CN1292243C - Multifunctional membrane structure tester - Google Patents
Multifunctional membrane structure tester Download PDFInfo
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- CN1292243C CN1292243C CN 200410067581 CN200410067581A CN1292243C CN 1292243 C CN1292243 C CN 1292243C CN 200410067581 CN200410067581 CN 200410067581 CN 200410067581 A CN200410067581 A CN 200410067581A CN 1292243 C CN1292243 C CN 1292243C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a multifunctional test instrument for a membrane structure. Two quadrangular tensioning connecting rod mechanisms, a loading rod and a tensioning screw rod are connected through a three-way connecting piece to form a loading system. The quadrangular tensioning connecting rod mechanism with a connecting rod of which the length is fixed is fixedly connected with the loading rod, and connecting points can only rotate in a vertical surface. The quadrangular tensioning connecting rod mechanism with a connecting rod of which the length is adjustable is glidingly connected with the loading rod, and connecting points can rotate in a vertical surface. The connecting rods can integrally rotate around the loading rod so that the two quadrangular tensioning connecting rod mechanisms can be normally crossed, and simultaneously, can be arbitrarily and crosswise crossed. After the loading rod is loaded, the loading rod drives the connecting rod with a fixed length and the connecting rod with a movable length to move, diagonal lines of the two quadrangular tensioning connecting rod mechanisms extend, and thereby, a clamping tool is driven to drag a test piece. A basic mechanical test of membrane material and a unit performance test of a membrane node and a basic membrane structure are realized. When the heights of four tensioning connecting points are inconsistent, a saddle-shaped paraboloid can be tensioned, and a supporting mast is regulated to realize a tensioning test of the curved surface of a conical membrane.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of multifunctional membrane structure tester, is a kind of innovation of the test apparatus at the special building structure, can directly apply to the test of material basic mechanical, node test and the structural unit model test etc. of jacking membrane structure.Belong to scientific experimentation instrument, structural engineering experimental technique field.
Background technology
Membrane structure is a kind of novel building structural system that grows up the forties in last century, mainly adopts PVC/PES (dacron base cloth fluoride resin coating) or PTFE/GF flexible fabric membrane materials such as (glass fibre base cloth polytetrafluorethylecoatings coatings) covering and the structure stress system as buildings.Domesticly since 1996 this engineering occurs and use, and development is very rapid, comprises fields such as stadium, exhibitions, public activity center, means of transportation.Building film material commonly used is a kind of flexible fabric material, has anisotropy, non-linear, and has bigger discreteness, therefore, tests very necessary to the characteristic of the film material of the film material, especially some heavy constructions that are applied to each engineering.Membrane structure has abundant architectural image, but its basic structural unit is hyperbolic paraboloid and the conical camber with negative gauss curvature, and other membrane structure unit of constructing thus.These membrane structure engineering units are carried out model test and parameter study can directly provide technical basis for engineering design.
" Material experimental study of building film material " (space structure, 2001,8 (1): 37-43.) utilize unidirectional load test, tested some fundamental characteristics parameters of film material of work such as Wei Dong, Wang Chen.
" the biaxial stretch-formed test of membrane structure nonlinear analysis and material " (University Of Tianjin's doctorate paper, 2000.) of Liu Wenbin work adopt cylindric inflation model equipment to carry out film material bidirectional experimental.
These basic mechanical to the film material are tested mainly based on unidirectional loading, perhaps reequip on unidirectional charger, do not research and develop a special test unit, and can not carry out film node and the test of underlying membrane structural unit.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of special multifunctional membrane structure tester is provided, have adjustable link mechanism, applied range flexibly, not only can be used for the test of film material basic mechanical performance, and can be used for film node, underlying membrane structural unit performance test.
For realizing such purpose, multifunctional membrane structure tester of the present invention mainly comprises two quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanisms, load bar, loading spiral, tensioning screw rod, anchor clamps, sensor, adjusting supporting mast and bearing reaction rigid frame.Two quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanisms are core carriers of multifunction test instrument, they with load bar, tensioning screw rod between be connected contact by three-dimensional and be connected to form the loading system.Wherein, the link rod length of a quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism immobilizes, and they are also fixedlyed connected with load bar, and contact can only rotate in a vertical vertical plane; The link rod adjustable in length of another quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism, they and load bar are slidingly connected, and contact can rotate in vertical vertical plane, and this link rod can whole rotate around load bar, but make two quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism quadratures, simultaneously also oblique arbitrarily.
Two stretch-draw connect contact and are connected four isometric fixed length link rods symmetrically with two fixedly connected contacts of three-dimensional, become a fixedly length of side quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism.Two fixedly connected contacts of three-dimensional are connected and fixed two the fixed length link rods and the load bar of length of side quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism symmetrically, and the three-dimensional fixed connection point can fixedly rotate in the length of side quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism face.
The stretch-draw of two unanimities connects contact and two three-dimensionals and is slidingly connected that contact is connected four form unanimities, appearance etc. symmetrically, the shortlyest equates, the elongated link rod of adjustable in length, constitutes an adjustable length of side quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism.Two three-dimensionals contact that is slidingly connected connects two the elongated link rods and the load bar of adjustable length of side quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism symmetrically.The three-dimensional contact that is slidingly connected can rotate in adjustable length of side quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism face, slides along load bar simultaneously, and rotates around load bar.Regulate the three-dimensional contact that is slidingly connected and to change the elevation that two stretch-draw are connected contact with elongated link rod, the elevation that makes its two stretch-draw that are connected with fixing length of side quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism connect contacts is inconsistent, as fulcrum, can construct the hyperbolic paraboloid or the conical camber of different ratios of rise to span with these four contacts that do not wait elevation.
Tensioning screw rod (can one, two or three) passes a stretch-draw and connects contact, and connects sensor and anchor clamps, by anchor clamps clamping film test specimen.Anchor clamps can be the linear of suitable diaphragm, or suitable membrane structure elementary cell model or node is fan-shaped.Four groups of tensioning screw rods are common to form four the stretch-draw fulcrums or the four edges edge rope of a test specimen or model of element.
Regulate the supporting mast, connect, can fixedly rotate in the vertical plane of length of side quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism place in the fixedly connected contact of three-dimensional, the supporting conical hyperboloid vertex of a cone, vertical support forms just puts conical camber, and the supporting of tilting forms eccentric conical camber.
Load bar connects the loading spiral, passes and be supported on the crossbeam of bearing reaction rigid frame.
Two columns, two crossbeams, four corner diagonal braces connect and compose a rectangular rigid frame, and two rigid frame quadratures connect and compose the bearing reaction rigid frame.The rigid frame facade and fixedly be between the length of side quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism vertical elevation 45 the degree, be convenient to the operation.
By universal testing machine or manually, give and load the screw rod loading, load screw rod and drive fixedly length of side quadrilateral link mechanism and adjustable elongated quadrilateral link mechanism motion, making fixedly, the diagonal line of length of side quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism and adjustable length of side quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism stretches, and then the tensioning screw rod that is connected with the stretch-draw node of drive, tensioning screw rod traction anchor clamps, and stretch-draw test specimen are realized the test of film material basic mechanical performance, the test of film node.When four stretch-draw connection contact elevations are inconsistent, but stretch-draw becomes the saddle-shape parabola of various ratios of rise to span, and finishes pulling test.Simultaneously, regulate the supporting mast, can realize just putting or the cone-shaped membrane curved surface pulling test of tilting.
The present invention adopts manual spiral to load, and is convenient to generally manufacture enterprise and uses, and can load on universal testing machine simultaneously, is convenient to R﹠D institution and uses.Test instrument of the present invention can carry out the fundamental test of various membrane materials, comprises the one directional tensile test of banded test specimen, the biaxial tensile test of the different stress ratios of cruciform specimen and the bidirectional experimental of oblique; Can finish the basic contact test of membrane structure, as film welded side seam tensile strength test, fan-shaped contact diaphragm tensile strength test, the test of pressing plate joint strength etc.; Can carry out underlying membrane structural unit model test, comprise the hyperbolic paraboloid of different ratios of rise to span, just put conical camber, eccentric conical camber, and the test of conical camber rise running parameter etc.The present invention can be used for institute and carries out scientific research, more can be advantageously used in manufacturing enterprises such as membrane structure producer.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional perspective of multifunctional membrane structure tester structure of the present invention.
Among Fig. 1,1 is column, and 2 is load bar, and 3 for loading spiral, and 4 are the three-dimensional contact that is slidingly connected, 5 is elongated link rod, and 6 is the fixedly connected contact of three-dimensional, and 8 for stretch-draw connects contact, and 9 is tensioning screw rod, 10 is anchor clamps, and 11 is the fixed length link rod, and 12 is the corner diagonal brace, and 13 is crossbeam.
Fig. 2 is the fixedly length of side quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism elevation drawing among the present invention.
Among Fig. 2,1 is column, and 2 is load bar, and 3 for loading spiral, and 6 is the fixedly connected contact of three-dimensional, and 8 for stretch-draw connects contact, and 9 is tensioning screw rod, and 10 is anchor clamps, and 11 is the fixed length link rod, and 12 is the corner diagonal brace, and 13 is crossbeam.
Fig. 3 is the adjustable length of side quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism elevation drawing among the present invention.
Among Fig. 3,1 is column, and 2 is load bar, and 3 for loading spiral, and 4 are the three-dimensional contact that is slidingly connected, 5 is elongated link rod, and 6 is the fixedly connected contact of three-dimensional, and 7 for regulating the supporting mast, and 8 are stretch-draw connection contact, 9 is tensioning screw rod, and 10 is anchor clamps, and 12 is the corner diagonal brace, and 13 is crossbeam.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing technical scheme of the present invention is further described.
Fig. 1 has provided the integrally-built three-dimensional perspective of multifunctional membrane structure tester of the present invention.As shown in Figure 1, multifunctional membrane structure tester of the present invention mainly comprises column 1, load bar 2, loads spiral 3, tensioning screw rod 9 and two quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanisms.Quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism is the core carrier of multifunction test instrument, they with load bar 2, tensioning screw rod 9 between be connected contact by three-dimensional and be connected to form the loading system.
Among Fig. 1, two columns 1, two crossbeams 13, four corner diagonal braces 12 connect into a rectangular rigid frame, and two rigid frame quadratures constitute the bearing reaction rigid frames.The rigid frame facade and fixedly be between the length of side quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism facade 45 the degree.
Two stretch-draw connect contact 8 and are connected four isometric fixed length link rods 11 symmetrically with two fixedly connected contacts 6 of three-dimensional, become a fixedly length of side quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism.Two fixedly connected contacts 6 of three-dimensional are connected and fixed two fixed length link rods 11 and load bar 2 of length of side quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism symmetrically, and the fixedly connected contact 6 of three-dimensional can fixedly rotate in the length of side quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism face.
The stretch-draw of two unanimities connects contact 8 and two three-dimensionals and is slidingly connected that contact 4 is connected four form unanimities, appearance etc. symmetrically, the shortlyest equates, the elongated link rod 5 of adjustable in length, constitutes an adjustable length of side quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism.Two three-dimensionals contact 4 that is slidingly connected connects two elongated link rods 5 and load bar 2 of adjustable length of side quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism symmetrically.The three-dimensional contact 4 that is slidingly connected can rotate in adjustable length of side quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism face, slides along load bar 2 simultaneously, and rotates around load bar 2.
Tensioning screw rod 9 passes a stretch-draw and connects contact 8 connection sensor and anchor clamps 10, anchor clamps 10 clamping test pieces.Load bar 2 connects loading spiral 3, passes and be supported on the crossbeam 13 of bearing reaction rigid frame.
Fig. 2 is length of side quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism elevation drawing fixedly.As shown in Figure 2, two stretch-draw that are in A1, A2 position respectively connect contact 8 and are connected four isometric fixed length link rods 11 (O2-A1, O2-A2, O3-A1, O3-A2) symmetrically with the fixedly connected contact 6 of two three-dimensionals that is in O2, O3 position respectively, become a fixedly length of side quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism.Two fixed length link rods 11 that two fixedly connected contacts 6 of three-dimensional are connected and fixed length of side quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism symmetrically fixedly can rotate in the length of side quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism face with 2, two three-dimensional fixed connection points 6 of load bar.Under any state, four fixed length link rod 11 equal in length, i.e. O2-A1=O2-A2=O3-A1=O3-A2, it is highly consistent that two stretch-draw connect contact 8 residing position A1, A2.
Two tensioning screw rods 9 pass two stretch-draw respectively and connect contact 8 (A1, A2 position) connection sensor and anchor clamps 10, and anchor clamps 10 are for the linear of suitable diaphragm material performance test, in order to clamping test pieces.One end of two load bars 2 is connected with two fixedly connected contacts 6 of three-dimensional respectively, and the other end of load bar 2 connects one respectively and loads spiral 3, and passes and load spiral 3 and be fixed on the crossbeam 13 of bearing reaction frame, as O1, O4 position among the figure.
Fig. 3 is adjustable length of side quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism elevation drawing among the present invention.Among Fig. 3, the elongated link rod 5 of central shaft left side expression is in short status, this moment and fixing fixed length link rod 11 equal in length of length of side quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism.The central shaft right side represents that elongated link rod 5 is in long status.Elongated link rod 5 length are telescopic variation betwixt.
The stretch-draw of two unanimities connects contact 8 (B1, B2) and two three-dimensionals symmetric elongated link rod 5 (O5-B1, O5-B2, O6-B1, O6-B2) that is connected four form unanimities, appearance etc., the shortest equal, adjustable in length of contact 4 (O5, O6) that is slidingly connected, and constitutes an adjustable length of side quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism.Two three-dimensionals that are in O5, O6 position contact 4 that is slidingly connected connects two elongated link rods 5 and load bar 2 of adjustable length of side quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism symmetrically.The three-dimensional contact 4 that is slidingly connected can rotate in adjustable length of side quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism vertical elevation face, slides along load bar 2 simultaneously, and rotates around load bar 2.Regulate three-dimensional be slidingly connected contact 4 and elongated link rod 5, the elongated link rod 5 that can obtain different length is (as the length O5-B1=O5-B2 ≠ O6-B1=O6-B2 of elongated link rod 5 among Fig. 3, and O5-B1 ≠ O2-A1, O6-B2 ≠ O2-A1), make the position B1 of two stretch-draw connection contacts 8 different with the B2 relative altitude, and, thereby but the hyperbolic paraboloid of stretch-draw different rises, span and ratio of rise to span highly inconsistent with position A1, A2 that two stretch-draw among Fig. 2 is connected contact 8.
The fixedly connected contact of a three-dimensional of bottom 6 connects regulates supporting masts 7 and load bars 2, regulates supporting mast 7 and can rotate in the long quadrilateral stretch-draw of deckle link mechanism vertical elevation, supports the vertex of a cone of eccentric conical camber or is just putting the vertex of a cone of conical camber.
Two tensioning screw rods 9 pass two stretch-draw respectively and connect contact 8 (B1, B2 position) connection sensor and anchor clamps 10, and anchor clamps 10 can adopt the fan-shaped anchor clamps of suitable model test.Two load bars 2 connect one respectively and load spiral 3, and pass and load spiral 3 and be fixed on the crossbeam 13 of bearing reaction rigid frame, as O1, O4 position among the figure.
During work, by universal testing machine or manual, give and load screw rod 2 loadings, load screw rod 2 and drive fixed length link rods 11 and 5 motions of elongated link rod, make fixedly that the diagonal line of length of side quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism and adjustable length of side quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism stretches, and then drive stretch-draw connection contact 8, connect tensioning screw rod 9, tensioning screw rod 9 traction anchor clamps 10, anchor clamps 10 clamping test pieces realize film material basic performance tests, film node, underlying membrane structural unit performance test.When four stretch-draw connection contact 8 elevations are inconsistent, but stretch-draw becomes the saddle-shape parabola of various ratios of rise to span, and finishes pulling test.Simultaneously, regulate supporting mast 7, can realize just putting or the cone-shaped membrane curved surface pulling test of tilting.
Scantling of the present invention, material selection, technological design and transducer calibration can be determined at concrete application, comprise fixed length link rod length (L0), elongated link rod (maximum: L1, minimum: L2), load bar length (L3), regulate the supporting mast (maximum: L5, minimum: L6), quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism elemental height (H0), bearing reaction rigid frame height (H1), the cross-sectional sizes of various rod members, auxiliary connection size and contact web joint.Bearing reaction rigid frame, quadrilateral link mechanism link rod, contact can adopt the high duty alloy steel, and tensioning screw rod can adopt high-strength bolt, and anchor clamps can adopt aluminium alloy.Auxiliary connection tolerance and assembly technology require to design according to exact instrument.According to diaphragm material test and model test difference calibration sensor.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of multifunctional membrane structure tester, it is characterized in that, by two columns (1), two crossbeams (13), four corner diagonal braces (12) connect into a rectangular rigid frame, constitute the bearing reaction rigid frame by two rigid frame quadratures, two stretch-draw connects contacts (8) and is connected four isometric fixed length link rods (11) symmetrically with two fixedly connected contacts of three-dimensional (6) up and down, become a fixedly length of side quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism, two fixedly connected contacts of three-dimensional (6) connect two fixed length link rods (11) and two load bars (2) symmetrically respectively separately up and down, the fixedly connected contact of three-dimensional (6) of bottom connects regulates supporting mast (7), and fixedly connected contact of the three-dimensional of bottom (6) and adjusting supporting mast (7) can rotate in the long quadrilateral stretch-draw of deckle link mechanism vertical elevation; Two stretch-draw connects contacts (8) and two three-dimensionals up and down contact (4) that is slidingly connected and is connected four elongated link rods (5) symmetrically, constitute an adjustable length of side quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism, two three-dimensionals contact (4) that is slidingly connected connects two elongated link rods (5) and two load bars (2) symmetrically respectively separately up and down, two three-dimensionals contact (4) that is slidingly connected can rotate in adjustable length of side quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism face, can slide and rotate around load bar (2) along load bar (2) simultaneously; Two tensioning screw rods (9) pass two stretch-draw respectively and connect contacts (8) and connect sensor and anchor clamps (10), and two load bars (2) connect one respectively separately and load spiral (3), and pass and load spiral (3) and be fixed on the crossbeam (13) of bearing reaction frame.
2, according to the multifunctional membrane structure tester of claim 1, it is characterized in that the form unanimity of described four elongated link rods (5), for appearance etc., the shortlyest equate, adjustable in length.
3,, it is characterized in that described anchor clamps (10) are for being fit to the linear of diaphragm material performance test according to the multifunctional membrane structure tester of claim 1.
4,, it is characterized in that described anchor clamps (10) adopt the fan-shaped anchor clamps that are fit to the model of element test according to the multifunctional membrane structure tester of claim 1.
5,, it is characterized in that the described rectangular rigid frame facade that connects into by column (1), crossbeam (13), corner diagonal brace (12) and fixedly be 45 degree between the length of side quadrilateral stretch-draw link mechanism facade according to the multifunctional membrane structure tester of claim 1.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200410067581 CN1292243C (en) | 2004-10-28 | 2004-10-28 | Multifunctional membrane structure tester |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200410067581 CN1292243C (en) | 2004-10-28 | 2004-10-28 | Multifunctional membrane structure tester |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1603781A CN1603781A (en) | 2005-04-06 |
| CN1292243C true CN1292243C (en) | 2006-12-27 |
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| CN 200410067581 Expired - Fee Related CN1292243C (en) | 2004-10-28 | 2004-10-28 | Multifunctional membrane structure tester |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104900129B (en) * | 2015-05-04 | 2017-09-26 | 同济大学 | A kind of jacking membrane structure teaching mode |
| CN108181035B (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2023-12-08 | 成都理工大学 | Saddle-shaped film structure test device |
| CN110735481B (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2020-11-10 | 浙江波鹰机械制造有限公司 | Small-span membrane structure integral clamping tensioning device based on gear transmission |
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Granted publication date: 20061227 Termination date: 20131028 |