One of developing direction of power-supply system is to replace the centralized power electric power system with distributed power supply system.In the power supply system for communications, distributed power supply system is generally adopted, refer to that promptly the parallel connection of N+n platform power module is used in combination, wherein the N platform is in order to the required electric current of supply load, n platform (general n=1) is a redundant module, even it can guarantee that power-supply system has n platform module to break down simultaneously, 100% load current still can be provided, increased the Tolerate and redundance power of system.In addition, adopt redundant technique, also can realize hot swap, promptly under the situation of the system of assurance uninterrupted power supply, change the failed module of system.
Thereby based on the development of high power load demand and distributed power supply system, the Current Sharing Technology of power module seems and becomes more and more important.Current Sharing Technology can guarantee the current stress of intermodule and the uniform distribution of thermal stress, prevents that one or more module from operating in limited current state.It is the key that realizes the large power, electrically origin system, and the current stress of the power semiconductor of each power module is reduced, and significantly improves the reliability of system.The basic demand of parallel current-sharing is: the electric current energy autobalance that each module is born, realize current-sharing; For improving the reliability of system, do not increase the measure of outside sharing control as far as possible, and current-sharing is combined with redundant technique; When input voltage or load current variation, should keep output voltage stabilization, and the transient response of current-sharing is good.
At present, in the prior art there be much the scheme of current equalizer, wherein can realize current-sharing within the specific limits based on the automatic current equalizing device of average current method, the reference value on its current equalizing bus bar is not represented the maximum current in each module, but the mean value of each module output current in parallel.Each module dereliction in parallel is from relation, and relation each other is an equality, so be referred to as the low difference of dereliction automatic current equalizing method again.The circuit structure of this device is simple, it forms closed-loop system by equalizing controller and output voltage adjuster, their sharing control adjustment mode is unidirectional adjustment, the weak point of this unidirectional adjustment mode is not to be that all power modules participate in the current-sharing adjusting on one's own initiative, but have only the output current module bigger initiatively to reduce its output voltage than average current, perhaps have only the output current module littler initiatively to raise its output voltage than average current, the realization current-sharing is regulated, thereby the current-sharing dynamic adjustments is limited in scope, the precise current-equalizing of equal mobility unanimity in the full-load range can not be realized, current-sharing effect unanimity in a certain section loading range can only be guaranteed.Realize high-precision current-sharing, the equalizing controller parameter designing of unidirectional adjustment mode is difficulty, can only carry out the parameter examination when debugging sometimes and gather, and is difficult to reach best current-sharing effect.
The present invention has proposed a kind of device of the simple and practical full-load range precise current-equalizing realized with regard to the basic principle that is based on average current method automatic current equalizing.
A kind of full-load range precise current-equalizing device of the present invention, comprise a voltage error amplifier by second operational amplifier and peripheral circuit composition integral element, it is characterized in that also comprising the equalizing controller of energy bidirectional modulation, in the described equalizing controller, feedback resistance R9 is in parallel with anti-interference capacitor C3 to be connected across between the first operational amplifier negative input end and the positive output end, two biasing resistor R10, the positive input terminal of R11 series connection back one termination, first operational amplifier, one termination+5V power supply, one end of resistance R 2 is connected with the positive input terminal of first operational amplifier, one end of resistance R 4 is connected with the negative input end of first operational amplifier, one end of resistance R 1 is with after R4 links to each other, connect the current sample amplifying circuit, the other end of resistance R 1 be connected on the current equalizing bus bar after resistance R 2 links to each other; Power supply termination+15V the power supply of operational amplifier, the output of first operational amplifier are connected the positive input terminal of voltage error amplifier by two current-limiting resistance R3 and R5 series connection back.
The present invention has also taked following technical measures, connects voltage stabilizing didoe at two current-limiting resistance R10, the R11 intermediate connection point of the output of first operational amplifier; Feeder ear at first operational amplifier inserts filter capacitor C1.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described in further details.
The voltage error amplifier A that regulates power module output in Fig. 1 generally is the proportional integral link, its input be respectively output voltage feedback Vf and output voltage with reference to Vr, its output is the voltage error signal Ve that regulates power stage translation circuit duty cycle.As can be seen from Figure 1 the reference input of voltage error amplifier is influenced by the output Vi of equalizing controller.The voltage signal of V1 this module of reflection output current size that to be this electric power outputting current obtain after sampling is amplified is as an input of equalizing controller; V0 is from obtaining with the current equalizing bus bar that each power module output current signal links to each other by a resistance R 1, reflecting the average current value of each power module output current, as another input of equalizing controller; Vi is the output of equalizing controller.Equalizing controller is the core of flow equalizing circuit, the good and bad current-sharing effect that directly influences system of its performance, its inner specific implementation circuit is not a lot, commonly be used as equalizing controller as equalizing controller or with comparator and RC filter with integral operation amplifier, the basic functional principle of these equalizing controllers is when this module output current V1 is less than average output current V0 when the independent use of power module or a plurality of power module parallel operation, the output Vi of equalizing controller is the saturated output of forward, diode D1 is anti-inclined to one side, the output Vi of equalizing controller does not impact the reference input of voltage error amplifier A, have only as this module output current V1 during greater than average output current V0, the output Vi of equalizing controller just adjusts downwards from the saturated output of forward, up to diode D1 positively biased, drag down the reference input of voltage error amplifier A, and then reduce the output voltage of power module, reach the purpose of each power module output current of mean allocation.So, can draw from the basic functional principle of equalizing controller, its sharing control adjustment mode is unidirectional adjustment, promptly have only this module output current just to participate in adjusting greater than the module of average output current, reduce the output voltage of this module, thereby reduce this module output current, reach the purpose of current-sharing.The weak point of this unidirectional adjustment mode is not to be that all power modules all change its output voltage, participating in current-sharing on one's own initiative regulates, but have only the output current module bigger initiatively to reduce its output voltage than average current, the participation current-sharing is regulated, thereby the current-sharing dynamic adjustments of unidirectional adjustment mode is limited in scope, the precise current-equalizing of equal mobility unanimity in the full-load range can not be realized, current-sharing effect unanimity in a certain section loading range can only be guaranteed.In addition, realize high-precision current-sharing, the equalizing controller parameter designing of unidirectional adjustment mode is also difficult, can only carry out the parameter examination when debugging sometimes and gather, and can not reach best current-sharing effect.
Fig. 2 has provided full-load range precise current-equalizing device schematic diagram of the present invention, the voltage error amplifier of as can be seen from Figure 2 regulating power module output still adopts the structure the same with prior art, so its reference input is influenced by the output Vi of equalizing controller still.First operational amplifier A 1 is the linear scale amplifier of band biasing circuit, plays the effect of equalizing controller.R9 is the feedback resistance of amplifier, and the resistance of this resistance is big more, and then the multiplication factor of amplifier is high more, and the current-sharing effect should be accurate more.The effect of anti-interference capacitor C3 is to remove the influence of High-frequency Interference to equalizing controller, can also avoid causing system's closed loop instability because of the adjusting of equalizing controller participation system output voltage simultaneously.For making equalizing controller can carry out bidirectional modulation, spy of the present invention increased by+5V power supply and R10, R11 constitutes the biasing circuit of this amplifier, as one of them input of equalizing controller; The voltage signal of V1 this module of reflection output current size that to be this power module output current obtain after sampling is amplified is as another input of equalizing controller; V0 is from obtaining with the current equalizing bus bar that each power module output current signal links to each other by a resistance R 1, and V0 has reflected the average current value of each power module output current in parallel, as the 3rd input of equalizing controller.Vi is the output of equalizing controller, is sent to the reference input of voltage error amplifier, and then adjusts the output voltage of power module, reaches the purpose of each power module output current of mean allocation.Such as this module output current V1 during less than average output current V0, the output Vi of equalizing controller increases, and reference the input of voltage error amplifier also improves thereupon, and the output voltage of this module increases, the raising of this module output current, and vice versa; Can be adjusted with the module that is lower than average current value thereby make above the power module of average current, promptly realized bidirectional modulation.
The effect of voltage stabilizing didoe D1 is out of control in order to prevent linear scale amplifier A1, or damages and when causing just saturated output, the output of clamper equalizing controller limits in allowed limits its influence to voltage error amplifier A2 reference input.
During the work of separate unit power module, current equalizing bus bar is floating empty, does not have the implication of average current value.The input of equalizing controller just has only+biasing circuit of 5V and the voltage signal V1 of this module of reflection output current.Set resistance parameter: R1=R4=R2=1K this moment earlier, can find through deriving, as long as satisfy condition: R10+R11=2R9, no matter reflect then how the voltage signal V1 of this module output current size changes, it is constant that the output Vi of equalizing controller remains bias voltage+5V.Thereby when having guaranteed the work of separate unit power module, its output loading regulation can be not influenced because of the adding of this equalizing controller.
Derivation is as follows:
According to the principle of stacking of linear circuit, at first separately with equalizing controller+5V bias input end short circuit over the ground, the 3rd pin current potential of linear scale amplifier A1 is:
The 2nd pin of linear scale amplifier A1 and the 3rd pin are empty short, so the 2nd pin current potential of linear scale amplifier A1 is:
The current potential of the output Vi1 of equalizing controller is:
Comprehensive above-mentioned three expression formulas, the pass that can draw this module output current V1 and equalizing controller output Vi1 is:
Separately with the voltage signal end V1 of this module of reflection output current size of equalizing controller short circuit over the ground, the 3rd pin current potential of linear scale amplifier A1 is then:
Because the 2nd pin of linear scale amplifier A1 and the 3rd pin are empty short, so the 2nd pin current potential of linear scale amplifier A1 is:
V
2=V
3
The current potential of the output Vi2 of equalizing controller is:
Comprehensive above-mentioned three expression formulas, can draw+5V biasing input with the pass of the output Vi2 of equalizing controller is:
The principle of stacking of utilization linear circuit, total output Vi of equalizing controller is:
From above-mentioned expression formula as can be seen,, make it to satisfy following formula, just can make the constant 5V of being of output Vi of equalizing controller as long as dispose resistance parameter suitably.Even:
In following formula, to simplify the analysis, be convenient to parameter designing, establish R1=R4=R2=1K earlier, make R10+R11=2R9 again, can satisfy the constant 5V of being of Vi.Among the present invention that Fig. 2 provides, get R10=51K, R11=3K, then R9=54K.
So, the output Vi of equalizing controller does not change with the variation of this module output current size, it only changes with the voltage signal V1 of this module of reflection output current size and the difference of the voltage signal V0 of each power module average output current of reflection, and be to be basic point with output offset voltage+5V, change up and down, reach the purpose that increases or reduce the reference input of voltage error amplifier, thereby realized the purpose of the output voltage mean allocation output current of bidirectional modulation power module.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage: 1 circuit is simple.
Can realize sharing control with one with the linear operational amplifier of biasing circuit. The input of linear amplifier is respectively this module output current signal and average output current signal. Simultaneously, the positive input terminal in amplifier has applied a forward bias circuit. When single module moves, as long as parameter rationally is set, just can realize no matter how the size of this module output current changes, and it is invariable that the output of this amplifier all keeps. Load regulation when so this flow equalizing circuit can not affect the single module test.
When 2 usefulness realize sharing control with the linear operational amplifier of biasing circuit, this linear operational amplifier A1 output can fluctuate near bias, thereby it both can raise the reference input of voltage error amplifier, can drag down again the reference input of voltage error amplifier, that is to say, the module that output current is large can reduce its output effectively, and the module that output current is little can increase its output effectively, realizes two-way adjustment. So the dynamic adjusting range of the electric current of this current-sharing scheme is wider.
3 parameters of the present invention arrange simply, and actual debugging is convenient and easy.
The actual current-sharing effect of 4 the present invention can guarantee in 3% scope, and in the full-load range, current-sharing effect basically identical.Following table be the applicant to adopting 11 tests that the 48V/50A parallel electric source module is done of the present invention, current-sharing effect of the present invention as can be seen is splendid, has realized the purpose of full-load range precise current-equalizing.
Module 1 | Module 2 | Module 3 | Module 4 | Module 5 | Module 6 | Module 7 | Module 8 | Module 9 | Module 10 | Module 11 |
?1.5 | ?1.6 | ?1.5 | ?1.5 | ?1.6 | ?1.5 | ?1.5 | ?1.5 | ?1.6 | ?1.6 | ?1.6 |
?5.4 | ?5.3 | ?5.4 | ?5.4 | ?5.5 | ?5.3 | ?5.4 | ?5.4 | ?5.4 | ?5.4 | ?5.3 |
?10.5 | ?10.6 | ?10.5 | ?10.5 | ?10.5 | ?10.5 | ?10.4 | ?10.5 | ?10.5 | ?10.5 | ?10.5 |
?16.4 | ?16.5 | ?16.5 | ?16.5 | ?16.5 | ?16.5 | ?16.4 | ?16.5 | ?16.5 | ?16.5 | ?16.5 |
?19.3 | ?19.3 | ?19.3 | ?19.3 | ?19.3 | ?19.3 | ?19.3 | ?19.4 | ?19.3 | ?19.4 | ?19.4 |
?26.5 | ?26.5 | ?26.5 | ?26.5 | ?26.5 | ?26.5 | ?26.6 | ?26.5 | ?26.5 | ?26.5 | ?26.5 |
?32.4 | ?32.4 | ?32.3 | ?32.4 | ?32.4 | ?32.4 | ?32.3 | ?32.4 | ?32.4 | ?32.4 | ?32.4 |
?38.2 | ?38.4 | ?38.2 | ?38.2 | ?38.3 | ?38.2 | ?38.2 | ?38.2 | ?38.2 | ?38.3 | ?38.2 |
?44.6 | ?44.6 | ?44.6 | ?44.6 | ?44.6 | ?44.8 | ?44.6 | ?44.6 | ?44.6 | ?44.7 | ?44.6 |
?50.5 | ?50.5 | ?50.5 | ?50.5 | ?50.5 | ?50.5 | ?50.5 | ?50.5 | ?50.5 | ?50.5 | ?50.5 |
A kind of full-load range precise current-equalizing device proposed by the invention, generally be applicable in a plurality of power modules DC power system of exporting directly in parallel, it is a kind of simple and practical desirable current equalizer, for realizing the Redundancy Design of power-supply system, improve the reliability of power-supply system and created condition.The present invention can widely popularize in direct currents such as the electric power operation power-supply system output switch power supply system such as the power supply system for communications, has potential positive social benefit and economic benefit.