CN1299481C - Single carrier transmission system able to adapting change of dynamic environment and its method - Google Patents
Single carrier transmission system able to adapting change of dynamic environment and its method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1299481C CN1299481C CNB031359620A CN03135962A CN1299481C CN 1299481 C CN1299481 C CN 1299481C CN B031359620 A CNB031359620 A CN B031359620A CN 03135962 A CN03135962 A CN 03135962A CN 1299481 C CN1299481 C CN 1299481C
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
- H04L25/03006—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
- H04L25/03012—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference operating in the time domain
- H04L25/03019—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference operating in the time domain adaptive, i.e. capable of adjustment during data reception
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
- H04L25/03006—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
- H04L2025/0335—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference characterised by the type of transmission
- H04L2025/03375—Passband transmission
- H04L2025/03382—Single of vestigal sideband
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- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
- Television Systems (AREA)
- Error Detection And Correction (AREA)
- Detection And Prevention Of Errors In Transmission (AREA)
- Compression Or Coding Systems Of Tv Signals (AREA)
Abstract
A single carrier transmitting system adaptable to a dynamic environment change and a method thereof are provided to easily keep up with frequent changes of a channel in a dynamic environment. A scrambler(100) randomizes transmitting data signals. An FEC(Forward Error Correction) unit(110) corrects a bit error of an inputted data stream. A domain dividing unit(120) searches the data stream corrected by the FEC unit with counting the number of symbols of the corrected data stream. The domain dividing unit divides the data stream into a plurality of domains based on the counted value. A PN(Pseudo Noise sequence) information generator generates PN information which is synchronous information for synchronization between a transmitting side and a receiving side. A multiplexer(130) inserts the PN information between the divided data streams.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to single carrier transmitting system and method thereof, relate in particular to the single carrier transmitting system and the method thereof of the reliability that can improve the signal that is transmitted.
Background technology
In communication multimedia, computer and the broadcasting epoch, countries in the world are all always in the broadcasting of digitized simulation type.Particularly, use the digit broadcasting system of satellite to be developed and to have dropped into practicality in developed country such as the U.S., Europe and Japanese.Along with development fast, proposed the different standards that is used for digital broadcasting respectively in various countries.
On December 24th, 1996, the Federal Communications Committee of the U.S. (FCC) passed through the broadcast standard of the digital television standard of Advanced Television Systems Committee as TV of future generation.All terrestrial broadcasting operators must observe and video/audio compression, packet data transmission structure, the modulation ATSC standard relevant with the transmission system standard.Have only the standard of video format not announced (stated), but determine by industrial quarters.
According to the ATSC standard, described video compression scheme employing motion image expert group 2 (, ISO/IEC IS13812-2 standard MPEG-2).This standard has been adopted to the standard of all digital broadcasting types of the whole world.Audio compression scheme adopts digital audio compression-3 (AC-3) standard of being proposed by Dolby.The ISO/IEC IS13812 standard of MPEG-2 system has been adopted to a kind of multichannel multiplexing method.This multichannel multiplexing method and video compression scheme are used as in the motion in Europe together.8-vestigial sideband (8-VSB) is adopted to the method for modulation and transmission.Described VSB method is proposed for digital television broadcasting, and the frequency band that uses 6MHz is to obtain the high frequency band efficiency data transfer rate of 19.39Mbps by a simple structure.This also be designed to minimize and the broadcast channel of the existing broadcast system of NTSC (NTSC) between interference.Even for also can stable operation under noise circumstance, this method have been used pilot signal, segment sync signal and field sync signal.Further, for fear of mistake, this method has been used Read-Solomon (RS) sign indicating number and grid (Trellis) coding.
The ATSC digital television standard is to be used to use single carrier VSB method with 6MHz frequency band transmission high-quality video, audio frequency and additional data, and supports terrestrial broadcasting pattern and High Data Rate wired broadcasting pattern simultaneously.The main aspect of this method is the 8-VSB modulator approach, and this method is a kind of modification of existing simulation VSB method, can the modulation of combine digital signal.
Fig. 1 is the schematic block diagram that illustrates according to the digit broadcasting system of ATSC standard.With reference to Fig. 1, described digit broadcasting system comprises scrambler 10, forward error correction (FEC) unit 20, multiplexer (MUX) 30, pilot plug-in unit 40, modulating unit 50 and radio frequency (RF) transducer 60.Described FEC unit 20 comprises Read-Solomon (RS) encoder 21, interleaver 23 and trellis encoder 25.
Scrambler 10 is called as the data random device, and it carries out randomization operation to data signals transmitted, prevent whereby since during synchronous data transmission owing to repeat the problem that synchronizing signal that numeral such as 00000000b or 11111111b cause is lost.The predetermined pattern of scrambler 10 usefulness changes the byte of each data-signal, and this processing be reversed so that accurate value is resumed at receiving terminal.
The order of 23 pairs of data flow of interleaver interweaves, and disperses the data of transmission whereby on time shaft.By doing like this, the data of transmission become and are not afraid of (insensitive) interference.By disperseing the data of transmission, when appearing at certain location, noise kept signal at other frequency band.Receiver reverses above-mentioned processing, reverts to the transmission signals that disperses with primary signal just the same whereby.
Different with RS encoder 21, trellis encoder 25 has a dissimilar FEC structure.And different with the RS encoder 21 that constitutes whole M PEG-II stream, trellis encoder 25 considers that the influence of time encodes.This b referred to as convolution code.Trellis encoder 25 is divided into 42 bit words to the byte of 8 bits.Described 2 bit words quilts and previous word compare, and generate the binary code of one 3 bit, and purpose is to describe the change from previous word to current word.This 3 bit code is transferred to the 8 level code elements of described 8-VSB rather than 2 original bit words (3 bits=8 level).Therefore, 2 bit words that are input to trellis encoder 25 are converted and export as 3 bit signals.Because this feature, 8-VSB is called as 2/3 rate coding device sometimes.The advantage of grid coding is that signal can be followed the tracks of with chronomere, thereby has removed error message.
Behind the grid coding of trellis encoder 25, multiplexer 30 inserts the synchronous and field sync of section in transmission signals.Pilot plug-in unit 40 is inserted into the ATSC pilot tone and has been inserted into section synchronously and the transmission signals of field sync.Here, after just finishing modulation, apply a 1.25v that slight DC deviation is arranged to the 8-VSB baseband signal at once.When this takes place, at slight residual carrier of zero frequency point appearance of modulation spectrum.The residual carrier of this generation is called as " ATSC pilot tone ".
Modulating unit 50 is by using the signal modulation of 8-VSB modulation to receiving from pilot plug-in unit 40.The signal of radio frequency converter 60 conversion modulation, and export the signal of conversion by antenna.
The ATSC data segment is made of 187 bytes and 20 bytes of original MPEG-II data flow.Behind grid coding, 207 bytes of section are become the individual 8 level code element stream in 828 (207 * 4).
Segment sync signal is the pulse of 41 bytes, and described pulse is repeatedly added to the beginning of data segment and is used to replace the sync byte of original MPEG-II transport stream.Receiver can be distinguished the segment sync signal of repeat pattern from the data of completely random, even and can also and disturb when being in the level that does not allow the data self-recovery accurately recovered clock at noise.Figure 2 illustrates the section that segment sync signal (that is, section synchronously) is assigned to its transmission signals.As shown, the section of transmission signals comprises the segment sync signal of 4 code elements, the transmission mode that is respectively 3 pseudo noises (PN) sequence of 63 code elements, 24 code elements, 96 reservation code elements and 12 pre-sign indicating number code elements.The PN sequence is the synchronizing information sequence that is used for the synchronous and channel estimating of receiver.The PN sequence is produced by PN sequence generation unit (not shown), and is inserted in the transmission signals by multiplexer 30.
Fig. 3 is the view that the frame structure of ATSC data is shown.With reference to Fig. 3, the field of ATSC data comprises 313 continuous data segments, and ATSC field sync (being field sync) becomes the field data section.The ATSC Frame is made of 2 ATSC data fields.
Repeat the ATSC data field with time interval 24.2ms, the 16.7ms perpendicular separation of this and NTSC is similar.Section has well-known data symbols pattern synchronously, and is used in the receiver to remove ghost image.More particularly, remove ghost image and be by relatively, and use the error vector that draws to adjust ghost image and remove the characteristic of equalizer and realize the signal that comprises mistake and field sync.
Fig. 4 is the view that is shown schematically in the frame structure of the transmission signals in the single carrier transmitting system that adopts QAM and QPSK modulation as U.S. ATSC standard.In this system, Move Mode is used different modulator approaches with fixed mode, Move Mode is used the QPSK modulation and fixed mode is used 16QAM.For in fixed mode lot of data, this system standard is implemented 64QAM or 256QAM.
With reference to Fig. 4, the frame of transmission signals comprises in order: frame synchronization, payload 1, training symbol, payload 2 and tail code element.Frame synchronization comprises the series of 3 pseudo noises (PN) sequence, and wherein each pseudo noise sequence is made of 511 code elements, and is control bit after the PN sequence and is remaining bit behind control bit.The series of described 3 PN sequences is called as training symbol.Here, at the bit that is transmitted by the order wire that is used for transfer of data, control bit is the bit that is used to control, for example parity bits, initial bits or end bit.
Remaining bit is the zone that is used for time shaft change, Bit-Rate Reduction and error correction.Payload is the zone that is used for the information relevant with the upper strata, and can be used to communication service.The tail code element is used for the additional information (that is, identifying information) that will transmit, and is called as ' tail ' symbol region, because it is added to the final node of frame.
As shown in Figure 4, the frame of transmission signals has a structure that is inserted into the series of 3 PN sequences in frame synchronization, and inserts payload 1 there.In other words, training symbol is inserted into twice in a frame.The change of the channel in dynamic environment is caught up with by this frame structure obstruction system, and is that change wherein takes place even also faster than the time interval of first and second training symbols.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of single carrier transmitting system and method thereof that can adapt to the change in dynamic environment.
In order to realize top target, provide a kind of single carrier transmitting system.This single carrier transmitting system comprises: the scrambler unit is used for TS (transport stream) scrambler to transmitting; The FEC unit is used for carrying out forward error correction from the TS behind the scrambler of scrambler unit to form coding TS; The zone determining unit is used for the coded data stream from described FEC unit is defined as a plurality of zones, and exports a control signal; Multiplexer, be used to receive TS, frame synchronization, tail code element, PN sequence and the described control signal of described coding, multiplexed by the PN sequence of inserting described frame synchronization, described tail code element, predetermined number to a plurality of definite zone of described TS according to described control signal to carry out; Modulating unit is used for multiplexed TS modulation; And radio frequency converter, be used for carry out the radio frequency conversion from the TS after the modulation of described modulating unit, wherein, described regional determining unit is carried out described definite according to the modulating mode of described modulating unit.
According to another aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of single carrier transmission method.Described single carrier transmission method comprises following step: to TS (transport stream) scrambler that will transmit; To in the scrambler step, being carried out forward error correction to form the TS of coding by the TS behind the scrambler; To be defined as a plurality of zones from the coded data stream of described FEC unit, and export a control signal; Receive TS, frame synchronization, tail code element, PN sequence and the described control signal of described coding, multiplexed by the PN sequence of inserting described frame synchronization, described tail code element, predetermined number to a plurality of definite zone of described TS according to described control signal to carry out; To multiplexed TS modulation; With the TS after the modulation is carried out the radio frequency conversion, wherein, described regional determining step is carried out according to the modulating mode of described modulating unit and is describedly determined.
Description of drawings
Above-mentioned target of the present invention and feature are by will be more clear to the explanation of embodiments of the invention with reference to accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the block diagram that schematically shows according to the digital broadcasting transmission system of ATSC standard;
Fig. 2 is the view that is illustrated in the section of the transmission signals among Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the view that the frame structure of transmission signals among Fig. 1 is shown;
Fig. 4 is the view that is illustrated schematically in the frame structure of transmission signals in the single carrier transmitting system that uses QAM and QPSK modulation;
Fig. 5 is the block diagram that schematically shows according to digital broadcasting transmission system of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the flow chart that the digital broadcast transmission method of digital broadcasting transmission system shown in Figure 5 is shown;
Fig. 7 is the view of frame structure that the transmission signals of digital broadcasting transmission system shown in Figure 5 is shown.
Embodiment
Below this, be described with reference to the accompanying drawings the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the block diagram that schematically shows according to digital broadcasting transmission system of the present invention.With reference to Fig. 5, described digital broadcasting transmission system comprises scrambler 100, forward error correction (FEC) unit 110, multiplexer (MUX) 120, regional determining unit 130, modulating unit 140 and radio frequency (RF) transducer 150.Described FEC unit 110 comprises Read-Solomon (RS) encoder 111, block interleaver 113 and trellis encoder 115.Described regional determining unit 130 has a counter 131.
Fig. 6 is the flow chart that the digital broadcast transmission method of digital broadcasting transmission system shown in Figure 5 is shown.Below this, will the operation according to single carrier transmitting system of the present invention be elaborated with reference to accompanying drawing.
During synchronous data transmission, at step S610, scrambler 100 owing to repeat the problem of losing such as synchronizing signal that causes such as 00000000b or 11111111b, carries out random operation to data signals transmitted in order to prevent during synchronous data transmission.Scrambler 100 is according to the byte value of predetermined pattern change data-signal, and it is reversed processing to recover accurate initial data at receiver.
At step S620, FEC unit 110 is revised from the bit mistake of the relevant input traffic of scrambler 100 outputs.Because RS encoder 111, interleaver 113 and trellis encoder 115 are constructed and are operated in the same mode in the digit broadcasting system of ATSC standard, will omit further instruction here.
Simultaneously, at step S630, regional determining unit 130 determines that the encoded data stream from described FEC unit 110 is a plurality of zones, exports a control signal.More particularly, regional determining unit 130 search are by the data flow of FEC unit 110 corrections.Therefore, the number of symbols of the data flow of the counter 131 counting corrections of regional determining unit 130.
Zone determining unit 130 is based on determining a plurality of zones by the end value of counter 131 countings from data flow (DS).Stored the preset value in the zone of determining that is respectively applied for data flow in the determining unit 130 of zone, and described preset value is scheduled according to the modulating mode of modulating unit 140.Therefore, regional determining unit 130 compares value and the described preset value of being counted by counter 131, and correspondingly determines each zone of data flow when the value when counting reaches preset value.Under the situation of QAM, regional determining unit 130 preferably is configured to determine 4 zones from data flow.Owing to often sending the PN sequence data flow is worsened, regional determining unit 130 needs consideration to be configured to determine the number in suitable zone according to the change of channel-changing in dynamic environment and data flow.Certainly, the number in the zone that is determined of data flow is variable.
Subsequently at step S640, TS, the frame synchronization of MUX 120 received codes, tail code element, PN sequence and control signal are by multiplexed to carry out to the PN sequence of the described frame synchronization of determining of a plurality of zone insertions of described TS, described tail code element, predetermined number according to described control signal.
Pseudo noise (PN) sequence generation unit (not shown) produces the PN sequence, that is, it produces and is used for synchronizing information synchronous between conveyer and receiver, and gives MUX 120 the PN sequence transmission that produces subsequently.Here, described " conveyer " refers to the receiving terminal that is equipped with digital broadcasting transmission system to use single carrier mode transmission of digital to broadcast, and " receiver " refers to the receiving terminal that receives the digital broadcasting of transmission with the single carrier mode.
Behind the grid coding that trellis encoder 115 is carried out, MUX 120 inserts frame synchronization at the beginning part of the TS of coding.Further, MUX 120 inserts the PN sequence to the zone of being determined by regional determining unit 130.Insert in data flow under the situation of frame synchronization at MUX 120, PN sequence, control bit and remaining bit are merged and are inserted in the head part of TS of coding.In the above description, entire stream, it is original input, is known as transmission signals, and the zone of data flow is called as definite zone.
At step S650, modulating unit 140 basis such as QAM patterns are to the multiplexed TS modulation from MUX 120, and finally at step S660, the TS of 160 pairs of modulation of radio frequency converter carries out the radio frequency conversion, and by the signal after the antenna transmission conversion.
Fig. 7 is the view of frame structure that the transmission signals of digital broadcasting transmission system shown in Figure 5 is shown.Fig. 7 shows the frame structure under the QAM situation.As shown in Figure 7, under the situation of QAM, the frame of described signal comprises, in order: frame synchronization, a plurality of payload and training symbols that have 2 PN sequences in two adjacent payloads.Payload number in Fig. 7 is 4, yet it is variable that this number is based on situation.According to QAM, MUX 120 can be formed at and insert a PN sequence with 255 code elements in two adjacent zones of determining and another has the PN sequence of 256 code elements.This is because the QAM system is that unit inserts the PN sequence with 511 code elements.Perhaps, MUX 120 can be formed at and insert two in two adjacent zones of determining wherein each has the PN sequence of 255 code elements.In this case, the payload of frame is added to payload big 3 code elements of beguine according to the frame of QAM.
A kind of like this mode of best regional determining unit 130 usefulness is come the zone of specified data stream, and in this way, the PN sequence of 511 code elements is inserted in the data flow above three times.
Therefore, this single carrier transmitting system goes for taking place in the channel the often dynamic environment of change.
Though described the preferred embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to described preferred embodiment, limits within the spirit and scope of the present invention as claim and can carry out various variations and change.
Claims (16)
1. single carrier transmitting system comprises:
The scrambler unit is used for the transport stream scrambler to transmitting;
The FEC unit is used for carrying out forward error correction from the transport stream behind the scrambler of scrambler unit to form coding transport stream;
The zone determining unit is used for the transport stream from the coding of described FEC unit is defined as a plurality of zones, and exports a control signal;
Multiplexer, be used to receive transport stream, frame synchronization, tail code element, PN sequence and the described control signal of described coding, multiplexed by the PN sequence of inserting described frame synchronization, described tail code element, predetermined number to a plurality of definite zone of described transport stream according to described control signal to carry out;
Modulating unit is used for multiplexed transport stream modulation; With
Radio frequency converter is used for carrying out the radio frequency conversion from the transport stream after the modulation of described modulating unit,
Wherein, described regional determining unit is carried out described definite according to the modulating mode of described modulating unit.
2. single carrier transmitting system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said modulating mode is QAM.
3. single carrier transmitting system as claimed in claim 2, wherein multiplexed transport stream comprise, in order: frame synchronization, a plurality of payload and tail code element that has 2 PN sequences in two adjacent payloads.
4. single carrier transmitting system as claimed in claim 3, wherein said frame synchronization comprises the series of 3 PN sequences, wherein each PN sequence is made of 511 code elements, and control bit is right after after the PN sequence and remaining bit is right after after control bit, and the series of described 3 PN sequences is training symbols.
5. single carrier transmitting system as claimed in claim 4, wherein two PN sequences between described payload are made of 255 code elements and 256 code elements respectively.
6. single carrier transmitting system as claimed in claim 4, wherein each of two PN sequences between described payload is made of 255 code elements.
7. single carrier transmitting system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the number of payload is 4.
8. as each described single carrier transmitting system of claim of front, wherein said regional determining unit comprises a counter that is used to count from the transport stream of the coding of described FEC unit, so that compare with preset value, and when count value reaches preset value, determine each zone.
9. a single carrier transmission method comprises the following steps:
To the transport stream scrambler that will transmit;
To in the scrambler step, being carried out forward error correction to form the transport stream of coding by the transport stream behind the scrambler;
The transport stream of coding is defined as a plurality of zones, and exports a control signal;
Receive transport stream, frame synchronization, tail code element, PN sequence and the described control signal of described coding, multiplexed by the PN sequence of inserting described frame synchronization, described tail code element, predetermined number to a plurality of definite zone of described transport stream according to described control signal to carry out;
To multiplexed transport stream modulation; With
Transport stream after the modulation is carried out the radio frequency conversion,
Wherein, described regional determining step is carried out described definite according to the modulating mode of described modulation step.
10. single carrier transmission method as claimed in claim 9, wherein said modulating mode is QAM.
11. single carrier transmission method as claimed in claim 10, wherein multiplexed transport stream comprise, in order: frame synchronization, a plurality of payload and tail code element that has 2 PN sequences in two adjacent payloads.
12. single carrier transmission method as claimed in claim 11, wherein said frame synchronization comprises the series of 3 PN sequences, wherein each PN sequence is made of 511 code elements, and control bit is right after after the PN sequence and remaining bit is right after after control bit, and the series of described 3 PN sequences is called as training symbol.
13. single carrier transmission method as claimed in claim 12, wherein two PN sequences between described payload are made of 255 code elements and 256 code elements respectively.
14. single carrier transmission method as claimed in claim 12, wherein each of two PN sequences between described payload is made of 255 code elements.
15. single carrier transmission method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the number of payload is 4.
16. each described single carrier transmission method as claim 9-15, wherein said regional determining step comprises a transport stream that is used to count coding, so that compare with preset value, and when count value reaches preset value, determine the counting step that each is regional.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200610146804.8A CN1953440B (en) | 2002-10-08 | 2003-09-30 | Single carrier transmitting system and the method thereof of dynamic environment variation can be adapted to |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR61237/02 | 2002-10-08 | ||
| KR1020020061237A KR100920723B1 (en) | 2002-10-08 | 2002-10-08 | Single carrier transmission system capable of acclimating dynamic environment and a method therefore |
| KR61237/2002 | 2002-10-08 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CNA2006101468033A Division CN1953439A (en) | 2002-10-08 | 2003-09-30 | Single carrier transmitting system adaptable to dynamic environment change and method thereof |
| CN200610146804.8A Division CN1953440B (en) | 2002-10-08 | 2003-09-30 | Single carrier transmitting system and the method thereof of dynamic environment variation can be adapted to |
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| CN1497917A CN1497917A (en) | 2004-05-19 |
| CN1299481C true CN1299481C (en) | 2007-02-07 |
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| CNB031393004A Expired - Fee Related CN1319354C (en) | 2002-10-08 | 2003-09-30 | Single carrier transmission system able to adapting change of dynamic environment and its method |
| CNA2006101002315A Pending CN1905545A (en) | 2002-10-08 | 2003-09-30 | Single carrier transmitting system adaptable to dynamic environment change and method thereof |
| CNA2006101468033A Pending CN1953439A (en) | 2002-10-08 | 2003-09-30 | Single carrier transmitting system adaptable to dynamic environment change and method thereof |
| CNB031359620A Expired - Fee Related CN1299481C (en) | 2002-10-08 | 2003-09-30 | Single carrier transmission system able to adapting change of dynamic environment and its method |
| CN200610146804.8A Expired - Fee Related CN1953440B (en) | 2002-10-08 | 2003-09-30 | Single carrier transmitting system and the method thereof of dynamic environment variation can be adapted to |
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| CNA2006101002315A Pending CN1905545A (en) | 2002-10-08 | 2003-09-30 | Single carrier transmitting system adaptable to dynamic environment change and method thereof |
| CNA2006101468033A Pending CN1953439A (en) | 2002-10-08 | 2003-09-30 | Single carrier transmitting system adaptable to dynamic environment change and method thereof |
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Also Published As
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|---|---|
| CN1319354C (en) | 2007-05-30 |
| CN1953439A (en) | 2007-04-25 |
| CN1953440A (en) | 2007-04-25 |
| KR20040032283A (en) | 2004-04-17 |
| CN1953440B (en) | 2015-11-25 |
| CN1497918A (en) | 2004-05-19 |
| KR100920723B1 (en) | 2009-10-07 |
| CN1905545A (en) | 2007-01-31 |
| CN1497917A (en) | 2004-05-19 |
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