CN1296425A - Filter for removing solid from liquid - Google Patents

Abstract

A filter (10) is disclosed which comprises a casing (18) having an inlet (42) for water to be purified. There is a first stage filter (12, 16, 58) for removing solids from the water. The water flows from the first stage filter to a second stage filter (66) for the purpose of subjecting the water to ultra filtration or micro filtration and/or to reverse osmosis.

Description

From liquid, remove the filter of solid

The present invention relates to a kind of filter of from liquid, removing solid.This filter is intended to especially, but be not limited only to, for purifying is drunk and each side water such as boiler is removed the purposes of solid from water.

The supply of water is very in short supply, and not treatedly just can not be used to drink, agricultural or industrial.The ocean constitutes the abundantest water source, but contains a large amount of undissolved solid (30000/1000000ths to 40000.Depend on and also have a large amount of mud and/or sand that suspend in the concrete geographical position seawater.Therefore regardless of using aspect which all and must filtering earlier and desalinate.

River, lake and underground water source often are infected with soluble solid and suspension or the disperse solid matter in water.Having in addition will be by the biological substance of micro-filtration or ultrafiltration removal.

The purpose of this invention is to provide and a kind of known filter has been carried out improved filter.

According to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of filter, contain: the first order filter of removing solid in casing that remains the filtered water water inlet, the water from enter casing in described casing, with one in casing and flow into second level filter from the water of first order filter, and second level filter comprises and is used for carrying out the reverse osmosis membrane that ultrafiltration or micro-filtration and/or removal are dissolved in the solid of water.

In a preferred form, described casing is longilineal, described first and second grades of filters described casing vertically on adjoin each other.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of filter is provided, contain the elongated casing that defines a slender space, a water inlet that passes to the water to be purified in said space, an infiltration water leaves the delivery port in described space, flow out the delivery port in described space with a seawater, in described space, be used for removing the first order filter of solid that enters the water in described space through described water inlet, a chamber that forms described space segment, with a second level filter, described second level filter comprises and is used for carrying out the reverse osmosis membrane that ultrafiltration or micro-filtration and/or removal are dissolved in the solid of water, described first order filter, described chamber and filter membrane are placed to such an extent that make water cross described first order filter to described chamber along the longitudinal stream of casing, then through the delivery port of described second level filter to described chamber.

Describe with reference to accompanying drawing by way of example now, how to work with the better the present invention of understanding and expression the present invention.

Fig. 1 is the schematic cross-section according to filter of the present invention, and Fig. 1 also represents to connect the pipeline of filter;

Fig. 2 is the front view of the disk of Fig. 1 filter, and the engineer's scale of Fig. 2 is greater than the engineer's scale of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the cross section of the disk on III-III line through Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is the rearview of disk;

Fig. 5 is the view of spiral water flow guiding piece, and engineer's scale is greater than the engineer's scale of Fig. 2 to Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is the cross section of the working method of a part of filter of expression, and engineer's scale is much bigger;

Fig. 7 is the diagram of reverse osmosis filter core;

Fig. 8 is the sectional view through the filter of another form;

Fig. 9 is the end-view of the filter of Fig. 8;

Figure 10 is " decomposition " schematic diagram of the filter of Fig. 8 and 9;

Figure 11 is the diagram of the filter part of Fig. 8 to Figure 10, and engineer's scale is bigger;

Figure 12 is the cross section through another form filter;

Figure 13 is the end-view of the filter of Figure 12;

Figure 14 is " decomposition " schematic diagram of the filter of Figure 12 and 13.

Filter shown in Figure 1 is marked with 10, contains a plurality of pipelines that are marked with 12 micropore.A back bending 14 is arranged in each pipeline 12, and the end of each pipeline connects a disk 16 that is assemblied in the cylindrical shell 18.Be provided with the sealing gasket (not shown) between casing 18 and disk 16, described sealing gasket is assemblied in the groove 20 (specifically seeing Fig. 2) in the neighboring that is formed at disk 16.

The opposing ends of casing is closed by end cap 22 and 24, end cap 22 and 24 locking ring structure 26 fix in position by two parts.The outer shroud 28 of each locking ring structure 26 is embedded in the wall of casing 18 with glass fiber-reinforced and resin manufacture casing the time.In ring 30 are forms of the driffractive ring that can take off, before inserting ring 28 the reduced of interior ring 30.Ring 30 then skids off casing 18 to interior ring in can taking away by the mode of diameter reduction, thereby discharges end cap.

By the sealing of O-ring seals (not shown), O-ring seals is in the groove 32 and 34 of end cap 22,24 between end cap 22,24 and the casing 18.

End cap 22 and disk 16 define a cavity 36 that comprises pipeline 12.Pipe 38 passes end cap 22, crosses over chamber 36, and is communicated with the centre bore 40 of disk 16 endways.Hole 42 is communicated with by end cap 22 and with chamber 36.Pump 44 is connected with hole 42 by pipeline 44 and water to be filtered 48 is fed to chamber 36 from the water source.Pump 44 is also connected to the cistern 50 of water cleaning, after filtering.Valve 52,54 optionally allows water or raw water behind pump 44 suction filtrations.

Disk 16 porose 56 passes, and the end of each pipeline 12 is communicated with corresponding hole 56, and these pipelines are the U font in chamber 36 and under disk 16 sagging.Hole 56 be not axially arrange but an angle (seeing Fig. 2-4) is arranged, be 58 the water eddy flow in vortex cavity 58 in the conical minor air cell in disk 16 top of being formed at thereby enter label.Be arranged to helical array by Fig. 2 and 4 visible described holes 56.

A screw type water flow guide 60 forms integral body with disk 16, perhaps is fixed thereon, and is arranged in minor air cell 58.Described water flow guide is on the flange 62 outstanding from the main body of disk 16.

Minor air cell 58 constitutes the end that the label that is defined by disk 16 and end cap 24 is 64 space.

The casing 66 that a hollow is arranged in space 64, comprise two water can through the membrane material of infiltration.These two membrane materials are fixed together along its periphery welding or in other mode.The membrane material of what type can use.For example, milipore filter, micro-filtration membrane or anti-seepage membrane can use.When diaphragm welded together, two pipes 68 and 70 were entered in welding.Pipe 68 stretches out from casing 66, and the wall of process casing 18 reaches a shutoff valve 72.Shutoff valve 72 is connected to a pressure gas source or water source.

Pipe 70 exposes from casing 18 by the centre bore 76 of end cap 24, is connected with valve 78 then.Can establish a plurality of casings 66 side by side and form an assembled unit.When can preventing each casing in operate as normal, other pad (not shown) between pad within the casing 66 80 and the casing 66 subsides excessive expansion when preventing also that casing 66 from pressing in being subjected to.

Residual have the apopore 82 of the water of any solid to pass end cap 24.Pipeline 84 82 leads to three-way pipe 86 from the hole.Other pipeline label that is connected with three-way pipe is 88 and 90.Pipeline 88 leads to valve 92, and pipeline 90 leads to valve 94.

A three-way pipe 96 is arranged between valve 94 and pump 44.Valve 98 is connected between pipeline 46 and the three-way pipe 96.An arm 100 leads to valve 102 from pipeline 46.Pipe 38 is connected on the valve 106 by pipeline 104.

In the use, the water that contains solid to be filtered 48 is extracted out from the water source by pump 44, and is fed to chamber 36 through three-way pipe 96, valve 98 and pipeline 46 under pressure.Pipeline 12 filters the bulk solid in the water, as described later.

Water through the tube wall of the micropore permeation pipeline 12 of tube wall flows into its inside, flows along the micropore of pipeline 12, enters hole 56 and flows to minor air cell 58 then.

Hole 56 enters the angle of minor air cell 58, and the form that is provided with of spiral guiding piece 60, impels water to form eddy current near the part above the minor air cell in minor air cell 58 and space 64.

During beginning, valve 106 is opened fully, and the pressure in the space 64 produces very strong initial current, and these current flow through centre bore 40, pipe 38 and pipeline 104.This will be in the minor air cell 58 center cause the generation of eddy current.

The bulk solid that is filtered out by pipeline 12 does not enter hole 40.Should be appreciated that all water that enters hole 40 flows in the waste water.Regulate the water flow velocity of the valve 106 of flowing through from starting working, until keep continuous eddy current to have the current output of needed minimum.By regulating this flow velocity, can obtain a kind of flow pattern that suppresses usually with the so-called overcurrent eddy current of the coaxial existence of main eddy current.Experimental work shows that main eddy current extends through the certain distance in disk 16 tops, and intensity descends always, can not measure at last.Above main eddy current, have one upward to current, but the overcurrent eddy current that seldom has or do not have upwards to flow with solid particle at all.

The final stage of filter process takes place in water when permeating through the membrane material that constitutes casing 66.Solid particle is stayed the outside of casing 66, and the water that has removed solid particle in fact flows to valve 78 through pipe 70, arrives cistern, feed pipe then, perhaps uses water spot.

The pressure at apopore 76 places of monitoring filter 10, and when detecting the amount of pressure deficiency, start automatic cleaning procedure.

The major part of cleaning procedure comprise short time valve-off 52,98,92 and 106 and the short time open valve 54,94 and 102.This causes sucking clean water and extracting clean water through valve 94 to space 64 by pump 44 from cistern 50.Pressure in the space 64 rises and makes in the pipeline 12 pressure with the rising of quantity.The current cleaning channels that backflows of 12 micropore will be illustrated later by the road.Here cleaning channels 12 is by temporarily realizing pressing to bring up on the external pressure in it.

From the material of pipeline 12 outsides depositions through the hole 42, pipeline 100 and valve 102 discharge from chamber 36.

The backflowing of water makes the eddy current in the chamber 58 disappear, when Open valve 53,98,92 again and 106 and valve-off 54,94 and 102 time again, and abundant Open valve 106, adjusting then to rebulid eddy current.

Because the water of cleaning is fed in the space 64, can interrupt the current of the casing 66 of flowing through in the process of cleaning channels 12.

Be cleaning casing 66, the short time is opened valve 72, typically is a second or below the second, thereby makes gas or water inflation casing 66 under the pressure.While is valve-off 78 in short time.Outer spacer between the casing 66 prevents their excessive expansions and explosion.The unexpected expansion of casing is discharging attached to the solid matter on its outer wall, and the 64 normal current that flow to hole 82 are taken away the solid matter of discharging through valve 92 and discharged from the space.

Be to be understood that each casing 66 all has pipe 68 and pipe 70.Pipe 68 and pipe 70 lead to a public menifold.

Pipe 12 is to have rubber, rubber composition or the synthetic plastic that solid matter can not adhere to superincumbent surface very doughtily.This class surface that needs can be comparable with the tire of motor vehicles.Although earth can be bonded on the tire, connect not closely, if clay and drying, be easy to kick off, if wet then being easy to washed.

Each pipeline 12 has a plurality of outer surfaces from pipe to lead to the micropore of the inner surface of pipe therein.In Fig. 6, show a such micropore, be marked with 108.At the micropore on the outer surface of pipe 108 greater than the micropore on the inner surface at pipe.Preferably, the diameter of micropore outer end is in 5 microns scope, and the diameter of micropore the inner is at the order of magnitude of one or two micron.The thickness of tube wall is about 15 millimeters.

Label is that 110 solid particle is deposited in the micropore 108 in Fig. 3, in the short time after start (from several seconds to a few minutes), among each hole 108 a certain amount of particle is arranged, these particles play filter, make water can enter the inside of the sky of pipeline 12, but stop other solid matter to pass through.Should be appreciated that the entrained solid electrodeposition substance was on the outer surface of pipeline 12 in the water when water passed through the filter that is made of the particle in each micropore 108.The solid matter of Ju Jiing label in Fig. 6 is 112 like this.When water as mentioned before in the other direction when micropore 108 flows, the solid matter of accumulation is walked in flushing.

We find that also the pressure drop at each micropore 108 two ends should be not too high.If pressure drop is too high, particle 110 in the micropore 108 and the solid of assembling 112 are sucked in the micropore 108 by this power, and make it to be difficult to remove the solid matter 112 that gathers.Thereby block micropore 108, and the current that the inside that flows to the sky of pipe from pipeline 46 through the micropore 18 in the pipeline 12 flows to minor air cell 58 then can descend significantly.

Casing 66 can replace with the film of reeling spirally, and the anti-seepage membrane of filter core 114 forms for example shown in Figure 7 replaces.Describe such filter in detail with reference to Figure 13 and 14.

Filter core 114 contains a central tube 116, and the reverse osmosis units 118 that respectively contains two composition polymer sheets 120 and 122 and intermediate washers 124 is wound on the central tube 116.Pipe is porose 126 on 116, aligns along described pipe in this hole.Water in the infiltration lane of label 128 enters pipe 116 through these holes.Salt retention passages label is 130.

Two sheets 120 and 122 are connected together to form each reverse osmosis units 118 along its three edge joint welds.The 4th limit do not weld together, but is adhesively fixed on the pipe 116 with the offside of glue round 126 in pipe 116.Thereby each round 126 is communicated with the infiltration lane 128 of each reverse osmosis units.

Among Fig. 7, just for illustrative purposes, the diaphragm 120 of top reverse osmosis units 118 and opened expression in 122 minutes, thus pad 124 can be seen.Another reverse osmosis units 118 is shown has the diaphragm 120 that welds together and 122 edge, therefore cannot see pad 124.

The quantity of reverse osmosis units 118 depends on row's number in hole 126, because each reverse osmosis units all should be placed to such an extent that its infiltration lane 128 is communicated with corresponding hole row.

After being wound on the pipe 116, the diaphragm 120 of each reverse osmosis units 118 just contacts with 122 with the diaphragm 120 of the diaphragm 118 of adjacent reverse osmosis units 118 Face to face with 122.

After all reverse osmosis units 118 all made the inward flange of its diaphragm 120 and 122 be bonded on the pipe 116, reverse osmosis units just is wound on the pipe 116 then to wrap preventing with belt tightly unclamped.Establish an overcoat (not shown) then to prevent behind feedback water in filter core 114 reverse osmosis units 118 explosions when diaphragm 120 and 122 is exerted pressure.Outer sleeve fits in the casing 18.

Should be appreciated that passage 130 all is open in two axial end of the filter core 18 of reeling.

Filter core is used in combination with two end caps of label 132 and 134.End cap 132 contains a disk 136 and a flange 138 of launching around the periphery of disk 136.The filter core end that end cap 132 occurs in brine stream.Have on the disk 136 one with pipe 116 centre bores that align 140, also have the hole 142 of a plurality of brine stream warps.Between the end of filter core and disk 136, have, for example two to four centimetres gap.The effect of end cap 132 is to produce a back pressure at the water outlet end that is directly adjacent to the salt aquaporin.The axle in hole 140,142 is parallel with the axis of pipe 116.

End cap 134 is at the water inlet end of filter core 134.It contains a disk 144, described disk have one with pipe 116 centre bores that align 146 and a plurality of in hole 146 and the hole 148 between the peripheral flange 150 that the periphery of disk 144 launches.Disk 144 can make progress four centimetres from filter core facing to the end of filter core.

The axle in hole 148 is parallel with pipe 116 axis but an angle is arranged with it.This causes the discontinuous current through via hole 148, and with an inclination and end do not impact filter core along the path that is parallel to pipe 116.The orientation in hole makes current produce vortex with the direction identical with the reverse osmosis units coiling.

Should be appreciated that filter core 114 place be able to end cap 134 adjacent disk 16 and end cap 132 at the other end of casing 18 in abutting connection with end cap 24.

Referring now to Fig. 8 to 11, these figure represent a filter 152, and filter 152 comprises a casing 154, and the membrane type filter core 114 of the sort of type that illustrates with reference to Fig. 7 and the prefilter of label 156 are wherein arranged.Prefilter 56 has three cylinders 158 that comprise the sheet of separator material wall.Cylinder 158 is in chamber 160.The water inlet label of chamber 160 is 162.Current enter the inside of tube through the wall of net tube 158, and from then on the inside of cylinder 158 166 flows to another chamber 164 through the hole then.Chamber 164 is connected on the disk 168 in a side, and cylinder 158 is installed on the disk 168, and forms hole 166 therein, and chamber 164 connects the end cap 134 of filter core 114 at opposite side.

The delivery port label that salt solution leaves filter core 114 is 170, and the label of the delivery port of the water that penetrates is 172, and these mouthfuls are on end cap 174.

Filter core 114 and disk 168 are that 176,178 and 180 pad is held in place by label.Water inlet 162 in end cap 182, the circulus 184 and 186 that is held in place of handlebar end cap 182 and end cap 174 herein.

Usually be marked with 188 pipeline the delivery port 190 in the end cap 182 of being connected internally to of cylinder 158.Waste pipe 192 leads to wastewater disposal basin from chamber 164 through end cap 182.

When operate as normal, the water that wherein includes solid enters filter through water inlet 162, and the netted cylinder 158 of flowing through through via hole 166, strides across film 164, enters the salt retention passages of filter core 114 then thus.Infiltration water flows out and salt solution flows out through delivery port 170 through delivery port 172.

For filter rinsed, for press water, this water flows to the salt retention passages from permeate channel through film to delivery port 172.Behind salt retention passages inflow chamber 164, some water can flow to wastewater disposal basin through managing 192.

Remaining water is in hole 166 flows to cylinder 158.A part that enters the water of cylinder 158 flows through the outer surface of net with the cleaning cylinder.Remaining water flows to delivery port 199 through managing 188, passes the solid matter of the net of cylinder 158 before wherein carrying.

Pipeline correct shown in Figure 1, so that filter core can be cleaned by removing pipe 68 and valve 72 and water source 74 being directly connected on the hole 76.Valve-off 78 in cleaning film.

With reference to Figure 12,13 and 14, these figure represent to be similar to filter shown in Figure 1 at last, but this filter has a filter core 114 to replace casing 66.And it is structurally similar to the filter of Fig. 8 to 11, but replaces net tube 158 with the pipeline 12 that reference Fig. 1 is described.The end cap 134 of Figure 14 is expressed as the pattern that has with different hole shown in Figure 10.In addition, as long as at feasible place, be one side with Figure 12,13 and 14, on the other hand, adopt similar label with Fig. 8 to Figure 11.

The filter of Figure 12 to 14 to clean with identical mode above to Fig. 8 to 11 explanation.

Shown in Fig. 1 and 12, the filter that comprises minor air cell 58 is with operated in vertical position.Therefore the filter of Figure 12 to 14 must be with operated in vertical position.The filter of Fig. 8 to 11 can flatly be worked.

Pipeline 12 can be removed size at all solids more than 12 microns.Depend on used net, filter cylinder 158 and remove the solid more than 20 microns of having an appointment.The solids content in the water of presenting and the quality of desired final water are depended in the selection of prefilter.

Can use dish type filter (being preferably the dish type filter of automated cleaning) to replace flexible pipe 12 and cylinder 158, perhaps be used in water and flow to the filter that can remove any other type of the above solid of desired size before the filter core 114 that is used for ultrafiltration or micro-filtration or removes soluble solids or the casing 66 and replace flexible pipe 12 and cylinder 158.

If place the bead of rubber-like material in chamber 160, their can be passed by the water that flows and in described chamber " resilience " everywhere, keep solid to be in suspended state, thereby help to prevent blocking filter.

Can also come cleaning film by the valve of closing suddenly in the infiltration water pipeline.Reciprocal shock wave shakes the loose solid in the salt retention passages.Also can obtain similar effects by in the infiltration water pipeline, presenting pressed gas.

Can also as PCT application PCT/GB98/0054 (WO98/30501) as described in, center on filter core 114 electrical solenoid be set, be used to improve the performance of filter core.Solenoidal label is 194,196 and 198 among Fig. 8 and 12.When making casing, they are embedded in the wall of casing.

Claims (12)

1. filter, contain: the first order filter of removing solid in the casing of a water inlet that remains filtered water, the water from enter casing in described casing, with one in casing and flow into second level filter from the water of first order filter, and second level filter comprises and is used for carrying out the reverse osmosis membrane that ultrafiltration or micro-filtration and/or removal are dissolved in the solid of water.

2. according to the filter of claim 1, it is characterized in that described casing is longilineal, described first and second grades of filters described casing vertically on adjoin each other.

3. according to the filter of claim 1, it is characterized in that casing is vertical, and a water inlet is arranged, be used for that water to be purified is presented into one and do together the water chamber of going into described casing in the lower end of described casing; A disk that forms the part of described first order filter and constitute the upper end of described chamber has a plurality of holes in described disk; Minor air cell at described disk upper surface, this minor air cell is obconic, a plurality of holes that enter described minor air cell behind the described disk of passing, the orientation in these holes makes the water that flows into described minor air cell from the hole form eddy current in described minor air cell, one is left the delivery port that comes out from the summit of described minor air cell through described dish in described minor air cell downwards, and a plurality of pipelines that have micro-pore wall in described chamber, the inside of described pipeline is communicated with described hole.

4. according to the filter of claim 3, it is characterized in that described hole feeds in the described minor air cell by helical array.

5. according to the filter of claim 3 or 4, it is characterized in that, also be included in a spiral guiding piece in the described minor air cell, be used for promoting the spiral water flow of described minor air cell.

6. according to the filter of claim 3 or 4, it is characterized in that each end of each pipeline all is communicated with a corresponding described hole, each pipeline goes in the water chamber to hang into the U font described.

7. according to claim 1,2,3 or 4 filter, it is characterized in that described first order filter contains a plurality of filters that force together and have the filter cell of filter passage betwixt by one and constitutes.

8. according to claim 1,2,3 or 4 filter, it is characterized in that described first order filter contains a plurality of water through its sieve that flows, these sieves are detained solid matter live.

9. according to the filter of claim 1, it is characterized in that described second level filter contains: the casing of a plurality of anti-seepage membranes in the chamber of the second level, water flows to second level chamber from first order filter; An infiltration water delivery port that comes out from the inside of each casing; Thereby device that is used under pressure, liquid being fed to the temporary transient inflation casing of described casing; The delivery port that comes out from described second level chamber with one, be used to have the water of the solid of separating from infiltration water.

10. according to the filter of claim 1, it is characterized in that, described second level filter contains and is wound on an anti-seepage membrane on the permeate tubes, the latter is arranged in the second level chamber that water flows into from first order filter, force feed clean water in the also oriented described permeate tubes is with the device of the described anti-seepage membrane that recoils.

11. the filter according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described first order filter comprises a plurality of compartments that the sieve material walls is arranged, and described compartment is gone in the water chamber filter; First delivery port that leads to described second level filter from each compartment; Second delivery port of drawing from each compartment has a normally closed valve in described second delivery port; With by described sieve material from the interior side direction of compartment described go into that thereby water chamber's feed-water cleans described sieve material and when described normal closed gate is opened by the device of described compartment to the described second delivery port feed-water.

12. filter, contain: an elongated casing that defines a slender space, a water to be purified enters the water inlet in said space, an infiltration water delivery port that leaves described space, flow out the delivery port in described space with a salt solution, a first order filter that in described space, is used for removing solid from the water that enters described space through described water inlet, a chamber that forms the part in described space, with a second level filter, described second level filter comprises and is used for carrying out the reverse osmosis membrane that ultrafiltration or micro-filtration and/or removal are dissolved in the solid of water, described first order filter, described chamber and reverse osmosis membrane are placed to such an extent that make water cross described first order filter to described chamber along the longitudinal stream of casing, flow to delivery port from described chamber through described second level filter then.

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