silicon raw rubber
CN101838393A (en) * 2010-04-29 2010-09-22 山东大学 Method for synthesizing high-molecular-weight ethyl polysiloxane
CN101838393B (en) * 2010-04-29 2012-04-04 山东大学 A kind of synthetic method of high molecular weight ethylpolysiloxane
CN104072775B (en) * 2014-06-13 2017-01-25 王金明 Preparation technique of medium/high-viscosity dimethyl silicone oil
CN104829838A (en) * 2015-05-06 2015-08-12 青岛科技大学 Preparation method of hydroxyl terminated polyfluorosiloxane
CN104829838B (en) * 2015-05-06 2017-04-05 青岛科技大学 A kind of preparation method of hydroxy-end capped poly- fluorosilicone
US11254790B2 (en) * 2018-09-10 2022-02-22 Aerospace Research Institute Of Materials & Processing Technology Silicone rubber and phenolic modified silicone rubber and methods for preparing the same
CN109265684A (en) * 2018-09-10 2019-01-25 航天材料及工艺研究所 Silicon rubber, phenol aldehyde modified silicone rubber resina and preparation method thereof
CN109776803A (en) * 2018-12-21 2019-05-21 中科院广州化学有限公司南雄材料生产基地 A kind of preparation method of regulating and controlling poly(dimethylsiloxane-co-methylvinylsiloxane) molecular weight and its distribution
CN109776803B (en) * 2018-12-21 2021-07-23 中科院广州化学有限公司南雄材料生产基地 A kind of preparation method of regulating and controlling poly(dimethylsiloxane-co-methylvinylsiloxane) molecular weight and distribution thereof
CN112062966A (en) * 2020-06-23 2020-12-11 西南科技大学 Preparation method of high-electrostriction silicone rubber dielectric elastomer
CN111560119A (en) * 2020-07-09 2020-08-21 威海新元化工有限公司 Preparation method of dimethyl diphenyl polysiloxane
CN114044905A (en) * 2021-10-06 2022-02-15 复旦大学 Preparation method of end group functionalized polydimethylsiloxane
CN114044905B (en) * 2021-10-06 2023-01-06 复旦大学 A kind of preparation method of end group functionalized polydimethylsiloxane
WO2024055937A1 (en) * 2022-09-13 2024-03-21 青岛科技大学 Anionic ring-opening continuous polymerization process for cyclosiloxane
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