CN1296740A - 改进的动物咀嚼物 - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01K15/025—Toys specially adapted for animals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
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- A23K40/25—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by extrusion
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/40—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for carnivorous animals, e.g. cats or dogs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S426/00—Food or edible material: processes, compositions, and products
- Y10S426/805—Pet food for dog, cat, bird, or fish
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Abstract
本发明公开了由聚酯酰胺和淀粉制作的可生物降解的动物咀嚼物。此外,公开了这种可生物降解的动物咀嚼物的形成方法,其中聚酯酰胺组分形成了分散于连续淀粉相内的不同的非连续区域。
Description
本发明涉及一种可生物降解的动物咀嚼物,以及由聚酯酰胺和淀粉形成这种可生物降解咀嚼物玩具的方法。
美国专利5,827,565中指出大部分狗喜欢咀嚼有味的物体,但对硬度的偏爱程度不同。一些狗喜欢咀嚼非常硬的物质,如牛骨、木头、尼龙,而其它一些偏爱较软的咀嚼物,如聚氨酯或橡胶,但仍有一些喜爱冷冻干燥的点心。一些狗,由于年龄的原因,可能不能咀嚼非常硬的物体。年龄较小的狗没有足够成熟的牙齿,而老狗可能患有齿龈疾病或可能脱落了一些牙齿。
申请人的受让人T.F.H.Publications Inc.曾经开发过一种可食用的狗咀嚼物,它具有营养,可全部被消化,并且可通过施热单独调整其结构或硬度,以适应各种狗的偏爱或需要。这种狗咀嚼物利用了主要含酪蛋白的混合物,并且在美国专利5,200,212和5,240,720中有所描述。
本申请共同受让人所拥有的美国专利5,827,565中公开了一种可热膨胀的狗咀嚼物的制造方法,该方法主要包括将马铃薯淀粉颗粒和引诱剂注塑成型。所述的引诱剂包括鸡粉、肝粉、猪腿肉、火鸡、牛肉和或鱼。不可以添加诸如菠菜或胡萝卜的天然植物添加剂,将所得的混合物加热和国压模塑成所需的形状,如狗骨头。接下来,可以通过加热改良如此生产的狗骨头的质地或硬度,优选在微波炉中加热。
美国专利申请09/138,804,(其是美国专利5,827,565的连续部分申请,并且为一申请的共同受让人拥有)公开了一种具天然水果味的狗咀嚼物,以提高狗对这种咀嚼物的食欲。该水果味的狗咀嚼物中还可以含有天然食用着色剂来增强咀嚼物对狗主人的吸引力。食用着色剂也可以与水果调味剂相对应,并且其中公开的狗咀嚼物还可以含有狗的气息甜味剂如薄荷、留兰香、椒样薄荷或冬青并且还可以含有欧芹。这种可食用咀嚼物的优选形式保留了可热膨胀的淀粉的基本成分,例如马铃薯淀粉。可以向马铃薯淀粉、水和碳酸钙与天然水果调味剂的混合物颗粒中添加水果调味剂。
还应注意以下的美国专利或未审结的申请(被本发明的受让人共同拥有):美国专利5,476,069;美国专利申请号:08/923,070,1997.9.3提交,标题为“蔬菜基料的狗咀嚼物”;08/738,423,1997.10.25提交,标题为“可食用的狗咀嚼物”;08/784,834,1997.1.17提交,标题为“胡萝卜基料的狗咀嚼物”;08/888,611,1997.7.7提交,标题为“蔬菜狗咀嚼物”;09/114,872,1998.7.14提交,标题为“可热改性的蔬菜狗咀嚼物”;09/138,804,1998.8.21提交,标题为“改进的可食用狗咀嚼物”;09/116,555,1998.7.15提交,标题为“可热改性的花生狗咀嚼物”;09/116,070,1998.7.15提交,标题为“质量改良的小麦&酪蛋白狗咀嚼物”;09/227,767,1999.1.8提交,标题为“可食用淀粉的模塑成型方法”。除这些专利和申请外,还应当注意所说专利和申请中提及的文献,因为这些文献涉及了成型淀粉产品的领域。
此外,近来现有技术得到相当可观地增长,已经公开了涉及其它各种增味宠物产品的技术。例如,美国专利5,786,383标题为“缬草属植物和/或根作为气味吸引剂用以刺激犬和猫的用途”。该专利公开了将草药/植物缬草整体或部分的所有形式用于食物产品,以缬草发出的天然香气的方式作为狗和猫的气味/吸引剂。
美国专利4,985,964和5,007,879,标题为“狗咀嚼物加工方法”,公开了加工牛蹄用作狗咀嚼物的方法。
美国专利5,149,550,标题为“制作宠物咀嚼物的方法”,公开了使牛和其它有蹄牲畜的韧带基本上不含脂肪并且将其干燥和硬化用作宠物咀嚼物。
美国专利5,407,661,标题为“具有护口性能的宠物咀嚼物产品”,公开了一种可食用的宠物咀嚼物产品,该产品具有柔韧性的多孔基质,其中含有纤维状的纤维质物质例如玉米穗轴成分,其被描述为当被宠物咀嚼时具有机械净化的作用。
美国专利5,635,237,标题为“基本上纯生皮的宠物产品的制造方法”,公开了一种纯生皮咀嚼物的制造方法,它使用双螺杆挤出机,该挤出机带有多个加热区和可相互交换的挤出模具。
美国专利5,771,254,标题为“狗咀嚼物玩具”,公开了一种用于狗咀嚼的玩具,该玩具由一长的复合绳状物形成,该绳状物具有由天然植物或合成纤维的捻线股所确定的内芯和在内芯周围由软棉花线捻成的多层股所确定的软外壳。据说内芯比外壳的吸水性小,从而当被狗的唾液润湿时有利于玩具的干燥,以便抑制细菌生长。
美国专利5,750,196,标题为“用轮胎侧壁制造狗咀嚼物玩具的方法”,公开了将染料用于从回收的旧轮胎侧壁所切割出的玩具基料中。
这种产品的其它较早实例可见Axelrod的美国专利3,871,334(含液体调味剂和香气组分的尼龙物)和Axelrod的美国专利4,771,773(含水基调味剂和香气组分的聚氨酯玩具)。Edwards的美国专利4,557,219和4,513,014公开了调味剂在模塑聚氨酯咀嚼物体中的用途。
因此,本发明的目的是对申请人早期关于动物咀嚼物的公开技术的进一步改进,其由热塑性聚酯酰胺和淀粉形成可生物降解的动物咀嚼物。进一步讲,本发明的目的是形成聚酯酰胺组分分散于连续淀粉相内的不同区域中的、可生物降解的动物咀嚼物。
一种改进的可生物降解的动物咀嚼物,含有热塑性可生物降解的聚酯酰胺和淀粉。在第二个实施方案中,公开了这种可生物降解的动物咀嚼的形成方法。
本发明包括一种由聚酯酰胺和淀粉形成的可生物降解的动物咀嚼物。聚酯酰胺是含有酯连接和酰胺连接的聚合物。这种聚合物的生物降解能力来自其酯连接对水解的敏感性。另一方面,这种聚酯酰胺的酰胺连接提供了常规聚酰胺(即尼龙)所需的机械性能。尼龙是指一类高强度、弹性合成材料,其长链含有重复的酰胺基因。
本发明中所用的聚酯酰胺可以由一种或多种式Ⅰ的二羧酸、与一种或多种式Ⅱ的二醇和一种或多种式Ⅲ的二胺反应来制备:
HOOC-R1-COOH Ⅰ
HO-R2-OH Ⅱ
H2N-R3-NH2 Ⅲ
其中R1、R2和R3可以相同或不同,并且选自线形脂族、环脂族、芳族和芳脂族基团。
其中R1、R2和R3包括二阶脂族和/或环脂族基团,所得的聚酯酰胺通称为脂族聚酯酰胺。另一方面,其中R1、R2或R3部分地包括二价芳族和/或芳脂族基团,所得的聚酯酰胺通常称为混合脂族/芳族聚酯酰胺。其中当R1、R2和R3基本上含一半二价芳族时,所得的聚酯酰胺通称为芳族聚酯酰胺。
美国专利4,081,428和美国专利4,474,936描述了由二羧酸、二醇和二胺制备聚酯酰胺的方法,这里引入其教导作为参考。
或者,本发明中所用的聚酯酰胺可以由式Ⅰ的二羧酸和式Ⅳ的羟胺形成:
H2N-R4-OH Ⅳ
其中R4选自线形脂族、环脂族、芳族和芳脂族基团。美国专利4,373,085描述了由二羧酸、二胺和羟胺制备聚酯酰胺的方法,这里引入其教导作为参考。
本发明中所用的优选聚酯酰胺还可以由氨基羧酸、内酰胺和/或尼龙盐与各种二醇反应制备,包括聚己内酯二醇。美国专利4,663,428描述了由氨基羧酸、内酰胺、尼龙盐和二元醇制备聚酯酰胺的方法,这里引入其教导作为参考。
本发明中所用的优选的聚酯酰胺是Bayer市售的商标名称为“BAK”的材料。Bayer的产品BAK404-004是半晶状、大多透明的、脂族、可生物降解的热塑性材料。BAK404-004的DSC熔点为137℃。
本发明中所用的淀粉是从各种植物例如玉米、马铃薯、木薯和谷类中提取的天然物类。淀粉是多糖化合物,经水解产生糖。淀粉包括通常称为直链淀粉的线形组分和通常称为支链淀粉的支化组分。直链淀粉的分子量通常为几十万,而支链淀粉的分子量通常在几百万数量级。含有0-100%直链淀粉或0-100%支链淀粉的淀粉均可以用于本发明。
这里所用的淀粉应当理解为优选包括有时被称为糯质淀粉的高支链淀粉,以及化学和物理改性的淀粉,例如其酸值被降低的淀粉、其中与磷酸根有关的阳离子的类型和浓度被改良的淀粉、乙氧基化淀粉、淀粉乙酸酯、阳离子淀粉、氧化淀粉和交联淀粉。
优选使用荷兰Veendam之AVEBE出售的商标名称为PARAGON1010 IM的马铃薯淀粉产品。PARAGON 1010 IM是以热塑性颗粒的形式出售的。基于所用淀粉的重量,本发明的聚酯酰胺组分可以占约0-99wt%。优选使用1-50wt%、1-40wt%和1-30wt%的聚酯酰胺与淀粉组合形成本发明的混合物。最优选,使用1-30wt%的聚酯酰胺,并且在一个最优选的实施方案中是15-25wt%。优选将聚酯酰胺组分与淀粉组分干混,然后将混合物模塑成所需的形状。
本领域技术人员应知道,注塑装置是一种优选的混合装置,一般包括料斗进料部分、圆桶和输出喷口,在由料斗部分延伸至喷口的圆桶部分包括多个加热区。
本发明发现将与料斗相邻的第一区的温度保持在小于150°F(65.5℃)是优选的。更优选地,将与料斗相邻的第一区设置在约45-150°F(7.5-65.6℃)的范围。在一更为优选的实施方案中,在相邻于料斗的第一区和相邻于第一区的第二区中,第一区温度设定为约45-70°F(6.5-21℃),且第二区的温度设定为约70-150°F(21-65.5℃)。所说的温度通过安放在注塑装置圆桶周围的冷却盘管可以很方便地达到。冷却盘管优选由铜管制成,并且用循环水冷却。
在一个特别优选的实施方案中,使用以下的温度分布来模塑本发明的聚酯酰胺/淀粉组合物:4区(最接近料斗)=45-70°F(6.5-21℃);3区=70-150°F(21-65.5℃);2区=150-300°F(65.5-149℃);1区=275-375°F(135-190.5℃);喷口=275-390°F(135-199℃)。此外,模具内的套管优选设定为约325-425°F(162.5-218.5℃)。模具温度优选设定为35-65°F(2-18.5℃)。
与将螺杆的圆桶加热以便使料斗附近各区中的物料熔化的较简单的操作所不同,上述设定的温度分布可导致使这些区中的圆桶冷却,由此可防止聚酯酰胺/淀粉混合物过热和被灼烧。此外,使用这种温度分布不会产生以聚酯酰胺组分与淀粉组分混杂为基础而形成的彻底的熔体。而是,模塑成型的聚酯酰胺/淀粉产品含有分散在连续淀粉相内的离散的聚酯酰胺区域。在本发明中,这种离散的聚酯酰胺与连续的淀粉相可以通过视觉相区分,或者通过光学显微镜可容易观察到。
本领域技术人员知道,可以将产品模塑成各种形状,包括骨状、棒状、环状、碟状等等。因此,从宽的方面来说,尽管注塑是优选的,但包括任何其它类型的模塑方法。例如,本发明的聚酯酰胺/淀粉组合物适合于压模以及其它本领域可利用的热塑性加工技术。对此,可以通过挤出技术来制备所说的淀粉/聚酯酰胺混合物。
根据本发明,可以选择性地在模塑加工过程中向聚酯酰胺/淀粉组合添加调味剂。天然调味剂是优选的。如本领域技术人员所知道的,这种调味剂可以是粉状和液体状。这类水果调味剂在本发明动物咀嚼物中的重量含量优选为约0.1-约5.0wt%,更优选为0.25-1.0wt%。
此外,在模塑之前可向聚酯酰胺/淀粉混合物添加食用着色剂,以增强咀嚼物的吸引力。优选天然食用着色剂。食用着色剂在本发明动物咀嚼物中的含量优选为约0.05-约10wt%,更优选为0.1-1.0wt%。
香料可以在模塑之前添加到聚酯酰胺/淀粉混合物中。香料在本发明中的重量含量优选为约0.1-约5.0wt%。优选的香料包括茶树油。
以下实施例将用来进一步说明本领域技术人员怎样使用本发明并且鉴别出其中的优选实施方案。然而这些实施例不对本发明的范围起限制作用,本发明的范围仅由所附的权利要求书来确定。
实施例1
在本实施例中,将5磅(2.27kg)的BAK404-004与30磅(13.61kg)的PARAGON 1010 IM混合。向该混合物添加1.5盎司(42g)红色食用着色剂和0.25磅(0.11kg)肝粉。将BAK404-004/PARAGON 1010IM/红色食用着色剂/肝粉混合物注塑。使用上述公开的优选模塑参数,得到模塑成型的、可生物降解的动物咀嚼物,其含有约14.28%的、分散子连续淀粉相内视觉可见的离散区域中的聚酯酰胺。
实施例2
在本实施例中,将10磅(4.54kg)的BAK404-004与25磅(11.34kg)的PARAGON 1010IM混合。向该混合物添加1盎司(28g)绿色食用着色剂和0.25磅(0.11kg)肝粉。将BAK404-004/PARAGON1010 IM/绿色食用着色剂/肝粉混合物注塑。使用上述公开的优选模塑参数,得到模塑成型的、可生物降解的动物咀嚼物,其含有约28.69wt%、分散于连续淀粉相内视觉可见的离散区域中的聚酯酰胺。
实施例3
将15磅(6.81kg)的BAK 404-004与20磅(9.07kg)的PARAGON1010 IM混合。向该混合物添加1.0磅(0.45g)橙红色食用着色剂。将BAK404-004/PARAGON 1010 IM/橙色食用着色剂注塑。使用上述公开的优选模塑参数,得到模塑成型的、可生物降解的动物咀嚼物,其含有约43wt%、分散于连续淀粉相内视觉可见的离散区域中的聚酯酰胺。
Claims (20)
1、一种可生物降解的动物咀嚼物,含有聚酯酰胺和淀粉的混合物。
2、权利要求1的可生物降解的动物咀嚼物,其中所说的聚酯酰胺占约1-50wt%。
3、权利要求1的可生物降解的动物咀嚼物玩具,其中所说的聚酯酰胺占约1-40wt%。
4、权利要求1的可生物降解的动物咀嚼物玩具,其中所说的聚酯酰胺占约1-30wt%。
5、权利要求1的可生物降解的动物咀嚼物玩具,其中所说的聚酯酰胺占约10-30wt%。
6、权利要求1的可生物降解的动物咀嚼物玩具,其中所说的聚酯酰胺占约15-25wt%。
7、权利要求1的可生物降解的动物咀嚼物,其中所说的聚酯酰胺选自脂族聚酯酰胺、混合的脂族/芳族聚酯酰胺、芳族酯酰胺及其混合物。
8、权利要求1的可生物降解的动物咀嚼物,其中所说的淀粉选自玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、木薯淀粉及其混合物。
9、权利要求1的可生物降解的动物咀嚼物,其中所说的淀粉包括以颗粒形式挤出的马铃薯淀粉。
10、权利要求1的可生物降解的动物咀嚼物,还含有食用着色剂,其中所说的食用着色剂占聚酯酯酰胺/淀粉混合物重量的约0.1-约5wt%。
11、权利要求1的可生物降解的动物咀嚼物,还含有选自液体调味剂、粉状调味剂及其混合物的调味剂,其中所说的调味剂占聚酯酰胺/淀粉混合物重量的约0.1-约5.0wt%。
12、权利要求1的可生物降解的动物咀嚼物玩具,其中所说的动物咀嚼物包括具有骨、碟、棒或环形状的模塑产品制品。
13、权利要求12的可生物降解的动物咀嚼物,其中所说的咀嚼物注塑成型。
14、权利要求1的可生物降解的动物咀嚼物,其中所说的淀粉占据模塑制品的连续相,并且所说的聚酯酰胺占据离散的非连续相。
15、权利要求14的可生物降解的动物咀嚼物,其中所说的聚酯酰胺分散在所说模塑制品内的不同区域。
16、一种可生物降解的动物咀嚼物的形成方法,包括如下步骤:
提供聚酯酰胺;
提供淀粉;
混合所说的聚酯酰胺与所说的淀粉;并且
将所说的聚酯酰胺/淀粉混合物模塑成型为所说的的咀嚼物。
17、权利要求16的方法,其中所说的聚酯酰胺选自脂族聚酯酰胺、混合的脂族/芳族聚酯酰胺、芳族聚酯酰胺及其混合物。
18、权利要求16的方法,其中所说的淀粉选自玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、木薯淀粉及其混合物。
19、权利要求16的方法,其中所说的淀粉包括以颗粒形式挤出的马铃薯淀粉。
20、权利要求16的方法,其中所说的注塑使用注塑装置来完成,该注塑装置包括料斗进料部分、圆桶、输出喷口,以及由所说料斗部分延伸至所说喷口、在所说圆桶中的多个加热区,其中所说的多个反应区设定为如下温度:
1区=70°F或70°F以下;
2区=150°F或150°F以下;
3区=300°F或300°F以下;
4区=375°F或375°F以下。
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-
1999
- 1999-11-19 US US09/443,590 patent/US6274182B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-10-24 NZ NZ507725A patent/NZ507725A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-11-06 CA CA002325216A patent/CA2325216C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-11-09 JP JP2000342548A patent/JP2001169680A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-11-14 ES ES00403163T patent/ES2216841T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-11-14 AT AT00403163T patent/ATE262796T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-11-14 DE DE60009424T patent/DE60009424T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-11-14 EP EP00403163A patent/EP1103189B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-11-17 AU AU71694/00A patent/AU779113B2/en not_active Expired
- 2000-11-20 CN CNB001325205A patent/CN1240270C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-09-05 HK HK01106248A patent/HK1035468A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN100355336C (zh) * | 2002-04-19 | 2007-12-19 | 帕拉贡产品股份有限公司 | 宠物磨牙物及其生产方法 |
CN100417320C (zh) * | 2003-01-09 | 2008-09-10 | T·F·H·发行公司 | 不透射线的动物咀嚼物 |
CN100539829C (zh) * | 2003-08-18 | 2009-09-16 | T·F·H·发行公司 | 包含硬质和柔软咀嚼表面的动物咀嚼物品 |
CN101453902B (zh) * | 2006-04-05 | 2013-07-24 | T·F·H·发行公司 | 树脂的直接熔体加工 |
CN101313735B (zh) * | 2008-07-12 | 2012-02-01 | 陈振录 | 一种骨蛋白及其制作工艺 |
CN105072921A (zh) * | 2013-03-26 | 2015-11-18 | 马斯公司 | 可食用动物咀嚼物 |
CN105072921B (zh) * | 2013-03-26 | 2020-11-10 | 马斯公司 | 可食用动物咀嚼物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2325216C (en) | 2008-02-12 |
CA2325216A1 (en) | 2001-05-19 |
AU7169400A (en) | 2001-05-24 |
EP1103189B1 (en) | 2004-03-31 |
ES2216841T3 (es) | 2004-11-01 |
DE60009424T2 (de) | 2005-02-17 |
JP2001169680A (ja) | 2001-06-26 |
EP1103189A2 (en) | 2001-05-30 |
EP1103189A3 (en) | 2002-06-05 |
DE60009424D1 (de) | 2004-05-06 |
HK1035468A1 (en) | 2001-11-30 |
US6274182B1 (en) | 2001-08-14 |
NZ507725A (en) | 2001-11-30 |
AU779113B2 (en) | 2005-01-06 |
CN1240270C (zh) | 2006-02-08 |
ATE262796T1 (de) | 2004-04-15 |
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