CN1298853A

CN1298853A - Application of montmorillonite as slow-releasing agent and carrier of fertilizer

Info

Publication number: CN1298853A
Application number: CN 99125470
Authority: CN
Inventors: 翟永功; 李毅; 王英典; 冯保华; 左明雪; 常智杰; 刘蓉
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1999-12-08
Filing date: 1999-12-08
Publication date: 2001-06-13

Abstract

The present invention relates to the use of montmorillonite as fertilizer slow-release agent and carrier, it can combine with nitrogen fertilizer to form unstable organic compound which can cause nitrogen gradually release in soil, thereby it increases the utilization of nitrogen fertilizer and reduces the loss and volatility of nitrogen; the montmorillonite possesses special physicochemical property, it can improve the agglomeration structure of soil. Its mineral microelements and rare earth elements are beneficial to promoting the growth of crops.

Description

Montmorillonite is used as the sustained release dosage and the carrier of fertilizer

This patent relates to a kind of mineral and is used as fertilizer slow-release formulation and carrier, is used to prepare slow-releasing fertilizer.Montmorillonite is used as fertilizer slow-release formulation and carrier is can form sandwich complex with urea and other nitrogen manure according to its laminate structure, plays to prolong fertilizer efficiency, minimizing nitrogen leaching loss and volatilization.

Prior art: montmorillonite is the clay mineral with laminate structure, it can form complex body with multiple organic compound, its goods demonstrate a series of characteristic at aspects such as rheological, thixotropy, surface property and crystalline structure, and aspect such as synthetic and solid electrolyte is applied in catalysis, polymkeric substance.Achievement in research in this regard has two characteristics both at home and abroad: first research and the emphasis of using are many at industrial circle; It two is the constitutionally stable montmorillonite organic complex goods that are mostly of research and utilization; And it is less to the applied research of unsettled relatively montmorillonite organism sandwich complex.The related montmorillonite of this patent is one of agricultural application practical technique to its physical and chemical performance as fertilizer slow-release formulation and carrier.

Goal of the invention: as fertilizer slow-release formulation and carrier, purpose is to provide new-type fertilizer and fertilizer slow-release formulation for China's ecological agriculture (green agriculture) with montmorillonite.

Technical scheme: montmorillonite is a kind of mineral manure sustained release dosage, is that raw material can be prepared compound manure, fertilizer control release or sustained release dosage, fertilizer carrier with it.Because the montmorillonite unique chemical is formed and special mineral crystal structure, make it have the special physicochemical performance, this specific character can make montmorillonite as a kind of mineral manure sustained release dosage, plays the effect that improves fertilizer efficiency, minimizing nitrogen loss, changes Soil structure in agriculture production.Therefore, utilize its unique physical and chemical performance can develop multiple fertilizer slow-release formulation and carrier substance is applied to agriculture production.

Technological merit: with the montmorillonite is the fertilizer slow-release formulation of raw material development, and it is contaminated soil not, can significantly reduce fertilizer amount, reduces the loss of nitrogen, pollutes thereby reduce the shallow ground water that causes because of nitrogen loss.With the montmorillonite is the slow release fertilizer that carrier or sustained release dosage are made, and is the necessary product of the ecological agriculture.

Technological line: select the montmorillonite mineral raw material,, can obtain being used as the montmorillonite of fertilizer slow-release formulation and carrier by certain process for separating and purifying.For some particular components of purifying, used pharmaceutical chemicals and reagent also all are very common convenience goods.The discrimination method of montmorillonite also is that sensation, fracture, hardness, proportion of proterties, appearance color, gloss, hand tongue according to mineral etc. done general discriminating, and then application modern analysis means, its chemical constitution and structure are analyzed, measured its distinctive physical and chemical performance simultaneously.

Description of drawings: the main chemical constitution of table 1 montmorillonite

The x-ray diffraction pattern of Fig. 1 montmorillonite

The crystalline structure synoptic diagram of Fig. 2 montomorillonite

Claims

1, a kind of mineral montmorillonite is used to prepare controlled release or slow release fertilizer, fertilizer slow-release formulation, carrier and fertilizer additive, plays the prolongation fertilizer efficiency, reduces the leaching loss and the volatilization of nitrogen, it is characterized in that:

(1) a kind of layer mineral has the dioctahedron constitutional features;

(2) the dioctahedron layer thickness has certain variation;

(3) basic chemical constitution is an aluminosilicate;

(4) outward appearance is earthy, white, the tool soapy feeling; Have intensive water-absorbent and swelling property;

(5) can form complex body with the nitrogen organic fertilizer;

2, the mineral montmorillonite of putting down in writing according to claim 1, English name: montmorillonite, another name: montmorillonitic clay, montmorillonite family, wilkinite, it is characterized in that said dioctahedron is formed structure unit's layer by two tetrahedrallayer and an octahedral layer that is clipped in the middle in (1), repeat to stack into crystal regularly from level to level by this Institutional Layer again, form the dioctahedron structure, its structural molecule general formula is: (OH) ₄Si ₈AL ₄O ₂₀.nH ₂O;

3, the mineral montmorillonite of being put down in writing according to claim 1,2 is characterized in that said dioctahedron structural sheet has certain thickness in (2), layer thickness can because of the kind of the content of middle water, interlayer ion not coplanar change basal spacing d ₀₀₁=1.200～1.800nm;

4,, it is characterized in that (3) plant said basic chemical constitution is aluminosilicate, its main chemical compositions: SiO according to claim 1,2,3 mineral of being put down in writing ₂40.0～80.0%, AL ₂O ₃12.0～25.0%, Fe ₂O ₃1.00～5.00%, in addition, often contain multiple elements such as P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Li, Ti, V, Cr;

5, according to claim 1,2,3,4 mineral of being put down in writing, it is characterized in that the said mineral outward appearance of (4) kind often is earthy, sometimes be tiny scale aggregate, be white in color, but, often be light gray, tone such as greyish white, pink, light green because of often containing multiple elements such as P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Li, Ti, V, Cr; Tarnish when dry, very soft, the tool soapy feeling; Have intensive water-absorbent and swelling property; Be suspended state and gelatinized in the aqueous solution or become mashed prod;

6, according to claim 1,2,3,4,5 mineral of being put down in writing, it is characterized in that the said montmorillonite of (5) kind can form organic complex with chemical nitrogen fertilizer, the preparation slow release fertilizer is as sustained release dosage, carrier and the additive of fertilizer, the prolongation fertilizer efficiency be can play, the leaching loss and the volatilization of nitrogen reduced.