CN1295421C - 封闭油井的方法及封闭油井的封隔器 - Google Patents

封闭油井的方法及封闭油井的封隔器 Download PDF

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CN1295421C
CN1295421C CNB018153410A CN01815341A CN1295421C CN 1295421 C CN1295421 C CN 1295421C CN B018153410 A CNB018153410 A CN B018153410A CN 01815341 A CN01815341 A CN 01815341A CN 1295421 C CN1295421 C CN 1295421C
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扬·弗里尔
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
    • E21B33/1208—Packers; Plugs characterised by the construction of the sealing or packing means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/02—Subsoil filtering
    • E21B43/10—Setting of casings, screens, liners or the like in wells
    • E21B43/103—Setting of casings, screens, liners or the like in wells of expandable casings, screens, liners, or the like

Abstract

本发明涉及一种封闭碳氢化合物生产井的井壁(6)与生产油管(4)之间的环形空间(5)的方法及封隔器(2)。环形封隔器(2)设置在生产油管(4)外部，所述封隔器包含一个弹性聚合物的芯部(12)，所述聚合物可通过吸收碳氢化合物而膨胀。该芯部(12)的外部包裹有一层橡胶保护套(10)，碳氢化合物可透过所述保护套，且该保护套还可包括一个加固件(11)。芯部(12)通过吸收碳氢化合物而发生膨胀，致使该封隔器(2)膨胀起来，以封闭住生产油管(4)与井壁(6)之间的环形空间(5)。

Description

封闭油井的方法及封闭油井的封隔器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用以封闭采油生产井的井壁与生产油管之间的环形空间的方法，还涉及该方法采用的外围环形封隔器，它包含一种主要由橡胶材料构成的可扩充元件，还涉及一种用于实施所述方法的扩充环形封隔器。
背景技术
在井眼上铺设防沙筛管来关闭储层是完成油井的一种简单而可靠的方法。一口油井通常会穿过岩层而改变生产特性，尽管事实上防沙筛管在内部形成封闭，但仍会有经过外部的不想要的井液流入储层。因此，需要控制或关闭那些不产生所需井液的储层。这就需要封闭外部的环形区域。
现在可以通过采用可膨胀的井眼封隔器(外封闭封隔器)来实现上述密封，即通过注入由阀禁闭的液体来加压。一旦封隔器被加压，储层就不能再向岩层运动。此外，它对于温度和压力的变化非常敏感，要想完全封闭油井经常要面对非常严重的问题。另一个不利因素是安装封隔器非常昂贵，因为油井操作需要复杂的设备。
在美国专利4137970中公开了一种带有一个元件的封隔器，当所述封隔器被导入井眼中，所述元件一旦在油井中接触到水，就会发生化学膨胀反应而导致该元件膨胀。该封隔器元件被应用于采矿，在那里水是从粘土层上面的含水层中被耗尽的。上述封闭由一个膨胀封隔器元件完成。在膨胀过程中，封隔器元件最初膨胀得很快，随后会变慢。这对于油井来说是不实际的，因为封隔器会在它被置于油井中的最终工作位置之前就膨胀开来。这意味着，如果将其应用于类似本发明之处，该封隔器将会被置于油井中的错误位置上，导致铺设的管柱不可能进入其预计的最终位置。采用在水中膨胀的媒介会导致该元件即使接触到所有常规使用的完井液或钻井液都会膨胀开来。
美国专利4633950中公开了一种能悬浮在特殊的水基承载液体中的聚合体粒子，它通过循环抽吸可被注入漏失的循环区。该专利不涉及封隔器元件，但涉及一种能够滴入多孔/断裂的岩石中的分散剂。该分散剂的特性意味着它不能用于形成固体插入油井的环形空间中。而且，这些微小粒子由于表面积很大，一旦接触到碳氢化合物就会迅速膨胀。即使是系统中剩余油的微小杂质，都会导致不希望的过早膨胀。而且，在油井排液之前，粒子如果不接触到碳氢化合物，那么粒子在此系统中就根本不会膨胀。这可能导致聚合物与产液混杂在一起。
大多数橡胶具有很大的吸收能力，并在芳香族和/或环烷烃中快速膨胀，其速度比在脂肪族烃中要快。大多数橡胶在水基液体中的膨胀度比在油基液体中小得多。
一般在钻井液中采用的原油比生产的碳氢化合物含有更高比例的脂肪族组分(80-100％)，生产的碳氢化合物通常含有35-80％的脂肪族组分。这意味着大多数橡胶在生产的碳氢化合物中比在钻井液膨胀得更大、更快。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，通过形成环形密封来封闭储层，同时，在不改变本发明的功能性的前提下，还可以改变操作参数和地质条件。与暴露在岩层中出产的碳氢化合物中时相比，封隔器在插入油井中处于钻井液或完井液中时膨胀得要小一些。
本发明提供一种封闭油井的方法，即提供一种封闭碳氢化合物生产井的井壁与生产油管之间的环形空间的方法，其中，至少一环形封隔器置于生产油管的外部，该封隔器包括一个芯部，当该芯部暴露在碳氢化合物中时适于膨胀，该封隔器具有置于芯部外部的保护套，当该保护套暴露在碳氢化合物中时，该保护套具有扩散碳氢化合物的性能，并具有比芯部低的扩散速率；将生产油管插入油井；使碳氢化合物进入油井，以致芯部膨胀，从而封闭该油井。
另外，本发明提供一种用于封闭油井的封隔器，即提供一种用于封闭在碳氢化合物生产井的井壁与生产油管之间的环形空间的封隔器，该封隔器包括芯部，其当暴露在碳氢化合物中时适于膨胀；该芯部为环状圆筒置于生产油管的外表面，其中，保护套置于该芯部的外表面，该保护套当暴露在碳氢化合物中时具有扩散碳氢化合物的性能，并且具有比芯部低的扩散速率。
该保护套当暴露在碳氢化合物中时适于膨胀。
在芯部和保护套之间设置加固件。
该加固件包含纤维。
该保护套至少包括下列的其中一种：丙烯腈、腈、氢化腈、氯丁二烯、乙烯基乙酸乙烯酯、硅树脂、乙烯丙烯二烯单体、丁基、聚氯磺酸乙烯、聚亚安酯、ACM、BIMS。
该芯部至少包括下列的其中一种：EPDM、苯乙烯丁二烯橡胶、天然橡胶、乙烯丙烯单体橡胶、乙烯基乙酸乙烯酯橡胶、氢化丙烯腈丁二烯橡胶、丙烯腈丁二烯橡胶、橡胶基质橡胶、氯丁二烯橡胶和多降冰片。
该芯部具有其它熔解或机械混合的材料，即包括经过处理的纤维素纤维或与聚合物机械混合的橡胶，其中所述聚合物与石油接触后会发生膨胀，该聚合物至少是聚氯乙烯、甲基异丁烯酸酯、丙烯腈或乙醛醋酸酯的其中一种。
附图说明
图1是沿本发明所述的生产井的一个区域所作的纵向截面图；
图2是本发明所述的带有环形封隔器的生产油管的纵向截面图；
图3是沿图2中线III-III所作的截面图。
具体实施方式
下面进一步描述本发明。永久性环形封隔器2用于碳氢化合物生产井，最好是石油生产井，被放置在生产油管4的外部，所述封隔器的芯部12暴露在碳氢化合物中并吸收碳氢化合物后立刻膨胀，使得所述封隔器胀大。从而该封隔器封闭住朝向井壁6的环形空间5。生产井可以是一个裸眼井，或是带套管的井，它们的区别是将生产油管4放入裸眼中或是将生产油管4放入套管(图中未示出)中。环形空间5分别由生产油管4的外表面及井眼，或生产油管4的外表面及套管的内表面构成。
油流1流经封隔器2，接着封隔器2膨胀并封闭井壁6。防沙滤器3连接在生产油管4上。封隔器2’膨胀并封闭井壁6，以使井液7不能通过环形空间5中的封隔器元件。
带有加固件11的外部保护套10围绕包含弹性聚合物的芯部12，所述包覆层起到浸透膜的作用。外部保护套10中包含的橡胶与芯部12中的橡胶相比对碳氢化合物具有更高的抵抗性和更低的扩散速率。由保护套10、加固件11与芯部12组成的该封隔器元件可放置在生产油管4的外部。
封隔器2包含芯部12，该芯部12含有弹性聚合物，如EPDM橡胶(EPDMrubber)，苯乙烯丁二烯(styrene butadiene)，天然橡胶(nature rubber)，乙烯丙烯单体橡胶(ethylene propylene monomer rubber)，乙烯丙烯二烯(烃)单体橡胶(ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber)，乙烯乙烯基醋酸盐橡胶(ethylene vinyl acetate rubber)，氢化丙烯腈-丁二烯橡胶(hydrogenisedacrylonitrile-butadiene rubber)，丙烯腈丁二烯橡胶(acrylonitrile butadienerubber)，橡胶基质橡胶(isoprene rubber)，氯丁二烯橡胶(chloroprene rubber)或多降冰片(polynorbornene)，所述芯部接触并吸收碳氢化合物而膨胀，使得封隔器胀大。芯部的橡胶中可含有其它可溶解或机械混合的材料，如按照美国专利US4240800所述的经过处理的纤维素纤维。其它选择可以是与聚氯乙烯(polyvinyl chloride)、甲基异丁烯酸酯(methyl methacrylate)、丙烯腈(acrylonitrile)、乙醛酸酯(ethylacetate)或其它接触石油后会膨胀的聚合物机械混合的橡胶。
经过加固的外部保护套10保护芯部，避免芯部直接暴露在钻井液和碳氢化合物中。同时保护套10允许碳氢化合物渗入芯部12并膨胀起来(从而封隔器膨胀)。该经过强化的外部保护套10含有橡胶，如丙烯腈(acrylonitrile)、氢化腈(hydrogenated nitrile)、氯丁二烯(chloroprene)、乙烯基乙酸乙烯酯橡胶(ethylene vinylacetate rubber)、硅树脂(silicons)、乙烯丙烯二烯单体(ethylene propylene diene monomer)、丁基(butyl)、氯酯聚乙烯(chlorosulphonated polyethylene)、聚亚安酯(polyurethane)、ACM、BIMS或其它类的比芯部及加固件11的膨胀度小或扩散慢的橡胶，上述加固件11最好是纤维加固件，例如纤维B，所述的加固件能增强外部保护套10的强度。保护套10中的橡胶的重要特征之一就是它在钻井液中会膨胀，且这种膨胀比芯部12膨胀得慢。带有“对碳氢化合物的抵抗性更强”在这里是指该橡胶暴露在碳氢化合物中，只发生很小程度的膨胀。
一些弹性聚合体大量吸收碳氢化合物而不吸收水，本发明中的聚合物吸收碳氢化合物的能力非常突出。浸入碳氢化合物的介质后，碳氢化合物会渗入并穿过该外部保护套10，进而进入芯部12，芯部吸收碳氢化合物后膨胀起来。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有一些优点。封隔器可连续调整，以便在岩层运动或冲刷井眼的过程中变化，这意味着能更好地封闭/密封储层之间的空间，不需要的井液无法透过环形空间中的该封隔器。安装该封隔器时不必对油井进行操作，这样与现有的安装方法相比可节约成本。该封隔器中没有活动部件，因此简单、可靠。在相同温度下，该封隔器在出产的碳氢化合物中比在水基或油基钻井液，或者完井液中膨胀得更快、更大，当该封隔器浸入钻井液中时，它膨胀得较小。
本发明的另一个实施例中，芯部12被一个外部橡胶保护套包裹住，上述橡胶可以是，例如没经过强化的腈化物。
本发明的另一个实施例中，芯部12被一个外部网状物包裹住，该网状物可以是加固件。
本发明的另一个实施例中，芯部12被一个外部橡胶保护套包裹住，上述橡胶可以是，例如腈化物，所述保护套本身不会被碳氢化合物渗透，但芯部12的一小部分11通过外层上的开口直接暴露在碳氢化合物中。
本发明的另一个实施例中，芯部12没有被外部保护套包裹，而是直接暴露在碳氢化合物中。该芯部12的一种成分中包含弹性聚合物，该弹性聚合物的特性足以实现封隔器所需的功能。

Claims (14)

1、一种封闭碳氢化合物生产井的井壁(6)与生产油管(4)之间的环形空间(5)的方法，其特征在于：
至少一环形封隔器(2)置于生产油管(4)的外部，该封隔器(2)包括一个芯部(12)，当该芯部暴露在碳氢化合物中时适于膨胀，该封隔器(2)具有置于芯部(12)外部的保护套(10)，当该保护套(10)暴露在碳氢化合物中时，该保护套具有扩散碳氢化合物的性能，并具有比芯部(12)低的扩散速率；
将生产油管(4)插入油井；
使碳氢化合物进入油井，以致芯部(12)膨胀，从而封闭该油井。
2、如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，该保护套(10)当暴露在碳氢化合物中时适于膨胀。
3、如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在芯部(12)和保护套(10)之间设置加固件(11)。
4、如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，该加固件(11)包含纤维。
5、如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，该保护套(10)至少包括下列的其中一种：丙烯腈、腈、氢化腈、氯丁二烯、乙烯基乙酸乙烯酯、硅树脂、乙烯丙烯二烯单体、丁基、聚氯磺酸乙烯、聚亚安酯、ACM、BIMS。
6、如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，该芯部(12)至少包括下列的其中一种：EPDM、苯乙烯丁二烯橡胶、天然橡胶、乙烯丙烯单体橡胶、乙烯基乙酸乙烯酯橡胶、氢化丙烯腈丁二烯橡胶、丙烯腈丁二烯橡胶、橡胶基质橡胶、氯丁二烯橡胶和多降冰片。
7、如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，该芯部(12)具有其它熔解或机械混合的材料，即包括经过处理的纤维素纤维或与聚合物机械混合的橡胶，其中所述聚合物与石油接触后，会发生膨胀，该聚合物至少是聚氯乙烯、甲基异丁烯酸酯、丙烯腈或乙醛醋酸酯的其中一种。
8、一种用于封闭在碳氢化合物生产井的井壁(6)与生产油管(4)之间的环形空间(5)的封隔器(2)，该封隔器包括芯部(12)，其当暴露在碳氢化合物中时适于膨胀；该芯部(12)为环状圆筒置于生产油管(4)的外表面，其特征在于，保护套(10)置于该芯部(12)的外表面，该保护套(10)当暴露在碳氢化合物中时具有扩散碳氢化合物的性能，并且具有比芯部(12)低的扩散速率。
9、如权利要求8所述的封隔器(2)，其特征在于，该保护套(10)当暴露在碳氢化合物中时适于膨胀。
10、如权利要求8所述的封隔器(2)，其特征在于，还包括加固件(11)，其置于芯部(12)与保护套(10)之间。
11、如权利要求10所述的封隔器(2)，其特征在于，该加固件(11)包含纤维。
12、如权利要求8所述的封隔器(2)，其特征在于，该保护套(10)至少包括下列的其中一种：丙烯腈、腈、氢化腈、氯丁二烯、乙烯基乙酸乙烯酯、硅树脂、乙烯丙烯二烯单体、丁基、聚氯磺酸乙烯、聚亚安酯、ACM、BIMS。
13、如权利要求8所述的封隔器(2)，其特征在于，该芯部(12)至少包括下列的其中一种：EPDM、苯乙烯丁二烯橡胶、天然橡胶、乙烯丙烯单体橡胶、乙烯基乙酸乙烯酯橡胶、氢化丙烯腈丁二烯橡胶、丙烯腈丁二烯橡胶、橡胶基质橡胶、氯丁二烯橡胶和多降冰片。
14、如权利要求13所述的封隔器(2)，其特征在于，该芯部(12)具有其它熔解或机械混合的材料，即包括经过处理的纤维素纤维或与聚合物机械混合的橡胶，其中所述聚合物与石油接触后，会发生膨胀，该聚合物至少是聚氯乙烯、甲基异丁烯酸酯、丙烯腈或乙醛醋酸酯的其中一种。
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