CN1296873C - Travel-in-picture method based on relative depth computing - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a travel-in-picture method on the basis of relative depth calculation. The present invention has the following steps: (1) the vanishing point number of an image is determined; the image is divided into the foreground and the background; (1) a mask picture of the foreground is prepared for the foreground part, a background image and spider grids are made for the background part; (2) the relative depth of the background image and the relative size of a model are calculated according to vanishing point numbers, wherein the step (2) comprises three sub-procedures: a view point is determined, data is obtained from the spider grids, and the relative depth and the relative size are calculated; building models on the foreground and the background according to values of the relative depth and the model size; the texture mapping of the background and the texture mapping of the foreground can be respectively carried out by the background image and the foreground mask picture, a camera is positioned, and output images can be obtained in a rendering mode. The method can exactly calculate the relative size and the relative position of a three-dimension model form a two-dimension image for regular buildings, and can well solve the can better syncretic problem caused by the switching of two technologies when a panorama is combined with the travel-in-picture method to be applied.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of based on tour method in the picture of relative depth calculating.
Background technology
Based on the rendering technique of image (Image-Based Rendering, IBR) be a kind of from a series of shootings image or do not have pointing out of annexation to send to draw, thereby obtain the virtual reality technology of better three-dimensional range effect.It has extensive application at aspects such as making of film and television stunt and entertainment advertisements.But meanwhile, at large, the required data volume of scene of this technological expression is too huge, and the sampling difficulty is excessive.Y.Horry proposed in 1997 picture middle reaches technology (Tour Into the Picture, TIP).This technology can be roamed a width of cloth 2-dimentional photo simply, has solved the sampling problem in the IBR technology preferably.Draw the middle reaches technology and provided a kind of simple three-dimensional model, it is made up of some three-dimensional polygonal frames and bulletin board (billboard), thereby can generate the pleasing high-quality 3D animation that makes us of all kinds.This technology has been widely used in each side such as amusement, historical relic's protection, advertisement at present.
Draw the middle reaches technology and generally can be divided into following four steps:
1, image pre-service.Input picture is distinguished the front and back scape, manually make prospect mask figure and background picture.So-called prospect mask figure partly plucks out prospect in the image and the two dimensional gray figure that forms, and the foreground portion branch is changed to white, and other parts are black.Background picture is then for removing the later background of prospect, manually the prospect openwork part filled and goes up pattern and the color of coordinating mutually with background on every side.This is the preparation of beginning TIP manufacturing process.
2, make up the spider grid.On background picture, make up the spider grid, thereby the basic geological information of modeling can be provided.The spider grid by vanishing point (vani shing point), interior window (inner window), outer window (outer window) and by vanishing point to around the ray that sends form.Because the perspective phenomenon is near big and far smaller, thereby make that straight line parallel to each other is not necessarily parallel in two dimensional image in the three-dimensional scenic, finally converging becomes a bit, promptly so-called vanishing point.Interior window is the back rectangle that viewpoint can't be passed, and outer window then is the frame of image.Set out together by vanishing point, original image be divided into five parts through the ray on interior window four summits and interior window---interior window and four polygons up and down.Accordingly, wall (rearwall), ceiling (ceiling), ground (floor), left wall (left wall), right wall (right wall) behind the difference called after.
3, rebuild mould.For background, five parts that the spider grid is split to form correspond to five adjacent rectangles in the modeling process.Rebuild mould based on three hypothesis: 1) adjacent rectangle is perpendicular to one another in five rectangles; 2) back wall rectangle (rear wall) is parallel to view plane in the three-dimensional environment; 3) in the three-dimensional environment ground rectangle (floor) perpendicular to view plane.In the process of reconstruction, obtain the relevant positional information of spider grid in the image earlier, the three-dimensional position that carries out each key point (summit of rectangle in the modeling process) calculates.Wherein, information such as heights of ceilings is for estimating size.The positional information of each key point that gets according to calculating is carried out modeling, obtains the three-dimensional box model (box model) of background.For prospect, based on bulletin board (billboard) form, use the level polygon to carry out modeling, three-dimensional position calculating and background classes are seemingly.
4, texture and playing up.Suppose that the texture in the three-dimensional rectangle all inherits from corresponding two-dimentional polygon.The random two-dimensional point can find the corresponding point in the three-dimensional model in the output image of playing up and getting, and the latter can find the two-dimentional corresponding point in the original image again.For the texture of prospect, except the texture correspondence, the information that must provide according to mask figure also is provided with the foreground object and the different transparent value of background on every side.Thereby each point of playing up can find corresponding point in former figure, and the color that shines upon this point can obtain the result of texture.
Draw the middle reaches technology from piece image, obtain the roaming effect in the three-dimensional model, give the visual effect of brand-new " people is drawing middle reaches ".But in application process, especially draw middle reaches technology and panorama sketch technology when combining, to drawing in the technology of middle reaches, do not changing under the viewpoint position situation, whether the three-dimensional model of rebuilding can obtain identical visual effect with former figure, have higher requirement, this comes down to the more accurate requirement for the position of reconstruction of three-dimensional model and size.Draw in the modeling process of middle reaches technology, the method for estimation of original height equivalence is difficult to satisfy the demands, and this directly has influence on the sense of reality of user in drawing the middle reaches process.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of based on tour method in the picture of relative depth calculating.
Roam as input with piece image, the steps include:
(1) determines image vanishing point number; Image is carried out prospect background to be divided; For the prospect part, prospect is plucked out from background, prepare prospect mask figure; To the image background part, the filling prospect is plucked out part, makes background image, and structure spider grid;
(2) the definition plane of delineation is plane perpendicular to ground, and original image is positioned on this plane of delineation, and puts the original image base on the plane of delineation and ground level intersecting lens, relative depth be behind the plane of delineation and the model between the wall apart from the degree of depth; According to the vanishing point number background image is carried out relative depth and model relative size and calculate, determine, obtain data and carry out relative depth and model relative size is calculated this three sub-steps from the spider grid comprising viewpoint;
(3) according to the numerical value of relative depth and model relative size, carry out the modeling of prospect and background; And respectively the background foreground model is carried out texture with background image and prospect mask figure, and the location camera, play up and obtain output image.
The present invention is simple and easy to use, its beneficial effect is, can calculate the more accurate relative position and the relative size of picture middle reaches model by science, thereby under viewpoint position and isogonal situation, make the user obtain having an X-rayed output image with the three-dimensional model of the identical visual effect of original image.Especially in drawing the application that middle reaches and panorama sketch technology combine, can obtain panorama sketch and draw nothing between the model of middle reaches and jump and switch.
To the present invention's check that experimentizes, construct accurate three-dimensional model, carry out the camera sampling.Sampled images is used tour method (being 1 vanishing point image) in the new picture, three-dimensional model is rebuild.In former relative depth was 100.00 sampling, the result that table 1 calculates for the present invention, average error were 2.86%:
Table 1 result and error analysis
| Experiment 1 | Experiment 2 | Experiment 3 | |
| Relative depth | 97.33 | 96.73 | 97.37 |
| Error | 2.67％ | 3.27％ | 2.63％ |
The three-dimensional model of rebuilding is being played up in the process that forms output image again through perspective, and the error effect of its relative depth and relative size will further reduce, thereby obtain the visual effect identical with original image.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is based on the schematic flow sheet of tour method in the picture that relative depth calculates;
Fig. 2 a～d is the spider grid synoptic diagram of tour method in the picture;
Fig. 3 is " relative depth " of the present invention definition synoptic diagram;
Fig. 4 is the calculating synoptic diagram of the relative depth and the model relative size of a vanishing point image of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the actual modeling detailed schematic of left wall of the present invention;
Fig. 6 a～c is that a vanishing point image of the present invention is through calculating the output image effect synoptic diagram after modeling is played up;
Fig. 7 is the calculating synoptic diagram of the relative depth and the model relative size of two vanishing point images of the present invention;
Fig. 8 a～c is the roam procedure output image of two vanishing point images of the present invention.
Embodiment
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: the definition plane of delineation is the plane perpendicular to ground.Original image is positioned on this plane of delineation, and puts the original image base on the plane of delineation and ground level intersecting lens.In this programme, claim that the original image of so placing is a reference picture.Introduce the notion of " relative depth (Relative Depth, RD) ", promptly between the model and the plane of delineation apart from the degree of depth.In drawing the middle reaches technology, " relative depth " be behind the plane of delineation and the model between the wall apart from the degree of depth.According to the perspective geometry principle, on the basis of structure spider grid,, can calculate the relative depth of model by the definition of reference picture.On this basis, can further calculate each relative size of model.So-called relative size, the size of promptly calculating gained are and the corresponding moulded dimension of reference picture size, but not the original size of object in the true environment.The calculating of relative depth, the position and the size that have determined to draw the middle reaches model have also determined the degree of depth restriction of user's roaming.
Because compute depth has certain difficulty from single image, this requires some subsidiary conditions or model itself to have certain geometric properties (as perpendicular or parallel straight line and plane etc.).We propose the present invention based on following hypothesis:
(1) left and right sides wall of model and back wall are all perpendicular to ground.
(2) plane of delineation is perpendicular to ground.
(3) original image is camera level sampling gained.
The present invention is directed to different characteristics of image, concluded relative depth and moulded dimension computing method that different vanishing points are counted image.The basic step that relative depth is calculated is:
1, viewpoint is determined.Determine a fixing viewpoint, the switching of carrying out reference picture at this viewpoint place and drawing the middle reaches model.In the roam procedure, the new image that is generated is different from original image, comprises visual field size, resolution and visual angle etc.New generation image only just can obtain the visual effect identical with original image at this fixed view place.This means as the user and will switch and to get back to this viewpoint position when getting back to original image from drawing the middle reaches model.
2, obtain relative depth from the spider grid and calculate required data.
3, carry out relative depth and relative size calculating according to different vanishing point numbers.
New picture middle reaches method step is:
(1) determines image vanishing point number; By hand image being carried out prospect background divides; For the prospect part, prospect is plucked out from background, prepare prospect mask figure; To the image background part, the filling prospect is plucked out part, makes background image, and structure spider grid;
(2) the definition plane of delineation is plane perpendicular to ground, and original image is positioned on this plane of delineation, and puts the original image base on the plane of delineation and ground level intersecting lens, relative depth, be between the model and the plane of delineation apart from the degree of depth; According to the vanishing point number background image is carried out relative depth and model relative size and calculate, determine, obtain data and carry out relative depth and relative size is calculated this three sub-steps from the spider grid comprising viewpoint;
(3) according to the numerical value of relative depth and moulded dimension, carry out the modeling of prospect and background; And respectively the background foreground model is carried out texture with background image and prospect mask figure, and the location camera, play up and obtain output image.
As shown in Figure 1, at first, original image is determined that the vanishing point type is to determine different relative depth and model relative size computing method; Distinguish its front and back scape, and respectively prospect background is carried out pre-service, form prospect mask and background image.Then,,, determine model structure, carry out the calculating of relative depth and model relative size according to different vanishing point types in that background image is made up on the basis of spider grid.Afterwards, carry out the difference modeling and the texture of prospect background according to the data that calculate.At last, the location camera, and play up the output result images.
Fig. 2 (a) is each ingredient of spider grid: vanishing point, interior window, outer window, each the bar ray that is set out by vanishing point.Fig. 2 (b) has provided the example that makes up the spider grid on a vanishing point background image.The structure of Fig. 2 (c) expression spider grid is divided into five parts with background image: the back wall, and left and right sides wall, ceiling and ground, this is with each face of box model in the direct corresponding modeling process.Fig. 2 (d) has promptly illustrated after the modeling corresponding relation of related top in each summit and spider grid, and has provided the box model outward appearance after the modeling.
As shown in Figure 3, " relative depth " be defined as between the model and the plane of delineation apart from the degree of depth.In drawing the middle reaches technology, " relative depth " be behind the plane of delineation and the model between the wall apart from the degree of depth.The plane of delineation is perpendicular to ground level, and the reference picture base is on ground level." relative depth " determined the position (wall displacement promptly, the degree of depth of roaming restriction just) of model, the length of ground rectangle in the in fact just three-dimensional box model.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 4, input picture is a vanishing point image.Among Fig. 4, the upper left corner is background image, and the upper right corner is the modeling side view, and the lower left corner is the modeling top view.Viewpoint position is on the straight line perpendicular to the plane of delineation and mistake vanishing point, and viewpoint can be set according to application need apart from f to the plane of delineation, and like this, viewpoint position has just been determined.Can obtain relative depth by the spider grid of background image and calculate required relevant data information: interior window base to outer window base apart from m
1, vanishing point to outer window base apart from vh (being the viewpoint height), vanishing point to interior window top margin apart from m
2, vanishing point to the interior window left side apart from p
1, vanishing point to interior window the right apart from p
2According to the perspective geometry principle, can calculate relative depth
The model height
The model width
This has just obtained the position of three-dimensional box model and main relative size.In addition, also have some modeling details to it is noted that concrete size as each three-dimensional rectangle.As top view among Fig. 4 and shown in Figure 5, be example with left wall, its three-dimensional model is not the rectangle of a d * h, and must consider its three-dimensional visible angle to should be (a d-n
1The rectangle of) * h.Similar ground, right wall model should be (d-n
2The rectangle of) * h, the ceiling model should be (d-n
3The rectangle of) * h.Wherein, can get by Fig. 5,
Fig. 6 is that output map effect embodiment illustrated in fig. 4 compares.Fig. 6 (a) is the input picture of this example, the model outward appearance of Fig. 6 (b) for input picture being carried out obtain after the TIP modeling, and Fig. 6 (c) is the amplification to texture part in (b).As seen, under viewpoint position and isogonal situation,, can obtain output model with the identical visual effect of original input image through calculating of the present invention and modeling.
Fig. 7 has provided another embodiment, and its input picture is two vanishing point images.Among Fig. 7, the upper left corner is background image, and the upper right corner is the modeling side view, and the lower left corner is the modeling top view.According to perspective geometry, two vanishing points in the image are inevitable on same horizontal line, are called the line that goes out.Viewpoint position is on the straight line perpendicular to the plane of delineation and mistake two vanishing point line mid points, and viewpoint can be set according to application need apart from f to the plane of delineation, and this has just determined viewpoint position.Spider grid by background image can obtain the required relevant data information of relative depth calculating.Through calculating:
Fig. 8 is that Fig. 7 embodiment process is calculated after the modeling output image effect in roam procedure.Fig. 8 (a) is to two vanishing point picture construction grids, extracts the relevant calculation data.Fig. 8 (b) is original input picture, and Fig. 8 (c) is the output image of a certain angle in the roam procedure, and this is the new viewpoint visual effect that can not obtain in the original image.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of based on tour method in the picture of relative depth calculating, it is characterized in that: roam as input with piece image, the steps include:
(1) determines image vanishing point number; Image is carried out prospect background to be divided; For the prospect part, prospect is plucked out from background, prepare foreground mask figure; To the image background part, the filling prospect is plucked out part, makes background image, and structure spider grid;
(2) the definition plane of delineation is plane perpendicular to ground, and original image is positioned on this plane of delineation, and puts the original image base on the plane of delineation and ground level intersecting lens, relative depth be behind the plane of delineation and the model between the wall apart from the degree of depth; According to the vanishing point number background image is carried out relative depth and model relative size and calculate, determine, obtain data and carry out relative depth and model relative size is calculated this three sub-steps from the spider grid comprising viewpoint;
(3) according to the numerical value of relative depth and model relative size, carry out the modeling of prospect and background; And respectively the background foreground model is carried out texture with background image and foreground mask figure, and the location camera, play up and obtain output image.
2, according to claim 1 a kind of based on tour method in the picture of relative depth calculating, it is characterized in that said viewpoint determines to be: this viewpoint is for switching the point of fixity of picture middle reaches model and reference picture, for a vanishing point image, its viewpoint was positioned at vanishing point, and on the straight line perpendicular to the plane of delineation, viewpoint can be determined arbitrarily apart from f to the plane of delineation; For two vanishing point images, two vanishing points are positioned at same horizontal line, and on the line that promptly goes out, its viewpoint was positioned at two vanishing point line mid points, and on the straight line perpendicular to the plane of delineation, viewpoint can be determined arbitrarily apart from f to the plane of delineation.
3, according to claim 2 a kind of based on tour method in the picture of relative depth calculating, it is characterized in that saidly according to the vanishing point number background image being carried out relative depth and model relative size and calculating and be:, obtain following data message by the spider grid of background image for the image of a vanishing point: interior window base to outer window base apart from m
1, vanishing point to outer window base apart from vh, i.e. viewpoint height, vanishing point to interior window top margin apart from m
2, vanishing point to the interior window left side apart from p
1, vanishing point to interior window the right apart from p
2, vanishing point arrives the outer window left side apart from p
3, vanishing point arrives outer window rightmargin from p
4, outer window height height, sampled point is w to model left side wall
1, be w to the right wall of model
2, again according to the perspective geometry principle, it is as follows to calculate three-dimensional box model relative depth and model relative size: relative depth
The model height
The model width
4, according to claim 2 a kind of based on tour method in the picture of relative depth calculating, it is characterized in that saidly according to the vanishing point number background image being carried out relative depth and model relative size and calculating and be:, obtain following data message by the spider grid of background image for the image of two vanishing points: the line that goes out to interior window base apart from m
1, go out line to the Zuo Qiang base apart from m
2, go out line to the You Qiang base apart from m
3, the line that goes out to outer window top margin apart from m
4, the line that goes out to outer window base apart from vh, i.e. viewpoint height, interior window width p
1, viewpoint to the outer window left side apart from p
2, viewpoint to outer window the right apart from p
3, through calculating: back wall relative depth
Zuo Qiang outer relative depth
You Qiang outer relative depth
Back wall width
Zuo Qiang outer width
You Qiang outer width
The model height
5, according to claim 3 a kind of based on tour method in the picture of relative depth calculating, it is characterized in that a said vanishing point image calculation obtains three-dimensional box model and is: for a vanishing point image, after obtaining box model relative depth and model relative size data, confirm the concrete size of each three-dimensional rectangle of box model, its left wall is (a d-n
1The rectangle of) * h, right wall model is (d-n
2The rectangle of) * h, ceiling model are (d-n
3The rectangle of) * h, wherein,
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| CN101272511B (en) * | 2007-03-19 | 2010-05-26 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method and device for acquiring image depth information and image pixel information |
| JP5299173B2 (en) * | 2009-08-26 | 2013-09-25 | ソニー株式会社 | Image processing apparatus, image processing method, and program |
| CN101697235B (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2013-04-10 | 青岛海信移动通信技术股份有限公司 | Perspective drawing generation method and perspective drawing generation device |
| JP5422538B2 (en) * | 2010-11-09 | 2014-02-19 | 株式会社東芝 | Image processing apparatus, display apparatus, method and program thereof |
| CN102222339B (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2013-03-20 | 中国科学院自动化研究所 | Multi-dimension background modeling method based on combination of textures and intensity characteristics |
| CN110070585A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-07-30 | 北京字节跳动网络技术有限公司 | Image generating method, device and computer readable storage medium |
| CN111080748B (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2023-06-02 | 北京工业大学 | Automatic picture synthesizing system based on Internet |
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| JP2002254900A (en) * | 2001-03-06 | 2002-09-11 | Hinako Haraguchi | Picture model |
| US6591005B1 (en) * | 2000-03-27 | 2003-07-08 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method of estimating image format and orientation based upon vanishing point location |
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| US6591005B1 (en) * | 2000-03-27 | 2003-07-08 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method of estimating image format and orientation based upon vanishing point location |
| JP2002254900A (en) * | 2001-03-06 | 2002-09-11 | Hinako Haraguchi | Picture model |
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