CN1287258A - 以非恒产率生产氧产品的深冷精馏系统 - Google Patents

以非恒产率生产氧产品的深冷精馏系统 Download PDF

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CN1287258A
CN1287258A CN00118784A CN00118784A CN1287258A CN 1287258 A CN1287258 A CN 1287258A CN 00118784 A CN00118784 A CN 00118784A CN 00118784 A CN00118784 A CN 00118784A CN 1287258 A CN1287258 A CN 1287258A
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J·P·马尔
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Praxair Technology Inc
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Abstract

一种低温空气分离系统,其中通过使用液态氧储罐以及与高压塔集存槽联合运行的另外的富氧液体储罐可以有效地以比额定产率高的产率和比之低的产率生产产品氧。

Description

以非恒产率生产氧产品的深冷精馏系统
本发明总体上涉及深冷精馏方法，并且更具体而言涉及以非恒产率生产氧的深冷精馏方法。
在生产氧的深冷精馏工厂运行期间，对氧产品的需要量可能改变。这种氧产品需要量的变化要求氧产品的生产有相应变化。不这样变化则系统将不能有效运行。而且，系统为适应需求量变化而发生的变化越快，则该系统的整体性能越好。
因此，本发明的目的为提供这样的生产氧的深冷精馏系统，其运行可随氧产品排出量的变化，即对系统中排出氧产品需求量的增加或减少而迅速变化。
本领域技术人员一读到本公开内容就会清楚的上述及其它目的是由本发明实现的，其一个方面为：
以非恒生产率通过深冷精馏方法生产氧的设备，其包括：
(A)包括高压塔和低压塔的双塔系统；
(B)富氧液体储罐、将流体从富氧液体储罐传送到低压塔的装置、及将流体从高压塔的下部传送到富氧液体储罐的装置；
(C)产品沸腾器、将进料空气传送到产品沸腾器的装置、及将进料空气从产品沸腾器(boiler)传送到高压塔的装置；
(D)液态氧储罐和将流体从液态氧储罐传送到产品沸腾器的装置；
(E)将流体从低压塔的下部传送到液态氧储罐的装置、及将流体从低压塔的下部传送到产品沸腾器的装置；和
(F)从产品沸腾器回收流体作为产品氧的装置。
本发明的另一方面为：
通过深冷精馏方法生产氧的方法，包括：
(A)至少部分冷凝进料空气流，将所得进料空气传送到包括高压塔和低压塔的双塔系统的高压塔中，并通过深冷精馏方法将进料空气在高压塔中分离为富氮蒸气和富氧液体；
(B)将富氮流体和富氧流体从高压塔传送到低压塔，并通过深冷精馏方法将送入低压塔的流体分离为氮蒸气和氧液体；
(C)将来自低压塔下部的氧液体与所述至少部分冷凝的进料空气进行间接热交换以产生氧蒸气；
(D)回收氧蒸气作为产品氧，所作改进能使产品氧以非恒产率回收，这些改进包括：
(E)在过程的一部分期间，通过将来自液态氧储罐的额外氧液体与至少部分冷凝进料空气进行间接热交换并提高至少部分冷凝进料空气的流量，并且将富氧液体从高压塔传送到富氧液体储罐中来提高产品氧的产率；以及
(F)在过程的另一部分期间，通过将氧液体从低压塔下部传送到液态氧储罐中并降低至少部分冷凝进料空气的流量，并且将富氧液体从富氧液体储罐传送到低压塔中来降低产品氧的产率。
此处所用术语“涡轮膨胀”和“涡轮膨胀机”分别表示高压气流经过涡轮机以降低气体的压力和温度由此产生致冷的方法和设备。
此处所用术语“塔”表示蒸馏或分馏塔或区，即其中液相和蒸气相逆流接触以进行流体混合物分离的接触塔或区，例如通过在塔内一系列垂直间隔放置的塔盘或塔板上或在填料元件上使蒸气相和液体相接触而进行。关于蒸馏塔的进一步讨论可见《化学工程师手册》第5版，R.H.Perry和C.H.Chilton编，McGraw-Hill Book Company，纽约，第13部分，“连续蒸馏法”。术语双塔用来表示高压塔的上部与低压塔的下部具有热交换关系的双塔。关于双塔的进一步讨论见Ruheman的“气体分离”，牛津大学出版社，1949，第Ⅶ章，工业空气分离。
蒸气与液体接触分离法依赖于各组分蒸气压的差。高蒸气压(或更易挥发或低沸点)组分倾向于在蒸气相富集而低蒸气压(或更不易挥发或高沸点)组分倾向于在液体相富集。部分冷凝即是通过使蒸气混合物冷却而在蒸气相富集挥发性组分并由此在液体相富集较不易挥发组分的分离方法。精馏或连续蒸馏为通过逆流处理蒸气相和液体相所获得的连续的部分气化和部分冷凝相结合的分离方法。蒸气和液体相的逆流接触可以是绝热的并且可以包括两相之间的整体或微分接触。利用精馏原理分离混合物的分离设备经常可交替换地称作精馏塔、蒸馏塔、或分馏塔。深冷精馏为至少部分是在或低于150开尔文度(K)的温度下进行的精馏方法。
此处所用术语“间接热交换”表示两种流体进行热交换而未经过任何物理接触或流体的彼此混合。
此处所用术语“氩气塔”表示加工处理包含氩气的进料并且产生的产物中氩气的浓度超过进料中氩气浓度的塔。
此处所用术语“集存槽”表示位于塔板或填料下方的蒸馏塔的底部，液体富集其中。
此处所用术语“液面调节器”表示在一定的储存体积如罐或塔集存槽内用于液位反馈控制的机械、气动或电动装置或者计算机中所编辑的数学算法。
此处所用术语“进料空气”表示主要包括氮气、氧气和氩气的混合物，如环境空气。
此处所用术语“产品氧”表示氧浓度为90-99.99 mol％的流体。
此处所用术语“上部”和“下部”表示分别位于塔中点以上和以下的塔部分。
此处所用术语“产品沸腾器”表示通过汽化液态氧进行间接热交换而使进料空气至少部分冷凝的热交换器。产品沸腾器可以是分离或单独使用的热交换器或者可结合到大型热交换器中。
唯一一张图为本发明低温生产氧系统的一个优选实施方案的代表性示意图，其中另外使用了氩气塔。
下面将参照附图更详细地说明本发明。首先说明稳态运行情况，然后说明要求提高或降低氧产品产率的氧产品需求量有变化的情况。
现在参照附图，使已净化除去高沸点杂质如水蒸气、二氧化碳和烃并压缩至绝对压力一般为100-700磅每平方英寸(psia)，优选100-200psia的进料空气100经过主热交换器101，通过与返回物流进行间接热交换而冷却。将所得冷却的净化的压缩进料空气10分成3部分。进料空气的第一部分106经过产品沸腾器107，在其中进料空气通过与沸腾液态氧的间接热交换被至少部分冷凝，这将在下面更全面地说明。然后让所得至少部分冷凝的进料空气物流11进入高压塔105。经部分往复式热交换器13与返回物流进行间接热交换而将冷却的净化的压缩进料空气的另一部分12进一步冷却和冷凝并让所得进料空气流14进入高压塔105。在用附图说明的本发明实施方案中，进料空气流11和14合并形成进料空气流15进入高压塔105。使冷却的净化的压缩进料空气的另一部分103经过涡轮膨胀机102进行涡轮膨胀而致冷并让所得涡轮膨胀的进料空气流104进入高压塔105。
高压塔105是也包括低压塔130的双塔系统的一部分。高压塔一般在70-100psia的压力下运行。在高压塔105中进料空气经深冷精馏被分离为富氮蒸气和富氧液体。富氮蒸气从第一塔或高压塔105的上部以物流16排出并经过主冷凝器17，在此通过使低压塔底部液体沸腾进行间接热交换而被冷凝。所得富氮液体18被分成第一部分19和第二部分20：第一部分19返回高压塔105作为回流液体；第二部分20通过热交换器13的部分往复逆着返回物流被低温冷却并随后作为物流21进入低压塔130的上部作为回流液体。
富氧液体中氧浓度一般为25-45mol％。富氧液体以物流22排出高压塔105的下部，并在进入低压塔130之前通过热交换器13的部分往复逆着返回物流被低温冷却。用附图说明的本发明实施方案是优选的实施方案，其中还使用了带有顶部冷凝器的氩气塔并且在进入低压塔之前首先在氩气塔顶部冷凝器中将一些或全部低温冷却的富氧液体进行处理。再次参考附图，低温冷却的富氧液体23进入氩气塔顶部冷凝器131，在此通过与氩气塔顶部蒸气的间接热交换被至少部分汽化。所得富氧蒸气和残余的富氧液体分别以物流202和203从顶部冷凝器131出来进入低压塔130中。
第二或低压塔130是以比高压塔105低的压力运行的，并且压力一般为15-30psia。在低压塔130中通过深冷精馏将经过该塔的流体分离为氮蒸气和氧液体。氮蒸气以物流24从低压塔130的上部排出，经过热交换器13和101的通道被加热并被回收，全部或部分作为氮产品流150，其氮浓度一般为99-99.999 mol％。为了控制产品纯度，将废物流25从低压塔130上部在物流24排出口下方排出，经过热交换器13和101的通道被加热作为物流151排出系统。
主要包括氩气和氧的物流以物流26从低压塔130的下部排出并进入氩气塔120，在此通过深冷精馏被分离为富氩流体和富氧流体。富氧流体经过氩气塔120以液流27返回低压塔130。富氩流体作为氩气塔顶部蒸气以物流28进入顶部冷凝器131，在此通过与上述至少部分汽化的富氧液体进行间接热交换而至少被部分冷凝。用所得富氩流体的一部分29作为塔120的回流液体而另一部分30作为粗产品氩回收，氩浓度一般为95-99.999mol％。
氧液体以物流140排出低压塔130的集存槽并进入产品沸腾器107，在此通过与上述至少部分冷凝的进料空气进行间接热交换而被汽化。任选地，液流140在进入产品沸腾器107之前可被泵至高压(未示出)。所得氧蒸气以物流143从产品沸腾器107进入主热交换器101中，在此被加热并由此以物流31作为产品氧被回收。
本发明可使氧产品物流31的产率迅速变化而不损害系统的运行效率。本发明是通过使用液态氧储罐650和富氧液体储罐750而得到这些结果的。
在生产过程的一部分期间，当需要提高产品氧的产率使之高于系统中产品氧的额定产率时，则提高进入产品沸腾器107的进料空气106的流量，从液态氧储罐650出来的液态氧经管道600汇入物流140以经过产品沸腾器107生产额外的产品氧。液态氧储罐650的气相压力由产品沸腾器107和液态氧储罐650之间的管道144保持。富氧液体从高压塔105的集存槽经管道118进入富氧液体储罐750。储罐750和高压塔105的液体集存槽处于同一海拔高度。高压塔105集存槽和富氧液体储罐750中富氧液体的液位由控制塔105集存槽液体液位的液面调节器控制。
在生产过程的一部分期间，当需要降低产品氧的产率使之低于系统中产品氧的额定产率时，则降低进入产品沸腾器107的进料空气106的流量，并且一部分从低压塔130的集存槽中排出的液体氧(否则会进入产品沸腾器107)却经过管道600而进入液态氧储罐650。富氧液体从富氧液体储罐750中或者进入高压塔105的集存槽以进入低压塔或者如附图所示从管道118汇入物流22并随后如上述进入低压塔130。优选通过分别使用管道118和110允许富氧液体和与富氧液体保持平衡的富氧蒸气在塔105的集存槽和罐750之间自由流动。当过程在提高或降低产品氧产率的模式运行时，优选在管道118中流动的富氧液体流量和在管道600中流动的液体氧流量之间的流量比为1.10-1.15(基于克分子)。
尽管已参照某些特定的优选实施方案对本发明作了详细说明，但本领域技术人员应认识到仍存在属于权利要求精神和范围内的其它本发明实施方案。

Claims (7)

1．以非恒产率通过深冷精馏生产氧的设备，其包括：
(A)包括高压塔和低压塔的双塔系统；
(B)富氧液体储罐、将流体从富氧液体储罐传送到低压塔的装置、及将流体从高压塔的下部传送到富氧液体储罐的装置；
(C)产品沸腾器、将进料空气传送到产品沸腾器的装置、及将进料空气从产品沸腾器传送到高压塔的装置；
(D)液态氧储罐和将流体从液态氧储罐传送到产品沸腾器的装置；
(E)将流体从低压塔的下部传送到液态氧储罐的装置、及将流体从低压塔的下部传送到产品沸腾器的装置；和
(F)从产品沸腾器回收流体作为产品氧的装置。
2．权利要求1的设备，进一步包括带有顶部冷凝器的氩气塔，其中将流体从富氧液体储罐传送到低压塔的装置包括顶部冷凝器。
3．通过深冷精馏生产氧的方法，其包括：
(A)至少部分冷凝进料空气流，将所得进料空气传送到包括高压塔和低压塔的双塔的高压塔中，并通过深冷精馏将进料空气在高压塔中分离为富氮蒸气和富氧液体；
(B)将富氮流体和富氧流体从高压塔传送到低压塔，并通过深冷精馏将送入低压塔的流体分离为氮蒸气和氧液体；
(C)将来自低压塔下部的氧液体与所述至少部分冷凝的进料空气进行间接热交换以产生氧蒸气；
(D)回收氧蒸气作为产品氧，所作改进能使产品氧以非恒产率回收，这些改进包括：
(E)在过程进行的一部分期间，通过将来自液态氧储罐的额外氧液体与至少部分冷凝的进料空气进行间接热交换并提高至少部分冷凝的进料空气的流量，并且将富氧液体从高压塔传送到富氧液体储罐中来提高产品氧的产率；以及
(F)在过程进行的另一部分期间，通过将氧液体从低压塔下部传送到液态氧储罐中，并降低至少部分冷凝的进料空气的流量，并且将富氧液体从富氧液体储罐传送到低压塔中来降低产品氧的产率。
4．权利要求3的方法，其中在来自富氧液体储罐的富氧液体被传送到低压塔之前将其低温冷却。
5．权利要求3的方法，其中在来自富氧液体储罐的富氧液体被传送到低压塔之前将其至少部分汽化。
6．权利要求3的方法，其中在(E)项所述过程期间，从高压塔流入富氧液体储罐的富氧液体的流量与来自液态氧储罐与至少部分冷凝的进料空气进行间接热交换的氧液体的流量的比基于克分子为1.10-1.15。
7．权利要求3的方法，其中在(F)项所述过程期间，从富氧液体储罐流入低压塔的富氧液体的流量与从低压塔下部流入液态氧储罐的氧液体的流量的比基于克分子为1.10-1.15。
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