CN108181035B - Saddle-shaped film structure test device - Google Patents
Saddle-shaped film structure test device Download PDFInfo
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- CN108181035B CN108181035B CN201810163170.XA CN201810163170A CN108181035B CN 108181035 B CN108181035 B CN 108181035B CN 201810163170 A CN201810163170 A CN 201810163170A CN 108181035 B CN108181035 B CN 108181035B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/04—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring tension in flexible members, e.g. ropes, cables, wires, threads, belts or bands
- G01L5/045—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring tension in flexible members, e.g. ropes, cables, wires, threads, belts or bands for measuring the tension across the width of a band-shaped flexible member
Abstract
The invention relates to building film structure detection, aims to solve the problem that the conventional cable film structure test device cannot conveniently adjust the sagittal ratio of a saddle film structure and measure the stress condition of the saddle film structure under different sagittal ratios, and provides a saddle film structure test device which comprises a support structure and a saddle film structure. The support structure comprises two upright posts and two connecting parts; two opposite membrane high points of the saddle-shaped membrane structure are respectively connected with corresponding connecting parts through first connecting pieces; the two opposite membrane low points of the saddle membrane structure are respectively and adjustably connected to the two upright posts through second connecting pieces, and the connecting points of the second connecting pieces on the upright posts can be axially adjusted along the upright posts so as to adjust the sagittal height of the saddle membrane structure; the first connecting piece and/or the second connecting piece are/is connected with a tension detector in series. The invention has the beneficial effects that the sagittal ratio of the saddle-shaped film structure can be conveniently adjusted, and the stress condition of the saddle-shaped film structure under different sagittal ratios can be measured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to building membrane structure detection, in particular to a saddle membrane structure test device.
Background
The building film structure has the advantages of attractive and free appearance, good light transmission performance, environmental protection, energy conservation, good flame retardance, good self-cleaning performance and the like, and is popular among people. The building membrane structure is widely applied to public buildings and leisure landscape buildings such as roof systems of large-scale stadiums, parking lots, entrance galleries, sightseeing plant gardens, casinos, shopping malls, exhibition venues and the like.
The building film structure can provide omnibearing natural lighting by means of only a very small number of rigid supporting members and meets the demands of people on ultra-large span space and diversity. At present, the membrane structure can be divided into four types of framework support membrane structures, tension membrane structures, cable support membrane structures and air support membrane structures according to structural classification, wherein the tension membrane structures are widely applied. The stiffness of the tensioned membrane structure is achieved by applying a pretension to the membrane material, i.e. the membrane surface is tensioned under given geometrical and boundary conditions to obtain a resistance against external loads. The greater the pretension of the membrane material, the greater the overall stiffness of the membrane structure and the correspondingly greater the ability of the membrane structure to withstand external loads. In order to control the membrane rigidity in engineering and ensure engineering quality, it is important to accurately and rapidly measure the pretension of the membrane surface.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a saddle-shaped film structure test device, which solves the problems that the saddle-shaped film structure test device in the prior art cannot conveniently adjust the sagittal ratio of a saddle-shaped film structure and measure the stress condition of the saddle-shaped film structure under different sagittal ratios.
Embodiments of the present invention are implemented as follows:
the embodiment of the invention provides a saddle film structure test device, which comprises:
a support structure; the support structure comprises two stand columns which are spaced from each other and two connecting parts which are respectively positioned at two sides of a surface defined by the two stand columns;
a saddle membrane structure; two opposite membrane high points of the saddle-shaped membrane structure are respectively connected with corresponding connecting parts through first connecting pieces; the two opposite membrane low points of the saddle membrane structure are respectively and adjustably connected to the two upright posts through second connecting pieces, and the connecting points of the second connecting pieces on the upright posts can be axially adjusted along the upright posts so as to adjust the sagittal height of the saddle membrane structure;
the first connecting piece and/or the second connecting piece are/is connected with a tension detector in series.
In the saddle film structure test device in this embodiment, the film material of the saddle film structure is connected to the supporting structure through two first connecting pieces correspondingly and the stretching of the saddle film structure is realized through connecting two film low points correspondingly to the supporting structure through two second connecting pieces, the positions of the two film low points can be adjusted by adjusting the connection positions of the second connecting pieces on the stand columns, and the positions are adjusted, namely the sagittal height H of the saddle film structure is adjusted, so that the sagittal ratio H/L of the saddle film structure is adjusted, L is the span of the saddle film structure, and the positions are embodied as the distance between the two stand columns. In addition, the tension detector which is serially arranged on the first connecting piece and/or the second connecting piece in the embodiment can detect the stress conditions of the saddle-shaped film structures under different sagittal ratios.
In one embodiment of the invention:
the upright posts are upright posts with circular cross sections;
the second connecting piece comprises a double-bolt flat steel pipe clamp and a connecting rope;
the double-bolt flat steel pipe clamp is adjustably clamped on the periphery of the upright post and can axially adjust the connection position of the double-bolt flat steel pipe clamp on the upright post; one end of the connecting rope is rotatably connected with one bolt of the double-bolt flat steel pipe clamp, and the other end of the connecting rope is connected with the membrane low point of the saddle-shaped membrane structure.
In one embodiment of the invention:
the connecting rope is connected with a tension detector and a rigging turnbuckle capable of adjusting the length between two connecting ends.
In one embodiment of the invention:
the first connecting piece comprises an ear plate and a connecting rope;
the ear plate is fixedly connected to the connecting part;
one end of the connecting rope is rotatably connected with the ear plate, and the other end of the connecting rope is connected with the high point of the saddle-shaped membrane structure.
In one embodiment of the invention:
the membrane corner points of the saddle membrane structure are constructed as follows: comprises a connecting plate and two side ropes; the two side ropes are respectively hinged to the connecting plates, and the connecting plates are further provided with connecting points for connecting the first connecting piece and/or the second connecting piece; the corresponding edges of the film materials of the saddle-shaped film structure are respectively connected with the corresponding side ropes through the side rope film sleeves;
membrane corner points refer to membrane high points or membrane low points of the saddle membrane structure.
In one embodiment of the invention:
the membrane corner point is also provided with a membrane edge clamp;
the membrane edge clamp is of an arc-shaped structure; the membrane side clamp is connected between the two side ropes and clamps the corner of the membrane material.
In one embodiment of the invention:
the film edge clamp comprises two film edge clamping plates and a compression bolt for compressing the two film edge clamping plates;
the corner of the membrane material is folded and clamped between the two membrane edge clamping plates, and the folded part is exposed out of one side of the membrane edge clamping device, which is close to the connecting plate, and a perforation is formed;
and one side pressing rope penetrates through the perforation and two ends of the side pressing rope are respectively connected with the two side ropes.
In one embodiment of the invention:
the membrane corner point is also provided with a connecting rod;
one end of the connecting rod is connected with the connecting plate, and the other end of the connecting rod is connected with the membrane edge clamp;
the connecting point of the connecting rod on the connecting plate is positioned between the connecting points of the two side ropes on the connecting plate.
In one embodiment of the invention:
the corresponding surfaces of the two film side clamping plates are respectively provided with a gasket, and the film material is clamped between the two gaskets.
In one embodiment of the invention:
the support structure comprises an upper frame and four support feet which are distributed in a matrix and support the upper frame;
the upper frame comprises a first rectangular frame and a second rectangular frame which are vertically intersected into a cross shape; a group of short sides of the first rectangular frame are used as two connecting parts for connecting high points of the film;
the two upright posts are correspondingly connected between the two short sides of the second rectangular frame and the supporting feet.
By combining the description, the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects of conveniently adjusting the sagittal ratio of the saddle film structure and measuring the stress condition of the saddle film structure under different sagittal ratios.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a saddle film structure test device in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view along direction A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a view in the B direction of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a view in the direction C of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a support structure in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure of a second connection member and a post, saddle membrane structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is another view from the perspective of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a first attachment member and attachment portion and a saddle membrane configuration of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is another view of the portion of the structure of FIG. 9;
fig. 11 is a schematic view of the structure at the corner points of the film;
fig. 12 shows a view of the fit between the edge clamp and the membrane material at the corner of the membrane (shown in elevation).
Icon: 100-saddle membrane structure test device; 10-a support structure; 11-stand columns; 12-connecting part; 13-an upper frame; 13 a-a first rectangular box; 13 b-a second rectangular frame; 14-supporting feet; 15-a reinforcing rod; 16-cross bar; 20-saddle membrane structure; d1—membrane high points; d2—membrane low point; 21-connecting plates; 22-side cables; 23-membrane material; 23 a-stiffening the film; 24-film edge clamp; 24 a-membrane edge splint; 24 b-a compression bolt; 25-perforating; 26-edge pressing ropes; 27-connecting rods; 28-a gasket; 29-side cable die sleeve; 30-a first connector; 31-ear plate; 32-connecting ropes; 40-a second connector; 41-double-bolt flat steel pipe clamps; 41 a-bolts; 42-connecting ropes; 44-a tension detector; 43-rigging turnbuckle.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, if the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate an azimuth or a positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, or an azimuth or a positional relationship in which the inventive product is conventionally put in use, it is merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and it is not indicated or implied that the apparatus or element referred to must have a specific azimuth, be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description of the present invention, if any, are used for distinguishing between the descriptions and not necessarily for indicating or implying a relative importance.
Furthermore, the terms "horizontal," "vertical," and the like in the description of the present invention, if any, do not denote a requirement that the component be absolutely horizontal or overhang, but rather may be slightly inclined. As "horizontal" merely means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Examples
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a saddle film structure testing device 100 in an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a view along direction A of FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a view in the B direction of FIG. 2; fig. 4 is a view in the direction C of fig. 2. Referring to fig. 1 (see fig. 2, 3 and 4 in combination), a saddle film structure test device 100 in the present embodiment includes a support structure 10 and a saddle film structure 20. The saddle membrane structure 20 is stretched over the support structure 10.
Referring to fig. 5, the support structure 10 in this embodiment is a three-dimensional frame structure formed by connecting a plurality of rods. Specifically, the support structure 10 includes an upper frame 13 and four support feet 14 that are distributed in a matrix and support the upper frame 13. The upper frame 13 includes a first rectangular frame 13a and a second rectangular frame 13b that vertically intersect in a cross shape. The upper ends of the four supporting feet 14 are respectively connected to four connection points of the first rectangular frame 13a and the second rectangular frame 13b. The connection between the first rectangular frame 13a and the second rectangular frame 13b is reinforced by four reinforcing bars 15. The support between the support foot 14 and the upper frame 13 is also reinforced by a reinforcing bar 15.
The support structure 10 further comprises two uprights 11 connected between the two short sides of the second rectangular frame 13b and the support feet 14, respectively. The upper end of the upright 11 is connected to the midpoint of the short side of the second rectangular frame 13b, and the lower end is supported on a cross bar 16 horizontally connected between the support legs 14.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5 in combination, a set of short sides of the first rectangular frame 13a in this embodiment serve as two connecting portions 12 for connecting the film high point D1 and two stand columns 11 for connecting the film low point D2. The two posts 11 in this embodiment are spaced apart from each other, and the two connecting portions 12 are located on both sides of the plane defined by the two posts 11, respectively.
Two opposing membrane high points D1 of the saddle membrane structure 20 are connected to the two connection portions 12 by means of a first connection member 30, respectively; two opposite membrane low points D2 of the saddle membrane structure 20 are adjustably connected to the two uprights 11 respectively by means of second connectors 40, and the connection points of the second connectors 40 on the uprights 11 can be adjusted axially along the uprights 11 to adjust the sagittal height of the saddle membrane structure 20; the first connector 30 and/or the second connector 40 are provided with a tension detector 44. The first and second connectors 30, 40 of fig. 1-4 are shown in simplified form, and the specific structure will be described below with reference to fig. 6-10.
In the saddle film structure testing device 100 of the present embodiment, the film 23 of the saddle film structure 20 is stretched by connecting two film high points D1 thereof to the supporting structure 10 through two first connecting members 30 and by connecting two film low points D2 thereof to the supporting structure 10 through two second connecting members 40, and the positions of the two film low points D2 can be adjusted by adjusting the connection positions of the second connecting members 40 on the upright posts 11, i.e. adjusting the sagittal height H of the saddle film structure 20, thereby adjusting the sagittal height H/L of the saddle film structure 20, wherein L is the span of the saddle film structure 20, and the positions are represented by the spacing between the two upright posts 11. And in this embodiment, the tension detector 44 serially connected to the first connecting member 30 and/or the second connecting member 40 can detect the stress conditions of the saddle membrane structure 20 with different sagittal ratios.
Referring to fig. 6, 7 and 8, in one implementation of the present embodiment, the upright 11 is a circular cross-section upright 11; the second connecting piece 40 comprises a double-bolt flat steel pipe clamp 41 and a connecting rope 42; the double-bolt flat steel pipe clamp 41 is adjustably clamped on the periphery of the upright post 11 and can axially adjust the connection position of the double-bolt flat steel pipe clamp on the upright post 11; the connecting string 42 is rotatably connected at one end to one bolt 41a of the double bolt flat steel tube clamp 41 and at the other end to the membrane low point D2 of the saddle membrane structure 20. The connecting rope 42 is provided with a tension detector 44 and a turnbuckle 43 of a rope capable of adjusting the length between two connecting ends.
Referring to fig. 9 and 10, in one implementation of the present embodiment, the first connector 30 includes an ear plate 31 and a connecting cord 32; the ear plate 31 is fixedly connected to the connecting portion 12; the connecting string 32 is rotatably connected at one end to the ear plate 31 and at the other end to the membrane high point D1 of the saddle membrane structure 20. The connecting rope 32 in this embodiment is further provided with a tension detector 44 and a turnbuckle 43.
Referring to fig. 11, 12, in one implementation of the present embodiment, the film corner points of the saddle film structure 20 are configured as: comprises a connecting plate 21 and two side ropes 22; the two side ropes 22 are respectively and hingedly connected to the connecting plate 21, and the connecting plate 21 is also provided with connecting points for connecting the first connecting piece 30 and/or the second connecting piece 40; the corresponding edges of the film material 23 of the saddle-shaped film structure 20 are respectively connected with the corresponding side ropes 22 through side rope film sleeves 29; the membrane corner points refer to the membrane high points D1 or the membrane low points D2 of the saddle membrane structure 20. Optionally, the membrane corner point is further provided with a membrane edge fixture 24; the membrane side clamp 24 is of an arc-shaped structure; the film edge clamp 24 is connected between the two side ropes 22 and clamps the corner of the film material 23. Optionally, the film edge clamp 24 includes two film edge clamping plates 24a and a pressing bolt 24b for pressing the two film edge clamping plates 24 a; the corner of the membrane material 23 is folded and clamped between two membrane side clamping plates 24a, and the folded part is exposed out of one side of the membrane side clamping plates 24, which is close to the connecting plate 21, and a perforation 25 is formed; a binder cord 26 passes through the perforations 25 and two ends of the binder cord 26 are connected to the two side cords 22, respectively. The corner points of the film in this embodiment are also provided with connecting rods 27; one end of the connecting rod 27 is connected with the connecting plate 21, and the other end is connected with the membrane side clamp 24; the connection point of the connecting rod 27 on the connecting plate 21 is located between the connection points of the two side ropes 22 on the connecting plate 21. The corresponding surfaces of the two film side clamping plates 24a are respectively provided with a gasket 28, and the film material 23 is clamped between the two gaskets 28. In order to improve the strength of the membrane 23 at the membrane corner, the part of the membrane 23 at the membrane corner is covered with a stiffening membrane 23a as a reinforcing structure.
In view of the above description, the saddle film structure testing device 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention has the advantage of being able to conveniently adjust the sagittal ratio of the saddle film structure 20 and measure the stress conditions of the saddle film structure 20 at different sagittal ratios.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A saddle membrane structure testing device, comprising:
a support structure; the support structure comprises two stand columns which are mutually spaced and two connecting parts which are respectively positioned at two sides of a surface defined by the two stand columns;
a saddle membrane structure; two opposite membrane high points of the saddle membrane structure are respectively connected with the corresponding connecting parts through first connecting pieces; the two opposite membrane low points of the saddle membrane structure are respectively and adjustably connected to the two upright posts through second connecting pieces, and the connecting points of the second connecting pieces on the upright posts can be axially adjusted along the upright posts so as to adjust the sagittal height of the saddle membrane structure;
the second connecting piece comprises a double-bolt flat steel pipe clamp and a connecting rope, wherein the double-bolt flat steel pipe clamp is adjustably clamped on the periphery of the upright and can axially adjust the connecting position of the double-bolt flat steel pipe clamp on the upright; one end of the connecting rope is rotatably connected with one bolt of the double-bolt flat steel pipe clamp, and the other end of the connecting rope is connected with a membrane low point of the saddle membrane structure;
the first connecting piece comprises an ear plate and a connecting rope, the ear plate is fixedly connected to the connecting part, one end of the connecting rope is rotatably connected to the ear plate, and the other end of the connecting rope is connected to a membrane high point of the saddle-shaped membrane structure;
the membrane corner points of the saddle membrane structure are constructed as follows: comprises a connecting plate and two side ropes; the two side ropes are respectively and hingedly connected to the connecting plates, and connecting points for connecting the first connecting piece and/or the second connecting piece are also arranged on the connecting plates; the corresponding edges of the film materials of the saddle-shaped film structure are respectively connected with the corresponding side ropes through side rope film sleeves, and the film corner points refer to film high points or film low points of the saddle-shaped film structure;
and a tension detector is arranged on the first connecting piece and/or the second connecting piece in series.
2. The saddle film structure testing device according to claim 1, wherein:
the connecting rope is connected with a tension detector and a rigging turnbuckle capable of adjusting the length between two connecting ends of the tension detector in series.
3. The saddle film structure testing device according to claim 1, wherein:
the membrane corner point is also provided with a membrane edge clamp;
the membrane edge clamp is of an arc-shaped structure; the membrane side clamp is connected between the two side ropes and clamps the corner of the membrane material.
4. The saddle film structure testing device according to claim 3, wherein:
the film edge clamp comprises two film edge clamping plates and a compression bolt for pressing the two film edge clamping plates;
the corner of the membrane material is folded and then clamped between the two membrane side clamping plates, and the folded part is exposed out of one side, close to the connecting plate, of the membrane side clamping device, so that a perforation is formed;
and a blank holder rope penetrates through the through hole, and two ends of the blank holder rope are respectively connected with the two side ropes.
5. The saddle film structure testing device according to claim 4, wherein:
the membrane corner point is also provided with a connecting rod;
one end of the connecting rod is connected with the connecting plate, and the other end of the connecting rod is connected with the membrane edge clamp;
the connecting points of the connecting rods on the connecting plates are located between the connecting points of the two side ropes on the connecting plates.
6. The saddle film structure testing device according to claim 4, wherein:
the corresponding surfaces of the two film side clamping plates are respectively provided with a gasket, and the film material is clamped between the two gaskets.
7. The saddle film structure testing device according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein:
the supporting structure comprises an upper frame and four supporting feet which are distributed in a matrix and support the upper frame;
the upper frame comprises a first rectangular frame and a second rectangular frame which are vertically intersected to form a cross; a group of short sides of the first rectangular frame are used as two connecting parts for connecting the high points of the film;
the two stand columns are correspondingly connected between the two short sides of the second rectangular frame and the supporting feet.
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| CN201810163170.XA CN108181035B (en) | 2018-02-26 | 2018-02-26 | Saddle-shaped film structure test device |
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| CN201810163170.XA CN108181035B (en) | 2018-02-26 | 2018-02-26 | Saddle-shaped film structure test device |
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| CN108181035A CN108181035A (en) | 2018-06-19 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108181035B (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2023-12-08 | 成都理工大学 | Saddle-shaped film structure test device |
| CN109030212A (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2018-12-18 | 西安建筑科技大学 | A kind of air-supported membrane structure corner Deformation Observation experimental rig |
| CN111307621A (en) * | 2020-02-10 | 2020-06-19 | 中国矿业大学 | Flexible boundary tensioning pre-tightening device for membrane impact test and operation method |
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