CN1301565C - Lithium ion cell gel liquor formula and method for preparing gel electrolytic liquor using same - Google Patents
Lithium ion cell gel liquor formula and method for preparing gel electrolytic liquor using same Download PDFInfo
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- CN1301565C CN1301565C CNB03158361XA CN03158361A CN1301565C CN 1301565 C CN1301565 C CN 1301565C CN B03158361X A CNB03158361X A CN B03158361XA CN 03158361 A CN03158361 A CN 03158361A CN 1301565 C CN1301565 C CN 1301565C
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- lithium ion
- ion battery
- gel electrolyte
- ester
- gel
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a formula for a gel electrolyte of a lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof. The formula comprises the substances according to the weight content: 0 to 20% of desaturated double-bond silicane compound, 0 to 20% of desaturated double-bond ester monomer, 0 to 20% of prepolymer of homopolymer or copolymer of the silicane compound and the ester monomer, 1 to 20% of crosslinking agent, 0.01 to 5% of thermal booster and 60 to 96% of non-aqueous solvent containing lithium salts, wherein the concentration of the lithium salts is from 0.3M to 1.5M, and the content of the silicane compound and the content of the ester monomer in the compositions can not be zero at the same time. The mixed liquor of the formula can be prepared into a gel-phase lithium ion polymer electrolyte with a polymer interpenetration network structure by a thermal polymerization process, and the room-temperature ionic conductivity can reach more than 7.0*10<-3>S/cm, and the present invention has the advantages of good safety performance, high discharging magnification and low temperature performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the electrolyte of lithium ion battery, refer more particularly to the preparation method of a kind of gel electrolyte and this electrolyte.
Background technology
The lithium ion battery that begins one's study from the fifties in last century, because it has higher volumetric specific energy, gravimetric specific energy and favorable environment protection, just progressively replace lead-acid battery, Ni-Cd and MH-Ni battery, and be widely used in the portable electric appts such as mobile phone, notebook computer, have good application prospects.Can be divided into liquid lithium ionic cell and polymer Li-ion battery according to employed electrolytical difference in the lithium ion battery.Liquid lithium ionic cell has good high charge-discharge speed and cryogenic property, but its shortcoming is: liquid electrolyte might be leaked, and can endanger the fail safe of battery; And, limited the arbitrariness of its shape because the liquid lithium ionic cell external packing is aluminum hull or box hat.
1993, the U.S. Bellcore company reported first full solid state polymer lithium ion battery, adopt polymer dielectric film to replace liquid electrolyte solution, and pack with aluminum-plastic composite membrane, make battery can make arbitrary shape, add plasticizer by adopting, the compound back extraction of pole piece and barrier film heat produces a large amount of holes, by a large amount of micro-porous adsorption electrolyte.But meeting generation burr, Working Procedure Controlling difficulty, methanol extraction can cause problems such as environmental pollution after said method existed complex process, grid to cut off.
Summary of the invention
At above-mentioned present situation, the present invention will provide the preparation method of a kind of gel electrolyte of lithium ion battery and this electrolyte.Described lithium-ion battery electrolytes is liquid before thermal polymerization, by forming gel after the thermal polymerization; Since no working fluid, thereby can be prepared into arbitrary shape with aluminum-plastic composite membrane, and have higher safety performance and higher ionic conducting property.
The concrete technical scheme that the utility model adopts is: described gel electrolyte of lithium ion battery is characterized in: comprise following material: homopolymerization or performed polymer, crosslinking agent, the thermal initiator of copolymer and the nonaqueous solvents that includes lithium salts with the silane compound of unsaturated double-bond, the esters monomer with unsaturated double-bond, above-mentioned silane compound and esters monomer; The content of above-mentioned each composition is (representing with percentage by weight):
Silane compound: 1.0~20%
Esters monomer: 0~20%
Performed polymer: 0~20%
Crosslinking agent: 1~20%
Thermal initiator: 0.01~5%
The nonaqueous solvents that includes lithium salts: 60~96%, wherein the concentration of lithium salts is 0.3M~1.5M;
And above-mentioned silane compound is represented by formula (1):
R-Si(R
1R
2R
3) (1)
Wherein, R is any in the following structure: CH
2=CH-, CH
2=CH-CH
2-, CH
2=CH-COOCH
2-, CH
2=CH-COOCH
2CH
2CH
2-, CH
2=C (CH
3)-COOCH
2-, CH
2=C (CH
3)-COOCH
2CH
2CH
2-; R
1, R
2, R
3Represent CH
3-, C
2H
5-, CH
3O-, C
2H
5O-,
Or
That is: R
1Can represent CH
3-, C
2H
5-, CH
3O-, C
2H
5O-,
Or
In any, R
2Can represent CH
3-, C
2H
5-, CH
3O-, C
2H
5O-,
Or
In any, R
3Can represent CH
3-, C
2H
5-, CH
3O-, C
2H
5O-,
Or
In any.As: CH
2=C (CH
3) COOCH
2Si (OCH
3)
3, CH
2=C (CH
3) COOCH
2CH
2CH
2Si (OCH
3)
3, CH
2=C (CH
3) COOCH
2CH
2CH
2Si (OCH
3)
2(CH
3) etc.And the weight ratio preferred 1~5% that silane compound is shared.
Esters monomer of the present invention is selected from least a in the following material: (Alpha-Methyl) alkyl acrylate, alkyl acrylate, (Alpha-Methyl) acrylic acid fluoroalkane ester, acrylic acid fluoroalkane ester.As: CH
2=C (CH
3) COOCH
3, CH
2=C (CH
3) COOCH
2CF
3, CH
2=CCOOCH
2CH
2CH
3Deng.And the weight ratio preferred 1~5% that esters monomer is shared.
The homopolymerization of a kind of silane compound with unsaturated double-bond of the present invention and a kind of ester class with unsaturated double-bond or the performed polymer of copolymer, be to make performed polymer with different molecular weight by the polymerisation in bulk mode, perhaps at organic solvent (as toluene, isopropyl alcohol etc.) under the situation of Cun Zaiing, make performed polymer by the polymerisation in solution mode; The number-average molecular weight of above-mentioned performed polymer is<50,000, preferred<20,000.And the weight ratio preferred 0~6% that performed polymer is shared.
Crosslinking agent of the present invention is a polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, can be represented by (2) formula:
CH
2=C(R)COO(CH
2CH
2O)n-COC(R)=CH
2 (2)
Wherein, n=0~12, R represents H or CH
3As: CH
2=C (CH
3) COOCH
2CH
2OCOC (CH
3)=CH
2, CH
2=C (CH
3) COO (CH2CH
2O)
4COC (CH
3)=CH
2, CH
2=CHCOO (CH
2CH
2O)
12COCH=CH
2Deng.And the weight ratio preferred 1~6% that crosslinking agent is shared.
The thermal initiator that is used for preparing the gelatin polymer polymerization reaction of the present invention is selected from least a of following material: azodiisobutyronitrile (CH
3(CH
3) (CN) C-N=N-C (CN) (CH
3) CH
3), dibenzoyl peroxide ((C
6H
5COO)
2), peroxy dicarbonate two (4-tert-butyl group cyclohexyl) ((C
6H
11OCO
2)
2), laurylperoxide acyl ((CH
3(CH
2)
10COO)
2), di-isopropyl peroxydicarbonate (((CH
3)
2CHOCOO)
2) etc.And the weight ratio preferred 0.04~2% that thermal initiator is shared.
The nonaqueous solvents that includes lithium salts of the present invention, lithium salts wherein are selected from least a in the following material: LiPF
6, LiBF
4, LiClO
4, CF
3SO
3Li, (CF
3SO
2)
2Nli, LiAsF
6Nonaqueous solvents wherein is selected from least a in the following material: vinyl carbonate; Third rare carbonic ester; The butylene carbonic ester; 1,2-dimethyl vinyl carbonate; Ethyl butyl carbonate; Carbonic acid first butyl ester; Dibutyl carbonate; Diethyl carbonate; Dimethyl carbonate; Chloro-ethylene carbonate; The trifluoromethyl ethylene carbonate; The carbonic acid di-n-propyl ester; Carbonic acid two-isopropyl ester; Methyl ethyl carbonate; Ethyl propyl carbonic acid ester; The ethylene isopropyl ester; Carbonic acid first propyl ester; Carbonic acid first isopropyl ester; Dimethoxy-ethane; Diethoxyethane; Oxolane; The 2-methyltetrahydrofuran; The diglycol ethylene dimethyl ether; The triethylene glycol dimethyl ether contracts; Tetraethyleneglycol dimethyl ether contracts; 1, the 3-dioxolane; Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); Sulfolane; The 4-methyl isophthalic acid, 3-DOL; Gamma-butyrolacton; Methyl formate; Ethyl formate; Methyl acetate; Ethyl acetate; Methyl propionate; Ethyl propionate; Methyl butyrate; Ethyl butyrate; Inferior vinyl carbonate; The propane sultone; The ethene sulfite.And described lithium salts is preferred: LiPF
6And LiBF
4In a kind of or two kinds.The concentration of lithium salts is preferred: 0.8M~1.3M.It is preferred to include the shared weight ratio of the nonaqueous solvents of lithium salts: 80~95%.
The preparation method of gel electrolyte of lithium ion battery of the present invention is as follows:
Together as the precursor of gel polymer electrolyte, this ratio is to elect according to the electrochemistry fail safe of lithium ion battery and the performance optimization of battery with silane compound recited above, esters monomer, performed polymer, crosslinking agent, liquid lithium ion electrolyte and thermal initiator mixed in accordance with regulations.Then mixed liquor is stirred and mix fully.Before thermal polymerization, mixed liquor has good flowability under the room temperature in long time, can soak into and infiltrate through in barrier film and the positive and negative pole material, is suitable for the vacuum liquid-injection equipment of cell preparation.
With after the mixed liquor sealing, carry out thermal polymerization and form gel then.Thermal polymerization process can be an one-step polymerization, and polymerization temperature is 40~100 ℃.Also can be that the substep thermal polymerization forms gel, and adopt high temperature initiation, low temperature polymerization, wherein, initiation temperature be 70~100 ℃, and polymerization temperature is 25~50 ℃.
The gel electrolyte that the present invention is cross-linked to form by thermal polymerization, owing to be under the situation that liquid lithium ion electrolyte exists, with silane compound with unsaturated double-bond and the ester derivative with unsaturated double-bond is monomer, the polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate compound is a crosslinking agent, formation has the gel-state lithium ion polymer electrolyte of polymer interpenetration network structure, its swelling and not dissolving in organic solvent, and the polymer with silane compound of unsaturated double-bond makes resulting gel rubber system have good rigidity, polymer with ester derivative of unsaturated double-bond makes resulting gel rubber system have good adhesion and toughness, therefore this lithium ion battery gel electrolyte has very high liquid electrolyte containing ability, and very high ionic conductivity, thereby guarantee that it has good high-multiplying power discharge and cryogenic property; And, its security performance is obviously improved owing to can effectively prevent the seepage of electrolyte.The cross-linked structure of gel also makes it have enough intensity simultaneously, guarantees that gel fully contacts with positive and negative pole material, effectively reduces the internal resistance of cell, improves the cycle life of battery.
Execution mode
Further specify the performance of gel electrolyte of the present invention and preparation method thereof and resulting gel electrolyte below by specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane: 3.5wt%
Performed polymer (Mn=10,000): 3wt%
Poly-six ethylene glycol dimethacrylates: 3wt%
Peroxy dicarbonate two (4-tert-butyl group cyclohexyl): 0.1wt%
Liquid electrolyte solution, 1M LiPF6, DMC: EMC: EC=1: 1: 1 (weight ratio): 90.4%
By above-mentioned percentage by weight preparation mixed liquor, mixed liquor has good flowability, after stirring fully, carries out the segmentation thermal polymerization, and polymerization temperature is 60 ℃, and time 48h, mobile mixed electrolytic solution have formed stabilizing gel attitude electrolyte.All these operations all are to carry out in the argon atmospher of doing.
Estimate the chemical property and the physical property of the gel electrolyte that forms:
(1) gel electrolyte that takes a morsel presses makes a simple and easy battery between two stainless steel electrodes.Measure the frequency response of AC impedance.Reach 8.8 * 10 according to ionic conductivity to the gel electrolyte that the analysis showed that embodiment 1 of frequency response
-3S/cm.
(2) small amount of gel is positioned between two sheet glass presses, examine under a microscope and have or not electrolyte to flow out.As a result, find that the gel that embodiment 1 forms does not have the electrolyte outflow.
Embodiment 2
3-methacryloxypropyl dimethoxy silane: 2wt%
Acrylic acid fluorine propyl ester: 2wt%
Performed polymer (Mn=30,000): 3wt%
Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate: 3wt%
Dibenzoyl peroxide: 0.1wt%
Liquid electrolyte solution, 1M LiPF6, DMC: EC=1: 1 (weight ratio): 88.9%
By above-mentioned percentage by weight preparation mixed liquor, mixed liquor is pale yellow transparent and have good flowability, after stirring fully, carries out the segmentation thermal polymerization then, and first section polymerization temperature is 100 ℃, time 10min; Second section polymerization temperature is 35 ℃, and time 96h, mobile mixed electrolytic solution have formed stabilizing gel attitude electrolyte.All these operations all are to carry out in the argon atmospher of doing.
Estimate the chemical property and the physical property of the gel electrolyte that forms:
(1) gel electrolyte that takes a morsel presses makes a simple and easy battery between two stainless steel electrodes.Measure the frequency response of AC impedance.Reach 9.2mS/cm according to ionic conductivity to the gel electrolyte that the analysis showed that embodiment 2 of frequency response.
(2) small amount of gel is positioned between two sheet glass presses, examine under a microscope and have or not electrolyte to overflow.As a result, find that gel that embodiment 2 forms does not have electrolyte and overflows.
Embodiment 3
3-methacryloxypropyl dimethoxy silane: 1wt%
The inclined to one side trifluoro ethyl ester of methacrylic acid: 1.5wt%
Performed polymer (Mn=5,000): 5wt%
Poly-ten ethylene glycol dimethacrylates: 2wt%
Di-isopropyl peroxydicarbonate: 0.1wt%
Liquid electrolyte solution, 1M LiPF6, EMC: EC=1: 1 (weight ratio): 90.4%
By above-mentioned percentage by weight preparation mixed liquor, mixed liquor has good flowability, after stirring fully, carries out the segmentation thermal polymerization then, and first section polymerization temperature is 70 ℃, time 30min; Second section polymerization temperature is 40 ℃, time 72h, and mobile electrolyte mixed liquor has formed stabilizing gel attitude electrolyte.All these operations all are to carry out in the argon atmospher of doing.
Estimate the chemical property and the physical property of the gel electrolyte that forms:
(1) gel electrolyte that takes a morsel presses makes a simple and easy battery between two stainless steel electrodes.Measure the frequency response of AC impedance.Reach 8.2mS/cm according to ionic conductivity to the gel electrolyte that the analysis showed that embodiment 3 of frequency response.
(2) small amount of gel is positioned between two sheet glass presses, examine under a microscope and have or not electrolyte to overflow.As a result, find that gel that embodiment 3 forms does not have electrolyte and overflows.
Claims (20)
1, gel electrolyte of lithium ion battery is characterized in that: comprise following material: homopolymerization or performed polymer, crosslinking agent, the thermal initiator of copolymer and the nonaqueous solvents that includes lithium salts with the silane compound of unsaturated double-bond, the esters monomer with unsaturated double-bond, above-mentioned silane compound and esters monomer; The weight percent content of above-mentioned each composition is:
Silane compound: 1.0~20%
Esters monomer: 0~20%
Performed polymer: 0~20%
Crosslinking agent: 1~20%
Thermal initiator: 0.01~5%
The nonaqueous solvents that includes lithium salts: 60~96%, wherein the concentration of lithium salts is 0.3M~1.5M;
Described silane compound is expressed from the next:
R-Si(R
1R
2R
3)
2, gel electrolyte of lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the weight percent content of described silane compound is: 1~5%.
3, gel electrolyte of lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described esters monomer: be selected from least a in the following material: (Alpha-Methyl) alkyl acrylate, alkyl acrylate, (Alpha-Methyl) acrylic acid fluoroalkane ester, acrylic acid fluoroalkane ester.
4, as claim 1 or 3 described gel electrolyte of lithium ion battery, it is characterized in that: the weight percent content of described esters monomer is: 1~5%.
5, gel electrolyte of lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the weight percent content of described performed polymer is: 0~6%.
6, gel electrolyte of lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described performed polymer is to make the performed polymer with different molecular weight by the polymerisation in bulk mode.
7, gel electrolyte of lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described performed polymer is under the situation that organic solvent exists, the performed polymer that makes by the polymerisation in solution mode.
8, as claim 1 or 6 or 7 described gel electrolyte of lithium ion battery, it is characterized in that: the number-average molecular weight of described performed polymer is<50000.
9, gel electrolyte of lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that: the number-average molecular weight of described performed polymer is<20000.
10, gel electrolyte of lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described crosslinking agent is the polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate compound, is expressed from the next:
CH
2=C(R)COO(CH
2CH
2O)
n-COC(R)=CH
2
Wherein, n=0~12, R represents H or CH
3
11, as claim 1 or 10 described gel electrolyte of lithium ion battery, it is characterized in that: the weight percent content of described crosslinking agent is: 1~6%.
12, gel electrolyte of lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described thermal initiator is selected from least a in the following material: azodiisobutyronitrile, dibenzoyl peroxide, peroxy dicarbonate two (4-tert-butyl group cyclohexyl), laurylperoxide acyl, di-isopropyl peroxydicarbonate.
13, as claim 1 or 12 described gel electrolyte of lithium ion battery, it is characterized in that: the weight percent content of described thermal initiator is: 0.04~2%.
14, gel electrolyte of lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the described nonaqueous solvents that includes lithium salts: lithium salts wherein is selected from least a in the following material: LiPF
6, LiBF
4, LiClO
4, CF
3SO
3Li, (CF
3SO
2)
2Nli, LiAsF
6Nonaqueous solvents wherein is selected from least a in the following material: vinyl carbonate; Third rare carbonic ester; The butylene carbonic ester; 1,2-dimethyl vinyl carbonate; Ethyl butyl carbonate; Carbonic acid first butyl ester; Dibutyl carbonate; Diethyl carbonate; Dimethyl carbonate; Chloro-ethylene carbonate; The trifluoromethyl ethylene carbonate; The carbonic acid di-n-propyl ester; Carbonic acid two-isopropyl ester; Methyl ethyl carbonate; Ethyl propyl carbonic acid ester; The ethylene isopropyl ester; Carbonic acid first propyl ester; Carbonic acid first isopropyl ester; Dimethoxy-ethane; Diethoxyethane; Oxolane; The 2-methyltetrahydrofuran; The diglycol ethylene dimethyl ether; The triethylene glycol dimethyl ether contracts; Tetraethyleneglycol dimethyl ether contracts; 1, the 3-dioxolane; Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); Sulfolane; The 4-methyl isophthalic acid, 3-DOL; Gamma-butyrolacton; Methyl formate; Ethyl formate; Methyl acetate; Ethyl acetate; Methyl propionate; Ethyl propionate; Methyl butyrate; Ethyl butyrate; Inferior vinyl carbonate; The propane sultone; The ethene sulfite.
15, gel electrolyte of lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that: described lithium salts is selected from least a in the following material: LiPF
6, LiBF
4
16, as claim 1 or 14 or 15 described gel electrolyte of lithium ion battery, it is characterized in that: the concentration of lithium salts is in the described nonaqueous solvents that includes lithium salts: 0.8M~1.3M.
17, as claim 1 or 14 described gel electrolyte of lithium ion battery, it is characterized in that: the described weight percent content that includes the nonaqueous solvents of lithium salts is: 80~95%.
18, as the preparation method of the described gel electrolyte of lithium ion battery of arbitrary claim in the above-mentioned claim 1~17, it is characterized in that: at first each composition is mixed, be mixed with mixed liquor, and stir; Then above-mentioned mixed liquor is carried out thermal polymerization, finally form gel.
19, preparation method as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that: described thermal polymerization is an one-step polymerization, and polymerization temperature is 40~100 ℃.
20, preparation method as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that: described thermal polymerization is a step-by-step polymerization, and adopts high temperature initiation, low temperature polymerization, and wherein, initiation temperature is 70~100 ℃, and polymerization temperature is 25~50 ℃.
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CNB03158361XA CN1301565C (en) | 2003-09-28 | 2003-09-28 | Lithium ion cell gel liquor formula and method for preparing gel electrolytic liquor using same |
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CN1301565C true CN1301565C (en) | 2007-02-21 |
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