CN1298395C - 一种钙磷盐基骨修复材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种钙磷盐基骨修复材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1298395C CN1298395C CNB2004100341093A CN200410034109A CN1298395C CN 1298395 C CN1298395 C CN 1298395C CN B2004100341093 A CNB2004100341093 A CN B2004100341093A CN 200410034109 A CN200410034109 A CN 200410034109A CN 1298395 C CN1298395 C CN 1298395C
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- calcium
- chitin
- fiber
- chitosan
- bone
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- CUXQLKLUPGTTKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M microcosmic salt Chemical compound [NH4+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O CUXQLKLUPGTTKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 27
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- GBNXLQPMFAUCOI-UHFFFAOYSA-H tetracalcium;oxygen(2-);diphosphate Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GBNXLQPMFAUCOI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 18
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Abstract
一种钙磷盐基骨修复材料及其制备方法,涉及一种生物组织材料及其制备。本发明所述的材料含有钙磷盐和甲壳素/壳聚糖纤维,所述甲壳素/壳聚糖纤维以纤维丝或纤维束形式存在。在该材料中还可复合0.1~10%的甲壳素衍生物如壳聚糖、磷酸化甲壳素、磷酸化壳聚糖、羧基化硫酸酯化壳聚糖、和/或0.01~0.1%胶原、骨形成蛋白、甲氨蝶呤或阿霉素。细胞实验和动物实验都表明:材料具有良好的生物相容性和诱导成骨活性,对于钙磷盐基骨修复材料,可使其抗挠(弯)强度平均提高1~10倍,是一种可靠的体内可降解的组织修复及治疗材料,对于骨缺损、骨质疏松、骨肿瘤治疗效果明显;在生物组织(如骨、软骨、牙)修复中具有广泛的应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种生物组织修复材料,特别涉及一种骨修复材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
甲壳素(Chitin)又名甲壳质、几丁质、壳多糖、壳蛋白等,是一种维持和保护甲壳动物及微生物躯体的不溶于水、碱和常规溶剂的线性氨基多糖,广泛存在于节足动物类(蜘蛛类、甲壳类)的翅膀或外壳以及菌类和藻类的细胞壁中,每年生物合成近十亿吨之多,仅在蟹、虾等水产品加工后的甲壳废弃物中就有10~30%的含量,是一种具有潜在价值、尚待开发的自然资源。酸溶性壳聚糖(Chitosan)是甲壳素的脱乙酰化合物,属甲壳素的衍生物,分子量为12~59万,化学名为聚(1,4)-2-氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-葡聚糖,具有明显的碱性、良好的生物相容性和生物可降解性,降解产物为对人体无毒的N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖和氨基葡萄糖,降解过程中产生的中间产物在体内不积累,无免疫源性(姜雪松,王勃生等.生物医学工程学杂志,1996;13(4):353.)。近年来,随着研究的深入和广泛,甲壳素衍生物的应用已涉及到纺织、印染、造纸、医疗及水处理等许多部门或领域。尤其是作为具有独特性能的生物材料,越来越引起人们的注意,有些项目已具有生产价值和实用意义。
组织修复,尤其是大段骨缺损的修复一直是困扰外科医生的一个棘手问题。过去的几十年中,尽管制备了许多种骨替代材料,但临床上70%的骨替代材料仍然使用自体骨或异体骨,使病人面临高的手术综合症和感染率。因为人们对现有的骨修复材料还缺乏信心,尤其是涉及到长期的体内安全性和效果的问题(Langstaff S,Sayer M,Smith TJN,Pugh SM.Resorbable bioceramics based on stabilized calcium phosphates.Part II:evalu tion ofbiological response.Biomaterials,2001;22:135.),使合成材料的使用受到了限制。到目前为止既能满足一定的机械强度、一定韧性要求的,又具备良好生物相容性的大段骨修复材料还绝无仅有。
磷酸钙骨水泥作为一类有发展潜力的生物材料,由于其高的骨传导性、易与骨结合、容易塑型(或注射)及逐渐降解等特点,越来越引起重视。目前,国内外文献中报道的15种以上骨水泥,大部分以羟基磷灰石(HA)作为其唯一的或主要的终产物。磷酸四钙与无水(或二水合)磷酸氢钙,氧化锌与磷酸,单水合磷酸二氢钙、α-磷酸钙与碳酸钙,β-磷酸钙、磷酸二氢钙与半水合硫酸钙等均为较常用的骨水泥系。羟基磷灰石是硬组织(如骨、牙)中无机盐的主要成分,与自然骨相比,有机质的缺乏是导致骨水泥早期与血液接触时溃散、植入体内后容易疲劳的主要原因(Hong YC,Wang JT,Brown WE,Chow LC.The periapical tissuereactions to a calcium phosphate cement in the teeth of monkeys.J Biomed MaterRes,1991;25:485)。
为了改善骨水泥的性能,多种有机添加剂被引用到骨水泥中,如海藻酸钠(Ishikawa K,Miyamoto Y,Kon M,Nagayama M,Asaoka K.Non-decay type fast-setting calciumphosphate cement:composite with sodium alginate.Biomaterials,1995;16:527.)、(氢)脯氨酰基甲基纤维素和羧甲基纤维素(Cherng A,Takagi S,Chow LC.Effects ofhydroxypropyl methylcellulose and other gelling agents on the handling propertiesof calcium phosphate cement.J Biomed Mater Res,1997;35:273.)曾被用来增强磷酸四钙(TTCP)骨水泥的粘合力,但骨水泥的硬化时间可能被延长,或机械强度下降,或有机物在体内很难被降解,几乎所有的有机物对骨水泥的性能都会产生副作用。本作者曾将磷酸化甲壳素和磷酸化壳聚糖等甲壳素衍生物应用于磷酸钙基骨修复材料,发现磷酸化甲壳素、磷酸化壳聚糖、羧基化硫酸酯化壳聚糖可增强骨水泥的机械强度(
Wang XH,Ma J,WangY,He B.Structural characterization of phosphorylated chitosan and theirapplications as effective additives of calcium phosphate cements.Biomaterials,2001;22:2247-2255;
Wang XH,Ma J,Wang Y,He B.Reinforcement of calcium phosphatecements with phosphorylated chitin.Chinese Journal of Polymer Science,2002;20:325-332;
Wang XH,Ma J,Wang Y,He B.Bone repair in radii and tibias ofrabbits with phosphorylated chitosan reinforced calcium phosphate cements.Biomaterials,2002;23:4167-4176;
Wang XH,Ma J,Feng QL,Cui FZ.Skeletal repairin of rabbits with calcium phosphate cements incorporated phosphorylated chitinreinforced.Biomaterials,2002;23:4591-4600;
Wang XH,Ma J,Feng QL,Cui FZ.“Theeffects of S-chitosan on the physical properties of calcium phosphate cements”.Journal of Bioactive and Compatible polymers,2003;18:45-57;
Wang XH,Ma J,FengQL,Cui FZ.In vivo testing of S-chitosan enhanced calcium phosphate cements.Journal of Bioactive and Compatible polymers,2003;18:259-271),但骨水泥的韧性增强很少,甲壳素衍生物增强后的骨水泥仍然为脆性材料。近年来,一些丝状或网状不可被生物降解的纤维如聚丙烯、尼龙、碳纤维[yon Gonten AS.Kelly JR,AntonucciJM.Load-bearing behavior of a simulated craniofacial structure fabricated from ahydroxyapatite cement and bioresorbable fiber-mesh.J Mater Sci:Mater Med2000;11:95-100;dos Santos LA,Carrodéguas,Boschi AO,de Arruda ACF.Fiber-enricheddouble-setting calcium phosphate bone cement.J Biomed Mater Res 65A:244-250]以及可被水解纤维如乙烯醇与乳酸的共聚物VicrylTM(polyglactin 910,Ethicon,Somerville,NJ)及Vicryl RapideTM(polyglactin 910,Ethicon)[Xu HHK,Quinn JB.Calcium phosphatecement containing resorbable fibers for short-term reinforcement and macroporosity.Biomaterials 2002;23:193-202](Xu HHK,Quinn JB,Takagi S,Chow LC.Synergisticreinforcement of in situ hardening calcium phosphate composite scaffold for bonetissue engineering.Biomaterials 2004;25:1029-1037)曾用来增强磷酸四钙骨水泥的韧性。这些纤维有的不能被生物降解,有的价格昂贵,有的生物相容性很差。目前还没有用甲壳素/壳聚糖纤维来增强骨修复材料,尤其是大段骨修复材料的报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种韧性较强的,生物相容性较好的,价格较便宜的骨修复材料。
一种钙磷盐基骨修复材料,其特征在于:该材料含有钙磷盐、甲壳素/壳聚糖纤维,所述的甲壳素/壳聚糖纤维占钙磷盐总重量的0.1~5%,所述甲壳素/壳聚糖纤维以纤维丝或纤维束形式存在。
本发明所述材料还含有钙磷盐总重量0.1~10%的甲壳素衍生物,所述的衍生物为壳聚糖、磷酸化甲壳素、磷酸化壳聚糖、羧基化硫酸酯化壳聚。
在上述方案的基础上,本发明所述材料还含有占钙磷盐总重量的0.01~0.1%的胶原、骨形成蛋白、甲氨蝶呤或阿霉素。
本发明所述的纤维丝为3~10mm长的短纤维丝,所述的纤维束为直径50~500μm,长度为2~30cm的纤维束。
本发明所述的钙磷盐采用由氧化钙和磷酸二氢钙混合物,氢氧化钙和磷酸氢钙混合物,磷酸四钙与磷酸氢钙混合物,α-磷酸钙、磷酸二氢钙和碳酸钙混合物,α-磷酸钙、磷酸氢钙、碳酸钙、磷酸四钙混合物制备而成;或直接采用羟基磷灰石、磷酸钙。
本发明的技术特征还在于:所述的甲壳素/壳聚糖纤维束还可与可降解的聚乙烯醇纤维、乳酸与乙醇酸的共聚物纤维、胶原纤维、聚乙烯醇纤维、聚3-羟基丁酸盐纤维、3-羟基丁酸和3-羟基己酸共聚物纤维或聚氨酯纤维按1~20∶20~1比例混合编制成网格状、梯形状结构。
本发明还提供了一种钙磷盐基骨修复材料的制备方法,该方法按如下步骤进行:
a.首先将钙磷盐粉末与磷酸钠缓冲溶液混合制成浆状物,或将钙磷盐粉末与聚乳酸、乳酸与乙醇酸的共聚物的氯仿或1,4二氧六环溶液混合制成浆状物;
b.将甲壳素/壳聚糖纤维剪制成3~10mm长的短纤维丝,或编成直径为50~500μm,长度为2~30cm纤维束与步骤a中的浆状物复合;其中甲壳素/壳聚糖纤维占钙磷盐总重量的0.1~5%;
c.然后经自然凉干或将溶剂除去后形成含纤维的固态物质。
在所述的步骤a中还可加入占钙磷盐总重量0.1~10%的甲壳素衍生物,所述的衍生物为壳聚糖、磷酸化甲壳素、磷酸化壳聚糖、羧基化硫酸酯化壳聚。
在所述的方法中,步骤a中还可加入占钙磷盐总重量的0.01~0.1%的骨形成蛋白、甲氨蝶呤或阿霉素。
上述步骤b中的纤维束还可与可降解的聚乙烯醇纤维、乳酸与乙醇酸的共聚物纤维、胶原纤维、聚乙烯醇纤维、聚3-羟基丁酸盐纤维、3-羟基丁酸和3-羟基己酸共聚物纤维或聚氨酯纤维按1~20∶20~1比例混合编制成网格状、梯形状结构后再与浆状物复合。
本发明利用甲壳素/壳聚糖纤维增强钙磷盐基骨修复材料。对于钙磷盐基骨修复材料,可使其抗挠(弯)强度平均提高1~10倍,是一种可靠的体内可降解的组织修复及治疗材料,对于骨缺损、骨质疏松、骨肿瘤治疗效果明显;在生物组织(如骨、软骨、牙)修复中具有广泛的应用价值。
具体实施方式
所述甲壳素衍生物可以是磷酸化甲壳素,磷酸化甲壳素的羟基取代度为0.05~0.99,分子量为5000~10000道尔顿;也可以是磷酸化壳聚糖,磷酸化壳聚糖的脱乙酰度为5~95%,羟基取代度为0.02~0.95,分子量为5000~10000道尔顿;还可以是羧丁基壳聚糖,羧丁基壳聚糖的脱乙酰度为10~90%,羟基取代度为0.05~0.95,分子量为2×104~6×106道尔顿;对于骨瘤和白血病患者,又可以是甲氨蝶呤、阿霉素或羧基化硫酸酯化壳聚糖,羧基化硫酸酯化壳聚糖的脱乙酰度为15~95%,羟基取代度为0.01~0.75,分子量为5000~10000道尔顿。
本发明的磷酸化甲壳素、磷酸化壳聚糖可按照文献Nishi N,Ebina A,Nishimura S,Tsutsumi A,Hasegawa O,Tokura S.Highly phosphorylated derivatives of chitin,partially deacetylated chitin and chitosan as new functional polymers:preparationand characterization.Int J Biol Macromol 1986;8:311-317所述的方法制备。羧丁基壳聚糖可按文献Muzzarelli R,Weckx M,Filippini O,Lough C.Characteristic Propertiesof N-Carboxybutyl Chitosan.Carbohydrate Polymers 1989;II:307-320所述的方法制备。羧基化硫酸酯化壳聚糖可按文献Horton D,Just EK.Preparation from chitin of(1→4)-2-amino-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranuronan and its 2-sulfoamino analog havingblood-anticoagulant properties.Carbohydr Res 1973;29:173-179所述的方法制备。碳酸氢钠(NaHCO3)、氧化钙(CaO)、磷酸二氢钙(MCPM)、氢氧化钙[Ca(OH)2]和磷酸氢钙(DCPDor DCPA)等由北京化学试剂公司购买。甲壳素/壳聚糖纤维由青岛弘信高科技生物工程有限公司购买(其中壳聚糖的脱乙酰度在80以上)。其中甲壳素/壳聚糖纤维又称甲壳质纤维也可从上海浦东甲壳质材料研究&开发有限责任公司等处购买。骨形成蛋白(rhBMP-2)、甲氨蝶呤、阿霉素、胶原、聚乙烯醇纤维或乙烯醇与乳酸的共聚物VicrylTM及Vicryl RapideTM由Ethicon,Somerville,NJ等公司购买。聚乳酸(PLLA)、乙醇酸与乳酸的共聚物(PLGA)由山东医用公司购买。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例1:
将研磨后的氧化钙(CaO)和磷酸二氢钙(MCPM)粉末按下列方程(1)比例混合。将甲壳素纤维剪成3mm长的短纤维,按重量比0.1%混合在粉末中。在1mL 1M的磷酸缓冲液(由NaH2PO4和Na2HPO4·12H2O制备)中加入分别占氧化钙(CaO)和磷酸二氢钙(MCPM)粉末总重量0.1%的磷酸化甲壳素和0.01%的骨形成蛋白rhBMP-2,搅拌均匀后,与含甲壳素纤维的固体粉末混合均匀,固液比是0.96。
实施例2:
将研磨后的Ca(OH)2和磷酸氢钙(DCPD)粉末按下列方程(2)比例混合。将甲壳素纤维剪成6mm长的短纤维,按重量比5%混合在粉末中。在1mL 1M的Na2HPO4水溶液中加入分别占Ca(OH)2和磷酸氢钙(DCPD)粉末总重量1%的磷酸化壳聚糖和0.05%的骨形成蛋自rhBMP-2,搅拌均匀后与甲壳质纤维的固体粉末在研钵中仔细研磨,固液比是2.29。
实施例3:
将等摩尔的磷酸四钙(TTCP)与磷酸氢钙(DCPA)细粉末混合,按甲壳素纤维占磷酸四钙(TTCP)与磷酸氢钙(DCPA)细粉末总重量比5%加入长度为10mm甲壳素纤维,混合均匀。在0.2M的磷酸钠缓冲液中加入占磷酸四钙(TTCP)与磷酸氢钙(DCPA)粉末总重量1.0%磷酸化壳聚糖(脱乙酰度:60%;取代度:0.50;分子量:5×103)和0.1%的骨形成蛋白rhBMP2,搅拌均匀后,按固液比(P/L)为4∶1将含有磷酸化壳聚糖和骨形成蛋白rhBMP-2的磷酸钠缓冲液在研钵中混合均匀。浆状物可直接注射到骨缺损部位。
实施例4:
将研磨后的Ca(OH)2、磷酸氢钙(DCPD)按方程(2)比例混合。将聚乙烯醇纤维与甲壳质纤维按1∶20比例编制成直径Φ50μm的梯状纤维结构,并剪成长为5cm的短纤维束。将5根短纤维束(重量为Ca(OH)2和磷酸氢钙(DCPD)粉末总重量的的0.1%),放在直径为10mm的圆柱状容器中。在1mL 1M的Na2HPO4水溶液加入占Ca(OH)2、磷酸氢钙(DCPD)总重量10%磷酸化壳聚糖和0.1%的骨形成蛋白rhBMP-2,与固体Ca(OH)2+DCPD粉末,按固液比2∶1混合均匀。用铲子将浆状骨水泥装在圆柱状容器中,拉直纤维束,固化成形,备用。
实施例5:
将α-磷酸钙(α-TCP)、磷酸二氢钙(MCPM)和碳酸钙(Ca2CO3)细粉末按重量份数比为71∶5.8∶23.5(或12∶1∶4摩尔比)混合均匀。加入1%的长度为10mm的壳聚糖纤维及1%的磷酸化甲壳素,磷酸钠(Na3PO4)溶液(2.78mol/L)按液固比(l/s)1∶2(w/w)的比例混合制样。将固液混合后20分钟内的浆状物直接注射到骨缺损部位,用于无负重部位的修复。
实施例6:
将甲壳质纤维/聚3-羟基丁酸盐(PHB)纤维按1∶20比例编制成直径Φ为300μm的纤维束,并剪成长为10mm的短纤维束。将3%的短纤维束编成一柱状结构,放在直径为3mm的圆柱状模具中。将β-磷酸钙、磷酸二氢钙、半水合硫酸钙细粉与含0.1%的羧基化硫酸酯化壳聚糖(脱乙酰度为80%,取代度:0.8;分子量为5×105Da)蒸馏水按重量比63∶26∶10∶1混合均匀,加入到含甲壳质纤维束的圆柱状模具中,在37℃、80%湿度下固化24h。所得固化物用于癌或肿瘤切除缺损的修复,并伴有抗凝血、抗炎症效果。
实施例7:
将研磨后的Ca(OH)2、磷酸氢钙(DCPD)按方程(2)比例混合。将3-羟基丁酸和3羟基己酸共聚物[Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate),PHBHHx])纤维与甲壳质纤维按20∶1比例编制成直径Φ500μm的纤维网,并卷曲成一柱状网,放在直径为20mm的圆柱状容器中。在1M的Na2HPO4水溶液加入将5%的羧基化硫酸酯化壳聚糖(脱乙酰度:75%;取代度:0.6;分子量:6×103-Da),待溶解后,与固体Ca(OH)2/DCPD粉末混合均匀,固液比是2.00。用铲子将浆状骨水泥装在圆柱状容器中,拉直纤维束,固化成形。此材料用于骨癌切除处。
实施例8:
将研磨后的α-磷酸钙(α-TCP)、磷酸氢钙(DCPA)、碳酸钙(Ca2CO3)、磷酸四钙[TTCP,Ca4(PO4)2]细粉末按12∶5∶2∶1(w/w)的重量百分比混合均匀。将占α-磷酸钙(α-TCP)、磷酸氢钙(DCPA)、碳酸钙(Ca2CO3)、磷酸四钙[TTCP,Ca4(PO1)2]粉末总重量2.5%的磷酸化壳聚糖(脱乙酰度:850%;取代度:0.47;分子量:4.8×103)及1%的骨形成蛋白rhBMP-2溶解在1M的Na2HPO4水溶液。将3-羟基丁酸和3-羟基己酸共聚物[Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate),PHBHHx])纤维与甲壳质纤维按(1∶20)比例编制成直径Φ100μm的纤维束,并剪成长为10cm的短纤维束。将5%的短纤维束放在直径为8cm的圆柱状容器中。与磷酸化壳聚糖与骨形成蛋白的液体相与固体粉末混合均匀,固液比是2。用铲子将浆状骨水泥装在圆柱状容器中,拉直纤维束,固化成形,备用。
实施例9:
将研磨后的Ca(OH)2、磷酸氢钙(DCPD)按方程(2)比例混合。将Vicryl Rapide纤维与甲壳质纤维按1∶20比例编制成直径Φ300μm的纤维束,并剪成长为30cm的短纤维束。将0.1%的短纤维束放在直径为6cm的圆柱状容器中。在1mL 1M的Na2HPO4水溶液中加入占Ca(OH)2与磷酸氢钙(DCPD)总重量1%的磷酸化壳聚糖及0.1%的骨形成蛋白rhBMP-2,待搅拌均匀后,与固体Ca(OH)2/DCPD粉末混合均匀,固液比是3.0。用铲子将浆状骨水泥装在圆柱状容器中,拉直纤维束,固化成形,备用。
实施例10:
将1%的PLLA溶于1,4二氧六环中,将研磨后的磷酸钙(TCP)与PLLA溶液按固/液比1∶1(w/w)比例混合成浆状物。将Vicryl Rapide纤维与甲壳质纤维按20∶1比例缠绕在一起,将0.5%的纤维束放在直径为20cm的圆柱状容器中。用铲子将浆状物装在圆柱状容器中,拉直纤维束,冻干,备用。
实施例11:
将2%的PLGA(乳酸与乙醇酸的比例为7∶3)溶于1,4二氧六环中,将研磨后的磷酸钙(TCP)中先加入2%的胶原醋酸溶液及0.2%骨形成蛋白rhBMP-2混合均匀,再与PLGA溶液按固/液比3∶1(w/w)比例混合成浆状物。将Vicryl Rapide纤维与甲壳质纤维按1∶1比例编制成直径Φ100μm的纤维束,并剪成长为30cm的短纤维束。将0.1%根短纤维束放在直径为20cm的圆柱状容器中。用铲子将浆状物装在圆柱状容器中,拉直纤维束,冻干,备用。
实施例12:
将羟基磷灰石(HA)粉末研碎,与壳聚糖/胶原醋酸溶液(1∶1v/v,壳聚糖与胶原在醋酸中的浓度均为2%)和骨形成蛋白rhBMP-2的生理盐水悬浮液(200ug/mL)按90∶9∶1,搅拌均匀。将1%羟基磷灰石(HA)粉末重量的甲壳质纤维编制成同心圆纤维网,放在直径为8mm的圆柱状容器中。用铲子将浆状羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖/胶原/骨形成蛋白混合物装在圆柱状容器中,拉直纤维束,固化成形。
Claims (9)
1.一种钙磷盐基骨修复材料,其特征在于:该材料含有钙磷盐和甲壳素/壳聚糖纤维,所述的甲壳素/壳聚糖纤维占钙磷盐总重量的0.1~5%,所述甲壳素/壳聚糖纤维以纤维丝或纤维束形式存在;所述的钙磷盐由氧化钙和磷酸二氢钙混合物,氢氧化钙和磷酸氢钙混合物,磷酸四钙与磷酸氢钙混合物,α-磷酸钙、磷酸二氢钙和碳酸钙混合物,α-磷酸钙、磷酸氢钙、碳酸钙和磷酸四钙混合物制备而成;或直接采用羟基磷灰石、磷酸钙。
2.按照权利要求1所述的骨修复材料,其特征在于:该材料还含有钙磷盐总重量0.1~10%的甲壳素衍生物,所述的甲壳素衍生物为磷酸化甲壳素、磷酸化壳聚糖或羧基化硫酸酯化壳聚。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的骨修复材料,其特征在于:该材料还含有占钙磷盐总重量的0.01~0.1%的胶原、骨形成蛋白、甲氨蝶呤或阿霉素。
4.按照权利要求1所述的骨修复材料,其特征在于:所述的纤维丝为3~10mm长的短纤维丝,所述的纤维束为直径50~500μm,长度为2~30cm的纤维束。
5.按照权利要求1或4所述的骨修复材料,其特征在于:所述的甲壳素/壳聚糖纤维束与可降解的聚乙烯醇纤维、乳酸与乙醇酸的共聚物纤维、胶原纤维、聚乙烯醇纤维、聚3-羟基丁酸盐纤维、3羟基丁酸和3-羟基己酸共聚物纤维或聚氨酯纤维按1~20∶20~1比例混合编制成网格状、梯形状结构。
6.一种钙磷盐基骨修复材料的制备方法,其特征在于该方法按如下步骤进行:
a.首先将钙磷盐粉末与磷酸钠缓冲溶液混合制成浆状物,或将钙磷盐粉末与聚乳酸、乳酸与乙醇酸的共聚物的氯仿或1,4二氧六环溶液混合制成浆状物;
b.将甲壳素/壳聚糖纤维剪制成3~10mm长的短纤维丝,与步骤a中的浆状物搅拌混合,或编成直径为50~500μm,长度为2~30cm纤维束与步骤a中的浆状物复合;其中甲壳素/壳聚糖纤维占钙磷盐总重量的0.1~5%;
c.然后经自然凉干或将溶剂除去后形成含纤维的固态物质。
7.按照权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于:在所述的步骤a中加入占钙磷盐总重量0.1~10%的甲壳素衍生物,所述的衍生物为壳聚糖、磷酸化甲壳素、磷酸化壳聚糖、羧基化硫酸酯化壳聚。
9.按照权利要求6或7所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤a中加入占钙磷盐总重量的0.01~0.1%的胶原、骨形成蛋白、甲氨蝶呤或阿霉素。
10.按照权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤b中的纤维束与可降解的聚乙烯醇纤维、乳酸与乙醇酸的共聚物纤维、胶原纤维、聚乙烯醇纤维、聚3-羟基丁酸盐纤维、3-羟基丁酸和3-羟基己酸共聚物纤维或聚氨酯纤维按1~20∶20~1比例混合编制成网格状、梯形状结构后再与浆状物复合。
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