CN1152086C - Process for preparing gel-state lithium ion polymer as electrolyte and bettery - Google Patents
Process for preparing gel-state lithium ion polymer as electrolyte and bettery Download PDFInfo
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- CN1152086C CN1152086C CNB011130059A CN01113005A CN1152086C CN 1152086 C CN1152086 C CN 1152086C CN B011130059 A CNB011130059 A CN B011130059A CN 01113005 A CN01113005 A CN 01113005A CN 1152086 C CN1152086 C CN 1152086C
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The present invention relates to an electrolyte material of a lithium ion battery and a battery preparing method thereof. The danger of the lithium ion battery, such as a liquid leakage, corrosion, combustion, etc., exists in the prior art, even the new generation products have the shortages of complex method, high requirements for preparation process, etc. The present invention uses an acrylate ester series derivatives as monomers and cross linking agents, under the introduction of a thermal evocating agent, a liquid lithium ion electrolyte solution and an acrylate ester polymer form a gel state lithium ion polymer electrolyte material by a thermochemical crosslinking method. The method is used for manufacturing acrylate ester type polymer lithium ion batteries.
Description
The invention belongs to the preparation method of the electrolyte and the battery thereof of lithium ion battery.
Lithium ion battery is the novel high-energy battery that grows up after lead-acid cell, nickel-cadmium cell and nickel-hydrogen cell, and it plants battery than first three higher energy density per unit volume and gravimetric specific energy.The liquid electrolyte lithium ion battery was released market by Japanese Sony Corporation at first in 1991, at present both at home and abroad can mass production and be applied in various portable electric appts.The liquid electrolyte lithium ion battery adopts liquid electrolyte solution, and its composition is mainly by ethyl-carbonate (ethylene carbonate (EC), C
3H
4O
3), diethyl carbonate (diethyl carbonate (DEC), C
5H
10O
3), methylcarbonate (dimethyl carbonate (DMC), C
3H
6O
3), propyl carbonate (propylene carbonate (PC), C
4H
6O
3) wait organic solvent and various inorganic lithium salt such as LiPF
6, LiBF
4, LiAsF
6, LiClO
4, LiCF
3SO
3And LiN (CF
3SO
2)
2The lithium salt solution that is mixed with is an electrolyte solution.These lithium salt solutions provide specific conductivity greater than 10 for lithium ion battery
-3The electrolyte solution of S/cm has satisfied the requirement of the low internal resistance of lithium ion battery, high charge-discharge speed.The weak point of liquid lithium ionic cell be adopted volatile, easily flow thereby the organic solution of easy to leak, if improper use, might cause danger such as leakage, corrosion and burning, so liquid lithium ionic cell adopts all generally stainless material to make shell to improve security.
Now just at the polymer electrolyte lithium-ion battery of a new generation of development research, (U.S.patent 5 with the invention of Bellcore company in the representative of this respect, 540,741) be the porous-film technology (physical crosslinking method) and the gel state electrolyte material technology (US patents 5603982) (Chemical Crosslinking Methods) of material with biasfluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) multipolymer, these technology are wrapped in liquid electrolyte in the polymer network, have solved the potential safety hazards such as leakage, corrosion and burning that the liquid electrolyte lithium ion battery may exist.Polymer battery has been simplified the battery case packing, makes the lithium ion battery of big area, ultrathin type and high-energy-density become the energy source device of new generation of portable electric appts.But the preparation method of lithium ion battery complexity of this kind electrolyte, the processing requirement height, so cost is higher.
The objective of the invention is to develop a kind of preparation method of gel-state lithium ion polymer electrolyte.
The objective of the invention is to develop a kind of preparation method of battery of gel-state lithium ion polymer electrolyte.
The present invention with acrylate and derivative thereof be monomer, the acrylate and the derivative thereof that contain bifunctional or trifunctional be linking agent, makes acrylic ester polymer and liquid lithium ion electrolyte solution form electrolyte film of gel-state lithium ion polymer by the method that adds thermochemical crosslinking on the throne.Because adopt bifunctional or trifunctional group acrylate as linking agent, the thermopolymerization temperature is 40~100 ℃, the time is 3~20 minutes.The polymkeric substance that thermopolymerization forms is a three-dimensional net structure, and the gained gelling system has big electrolyte solution containing ability and good temperature profile.Gained gel polymer electrolyte film keeps the characteristics of liquid lithium ion electrolyte solution high conductivity, simultaneously gel polymer electrolyte fusing point (T
m) be higher than 90 ℃, the adverse consequences that has overcome electrolyte solution seepage, volatilization and brought thus.
Acrylate and derivatives monomer thereof that the present invention adopts comprise:
Its structural formula is CH
2=C (R
1) CO
2(CH
2CH
2O)
nR
2, R wherein
1The structure of group is H or CH
3The value of n is between 0-10; R
2Structure is C
mH
2m+1(m=1~6) ,-C
6H
5,-CH
2CF
3,-CH
2CF
2CF
2CF
3,-CH
2CF
2CHFCH
3,-CH (CF
3)
2,-Si (OCH
3)
3And-Si (CH
3)
3Deng.The per-cent that acrylate and derivatives monomer thereof account for gross weight is 2wt%-30wt%.
Acrylate and derivative linking agent thereof comprise: the acrylate of bifunctional and the acrylate of trifunctional.
The structural formula of the acrylate of bifunctional is: CH
2=C (R
1) CO
2(CH
2CH
2O)
n-R-(CH
2CH
2O)
n, COC (R
1)=CH
2. R wherein
1The structure of group is H or CH
3R is-C
6H
4-, (CO-C
6H
4-COO-) ,-(CH
2CH
2O)
m-or silane-group containing group.n=0~5,n’=0~5,m=0~5。
The structural formula of the acrylate of trifunctional is: (CH
2=C (R
1) CO
2(CH
2CH
2O)
nCH
2)
3CR, wherein R
1The structure of group is H or CH
3, the value of n is between 0-10, and R is methyl-CH
3Or ethyl-C
2H
5
Containing the acrylate of bifunctional or trifunctional and per-cent that derivative linking agent weight accounts for gross weight thereof is 0.1wt%-10wt%.
Monomer of the present invention is as CH
2=C (CH
3) COOCH
3, CH
2=CHCOOCH
2CH
2OSi (CH
3)
3, CH
2=C (CH
3) COOCH
2CH
2OCH
2CH
3, CH
2=CHCOOCH
2(CF
2)
2CF
3Deng.
Linking agent of the present invention is as CH
2=CHCOO (CH
2CH
2O)
10OCCH=CH
2, CH
2=CHCOO (CH
2CH
2O)
3OCCH=CH
2, C
6H
4(CO (OCH
2CH
2)
2OCOCH=CH
2)
2, (CH
2=CHCOOCH
2)
3CCH
2CH
3Deng.
The thermal initiator that is used to prepare the gelatin polymer polyreaction is a polyreaction thermal initiator commonly used, can be: dibenzoyl peroxide ((C
6H
5CO
2)
2), peroxidation two (o-methyl-benzene formyl) ((CH
3C
6H
4CO
2)
2), acetyl peroxide isobutyryl (CH
3CO-O-O-COCH (CH
3)
2), di-isopropyl peroxydicarbonate (((CH
3)
2CHOCO
2)
2), di-cyclohexylperoxy dicarbonate ((C
6H
11OCO
2)
2), peroxy dicarbonate two (4-tertiary butyl cyclohexyl) (((CH
3)
3CC
6H
10OCO
2)
2), the peroxidation trimethylacetic acid tert-butyl ester ((CH
3)
3C-CO-O-O-C (CH
3)
3) etc.The per-cent that thermal initiator weight accounts for the liquid gross weight is 0.1wt%-1.2wt%.
The liquid lithium ion electrolyte solution is: 1M LiPF
6, EC/DEC=1/1 (w/w); 1MLiPF
6, EC/DMC=1/1 (w/w); 1M LiPF
6, EC/PC=1/1 (w/w); 1M LiPF
6, EC/DEC/PC=1/1/1 (w/w/w); 1M LiPF
6, EC/DEC/DMC=1/1/1 (w/w/w).The per-cent that liquid lithium ion electrolyte salt solution weight accounts for gross weight is 60wt%-95wt%.
The present invention adopts acrylate and derivatives monomer, linking agent, initiator and organic electrolyte liquid mixed solution as the precursor of gel polymer electrolyte, prepares the gel-state lithium ion polymer ionogen by the thermochemical crosslinking method.Before thermopolymerization, this mixed solution has good flowability under the room temperature in considerable time, is applicable to the automatization vacuum liquid-injection equipment of making battery.
The present invention adopts acrylate and derivatives monomer, linking agent, initiator and the organic electrolyte liquid mixed solution precursor as gel polymer electrolyte, after this mixed solution injects battery container by the vacuum liquid-injection equipment, mixed solution has good flowability, can soak into and infiltrate through in barrier film and the positive and negative electrode film, the heating battery body can make this mixed solution aggregate into gel state.
The thermopolymerization temperature is 40 ℃ to 100 ℃, and be 3 to 20 minutes heat-up time.Because gelinite contains liquid electrolyte up to 90wt%, can obviously not reduce electrolytical lithium ion conductivity.Heat polymerization process can be carried out behind battery seal or before not sealing.
Acrylate and derivatives monomer structural formula thereof that the present invention adopts are CH
2=C (R
1) CO
2(CH
2CH
2O)
nR
2, wherein n=0~3 are better, R
2Be C
mH
2m+1, wherein m=1~3 are better, and raw material is cheap and easy to get, for example: CH
2=C (CH
3) COOCH
3CH
2=C (CH
3) COOCH
2CH
2OCH
2CH
3Deng.
The acrylate of bifunctional of the present invention and derivative linking agent thereof are CH
2=C (R
1) COO (CH
2CH
2O)
n-R-(CH
2CH
2O)
n, COC (R
1)=CH
2, n=1~3 wherein, n '=1~3 is better, and raw material is cheap and easy to get, for example: CH
2=CHCOO (CH
2CH
2O)
3OCCH=CH
2, C
6H
4(CO (OCH
2CH
2)
2OCOCH=CH
2)
2Deng.
The acrylate of trifunctional and derivative linking agent thereof are (CH
2=C (R
1) CO
2(CH
2CH
2O)
nCH
2)
3CR, wherein n=0~6 are better, and raw material is cheap and easy to get, for example: (CH
2=CHCOOCH
2)
3CCH
2CH
3, (CH
2=CHCOOCH
2CH
2O)
3CCH
2CH
3Deng.
Above-mentioned reactant feed, the content (by total amount) of the linking agent of acrylate and derivatives monomer thereof, the acrylate that contains bifunctional or trifunctional and derivative thereof, thermal initiator, lithium-ion electrolyte solution is respectively (wt%):
Monomer: 4~10;
Linking agent: 0.2~5;
Thermal initiator: 0.1~1;
Lithium-ion electrolyte solution: 85~90.
Forming gel network after the mixed solution thermopolymerization of above-mentioned content makes the lithium ion battery performance more stable and good.
The thermopolymerization temperature is better in 60~90 ℃ of scopes, promptly improves reaction efficiency, has guaranteed the performance of product again.
Cell package form of the present invention can be cylindrical, and flat box-shaped or thin slice shape are convenient to the use of various complete machines.
Battery container material of the present invention can be selected according to the needs of various uses, can be stainless steel or metallic aluminium or aluminium foil-plastics multilayer complex films.
The composite structure form of the anodal band of inside battery, barrier film and negative electrode band can adopt coiling form or lamination form.It is two-sided that cathode film is applied to aluminium foil, and positive electrode active materials is lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO
2), lithium manganese oxide (LiMn
2O
4) or lithium cobalt nickel oxide (LiNi
xCo
1-xO
2, x=0~1), conductive agent is an acetylene black, binding agent is the mixture of polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) (PVDF) or polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) (PVDF) and polyacrylic ester.It is two-sided that negative electrode film is applied to Copper Foil, and negative active core-shell material is carbosphere (MCMB), synthetic graphite or the mixture of the two, and conductive agent is an acetylene black, and binding agent is the mixture of polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) (PVDF) or polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) (PVDF) and polyacrylic ester.
Diaphragm material adopts the non-woven fabrics or the porous-film of polypropylene, polythene material, thickness 5-25 micron, and preferably thickness is at the 10-15 micron, and porosity is greater than 35%.
The inventive method raw material sources are extensive, and the preparation method is simple, and processing requirement is convenient, and cost is not high.Since monomer in the inventive method, linking agent, electrolyte solution, initiator during as the precursor of gel polymer electrolyte under the room temperature mixed solution good flowability is arranged, the therefore automatization vacuum liquid-injection equipment of very suitable making battery in the long duration.The battery that the inventive method is made has high conductivity, and the adverse consequences of having avoided electrolyte solution seepage, volatilization and having brought thus, has a good application prospect.
The preparation 1 of example 1 gel-state lithium ion polymer electrolyte and battery
Methyl methacrylate (CH
2=C (CH
3) CO
2CH
3, MMA): 9wt%
PDDA (C
6H
4(CO (OCH
2CH
2)
2OCOCH=CH)
2, PDDA): 2.5wt%
Dibenzoyl peroxide ((C
6H
5CO
2)
2, BPO): 0.5wt%
Electrolyte solution, 1M liPF
6, EC/PC=1/1 (w/w): 88wt%
Under dry environment and room temperature situation, by above-mentioned weight percent preparation mixed solution.Mixed solution should become transparence and good flowability is arranged, adopt vacuum injection or coating method to make positive pole, negative pole and barrier film absorb mixed solution, then carry out thermopolymerization, polymerization temperature 85-90 ℃, time 15-20 minute, mobile liquid electrolyte was transformed into gel state electrolyte.
Comparative example 1
Methyl methacrylate (CH
2=C (CH
3) CO
2CH
3, MMA): 3.5wt%;
PDDA (C
6H
4(CO (OCH
2CH
2)
2OCOCH=CH
2)
2, PDDA): 1.2wt%;
Dibenzoyl peroxide ((C
6H
5CO
2)
2, BPO): 0.3wt%;
Electrolyte solution, 1M liPF
6, EC/PC=1/1 (w/w): 95wt%.
Under dry environment and room temperature situation, by above-mentioned weight percent preparation mixed solution.Mixed solution should become transparence and good flowability is arranged, 90 ℃ of thermopolymerization temperature, and time 15-20 minute, it is liquid that mobile liquid electrolyte still keeps, can't gelation.
The preparation 2 of example 2 gel-state lithium ion polymer electrolytes and battery
Methyl methacrylate (CH
2=C (CH
3) CO
2CH
3, MMA): 8wt%;
Triethylene glycol diacrylate (CH
2=CHCOO (CH
2CH
2O)
3OCCH=CH
2, TEGDA): 1.4wt%;
Dibenzoyl peroxide ((C
6H
5CO
2)
2, BPO): 0.6wt%;
Electrolyte solution, 1M liPF
6, EC/DEC=1/1 (w/w): 90wt%.
Under dry environment and room temperature situation, by above-mentioned weight percent preparation mixed solution, mixed solution should become transparence and good flowability is arranged.Adopt vacuum injection or coating method to make positive pole, negative pole and barrier film absorb mixed solution, then carry out thermopolymerization, polymerization temperature 85-90 ℃, time 15-20 minute, mobile liquid electrolyte was transformed into gel state electrolyte.
The preparation 3 of example 3 gel-state lithium ion polymer electrolytes and battery
Methyl methacrylate (CH
2=C (CH
3) CO
2CH
3, MMA): 7.5wt%;
PDDA (C
6H
4(CO (OCH
2CH
2)
2OCOCH=CH)
2, PDDA): 2wt%;
Peroxy dicarbonate two (4-tertiary butyl cyclohexyl) (((CH
3)
3CC
6H
10OCO
2)
2): 0.5wt%;
Electrolyte solution, 1M liPF
6, EC/DEC=1/1 (w/w): 90wt%.
Under dry environment and room temperature situation, by above-mentioned weight percent preparation mixed solution, mixed solution should become transparence and good flowability is arranged.Adopt vacuum injection or coating method to make positive pole, negative pole and barrier film absorb mixed solution, then carry out thermopolymerization, polymerization temperature 70-75 ℃, time 8-12 minute, mobile liquid electrolyte became gel state electrolyte.
The preparation 4 of example 4 gel-state lithium ion polymer electrolytes and battery
Methyl methacrylate (CH
2=C (CH
3) CO
2CH
3, MMA): 8wt%;
Viscoat 295 ((H
2C=CHCO
2CH
2)
3CC
2H
5, TMPTA): 1.5wt%;
Peroxy dicarbonate two (4-tertiary butyl cyclohexyl) (((CH
3)
3CC
6H
10OCO
2)
2): 0.5wt%;
Electrolyte solution, 1M liPF
6, EC/DMC=1/1 (w/w): 90wt%;
Under dry environment and room temperature situation, by above-mentioned weight percent preparation mixed solution, mixed solution should become transparence and good flowability is arranged.Adopt vacuum injection or coating method to make positive pole, negative pole and barrier film absorb mixed solution, then carry out thermopolymerization, polymerization temperature 65-70 ℃, time 12-15 minute, mobile liquid electrolyte became gel state electrolyte.
Comparative example 2
Methyl methacrylate (CH
2=C (CH
3) CO
2CH
3, MMA): 8w%;
Viscoat 295 (H
2C=CHCO
2CH
2)
3CC
2H
5, TMPTA): 1.5wt%;
Peroxy dicarbonate two (4-tertiary butyl cyclohexyl) (((CH
3)
3CC
6H
10OCO
2)
2): 0.5wt%;
Electrolyte solution, 1M liPF
6, EC/DMC=1/1 (w/w): 90wt%.
Under dry environment and room temperature situation, by above-mentioned weight percent preparation mixed solution, mixed solution should become transparence and good flowability is arranged.85 ℃ of thermopolymerization temperature, time 5-8 minute, mobile liquid electrolyte became gel state electrolyte, but bubble is many.
The preparation 5 of example 5 gel-state lithium ion polymer electrolytes and battery
Methacrylic acid ethoxy ethyl ester (CH
2=C (CH
3) CO
2CH
2CH
2OC
2H
5, EMA): 8wt%;
TriMethylolPropane(TMP) ethylene glycol triacrylate (H
2C=CHCO
2CH
2CH
2OCH
2)
3CC
2H
5, TMPEOTA): 1.5wt%;
Peroxy dicarbonate two (4-tertiary butyl cyclohexyl) (((CH
3)
3CC
6H
10OCO
2)
2): 0.5wt%;
Electrolyte solution, 1M liPF
6, EC/DEC/DMC=1/1/1 (w/w/w): 90wt%.
Under dry environment and room temperature situation, by above-mentioned weight percent preparation mixed solution, mixed solution should become transparence and good flowability is arranged.Adopt vacuum injection or coating method to make positive pole, negative pole and barrier film absorb mixed solution, then carry out thermopolymerization, polymerization temperature 65-70 ℃, time 12-15 minute, mobile liquid electrolyte became gel state electrolyte.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of preparation method of gel-state lithium ion polymer electrolyte, it is characterized in that with acrylate and derivatives monomer thereof, with the acrylate and the derivative thereof that contain bifunctional or trifunctional is linking agent, with electrolyte is acrylate and derivatives monomer thereof, lithium-ion electrolyte liquid, acrylate and derivative linking agent thereof, the mixed solution of initiator injects by the vacuum liquid-injection equipment and contains in the battery container of diaphragm material and positive and negative electrode complex body, the heating battery housing makes this mixed solution aggregate into gel state, make acrylic ester polymer network and liquid lithium ion electrolyte solution form the gel-state lithium ion polymer electrolyte by thermochemical crosslinking, 40~100 ℃ of thermopolymerization temperature, 3~20 minutes time, wherein:
Acrylate and derivatives monomer structural formula thereof are:
CH
2=C (R
1) CO
2(CH
2CH
2O)
nR
2, R wherein
1Be H or CH
3, n=0~10; R
2Be in the following structure any, C
mH
2m+1(m=1~6) ,-C
6H
5,-CH
2-CF
3,-CH
2-CF
2-CF
2-CF
3,-CH
2-CF
2-CHFCH
3,-CH (CF
3)
2,-Si (OCH
3)
3And-Si (CH
3)
3
Bifunctional acrylate and derivative linking agent structural formula thereof are:
CH
2=C (R
1) CO
2(CH
2CH
2O)
n-R-(CH
2CH
2O)
n, COC (R
1)=CH
2, R wherein
1Be H or CH
3, R is any in the following structure :-C
6H
4-,-CO-C
6H
4-COO-,-(CH
2CH
2O)
m-and silane-group containing group; N=0~5, n '=0~5, m=0~3; Trifunctional group acrylate and derivative linking agent structure thereof are:
(CH
2=C (R
1) CO
2(CH
2CH
2O)
nCH
2)
3CR, its R
1Be H or CH
3, n=0~10, R is-CH
3Or-C
2H
5
The content (by total amount) of the linking agent of aforesaid propylene acid esters and derivatives monomer thereof, the acrylate that contains bifunctional or trifunctional and derivative thereof, thermal initiator, lithium-ion electrolyte solution is respectively (wt%):
Monomer: 2~30;
Linking agent: 0.1~10;
Thermal initiator: 0.1~1.2;
Lithium-ion electrolyte solution: 60~95.
2, the preparation method of gel-state lithium ion polymer electrolyte according to claim 1 is characterized in that n=0~3 in acrylate and the derivatives monomer structure thereof, m=1~3.
3, the preparation method of gel-state lithium ion polymer electrolyte according to claim 1 is characterized in that n=0~3 in the acrylate cross linked dose of structure of bifunctional, n '=0~5, m=0~3.
4, the preparation method of gel-state lithium ion polymer electrolyte according to claim 1 is characterized in that n=0~6 in the acrylate cross linked dose of structure of trifunctional.
5, the preparation method of gel-state lithium ion polymer electrolyte according to claim 1 is characterized in that acrylate and derivatives monomer thereof, contains linking agent, the thermal initiator of the acrylate of bifunctional or trifunctional and derivative thereof, the content (by total amount) of lithium-ion electrolyte solution is respectively (wt%):
Monomer: 4~10;
Linking agent: 0.2~5;
Thermal initiator: 0.1~1;
Lithium-ion electrolyte solution: 85~90.
6, the preparation method of gel-state lithium ion polymer electrolyte according to claim 1 is characterized in that the thermopolymerization temperature is 60~90 ℃.
7, the preparation method of gel-state lithium ion polymer electrolyte according to claim 1 is characterized in that the cell package form is cylinder shape or flat square type or slice-type.
8, the preparation method of gel-state lithium ion polymer electrolytic cell according to claim 1, it is characterized in that case material is stainless steel or metallic aluminium or aluminium foil-plastics multilayer complex films, the heating battery body makes mixed solution form gel state with the preparation polymer Li-ion battery.
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2001
- 2001-05-25 CN CNB011130059A patent/CN1152086C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN101200568B (en) * | 2006-12-14 | 2011-04-13 | 西北工业大学 | Gel polymer electrolytes and preparation method thereof |
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