CN1286749A - Fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace - Google Patents
Fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN1286749A CN1286749A CN 97182489 CN97182489A CN1286749A CN 1286749 A CN1286749 A CN 1286749A CN 97182489 CN97182489 CN 97182489 CN 97182489 A CN97182489 A CN 97182489A CN 1286749 A CN1286749 A CN 1286749A
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- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 383
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 346
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 242
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 186
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 88
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
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- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
A fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace in which a gasification furnace and a combustion furnace are integrated with each other, and unburned char generated in the gasification furnace is burnt in the combustion furnace to use the resulting combustion heat for a heat source for gasification. The fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace comprises a gasification furnace and a combustion furnace, which are partitioned from each other by a first partition. In the gasification furnace, a swirl of a fluid medium is formed by diffusers disposed on the furnace bed, and a part of a rising flow enters the combustion furnace. The combustion furnace is divided by a second partition into a main combustion chamber and a heat recovery chamber. In the main combustion chamber, a swirl of the fluid medium is formed by diffusers disposed on the furnace bed, and a part of a rising flow enters the heat recovery chamber.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to gasification fluidized bed stove and the incorporate fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace of burning fluidized bed stove.
Background technology
People carry out various trials, utilize coal to carry out the high efficiency generating.
As one of them scheme, so-called PFBC stove upper strata circulation (topping cycle) shown in Figure 14 has been proposed.This system at first at fluidized-bed gasification furnace 501 with coal gasification.With this moment in the burning in the carbon burning stove 502 different that is carbon (char) of the combustible constituent of the coal main body that gasification furnace 501 produces with gasification furnace 501.Promptly the gas that produces in gasification furnace 501 and the mixture of carbon are introduced into cyclone separator (cyclone) 505, here gas are separated with carbon, and carbon is delivered to carbon burning stove 502, and gas is delivered to burner 503.On the other hand, will flow medium and carbon are introduced the carbon burning stove 502 from gasification furnace 501, and coal in carbon burning stove 502 will be returned gasification furnace 501 by heated mobile medium by the burning of carbon.Then, fuel gas that will produce at gasification furnace 501 and the burnt gas that produces from carbon burning stove 502 rise temperature in burner 503 mixed combustions more, introduce gas turbine 504 then.In addition, the burnt gas that produces at carbon burning stove 502 separates at cyclone separator 506 with ash, and above-mentioned burnt gas is introduced into burner 503, and ash is discharged from the bottom of cyclone separator.
After the steam that burning by carbon in above-mentioned carbon burning stove 502 produces is introduced into steam turbine 508, be heated at waste heat boiler 509, thereafter, circulation in carbon burning stove 502.From the burnt gas process waste heat boiler 509 that gas turbine 504 is discharged, discharge from chimney 511.
The gas temperature of the inlet of gas turbine is high more, and then the efficient of gas turbine is high more, and in order to improve the efficient of total system, it is very important making the gas temperature maintenance high temperature of gas turbine inlet.
On the other hand, coal is worked as kind not simultaneously, gasification property differs greatly, usually, when the high more then gasification reaction of reaction temperature carry out abundant more, rate of gasification is also high, therefore, when adopting multiple coal to act as a fuel, how to make the temperature stabilization of gasification furnace, and to keep high temperature be very important problem.
The method of temperature of keeping gasification furnace mainly is divided into 2 kinds.A kind of is to dropping into the part of the fuel in the gasification furnace, not only with its gasification, and with the method for its burning.Another kind is that the carbon that will produce in gasification furnace is introduced in the carbon burning stove with mobile medium, with the carbon burning and the medium heating of will flowing, heated mobile medium is returned the method for gasification furnace.Usually, the combustion velocity of solid and burning of gas reaction speed rank (order) differ big more, and burning of gas speed is fast more.Therefore for the former, the oxygen of supplying with gasification furnace nearly all reacts with gas componant in this generation, makes the decrease in efficiency of gasification.For the latter, the gas that produces in gasification furnace is not consumed for holding temperature, thereby the organic efficiency height of gas, the wide adaptability of carbon kind.
But, method for the latter, need a kind of technology that a large amount of high hot hot medias is circulated from gasification furnace the carbon burning stove, and this technology is processing (handling) technology that comprises the high temperature particle of unburned part, has very difficult problem technically.PFBC stove upper strata circulation does not now also reach practicability, is also not finish because comprise processing (handling) technology of the high temperature particle of this unburned part.
On the other hand, people have proposed a kind of scheme, and carbon burning stove and gasification furnace is adjoining and be provided with, and make that the transport distance with high temperature particle between shortens as far as possible.This technology is provided with the carbon burning stove in the gasification furnace vicinity, in the layer of carbon burning stove heat-transfer pipe in the layer is set.
The pyroconductivity that is placed on heat-transfer pipe in the fluidized bed and hot media as shown in figure 15, if the superficial linear velocity in a column of the gas that flows be the minimum required speed that flows more than 2 times the time, no matter the power of Liu Donging then is almost necessarily.Heat-transfer pipe that promptly disposes in fluidized bed and superficial linear velocity in a column irrespectively always absorb a certain amount of heat.Even therefore the heat that produces in layer changes, for example be accompanied by under the situation of load variations coal quantity delivered variation, because heat output is certain, thereby variation has taken place in the temperature of fluidized bed.
In the circulation of PFBC stove upper strata, the high temperature that the gas temperature and the combustion furnace Outlet Gas Temperature of gasification furnace outlet remained separately is very important, the carbon burning stove is adjacent with gasification furnace and the configuration structure in, flow medium for carbon burning stove and gasification furnace mutual circulation and interrelated, the change of such layer temperature has brought fatal influence to the stable application of entire system.
As the method for the layer temperature variation of the carbon burning stove that suppresses to have layer interior heat-transfer pipe, have a kind ofly to make the amount of oxygen supply load in the mobile gas that is blown into combustion furnace and change, and quantity combusted is changed come the method for key-course temperature.
But its correspondence of control of being controlled the quantity combusted that determines by amount of oxygen is very poor, and stable control is very difficult, and feasible layer temperature be instability extremely, flow medium and grey the fusing, and fluidized bed can not be kept, and making turns round becomes impossible.
In order to make gasification furnace keep high temperature, by hot media being heated, need supply with the hot media of this high temperature, so must make the layer temperature of carbon burning stove very high to gasification furnace in carbon burning stove coal.But, warm when too high when the layer that makes the carbon burning stove, can produce slag, need be in institute's restricted portion with layer temperature control, the carbon burning stove need have good layer temperature control function.
The easiest method of the temperature of control carbon burning chamber is when temperature rises, and supplies with the method for the hot media of low temperature.For example, for layer temperature descended 50 ℃ from 950 ℃, drop to 900 ℃, the amount of required mobile medium depends on the temperature of the mobile medium of supply, when the temperature of the mobile medium of supplying with was 400 ℃, the amount of the mobile medium of required supply was as long as be all 50/ (900-400)=1/10 of amount of medium of flowing.Otherwise, when the temperature of layer is lower than desired value,, do not need to adopt any measure owing to only need can make layer temperature recover to rise by the combustion heat of carbon.
Therefore,, the method for the mobile medium of low temperature can be supplied with as required, the temperature control of carbon burning stove can be easily realized to the carbon burning stove if a kind of change of seeing the layer temperature of combustion furnace is arranged.At this moment, it is very important will going out from the carbon burning fire grate with the mobile medium of the mobile medium same amount of supplying with.
On the other hand, in existing The normal pressure fluidized bed boiler, coal is burnt in fluidized bed, reclaim heat from heated mobile medium and burnt gas.Figure 16 is the schematic diagram of an example of the fluidized-bed combustion boiler of existing normal pressure.Fluidized-bed combustion boiler has the wall of being separated 600 separated combustion furnace 601 and heat recovery chamber 602.Heat recovery chamber 602 is provided with the heat-transfer area 603 that is used for reclaiming from the medium that flow heat, and melting chamber (free board) is provided with the heat-transfer area 604 that reclaims heat from burning gases.Reclaim the steam drive steam turbine 605 that heat produces by heat-transfer area 603,604.
Coal is because the difference of the kind of carbon and characteristic differs greatly, and the combustion rate in fluidized bed is also different, and the ratio of heat that reclaims from the medium that flow and the heat that reclaims from burning gases has nothing in common with each other because of the different of carbon kind.
Therefore, it is different because of the coal kind with the suitable configuration of reclaiming the heat-transfer area that heat uses from burning gases to reclaim heat-transfer area that heat uses from the medium that flow, and therefore in the past, the design that the heat-transfer area of boiler is disposed according to the difference of carbon kind changes.In addition, do not transform boiler and change the carbon kind and will be very restricted, when wanting that the kind of carbon carried out big change, the transformation of boiler is not then had leeway.Its reason is, causes temperature to descend with respect to the heat-transfer area that absorbs the heat surplus, makes burning bad, the environmental characteristics of burning gases is worsened, otherwise when heat-transfer area is not enough, cause the rising of temperature, become the reason that fusing because of ash produces slag and produces caking because of the cohesion of mobile medium.
Disclosure of an invention
The objective of the invention is in order to solve the above problems, a kind of fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace is provided, because do not need to be provided with in addition combustion furnace, and gasification furnace and combustion furnace are one, therefore required space seldom, even the fuel that the generation of carbon such as coal is very big, also can easily control the conveying capacity of carbon, and the inaccessible problem that pipe arrangement inside can not occur, can be with simple equipment coal, and the combustion heat of carbon can be used the thermal source utilization as gasifying, can be easily and correctly carry out a layer temperature control, can not produce slag, also can use even contain the fuel of the not flammability material of indefinite shape, can adopt kind fuel widely, the efficient height, and harmful effluent is considerably less, is applicable to high-level environmental requirement.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace, does not change the configuration of the heat-transfer area of boiler, promptly need not transform boiler, is the fluid bed coal boiler of the corresponding various carbon kinds of energy.
In order to achieve the above object, the 1st scheme of the present invention, it is a kind of fluidized bed stove, it is characterized in that, is separated into the main chamber and the heat recovery chamber of gasification furnace, combustion furnace by a plurality of partition walls;
In at least one of above-mentioned gasification furnace and main chamber, form the stream that circles round of the medium that flow, between gasification furnace and main chamber, form the circular flow of mobile medium;
And then between above-mentioned heat recovery chamber and main chamber, form the circular flow of medium that flows, and in heat recovery chamber's fluidized bed, dispose heat-transfer area.
The present invention is a kind of fluidized bed stove, is provided with vaporizer, 3 parts in carbon burning chamber and heat recovery chamber that definite functions is separated by partition wall respectively in inside, and carbon burning chamber and the adjacent setting respectively of vaporizer, carbon burning chamber and heat recovery chamber.
Heat-transfer pipe in the configuration layer in heat recovery chamber often cools off the mobile medium of inside.Heat recovery chamber is vertical with partition wall between the carbon burning chamber, be substantially to above the fluidized bed above near till, near furnace bottom, be provided with peristome.Near partition wall carbon burning chamber, the formation strong liquidation zone that the medium fierceness is upwards blown of will flowing, the part of the mobile medium that upwards blown flies into heat recovery chamber.When the temperature of carbon burning stove surpasses the setting value rising, improve the decrease speed of the mobile medium of heat recovery chamber, increase flows into the amount of the carbon burning mobile medium chamber, that be cooled near the peristome the furnace bottom, thereby the temperature of carbon burning stove is descended.
Be used for the cooled flow medium and the heat energy that reclaims in heat recovery chamber, be recovered, can drive steam turbine, be used effectively with the form of steam.
The 2nd scheme of the present invention is a kind of fluidized bed stove, it is characterized in that, be divided into gasification furnace and combustion furnace by the 1st partition wall, the 1st partition wall is that the fluidized bed near surface has the opening that is interconnected in bottom and top, in above-mentioned gasification furnace, partly be provided with the air diffuser of in fluidized bed, giving different flowing velocities at siege; To state the fluidized bed of the 1st partition wall near zone,, produce the upwelling of the medium that flow as the strong liquidation zone that is endowed big flowing velocity in fact; To leave the zone of above-mentioned the 1st partition wall, as the weak liquidation zone that is endowed small flow speed in fact, the sinking of the medium that produce to flow, combustible are dropped into liquidation zone a little less than this; The part of the above-mentioned upwelling in above-mentioned strong liquidation zone, become flowing at the fluidized bed near surface towards above-mentioned weak liquidation zone, form the stream that circles round in the fluidized bed of gasification furnace, a part becomes counter-rotating stream, from the connected entrance inflow combustion furnace on above-mentioned the 1st partition wall top; Jie the above-mentioned combustion furnace of above-mentioned the 1st partition wall is arranged, and then be provided with the 2nd partition wall, so that fluidized bed partly is divided into main chamber and heat recovery chamber; Above-mentioned the 2nd partition wall is interconnected main chamber and heat recovery chamber by the connected entrance of bottom, and the upper end partly makes main chamber and being integral of heat recovery chamber at melting chamber till the fluidized bed near surface; In above-mentioned main chamber, in partly being provided with to fluidized bed, gives siege the air diffuser of different flowing velocities; Fluidized bed with above-mentioned the 1st partition wall near zone, as the weak liquidation zone that is endowed little flowing velocity in fact, and with the 2nd partition wall near zone, as the strong liquidation zone that is endowed big flowing velocity in fact, produce the sinking of the medium that flow thus in weak liquidation zone, the part of this sinking refluxes to gasification furnace from the bottom connected entrance of the 1st partition wall, produces circular flow between gasification furnace and main chamber;
Produce the upwelling of the medium that flow in strong liquidation zone, the part of this upwelling becomes flowing towards the weak liquidation zone of the 1st partition wall, also produce the stream that circles round in the main chamber fluidized bed, a part becomes counter-rotating stream, crosses the 2nd partition wall and enters heat recovery chamber; In above-mentioned heat recovery chamber, the air diffuser of giving little flowing velocity in fluidized bed in fact partly is set at siege, form weak liquidation zone, its result, crossing the mobile medium that the 2nd partition wall top enters heat recovery chamber from main chamber descends in heat recovery chamber, the bottom connected entrance that constitutes process the 2nd partition wall disposes heat-transfer area to the circular flow that main chamber refluxes in heat recovery chamber's fluidized bed.
The 2nd scheme of the present invention has following effect:
(1) be divided into gasification furnace and combustion furnace by the inside with the fluidized bed stove with the 1st partition wall, gasification function and combustion function are separated, and as a fluidized bed stove 2 functions are worked independently.
The 1st partition wall has the opening that is interconnected in the fluidized bed near surface and the bottom on top, in gasification furnace, in partly being provided with to fluidized bed, gives siege the air diffuser of different flowing velocities, with near the fluidized bed above-mentioned the 1st partition wall, as the strong liquidation zone that is endowed big flowing velocity in fact, produce the upwelling of the medium that flow; Fluidized bed with opposite side, as the weak liquidation zone that is endowed small flow speed in fact, produce the sinking of the medium that flow, its result, in fluidized bed, form the stream that circles round, in the upwelling in strong liquidation zone, the part medium that flow become counter-rotating stream, and the connected entrance by the 1st partition wall top flows into combustion furnace.
If drop into combustible in the liquidation zone a little less than this, then combustible is introduced into sinking, and the stream that circled round disperses to mix equably, obtains the sufficient time of staying, receiving portion divided combustion gasification.And the carbon that is difficult for gasification is introduced into combustion furnace by counter-rotating stream.
On the other hand, in the above-mentioned combustion furnace that the 1st partition wall opposite sides forms, also be provided with the 2nd partition wall, fluidized bed partly is divided into main chamber and heat recovery chamber; The 2nd partition wall is interconnected main chamber and heat recovery chamber by the connected entrance of bottom, and the upper end is till the fluidized bed near surface, and is in melting chamber (Off リ-ボ-De) part that main chamber and heat recovery chamber is integrated; In main chamber, in partly being provided with to fluidized bed, gives siege the air diffuser of different flowing velocities; With near the fluidized bed the connected entrance of gasification furnace in the main chamber, as the weak liquidation zone that is endowed little flowing velocity in fact, produce the sinking of the medium that flow, and be the fluidized bed of recuperation of heat chamber side with the 2nd partition wall, as the strong liquidation zone that is endowed big flowing velocity in fact, produce the upwelling of the medium that flow.
Its result, the part of upwelling become towards the flowing of weak liquidation zone, and produce the stream that circles round in the main chamber fluidized bed, and a part is crossed the 2nd partition wall inflow heat recovery chamber.Therefore be introduced into sinking in the combustion furnace from the unburned carbon of gasification furnace, the stream that circled round disperses to mix equably, obtains sufficient time of staying completing combustion.And, can finish burning and desulphurization reaction fully by dropping into auxiliary air to melting chamber.
On the other hand, the mobile medium of the part of the heat of generation by high temperature reflux to gasification furnace from the connected entrance of the 1st partition wall bottom, play a role as the part of gasification with thermal source.And the heat of another part is crossed the 2nd partition wall inflow heat recovery chamber by the mobile medium of high temperature.
In heat recovery chamber, the air diffuser of giving little flowing velocity in fluidized bed in fact partly is set at siege, form weak liquidation zone, crossing the mobile medium that the 2nd partition wall top enters the high temperature of heat recovery chamber from main chamber descends in heat recovery chamber, constitute the circular flow of the bottom connected entrance of process the 2nd partition wall, reclaim heat by configuration heat-transfer area in heat recovery chamber's fluidized bed to the main chamber backflow.
Because heat recovery chamber is weak liquidation zone, the wearing and tearing of the interior heat-transfer pipe of layer are few, can use silicon sand as mobile medium, and the use amount of lime stone so the discharge rate of ash is few, is of value to environment so long as the required minimum degree of desulphurization reaction gets final product.In addition, in gasification furnace and combustion furnace, common scope at 650～950 ℃ gasifies or burns.
(2) even contain non-flame properties unsetting material in the combustible that drops into, because the direction of the stream that circles round in the fluidized bed is consistent with the discharge direction of incombustible, and siege is also towards the inclination of incombustible outlet, so incombustible can easily be discharged.
(3) by the 1st partition wall and the 2nd partition wall are formed the inclined plane of toppling over to strong liquidation zone, can help changing the direction of upwelling, form the stream that circles round, and form vertical plane by weak liquidation area side rearward, sinking can not stop, and forms smooth sinking.
(4) by introducing melting furnace respectively and collaborate with the generation gas of gasification furnace with from the waste gas that combustion furnace takes out, with the imflammable gas that contained in the waste gas with contain the particulate of combustible component at the high-temp combustion more than 1200 ℃, make grey fractional melting, can prevent the pyrolytic of pernicious gas composition, melt as the fusing of the ash of discarded object and heavy metal kind.
(5) be withstand voltage structure by making fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace of the present invention, or be built in pressure vessel, under the condition more than the atmospheric pressure, turn round, and the waste gas that takes out collected respectively, introduce steam turbine then, can generating efficiency be increased substantially with the steam turbine inlet temperature in running more than 1300 ℃.
Supply with fuel to gasification furnace, partial combustion is gasified, will be in the unburned carbon that produces etc. with generate the part that gas accompanies, in being arranged at the gas quench system of back segment, be cooled to below 600 ℃, for example will cause the alkalinous metal of Na, K etc. of reason of the high temperature corrosion of steam turbine blade (blade) to solidify or in the particle surface immobilization, after this particle collected with precipitron, introduce combustion furnace and make it completing combustion.
After the burnt gas of combustion furnace is discharged from pressure vessel, in being arranged on the gas quench system of back, be cooled to below 600 ℃,, then this particle is collected and discharged with precipitron with the alkalinous metal curing of Na, K etc. or in the particle surface immobilization by this cooling.
To cause Na, the K of the reason of high temperature corrosion to remove, become pure burnt gas, become pure generation gas by control of dust after will coming out from above-mentioned gasification furnace 3 and introduce steam turbine,, drive steam turbine expeditiously at the high-temp combustion more than 1300 ℃.Steam turbine drive compression machine, generator.
On the other hand, when combustible uses coal, mixes with lime stone or supply with, make it produce desulfuration in furnace and react with other approach.Be about to hydrogen sulfide H in the gasification furnace generation
2S and CaO produce desulphurization reaction, become CaS, accompany with generation gas, collect with precipitron, drop into main chamber.And, will comprise unburned carbon and CaS etc. and introduce main chamber by from the counter-rotating stream of gasification furnace through the connected entrance on the 1st partition wall top.Completing combustion in the environment of oxygen, CaS becomes CaSO
4, accompany with burnt gas, collect with precipitron, and be discharged from.
The 3rd scheme of the present invention, it is a kind of fluidized bed stove, it is characterized in that, be divided into gasification furnace and combustion furnace by the 1st partition wall, the 1st partition wall is that the fluidized bed near surface has the opening that is interconnected in bottom and top, in above-mentioned gasification furnace, partly be provided with the air diffuser of in fluidized bed, giving different flowing velocities at siege; With near the mobile part above-mentioned the 1st partition wall,, produce the upwelling of the medium that flow as the strong liquidation zone that is endowed big flowing velocity in fact; In the zone of leaving above-mentioned the 1st partition wall, as the weak liquidation zone that is endowed small flow speed in fact, the sinking of the medium that produce to flow, combustible are dropped into liquidation zone a little less than this;
The part of the upwelling in above-mentioned strong liquidation zone becomes flowing towards above-mentioned weak liquidation zone at the fluidized bed near surface, in the fluidized bed of gasification furnace, form the stream that circles round, a part becomes counter-rotating stream, from the connected entrance inflow combustion furnace on above-mentioned the 1st partition wall top; In above-mentioned combustion furnace, partly be provided with the air diffuser of in fluidized bed, giving different flowing velocities at siege; Zone that will be very near apart from the 1st partition wall of above-mentioned gasification furnace as the weak liquidation zone that is endowed little flowing velocity in fact, produces the sinking of the medium that flow; In the zone of leaving above-mentioned the 1st partition wall, as the strong liquidation zone that is endowed big flowing velocity in fact, produce the upwelling of the medium that flow, in fluidized bed, form the stream that circles round, its result, flow into the mobile medium of combustion furnace through partition wall top from gasification furnace, by the stream that circles round in the combustion furnace, to descend in the fluidized bed, the do not gasify carbon burning of composition, the part of the mobile medium of high temperature refluxes to gasification furnace from the connected entrance of the 1st partition wall bottom near furnace bottom, and the thermal source that gasifies as the thermal decomposition of gasification furnace is had an effect thus.
In the gasification furnace of the 3rd scheme of the present invention, partly be provided with the air diffuser of in fluidized bed, giving different flowing velocities at siege; With near the mobile part the 1st partition wall,, produce the upwelling of the medium that flow as the strong liquidation zone that is endowed big flowing velocity in fact; With the fluidized bed of opposite side,, produce the sinking of the medium that flow as the weak liquidation zone that is endowed small flow speed in fact.Its result forms the stream that circles round in fluidized bed, a part flows medium as counter-rotating stream in the upwelling in strong liquidation zone, flows into combustion furnace by the 1st partition wall top connected entrance.
If drop into combustible in the liquidation zone a little less than this, then combustible is introduced into sinking, and the stream that circled round disperses to mix equably, obtains the sufficient time of staying, receiving portion divided combustion gasification.And the carbon that is difficult for gasification is introduced into combustion furnace by counter-rotating stream.
On the other hand, in the combustion furnace that the opposite sides with the 1st partition wall forms, partly be provided with the air diffuser of in fluidized bed, giving different flowing velocities at siege; In the very near zone of the 1st partition wall of the above-mentioned gasification furnace of distance,, produce the sinking of the medium that flow as the weak liquidation zone that is endowed little flowing velocity in fact; The zone of above-mentioned the 1st partition wall will be left, as the strong liquidation zone that is endowed big flowing velocity in fact, produce the upwelling of the medium that flow, its result, the part of upwelling becomes towards the flowing of weak liquidation zone, and produces the stream that circles round in the fluidized bed of combustion furnace.Flow into the mobile medium of combustion furnace through partition wall top from gasification furnace, by the stream that circles round in the combustion furnace, to descend in the fluidized bed, the do not gasify carbon burning of composition, the part of the mobile medium of high temperature refluxes to gasification furnace from the connected entrance of the 1st partition wall bottom near furnace bottom, and the thermal source that gasifies as the thermal decomposition of gasification furnace is had an effect thus.
In order to produce the thermal decomposition gasification of fuel, need heat energy, under the situation of coal gasification, utilize the heat energy that the coal burning is obtained usually.Therefore,, suppress the generation of tar, need high temperatureization, and be to be converted into the coal of gas originally as far as possible under the existing situation in burning lavishly in order to improve gasification efficiency.
In the 3rd scheme of the present invention, as mentioned above, because the combustion heat of the carbon of the composition that will not gasify refluxes to gasification furnace by the temperature flowing medium, the part of this heat can be saved the burning of coal.Its result can reduce the input amount of air, improves gasification efficiency, increases the heat that the gas of unit volume produces.
The 4th scheme of the present invention, it is a kind of fluidized bed stove, it is characterized in that be divided into the gasification furnace of drum and the combustion furnace of the annular that forms around it by the 1st concentric partition wall, the 1st partition wall has the opening that is interconnected in the fluidized bed near surface and the bottom on top; In the gasification furnace of the drum that above-mentioned the 1st partition wall is surrounded, partly be provided with the air diffuser of in fluidized bed, giving different flowing velocities at siege; Near the fluidized bed of the cylindric scope the center as the weak liquidation zone that is endowed small flow speed in fact, produces the sinking of the medium that flow; The fluidized bed of the annular scope of close above-mentioned the 1st partition wall, as the strong liquidation zone that is endowed big flowing velocity in fact, produce the upwelling of the medium that flow, a part flows into combustion furnace by the connected entrance on above-mentioned the 1st partition wall top, a part is as flowing towards the weak liquidation zone of central authorities, form the stream that circles round in the fluidized bed of gasification furnace, combustible is dropped into liquidation zone a little less than this; In the circular combustion furnace in above-mentioned the 1st partition wall outside, along radial direction the 2nd partition wall is set, fluidized bed partly is divided into a plurality of main chambers, heat recovery chamber.Above-mentioned the 2nd partition wall is interconnected main chamber and heat recovery chamber by the connected entrance of bottom, and the upper end is till the fluidized bed near surface, and is in the melting chamber part, that main chamber and heat recovery chamber is integrated; In above-mentioned main chamber, partly be provided with the air diffuser of in fluidized bed, giving different flowing velocities at siege; Be positioned at the central portion of above-mentioned main chamber, with near the fluidized bed the connected entrance of gasification furnace, as the weak liquidation zone that is endowed little flowing velocity in fact, produce the sinking of the medium that flow, a part refluxes to gasification furnace through the bottom connected entrance of the 1st partition wall, a part becomes the strong liquidation zone that is endowed big flowing velocity in fact of the 2nd partition wall side, and become upwelling in this strong liquidation zone, its result, in the main chamber fluidized bed, produce the stream that circles round, the part of upwelling is crossed the 2nd partition wall top becomes counter-rotating stream, enter heat recovery chamber, in above-mentioned heat recovery chamber, the air diffuser of giving little flowing velocity in fluidized bed in fact partly is set at siege, form weak liquidation zone, cross the mobile medium that the 2nd partition wall top enters heat recovery chamber from main chamber and descend, constitute bottom connected entrance through the 2nd partition wall, in heat recovery chamber's fluidized bed, dispose heat-transfer area to the circular flow that main chamber refluxes in heat recovery chamber.
In the 4th scheme of the present invention, the inside of fluidized bed stove is divided into the circular combustion furnace of gasification furnace cylindraceous and formation around it with the 1st concentric partition wall, thereby gasification function is separated with combustion function, can independently carry out the work of 2 functions simultaneously with a fluidized bed stove.
The 1st partition wall has the opening that is interconnected in the fluidized bed near surface and the bottom on top; In the gasification furnace of the drum that above-mentioned the 1st partition wall is surrounded, partly be provided with the air diffuser of in fluidized bed, giving different flowing velocities at siege; With near the fluidized bed of the cylindric scope the center,, produce the sinking of the medium that flow as the weak liquidation zone that is endowed small flow speed in fact; The fluidized bed of the annular scope of close above-mentioned the 1st partition wall as the strong liquidation zone that is endowed big flowing velocity in fact, produces the upwelling of the medium that flow.Its result forms the stream that circles round in fluidized bed, the mobile medium of a part flow into combustion furnace as counter-rotating stream by the 1st partition wall top connected entrance.
If drop into combustible in the liquidation zone a little less than this, then combustible is introduced into sinking, and the stream that circled round disperses to mix equably, obtains the sufficient time of staying, the effect of receiving portion divided combustion gasification.And the carbon that is difficult for gasification is introduced into combustion furnace by counter-rotating stream.
On the other hand, in the circular combustion furnace in the 1st partition wall outside, the 2nd partition wall is set, fluidized bed partly is divided into a plurality of main chambers, heat recovery chamber along radial direction.Above-mentioned the 2nd partition wall is interconnected main chamber and heat recovery chamber by the connected entrance of bottom, and the upper end is till the fluidized bed near surface, and is in the melting chamber part, that main chamber and heat recovery chamber is integrated; In above-mentioned main chamber, partly be provided with the air diffuser of in fluidized bed, giving different flowing velocities at siege; Be positioned at the central portion of above-mentioned main chamber, with near the connected entrance of gasification furnace fluidized bed as the weak liquidation zone that is endowed little flowing velocity in fact, produce the sinking of the medium that flow, a part refluxes to gasification furnace through the bottom connected entrance of the 1st partition wall, a part becomes the strong liquidation zone that is endowed big flowing velocity in fact of the 2nd partition wall side, and become upwelling in this strong liquidation zone, a part becomes flowing towards weak liquidation zone, in the main chamber fluidized bed, produce the stream that circles round, a part is crossed the 2nd partition wall, flows into heat recovery chamber.Its result is introduced into sinking from the unburned carbon of gasification furnace, and the stream that circled round disperses to mix equably, obtains the sufficient time of staying, by dropping into auxiliary air to melting chamber, can burn fully and desulphurization reaction in addition.
On the other hand, the mobile medium of the part of the heat of generation by high temperature reflux to gasification furnace from the connected entrance of the 1st partition wall bottom, have an effect with thermal source as gasification.And another part heat is crossed the 2nd partition wall by the mobile medium of high temperature, is brought to heat recovery chamber.
In above-mentioned heat recovery chamber, the air diffuser of giving little flowing velocity in fluidized bed in fact partly is set at siege, form weak liquidation zone, crossing the mobile medium that the 2nd partition wall top enters heat recovery chamber from main chamber descends in heat recovery chamber, constitute the circular flow of the bottom connected entrance of process the 2nd partition wall, reclaim heat by configuration heat-transfer area in heat recovery chamber's fluidized bed to the main chamber backflow.
Because heat recovery chamber is weak liquidation zone, the wearing and tearing of the interior heat-transfer pipe of layer are few, can use silicon sand as mobile medium, and the use amount of lime stone is so long as the required minimum degree of desulphurization reaction gets final product, and the discharge rate of ash is few, is of value to environment.In addition, in gasification furnace and combustion furnace, gasify or burn 650～950 ℃ scopes.
The 4th scheme of the present invention has the cited effect in (2)～(5) in the 2nd scheme.
The 5th scheme of the present invention, it is a kind of fluidized bed stove, it is characterized in that, be divided into the gasification furnace of drum and the combustion furnace of the annular that forms around it by the 1st concentric partition wall, the 1st partition wall has the opening that is interconnected in the fluidized bed near surface and the bottom on top, in the gasification furnace of the drum that above-mentioned the 1st partition wall is surrounded, partly be provided with the air diffuser of in fluidized bed, giving different flowing velocities at siege; With near the fluidized bed of the cylindric scope the center,, produce the sinking of the medium that flow as the weak liquidation zone that is endowed small flow speed in fact; The fluidized bed of the annular scope of close above-mentioned the 1st partition wall, as the strong liquidation zone that is endowed big flowing velocity in fact, produce the upwelling of the medium that flow, a part flows into combustion furnace by the connected entrance on above-mentioned the 1st partition wall top, a part is as flowing towards the weak liquidation zone of central authorities, form the stream that circles round in the fluidized bed of gasification furnace, combustible is dropped into liquidation zone a little less than this; In above-mentioned combustion furnace, partly be provided with the air diffuser of in fluidized bed, giving different flowing velocities at siege; With the 1st partition wall near zone of above-mentioned gasification furnace,, produce the sinking of the medium that flow as the weak liquidation zone that is endowed little flowing velocity in fact; The zone of the 1st partition wall will be left, as the strong liquidation zone that is endowed big flowing velocity in fact, produce the upwelling of the medium that flow, flow into the mobile medium of combustion furnace through the connected entrance on partition wall top from gasification furnace, make in the fluidized bed and descend, the do not gasify carbon burning of composition, the part of the mobile medium of high temperature refluxes to gasification furnace from the connected entrance of the 1st partition wall bottom near furnace bottom, has an effect as the thermal source of the thermal decomposition gasification of gasification furnace thus.
In the 5th scheme of the present invention, in the gasification furnace of the drum that the 1st partition wall is surrounded, partly be provided with the air diffuser of in fluidized bed, giving different flowing velocities at siege; Near the fluidized bed of the cylindric scope the center produces the sinking of the medium that flow as the weak liquidation zone of giving small flow speed in fact; The fluidized bed of the annular scope of close above-mentioned the 1st partition wall produces the upwelling of the medium that flow as the strong liquidation zone of giving big flowing velocity in fact.Its result forms the stream that circles round in fluidized bed, the mobile medium of a part flow into combustion furnace as counter-rotating stream by the 1st partition wall top connected entrance.
If drop into combustible in the liquidation zone a little less than this, then combustible is introduced into sinking, and the stream that circled round disperses to mix equably, obtains the sufficient time of staying, the effect of receiving portion divided combustion gasification.And the carbon that is difficult for gasification is introduced into combustion furnace by counter-rotating stream.
On the other hand, in the circular combustion furnace in the 1st partition wall outside, partly be provided with the air diffuser of in fluidized bed, giving different flowing velocities at siege; The 1st partition wall near zone of above-mentioned gasification furnace as the weak liquidation zone of giving little flowing velocity in fact, is produced the sinking of the medium that flow; The zone of leaving the 1st partition wall as the strong liquidation zone of giving big flowing velocity in fact, is produced the upwelling of the medium that flow.Flow into the mobile medium of combustion furnace through the connected entrance on partition wall top from gasification furnace, make in the fluidized bed and descend, the do not gasify carbon burning of composition, the part of the mobile medium of high temperature refluxes to gasification furnace from the connected entrance of the 1st partition wall bottom near furnace bottom, and the thermal source that gasifies as the thermal decomposition of gasification furnace is had an effect thus.
In order to produce the thermal decomposition gasification of fuel, need heat energy, under the situation of coal gasification, utilize the heat energy that the coal burning is obtained usually.Therefore, in order to improve gasification efficiency, suppressing the generation of tar, need high temperatureization, is the coal not burning lavishly as far as possible that be converted into gas under existing situation.
In the 5th scheme of the present invention, as mentioned above, because the combustion heat of the carbon of the composition that will not gasify refluxes to gasification furnace by the temperature flowing medium, the part of this heat can be saved the burning of coal.Its result can reduce the input amount of air, improves gasification efficiency, increases the heat that the gas of unit volume produces.
The simple declaration of accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the profilograph of an embodiment of fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the profilograph of another embodiment of fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the plane of another embodiment of fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the system diagram of the employed fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace of the present invention of combination of waste heat boiler and steam turbine.
Fig. 5 is the system diagram with when running under the pressure condition of fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace more than atmospheric pressure of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the profilograph of an embodiment of the fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace of cylinder type of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of the fluidized bed horizontal profile partly of Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is the ideograph of fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace of the employed cylinder type of the present invention of combination of waste heat boiler and steam turbine.
Fig. 9 is the ideograph of the system with when running under the pressure condition of fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace more than atmospheric pressure of the present invention.
Figure 10 is the profile of the detailed structure of the 1st partition wall of the present invention and the 2nd partition wall.
Figure 11 is the profilograph of the fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace of cylinder type.
Figure 12 is the schematic diagram of the horizontal profile of fluidized bed part.
Figure 13 is the profilograph of embodiment of a kind of The normal pressure fluidized bed coal boiler of fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace of the present invention.
Figure 14 is the ideograph of existing pressure combustion stove upper strata circulation.
Figure 15 is the figure of the relation of expression pyroconductivity of heat-transfer pipe and flow mass speed.
Figure 16 is the concise and to the point figure of existing fluid bed coal boiler.
Most preferred embodiment of the present invention:
Fig. 1 is the profilograph of fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace of the present invention.The horizontal profile of the fluidized bed stove 1 of present embodiment is roughly rectangle.As shown in Figure 1, the inside of fluidized bed stove 1 is divided into gasification furnace 3 and combustion furnace 4 by the 1st partition wall 2.The 1st partition wall 2 is provided with top connected entrance 37, bottom connected entrance 38, and gasification furnace 3 and combustion furnace 4 are interconnected.Gasification furnace 3 is provided with gas discharge outlet 49, and the gas 50 of generation is discharged from this gas discharge outlet 49.
On the other hand, combustion furnace 4 and then be divided into main chamber 6 and heat recovery chamber 7 by the 2nd partition wall 5.But, be not separated up, in the melting chamber part, main chamber and heat recovery chamber are integrated, and burnt gas separately becomes burnt gas 52 after the melting chamber part is mixed, be discharged from the outside from gas discharge outlet 51.Be embedded with heat-transfer area 46 in heat recovery chamber 7, can reclaim heat from the medium that flow.And be provided with bottom connected entrance 40 at the 2nd partition wall 5, can carry out mutually the moving of mobile medium of main chamber 6 and heat recovery chamber 7 with upper opening portion 39 together.
Owing to there are 2 different liquidation zones in the fluidized bed of gasification furnace 3, mobile medium are created in the stream that circles round that weak liquidation zone 41 descends, rises in strong liquidation zone 42.
On the other hand, in combustion furnace 4, form siege 29,30, be provided with bellows 10,11 in the bottom of siege 29,30 in the bottom of main chamber 6.The gas 20,21 that flows is introduced into bellows 10,11 by connector 15,16 respectively.On the other hand, siege 29,30 is respectively equipped with air diffuser 34,35.From air diffuser 34, giving low flowing velocity in fact, and the ejection flowing gas, its result forms weak liquidation zone 43 above siege 29.From air diffuser 35 giving high flowing velocity in fact, and ejection flowing gas, its result forms strong liquidation zone 44 above siege 30.
Owing to there are 2 different liquidation zones in the fluidized bed of gasification furnace 6, mobile medium are created in weak liquidation zone 43 and descend, the stream that circles round that rises in strong liquidation zone 44.
On the other hand, also form siege 31, be provided with bellows 12 in the bottom of siege 31 in the bottom of heat recovery chamber 7.Flowing gas 22 is introduced into bellows 12 by connector 17.Be provided with air diffuser 36 at siege 31.From air diffuser 36, giving low flowing velocity in fact, and the ejection flowing gas, its result forms weak liquidation zone 45 above siege 31.
As mentioned above, the liquidation zone combination by a plurality of flowing velocities are different produces following flowing.
That is, in the fluidized bed of gasification furnace 3,, flow medium carrying on sinking 55 and descend in weak liquidation zone 41.And near siege 27, transfer to towards the horizontal flow 56 in strong liquidation zone, become upwelling 57 again in strong liquidation zone 42.On the other hand, upwelling 57 is at the fluidized bed near surface, is decomposed into to flow 58 and through the connected entrance 37 of the 1st partition wall 2 counter-rotating stream 59 towards combustion furnace 4 towards weak liquidation zone 41.
Therefore, the stream that circles round that be formed on 41 declines of weak liquidation zone in the fluidized bed inside of gasification furnace 3, rises in strong liquidation zone 42, and the mobile medium of a part are introduced into main chamber 6 by the connected entrance 37 on the 1st partition wall top.
On the other hand, owing in main chamber 6, above siege 29, also form weak liquidation zone 43, above siege 30, form strong liquidation zone 44, therefore in the fluidized bed of main chamber 6,, flow medium carrying sinking 60 and descend in weak liquidation zone 43.Near siege 29, a part becomes by the backflow 67 of the bottom connected entrance 38 of the 1st partition wall 2 returns gasification furnace 3, and all the other then become towards the horizontal flow 61 in strong liquidation zone 44, in strong liquidation zone 44 and then become upwelling 62.On the other hand, upwelling 62 is at the fluidized bed near surface, be decomposed into towards weak liquidation zone 43 flow 63 and upper opening portion 39 by the 2nd partition wall 5 towards the counter-rotating stream 64 of heat recovery chamber 7.
Therefore, be formed on the gyration airflow that weak liquidation zone 43 descends, rises in strong liquidation zone 44 in the fluidized bed inside of combustion furnace 4, and the top that the mobile medium of a part are crossed the 2nd partition wall 5 is introduced into heat recovery chamber 7.
On the other hand, in heat recovery chamber 7, owing to form weak liquidation zone 45, produce sinking 65, the medium that flow return main chamber 6 by the effect through the backflow 66 of the bottom connected entrance 40 of the 2nd partition wall 5.In the fluidized bed of the heat recovery chamber 7 of the main chamber 6 of gasification furnace 3, combustion furnace 4, combustion furnace 4, form inner circle round stream and mutual circular flow respectively like this.
Therefore, when above the weak liquidation zone 41 of gasification furnace 3, combustible input port 47 being set, and when combustible 48 dropped into, be lowered by the fluidized bed inside that stream 55 is introduced gasification furnaces 3, disperseed equably to mix, partial combustion and being gasified by circling round stream.Supply with the oxygen content of the siege flowing gas partly of gasification furnace 3, be set to respect to below the required oxygen of the theory burning of the combustible 48 that is dropped into.This flowing gas is any or the combination more than two in them in air, water vapour, oxygen or the burnt gas.
On the other hand, the mobile medium that comprise unburned carbon are introduced into main chamber 6 by counter-rotating stream 59, and are lowered by in the stream 60 introducing fluidized beds, are disperseed to mix completing combustion in oxygen atmosphere equably by circling round stream.As shown in Figure 1, above weak liquidation zone 43, fuel input port 68 is set as required, can supplies with auxiliary fuel 69.
In addition, be provided with a plurality of nozzles 53, can introduce auxiliary air 54 as required, make its completing combustion at melting chamber.
The heat that in the main chamber 6 of combustion furnace 4, produces by burning, a part is by the backflow 67 of the bottom connected entrance 38 that passes through the 1st partition wall 2, be introduced into gasification furnace 3, become the gasification thermal source, another part enters heat recovery chamber 7 as the counter-rotating stream 64 of crossing the 2nd partition wall top 39, after becoming sinking 65, by return the mobile medium circular flow of main chamber 6 from the 2nd partition wall bottom connected entrance 40, be transported to heat recovery chamber 7, got the outside by heat-transfer area 46.
For the energy of the combustible that is dropped into like this, its part becomes gas, be removed as chemical energy, and the composition that is difficult to gasify can be by high efficiency recovery effectively as heat energy.
In addition, in the combustible that drops into, sneak into a lot of not combusting components.Therefore, in the present embodiment, between the siege 29 of the siege 28 of gasification furnace 3 and combustion furnace 4, be provided with incombustible outlet 23, incombustible 25 is discharged from this outlet 23.When in auxiliary fuel 69, sneaking into incombustible, as present embodiment, can between the siege 31 of the siege 30 of main chamber 6 and heat recovery chamber 7, be provided with incombustible outlet 24, incombustible 25 is discharged from this outlet 24.For the discharge that makes incombustible is easy, each siege is exported towards incombustible, become the decline inclined plane.Constitute the 1st partition wall 2 on the border of gasification furnace 3 and combustion furnace 4, form to the inclined plane 2a that the gasification furnace inclination is fallen, and be vertical plane in the burning furnace side in the gasification furnace side.In combustion furnace 4, constitute the 2nd partition wall 5 on the border of main chamber 6 and heat recovery chamber 7, form to the inclined plane 5a that the main chamber inclination is fallen in the main chamber side, and be vertical plane in heat recovery chamber's side.In addition, above-mentioned inclined plane 2a, 5a also can be vertical plane.
Fig. 2 is another profilograph of fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace of the present invention.As shown in Figure 2, the inside of fluidized bed stove 1 is divided into gasification furnace 3 and combustion furnace 4 by the 1st partition wall 2.The 1st partition wall 2 is provided with top connected entrance 37, bottom connected entrance 38, and gasification furnace 3 and combustion furnace 4 are interconnected.The 1st partition wall 2 that constitutes the border of gasification furnace 3 and combustion furnace 4 can have the inclined plane identical with the 1st embodiment, also can be vertical plane.The 2nd partition wall 5 too.Gasification furnace 3 is provided with gas discharge outlet 49, and the gas 50 of generation is discharged from this gas discharge outlet 49.
On the other hand, combustion furnace 4 and then be divided into main chamber 6 and heat recovery chamber 7 by the 2nd partition wall 5.But, be not separated up, in the melting chamber part, main chamber and heat recovery chamber are integrated, and burnt gas separately becomes burnt gas after the melting chamber part is mixed, be discharged from the outside from gas discharge outlet 51.Be embedded with heat-transfer area 46 in heat recovery chamber 7, can reclaim heat from the medium that flow.And be provided with bottom connected entrance 40 at the 2nd partition wall 5, can carry out mutually the moving of mobile medium of main chamber 6 and heat recovery chamber 7 with upper opening portion 39 together.
Owing to there are 2 different liquidation zones in the fluidized bed of gasification furnace 3, the medium that flow are above-mentioned at strong liquidation zone 41a, and zone 42a produces the stream that circles round that descends in weak liquidation.
On the other hand, in combustion furnace 4, form siege 29,30,130a, be provided with bellows 10,11,111a in the bottom of siege 29,30,130a in the bottom of main chamber 6.Gas 20a, the 27a, the 21a that flow are introduced into bellows 10,11,111a by connector 15,16,116a respectively.On the other hand, siege 29,30,130a are respectively equipped with air diffuser 34,35,135a.From air diffuser 34,35, giving high flowing velocity in fact, and the ejection flowing gas, its result forms strong liquidation regional 162a, 62a above siege 29,30.From air diffuser 135a, giving low flowing velocity in fact, and the ejection flowing gas, its result forms the regional 43a of weak liquidation above siege 130a.
Owing to there are 2 different liquidation zones in the fluidized bed of main chamber 6, liquidation zone 44a descended a little less than mobile medium were created in, at the stream that circles round of strong liquidation zone 43a, 43a rising.
On the other hand, also form siege 31, be provided with bellows 12 in the bottom of siege 31 in the bottom of heat recovery chamber 7.Flowing gas 22 is introduced into bellows 12 by connector 17.Be provided with air diffuser 36 at siege 31.From air diffuser 36, giving low flowing velocity in fact, and the ejection flowing gas, its result forms weak liquidation zone 45 above siege 31.
As mentioned above, the liquidation zone combination by a plurality of flowing velocities are different produces following flowing.
That is, in the fluidized bed of gasification furnace 3,, flow medium carrying on sinking 57a and descend at weak liquidation zone 42a.And near siege 28, transfer to towards the horizontal flow 56a of strong liquidation zone 41a, zone 42a becomes upwelling 55a in strong liquidation.On the other hand, sinking 57a is decomposed into the counter-rotating stream 60a towards the mobile 56a of strong liquidation zone 41a and the connected entrance 38 by the 1st partition wall 2 towards combustion furnace 4 directions near siege 28.
Therefore, be formed on the stream that circles round that weak liquidation zone 42a descends, rises at strong liquidation zone 41a in the fluidized bed inside of gasification furnace 3, and the part medium that flow pass through the connected entrance 38 on the 1st partition wall top, are introduced into main chamber 6.
On the other hand, owing in main chamber 6, above siege 29,30, also form strong liquidation zone 43a, above siege 130a, form weak liquidation zone 44a, therefore in the fluidized bed of main chamber 6,, flow medium carrying sinking 70a and descend at weak liquidation zone 44a.At the fluidized bed near surface, the counter-rotating stream 59a that a part becomes by the top connected entrance 37 of the 1st partition wall 2 returns gasification furnace 3, remainder then becomes towards the horizontal flow 171a of weak liquidation zone 44a, and zone 44a becomes sinking 70a again in weak liquidation.On the other hand, upwelling 62a is decomposed into towards the mobile 71a of weak liquidation zone 44a with by the upper opening portion 39 of the 2nd partition wall 5 and flows 64 towards the counter-rotating of heat recovery chamber 7 at the fluidized bed near surface.
Therefore, be formed on the gyration airflow that weak liquidation zone 44a descends, rises at strong liquidation zone 43a in the fluidized bed inside of the main chamber 6 of combustion furnace 4, and the top that the mobile medium of a part are crossed the 2nd partition wall 5, be introduced into heat recovery chamber 7, the mobile medium of another part are introduced into vaporizer 3 by the top connected entrance 37 of the 1st partition wall 2.
On the other hand, in heat recovery chamber 7, owing to form weak liquidation zone 45, produce sinking 65, the medium that flow return main chamber 6 by the effect through the backflow 66 of the bottom connected entrance 40 of the 2nd partition wall 5.In the fluidized bed of the main chamber 6 of gasification furnace 3, combustion furnace 4, form inner circle round stream and mutual circular flow respectively like this.In the heat recovery chamber 7 of combustion chamber 4, form inner sinking and the circular flow between main chamber 6.
Therefore,, when combustible 48 is dropped into, be lowered by the fluidized bed inside that stream 57a introduces gasification furnace 3, disperseed equably to mix, gasified after the partial combustion by circling round stream when above the 42a of the weak liquidation zone of gasification furnace 3, combustible input port 47 being set.Supply with the oxygen content of the siege flowing gas partly of gasification furnace 3, be set to respect to below the required oxygen of the theory burning of the combustible 48 that is dropped into.This flowing gas is any in air, water vapour, oxygen or the burnt gas, or the combination more than two kinds in them.
On the other hand, the mobile medium that comprise unburned carbon are introduced into main chamber 6 by counter-rotating stream 60a, are disperseed to mix completing combustion in oxygen atmosphere equably by circling round stream.As shown in Figure 2, fuel input port 68 is set above main chamber 6 as required, can supplies with auxiliary fuel 69.
In addition, can be provided with a plurality of nozzles 53, introduce auxiliary air 54 as required, make its completing combustion at melting chamber.
The heat that in the main chamber 6 of combustion furnace 4, produces by burning, a part is by the counter-rotating stream 59a of the top connected entrance 37 that passes through the 1st partition wall 2, be introduced into gasification furnace 3, become the gasification thermal source, another part enters heat recovery chamber 7 as the counter-rotating stream 64 of crossing the 2nd partition wall top 39, after becoming sinking 65, by return the circular flow of the mobile medium of main chamber 6 from the 2nd partition wall bottom connected entrance 40, be transported to heat recovery chamber 7, got the outside by heat-transfer area 46.
For the energy of the combustible that is dropped into like this, its part becomes gas, be removed as chemical energy, and the composition that is difficult to gasify can be reclaimed effectively expeditiously as heat energy.
In addition, in the combustible that drops into, sneak into a lot of not combusting components.Therefore, in the present embodiment, between the siege 29 of the siege 28 of gasification furnace 3 and combustion furnace 4, be provided with incombustible outlet 23, incombustible 25 is discharged from this outlet 23.When in auxiliary fuel 69, sneaking into incombustible, as present embodiment, between the siege 31 of the siege 30 of main chamber 6 and heat recovery chamber 7, be provided with incombustible outlet 24, incombustible 26 is discharged from this outlet 24.For the discharge that makes incombustible is easy, each siege is exported towards incombustible, become the decline inclined plane.
Fig. 3 is another embodiment of fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace illustrated in figures 1 and 2.In embodiment illustrated in figures 1 and 2, on each horizontal profile, the gasification furnace 3 of rectangle, main chamber 6, heat recovery chamber 7 point-blank dispose, and in the embodiment shown in fig. 3, are the examples that at right angles makes up.Fig. 3 represents the horizontal sectional drawing of fluidized bed combustion gasification stove of the present invention, and the 1st partition wall 2 is divided into gasification furnace 3 and combustion furnace 4 with the inside of fluidized bed stove 1.
On the other hand, combustion furnace 4 and then be divided into main chamber 6 and heat recovery chamber 7 by the 2nd partition wall 5, but different with the embodiment of Fig. 1 be, the 1st partition wall 2 and the 2nd partition wall 5 be on same plane, and gasification furnace 3 and heat recovery chamber 7 are separated by the 3rd partition wall 70 and adjacent.But the 3rd partition wall 70 does not have peristome, is separated fully.
For fluidized bed, with the embodiment of Fig. 1 similarly, by forming the zone of different flowing velocities, in the fluidized bed of gasification furnace 3, be formed on weak liquidation zone 41 and descend, the circular flow that rises in strong liquidation zone 42, a part becomes counter-rotating stream, shifts to main chamber 6.
On the other hand, in main chamber 6, be formed on the circular flow that weak liquidation zone 43 descends, rises in strong liquidation zone 44 equally, a part becomes counter-rotating stream 64, shift to heat recovery chamber 7, but different with the embodiment of Fig. 1 is that the face of circling round of the face that circles round of the circular flow of main chamber 6 and the circular flow of gasification furnace 3 meets at right angles.And the face that circles round of the circular flow in the face that circles round of the circular flow between main chamber 6 and the heat recovery chamber 7 and the main chamber 6 also meets at right angles.By such structure, the more approaching square of horizontal profile shape of fluidized bed stove 1 has the advantage of making on last and the factory's formation.
Fig. 4 is the embodiment of the employed fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace of the present invention of combination of waste heat boiler and steam turbine.As shown in Figure 4, the generation gas of discharging from the gas discharge outlet 49 of gasification furnace 3, from the burnt gas that the gas discharge outlet 51 of combustion furnace 4 is discharged is introduced into fusing combustion furnace 101, is blown into the primary zone 102 of cylinder type along tangent direction (tangential direction).In primary zone 102 and secondary combustion chamber 103, be supplied to auxiliary fuel 104 as required, and be blown into oxygen, air or their mist, 1200 ℃～burning more than 1500 ℃.Its result, ash is melted, and the harmful substance of dioxin and PCB etc. at high temperature is decomposed.Fusing ash 106 cools off rapidly at hydroecium 107 after discharging from outlet 105, becomes slag (slag) 108 and is discharged from.
On the other hand, the burning gases of the high temperature of discharging from fusing combustion furnace 101 are cooled off successively at waste heat boiler 109, waste gas economizer (economizer) 110, air preheater 111, through precipitron 112, guiding pressure fan 113, discharge in atmosphere.From the burning gases that air preheater 111 is discharged, before precipitron 112, add the nertralizer 114 of calcium hydroxide etc. as required.
On the other hand, boiler feedwater 116 becomes superheated steam 121 through waste gas economizer 110 at waste heat boiler 109, drives steam turbine.Burning is oxygen, air or their mist with gas 115, is heated at air preheater 111, is supplied to the melting chamber of fusing combustion furnace 101 and combustion furnace 4.Can also use flowing gas 18～22 (not shown).Press or the low pressure turbine in the steam drive that heat-transfer pipe 46 obtains in layer.
The ash 117,118 of discharging from waste heat boiler 109, waste gas economizer 110, air preheater 111 can return combustion furnace 4, this not special in the drawings expression.
On the other hand, the flying dust 119 in that precipitron 112 is collected under the situation of the alkaline metal salt that includes the Na of volatilization, K etc., is carried out medicine by processor 120 and handles.
Fig. 5 is the embodiment that fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace of the present invention turns round under the pressure condition more than the atmospheric pressure.
Fluidized bed stove 1 can be a pressure-resistance structure, and this does not illustrate in Fig. 5.But, heat-resisting function and withstand voltage function are separated in textural favourable, therefore, in the present embodiment, fluidized bed stove 1 is placed on the inside of pressure vessel 201, gasification furnace 3 and combustion furnace 4 are turned round more than atmospheric pressure.
Discharging line etc. from the burning gases outlet 51 of combustion furnace 4, the generation gas discharge outlet 49 from gasification furnace 3, the combustible supply port 47 of gasification furnace 3, the auxiliary air supply port 53 of combustion furnace 4, other flowing gas supply line, incombustible connects pressure vessel 201.
In the present embodiment, supply with combustible 48 to gasification furnace 3, partial combustion produces gasification.The combustible supply method is except the method for the spiral described in this figure (screw), and the method that can also have air to carry reaches the method for supplying with under the state of isolating (screen).
In unburned carbon that gasification furnace 3 produces etc. with generate the part that gas accompanies, in the gas quench system 202 that is arranged at back segment, be cooled to below 600 ℃, for example will cause the alkalinous metal of Na, K etc. of reason of the high temperature corrosion of steam turbine blade (blade) to solidify or in the particle surface immobilization, after these particle usefulness precipitron 203 collections, introduce combustion furnace 4, make it completing combustion.After the burnt gas of combustion furnace 4 is discharged from pressure vessel 201, be cooled to below 600 ℃ at the gas quench system 204 that is arranged on the back,, with the alkalinous metal curing of Na, K etc. or in the particle surface immobilization this particle is collected and discharged with precipitron 205 by this cooling.Precipitron more than 203,205 adopts ceramic filter, but also can be the precipitron of other form.
To cause Na, the K of the reason of high temperature corrosion to remove, become pure burning gases, the back is become pure generation gas in burner 206 mixed combustions at precipitron 203 by control of dust with coming out from above-mentioned gasification furnace 3, because each heat energy gas-cooled, that take burner 206 to is reduced, for high-temp combustion in burner 206, burner is turned round under the least possible situation of the excess air ratio of combustion furnace 4, reduce the burnt gas amount.Oxygen 207 supplied burner 206 of the required oxygen of burner 206 burnings from another kind of approach.
Burnt gas from the HTHP of burner 206 drives steam turbine 209 expeditiously.Steam turbine 209 drive compression machines 210, generator 211.
The waste gas that comes out from steam turbine 209 is discharged in the atmosphere after heat reclamation device 212 is cooled.In the present embodiment, if the material of steam turbine blade is good, also can omit gas quench system 202,204.
On the other hand, when combustible 48 uses coals, mixes with lime stone 214 or supply with, make it produce desulfuration in furnace and react with other approach.Be about to hydrogen sulfide H in gasification furnace 3 generations
2S and CaO produce desulphurization reaction, become CaS, accompany with generation gas, collect with precipitron 203, drop into main chamber 6.
The counter-rotating stream of the connected entrance by the 1st partition wall top, the mobile medium that will comprise unburned carbon and CaS etc. are introduced into main chamber 6 from gasification furnace 3.Introduced in the fluidized bed by sinking, the stream that circled round disperses to mix equably, completing combustion in the environment of oxygen, and CaS becomes CaSO
4, accompany with burnt gas, collect with precipitron 205, and be discharged from.When the desulfuration in furnace of gasification furnace 3 reacts insufficient, can after coming out, the desulfuration reaction device 213 that appends be set from gasification furnace.
Fig. 6 is the fragmentary cross-sectional view of the fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace of cylinder type of the present invention.Fig. 7 represents the horizontal profile of fluidized bed part.The vertical section of fluidized bed in Fig. 6 part is suitable with view along the direction of arrow of the a-a of Fig. 7.Here, describe with Fig. 6, Fig. 7.
In Fig. 6 and embodiment shown in Figure 7, describe with prosign with the concise and to the point key element (or parts) identical or similar function of key element (or parts) in embodiment illustrated in fig. 1.
The inside of cylinder type fluidized bed stove 1 is divided into the combustion furnace 4 of gasification furnace 3 and annular by outer wall and the 1st concentric partition wall 2.The 1st partition wall 2 is provided with the bottom connected entrance 38 of the top connected entrance 37 of a plurality of rectangles, a plurality of rectangles, and gasification furnace 3 and combustion furnace 4 are interconnected.The 1st partition wall 2 that constitutes the border of gasification furnace 3 and combustion furnace 4 (omits in this figure) as shown in figure 10, becomes to the oblique inclined plane of gasification furnace inclination in the gasification furnace side, and be vertical plane in the burning furnace side.Be provided with gas discharge outlet 49 at gasification furnace 3, generating gas 50 derives to the outside from this gas discharge outlet 49.
On the other hand, combustion furnace 4 and then quilt are divided into a plurality of main chambers 6 and a plurality of heat recovery chamber 7 along a plurality of the 2nd partition walls 5 that radial direction extends.But, not being separated up, the melting chamber part is integrated with main chamber and heat recovery chamber, and burnt gas separately becomes burnt gas 52 after the melting chamber part is mixed, be discharged from the outside from gas discharge outlet 51.Be embedded with heat-transfer area 46 in heat recovery chamber 7, can reclaim heat from the medium that flow.And be provided with bottom connected entrance 40 at the 2nd partition wall 5, can carry out moving mutually of main chamber 6 and heat recovery chamber's 7 mobile medium together with upper opening portion 39.
On the other hand, siege 27,28 is respectively equipped with air diffuser 32,33.From air diffuser 32, giving low flowing velocity in fact, and the ejection flowing gas, its result forms weak liquidation zone 41 above siege 27.From air diffuser 33, giving high flowing velocity in fact, and the ejection flowing gas, its result forms strong liquidation zone 42 above siege 28.
Owing in the fluidized bed of gasification furnace 3, there are 2 different liquidation zones, the stream that circles round that the strong liquidation zone 42 of the annular scope around being created in rises, flow into, descend in the weak liquidation zone 41 of the cylindric scope of central portion to central authorities.
On the other hand, in combustion furnace 4, also form siege 29,30, be provided with bellows 10,11 in the bottom of siege 29,30 in the bottom of main chamber 6.The gas 20,21 that flows is introduced into bellows 10,11 by connector 15,16 respectively.On the other hand, siege 29,30 is respectively equipped with air diffuser 34,35.From air diffuser 34, giving low flowing velocity in fact, and the ejection flowing gas, its result forms weak liquidation zone 43 above siege 29.From air diffuser 35, giving high flowing velocity in fact, and the ejection flowing gas, its result forms strong liquidation zone 44 above siege 30.
Owing in the fluidized bed of main chamber 6, have 2 different liquidation zones, be created in weak liquidation zone 43 and descend, the stream that circles round that rises in strong liquidation zone 44.
On the other hand, also form siege 31, be provided with bellows 12 in the bottom of siege 31 in the bottom of heat recovery chamber 7.Flowing gas 22 is introduced into bellows 12 by connector 17.Be provided with air diffuser 36 at siege 31.From air diffuser 36, with low in fact flowing velocity, the ejection flowing gas, its result forms weak liquidation zone 45 above siege 31.
As mentioned above, the liquidation zone combination by in the inside of gasification furnace 3, combustion furnace 4 that a plurality of flowing velocities are different produces following flowing.
That is, in the fluidized bed of gasification furnace 3,, flow medium carrying on sinking 55 and descend in weak liquidation zone 41.And near siege 27, transfer to towards the horizontal flow 56 in strong liquidation zone 42, become upwelling 57 in strong liquidation zone 42.On the other hand, upwelling 57 is at the fluidized bed near surface, be decomposed into towards the weak liquidation zone 41 of central authorities flow 58 and connected entrance 37 by the 1st partition wall 2 towards the counter-rotating stream 59 of combustion furnace 4.
Therefore, the stream that circles round that be formed on weak liquidation zone decline in the fluidized bed inside of gasification furnace 3, rises in strong liquidation zone, and the mobile medium of a part are introduced into the main chamber 6 of combustion furnace 4 by the connected entrance 37 on the 1st partition wall top.
On the other hand, owing in main chamber 6, near connected entrance 37, form weak liquidation zone 43, above siege 30, form strong liquidation zone 44, therefore in the fluidized bed of main chamber 6,, flow medium carrying on sinking 60 and descend in weak liquidation zone 43.Therefore, by counter-rotating stream 59, the mobile medium that comprise unburned carbon that flow into from gasification furnace 3 also carry on sinking 60, are introduced into the inside completing combustion of combustion furnace.
Near siege, a part becomes by the backflow 67 of the bottom connected entrance 38 of the 1st partition wall 2 returns gasification furnace 3, and another part then becomes towards the horizontal flow 61 in strong liquidation zone 44, in strong liquidation zone 44 and then become upwelling 62.On the other hand, upwelling 62 is at the fluidized bed near surface, be decomposed into towards weak liquidation zone 43 flow 63 and upper space by the 2nd partition wall 5, towards the counter-rotating stream 64 of heat recovery chamber 7.
Therefore, be formed on the gyration airflow that weak liquidation zone 43 descends, rises in strong liquidation zone 44 in the fluidized bed inside of combustion furnace 4, and the top that the mobile medium of a part are crossed the 2nd partition wall 5, be introduced into heat recovery chamber 7, some mobile medium reflux to gasification furnace 3 from the connected entrance 38 of the bottom of the 1st partition wall 2.
On the other hand, in heat recovery chamber 7, owing to form weak liquidation zone 45, so produce sinking 65, the medium that flow return main chamber 6 by the effect through the counter-rotating stream 66 of the bottom connected entrance 40 of the 2nd partition wall 5.In the fluidized bed of the heat recovery chamber 7 of the main chamber 6 of gasification furnace 3, combustion furnace 4, combustion furnace 4, form inner circle round stream and mutual circular flow respectively like this.
Therefore, when above the weak liquidation zone 41 of gasification furnace 3 combustible input port 47 being set, when combustible 48 was dropped into, the fluidized bed inside by sinking 55 is introduced gasification furnaces 3 was disperseed to mix by circling round stream equably, partial combustion and being gasified.Supply with the oxygen content of the siege flowing gas partly of gasification furnace 3, be set to respect to below the required oxygen of the theory burning of the combustible 48 that is dropped into.This flowing gas is any or the combination more than 2 kinds in them in air, water vapour, oxygen or the burnt gas.
On the other hand, the mobile medium that comprise unburned carbon are introduced into main chamber 6 by counter-rotating stream 59, and are lowered by in the stream 60 introducing fluidized beds, are disperseed to mix completing combustion in oxygen atmosphere equably by circling round stream.As shown in Figure 5, can above weak liquidation zone 43, fuel input port 68 be set as required, to supply with auxiliary fuel 69.
In addition, be provided with a plurality of nozzles 53, introduce auxiliary air 54 as required, make its completing combustion at melting chamber.
The heat that in the main chamber 6 of combustion furnace 4, produces by burning, a part is by the counter-rotating stream 67 of the bottom connected entrance 38 that passes through the 1st partition wall 2, be introduced into gasification furnace 3, become the gasification thermal source, another part is crossed the 2nd partition wall top, enters heat recovery chamber 7, become sinking 65 after, by return the mobile medium circular flow of main chamber 6 from bottom connected entrance 40, got the outside by the heat-transfer area 46 of heat recovery chamber.
For the energy of the combustible that is dropped into like this, its part becomes gas, be removed as chemical energy, and the composition that is difficult to gasify is converted to heat energy at combustion furnace 4, can be reclaimed effectively expeditiously.
In addition, in the combustible that drops into, sneak into a lot of not combusting components.Therefore, in the present embodiment, between the siege 29 of the siege 28 of gasification furnace 3 and combustion furnace 4, be provided with incombustible outlet 23, incombustible 25 is discharged from this outlet 23.When in auxiliary fuel 69, sneaking into incombustible, near the 2nd partition wall bottom, between main chamber siege and heat recovery chamber's siege, be provided with incombustible outlet (not shown) equally, incombustible is discharged.For the discharge that makes incombustible is easy, each siege is become towards the decline inclined plane of incombustible outlet.In combustion furnace 4, constitute the 2nd partition wall 5 (in this figure, omit, in Figure 10, represent) on the border of main chamber 6 and heat recovery chamber 7 with section, form to the inclined plane that the main chamber inclination is fallen in the main chamber side, and become vertical plane in heat recovery chamber's side.
Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 are the embodiment that waste heat boiler and steam turbine is made up employed cylinder type fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 8, the generation gas of discharging from the gas discharge outlet 49 of gasification furnace 3, from the burnt gas that the gas discharge outlet 51 of combustion furnace 4 is discharged is introduced into fusing combustion furnace 101, is blown into the primary zone 102 of cylinder type along tangent direction (tangential direction).In primary zone 102 and secondary combustion chamber 103, be supplied to auxiliary fuel 104 as required, and be blown into oxygen, air or their mist, 1200 ℃～burning more than 1300 ℃.Its result, ash is melted, and the harmful substance of dioxin and PCB etc. at high temperature is decomposed.After fusing ash 106 was discharged from outlet 105, cooling rapidly in hydroecium 107 became slag (slag) and is discharged from.
On the other hand, the burning gases of the high temperature of discharging from fusing combustion furnace 101 are cooled off successively at waste heat boiler 109, waste gas economizer (economizer) 110, air preheater 111, through precipitron 112, guiding pressure fan 113, discharge in atmosphere.From the burning gases that air preheater 111 is discharged, add the nertralizer 114 of calcium hydroxide etc. as required in the front of precipitron 112.
On the other hand, boiler water supply 116 becomes superheated steam 121 through waste gas economizer 110 at waste heat boiler 109, drives steam turbine.Burning is oxygen, air or their mist with gas 115, is heated at air preheater 111, is supplied to the melting chamber of fusing combustion furnace 101 and combustion furnace 4.Can also use flowing gas 18～22 (not shown).Press or the low pressure turbine in the steam drive that heat-transfer pipe 46 obtains in layer.
The ash 117,118 of discharging from waste heat boiler 109, waste gas economizer 110, air preheater 111 can return combustion furnace 4, and this is not expression especially in the drawings.
On the other hand, the flying dust 119 with precipitron 112 is collected under the situation of the alkaline metal salt that contains the Na of volatilization, K etc., carries out medicine by processor 120 and handles.
Fig. 9 is the embodiment that fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace of the present invention turns round under the pressure condition more than the atmospheric pressure.
Fluidized bed stove 1 can be a pressure-resistance structure, and this does not illustrate in Fig. 9.But, heat-resisting function and withstand voltage function are separated in textural favourable, therefore, in the present embodiment, fluidized bed stove 1 is placed on the inside of pressure vessel 201, gasification furnace 3 and combustion furnace 4 are turned round more than atmospheric pressure.
Discharging line etc. from the burning gases outlet 51 of combustion furnace 4, the generation gas discharge outlet 49 from gasification furnace 3, the combustible supply port 47 of gasification furnace 3, the auxiliary air supply port 53 of combustion furnace 4, other flowing gas supply line, incombustible connects pressure vessel 201.
In the present embodiment, supply with combustibles 48, partial combustion and being gasified to gasification furnace 3.The combustible supply method is except the method for the spiral described in this figure (screw), and method that air carries, and the method for supply under the state of coal slime (slurry) can also be arranged.
In unburned carbon that gasification furnace 3 produces etc. with generate the part that gas accompanies, in the gas quench system 202 that is arranged on back segment, be cooled to below 600 ℃, for example will cause the alkalinous metal of Na, K etc. of the reason of steam turbine blade high temperature corrosion to solidify or in the particle surface immobilization, after these particle usefulness precipitron 203 collections, introduce combustion furnace 4, make it completing combustion.After the burnt gas of combustion furnace 4 is discharged from pressure vessel 201, in the gas quench system 204 that is arranged on back segment, be cooled to below 600 ℃,, with the alkalinous metal curing of Na, K etc. or in the particle surface immobilization this particle is collected and discharged with precipitron 205 by this cooling.Precipitron more than 203,205 adopts ceramic filter, but also can be the precipitron of other form.
To cause Na, the K of high temperature corrosion to remove, become pure burning gases, with come out from above-mentioned gasification furnace 3 back precipitron 203 by control of dust, become pure generation gas, in burner 206 mixed combustions, because each heat energy gas-cooled, that take burner 206 to is reduced, for burner 206 high-temp combustions, combustion furnace is turned round under the least possible situation of the excess air ratio of combustion furnace 4, reduce the burnt gas amount.The required oxygen of burner 206 burnings adopts the oxygen 207 of another kind of approach to come supplied burner 206.
Burnt gas from the HTHP of burner 206 drives steam turbine 209 expeditiously.Steam turbine 209 drive compression machines 210, generator 211.
The waste gas that comes out from steam turbine 209 is discharged in the atmosphere after heat reclamation device 212 is cooled.In the present embodiment, if the material of steam turbine blade is good, also can omit gas quench system 202,204.
On the other hand, when combustible 48 uses coals, mixes with lime stone 214 or, in stove, produce desulphurization reaction with other approach supply.Will be at the hydrogen sulfide H of gasification furnace 3 generations
2S and CaO produce desulphurization reaction, become CaS, accompany with generation gas, collect with precipitron 203, drop into main chamber 6.
The counter-rotating stream of the connected entrance by the 1st partition wall top, the mobile medium that will comprise unburned carbon and CaS etc. drop into main chambers 6 from gasification furnace 3.Introduced in the fluidized bed by sinking, the stream that circled round disperses to mix equably, completing combustion in the environment of oxygen, and CaS becomes CaSO
4, accompany with burnt gas, collect with precipitron 205, and be discharged from.When the desulfuration in furnace at gasification furnace 3 reacts insufficient, utilize after coming out from gasification furnace, append desulfuration reaction device 213 is set.
Figure 10 represents an example of the structure of partition wall.
Partition wall 301 has inclined plane 301a, so that change the direction of the upwelling 304 that forms in strong liquidation zone 302, on the other hand, opposing face at inclined plane 301a is a vertical plane, the counter-rotating stream 305 of crossing the partition wall upper end does not stop, and becomes sinking 306, and weak liquidation zone 303 is descended.Any of the 1st partition wall of the present invention, the 2nd partition wall can be this structure., to embodiment shown in Figure 9, can on the 1st partition wall, the 2nd partition wall, not form the inclined plane, and be vertical wall at Fig. 1.
Another embodiment of the fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace of cylinder type of the present invention is described below with reference to Figure 11 and Figure 12.Figure 11 is the profilograph of the fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace of cylinder type.Figure 12 represents the horizontal profile of fluidized bed part.In Figure 11 and embodiment shown in Figure 12, with Fig. 6 and embodiment illustrated in fig. 7 in the key element (or parts) of key element (or parts) with identical or similar function describe with prosign.
In the present embodiment, the inside of cylinder type fluidized bed stove 1 is divided into the stove portion of the annular in the combustion furnace 4 of circle of central portion and its outside by outer wall and the 1st concentric partition wall 2.The stove portion of annular is divided into a plurality of gasification furnaces 3 and a plurality of heat recovery chamber 7 by a plurality of the 2nd partition walls 5 that extend along radial direction.The 1st partition wall 2 is provided with the bottom connected entrance 38 of the top connected entrance 37 of a plurality of rectangles, a plurality of rectangles, and gasification furnace 3 and combustion furnace 4 are interconnected.
Be provided with gas discharge outlet 49 at gasification furnace 3, generating gas 50 derives to the outside from this gas discharge outlet 49.2 main chamber 6 and heat recovery chamber 7 that partly are separated into combustion furnace 4 at fluid bed of the 1st partition wall, the melting chamber part is integrated with the main chamber 6 and the heat recovery chamber 7 of combustion furnace 4, burnt gas separately is after the melting chamber part is mixed, become burnt gas 52, be discharged from the outside from gas discharge outlet 51.Be embedded with heat-transfer area 46 in each heat recovery chamber 7, can reclaim heat from the medium that flow.And be provided with bottom connected entrance 40 at the 1st partition wall 2, can carry out mutually the moving of mobile medium of main chamber 6 and heat recovery chamber 7 with upper opening portion 39 together.
Central authorities in the bottom of combustion furnace 4 form siege 27, and form the siege 28 of the annular that this siege 27 is reeled.Be provided with bellows 8,9 in the bottom of siege 27,28.The gas 18,19 that flows is introduced into bellows 8,9 by connector respectively.
On the other hand, siege 27,28 and similarly embodiment illustrated in fig. 6 is respectively equipped with air diffuser 32,33.From the flowing gas of air diffuser 32 ejections with low in fact flowing velocity, its result forms weak liquidation zone 41 above siege 27.From the flowing gas of the high in fact flowing velocity of air diffuser 33 ejection one, its result forms strong liquidation zone 42 above siege 28.
Owing in the fluidized bed of combustion furnace 4, there are 2 different liquidation zones, the stream that circles round that the strong liquidation zone 42 of the annular scope around being created in rises, flow into, descend in the weak liquidation zone 41 of the cylindric scope of central portion to central authorities.
On the other hand, in gasification furnace 3 and heat recovery chamber 7, also form siege 29,31 respectively, be provided with bellows 10,12 in the bottom of siege 29,31 in the bottom.The gas 21,22 that flows is introduced into bellows 10,12 by connector respectively.On the other hand, siege 29,31 and similarly embodiment illustrated in fig. 5 is respectively equipped with air diffuser 34,36.From the flowing gas of air diffuser 34 ejections with low in fact flowing velocity, its result forms weak liquidation zone 43 above siege 29.From the flowing gas of air diffuser 36 ejections with low in fact flowing velocity, its result forms weak liquidation zone 45 above siege 31.
Because above-mentioned structure forms flowing of following mobile medium.
That is, in the fluidized bed of gasification furnace 3,, flow medium carrying on weak liquidation zone 43 and descend in weak liquidation zone 43.And flow medium near siege 29, flow into combustion furnace 4 by bottom connected entrance 38.
In the fluidized bed of the main chamber 6 of combustion furnace 4,, flow medium carrying on weak liquidation zone and descend in weak liquidation zone 41.And near siege 27, transfer to towards the horizontal flow in strong liquidation zone, become upwelling again in strong liquidation zone 42.On the other hand, upwelling 57 is at the fluidized bed near surface, be decomposed into towards the weak liquidation zone 41 of central authorities flow and connected entrance 37 by the 1st partition wall 2 towards the counter-rotating stream of gasification furnace 3 and counter-rotating stream from the upper opening 39 of the 1st partition wall 2 towards heat recovery chamber 7.
Therefore, the stream that circles round that be formed on weak liquidation zone decline in the fluidized bed inside of combustion furnace 4, rises in strong liquidation zone, and the mobile medium of a part are introduced into gasification furnace 3 and heat recovery chamber 7 by the connected entrance 37 and the upper opening 39 on the 1st partition wall top.As mentioned above, flow into the mobile medium carrying sinking of gasification furnace 3 and descending.
On the other hand, in heat recovery chamber 7, owing to form weak liquidation zone 45, produce sinking, the medium that flow return main chamber 6 by the effect through the counter-rotating stream of the bottom connected entrance 40 of the 1st partition wall 2.
Therefore, when above the weak liquidation zone 43 of gasification furnace 3, being provided with combustible input port 47, when dropping into combustible 48, be introduced into the fluidized bed inside of gasification furnace 3, partial combustion and being gasified by sinking.In addition the siege of gasification furnace 3 part a little above form combustible input port 47.
Figure 12 is 3 parts of representing the siege of gasification furnace is divided into emitting shape, at central portion weak liquidation zone 43 is set, and the example in strong liquidation zone 44 is set at two ends.At this moment, combustible is dropped into the weak liquidation zone 43 of central authorities, carries out thermal decomposition when descending in layer, is gasified, and moves to the strong liquidation zone 44 of both sides in the bottom in weak liquidation zone 43.In strong liquidation zone 44, the mobile upwelling that transfers to of combustible, weak liquidation zone 43 sides that flow into central authorities as shown in arrow 63 above layer once more.
Flow into from main chamber 6 gasification furnaces 3 mobile medium flow 59, be with from main chamber 6 thermal decompositions, the required heat of gasification mostly, medium are supplied with gasification furnace 3 as sensible heat to flow.Therefore, the upper opening 37 of the 1st partition wall of main chamber 6 and gasification furnace 3 is in order to make aperture area big, preferably stride across the gasification furnace front, when in gasification furnace, forming weak liquidation zone 43, strong liquidation zone 44, also effective when 37 of upper openings are located at weak liquidation zone.Therefore, burn, can suppress the decline of rate of gasification by thermal decomposition, the inadequate combustible of gasification are flowed into main chamber.
On the other hand, the mobile medium that comprise unburned carbon in the gasification furnace 3 are introduced into main chamber 6 by bottom connected entrance 38, are disperseed to mix completing combustion in oxygen atmosphere equably by circling round stream.As shown in figure 11, as required in gasification furnace 3 weak liquidation zone 43 above fuel input port 68 is set, can supply with auxiliary fuel 69.
In addition, can be provided with a plurality of nozzles 53, introduce auxiliary air 54 as required, make its completing combustion at melting chamber.
The heat that in the main chamber 6 of combustion furnace 4, produces by burning, a part is passed through the effect of flowing through the mobile medium of the top connected entrance 37 of the 1st partition wall 2, be introduced into gasification furnace 3, become the gasification thermal source, remainder is crossed the top on the 1st partition wall top 2, enter heat recovery chamber 7, by return the effect of the mobile medium circular flow of main chamber 6 from bottom connected entrance 40, the heat-transfer area 46 of process heat recovery chamber is removed the outside.
For the energy of the combustible that is dropped into like this, its part becomes gas, be removed as chemical energy, and the composition that is difficult to gasify is converted to heat energy at combustion furnace 4, can be reclaimed effectively expeditiously.
In addition, in the combustible that drops into, sneak into a lot of not combusting components.Therefore, in the present embodiment, between the siege 29 of the siege 28 of combustion furnace 4 and gasification furnace 3, be provided with incombustible outlet 23, and between the siege 31 of the siege 28 of combustion furnace 4 and heat recovery chamber 7, be provided with incombustible outlet 23, incombustible 25 is discharged from these outlets 24.
As mentioned above, in main chamber 6, the flowing velocity of central portion is suppressed to the flowing velocity that is lower than periphery, flows rapidly at periphery, and the medium that will flow upwards blow, and form the decline mobile layer at central portion, promptly forms the so-called inside stream that circles round.
By such structure, the mobile medium of the high temperature of main chamber 6 sides are easily by the 1st partition wall 2, flow into gasification furnace 3 sides, supply with the required heat of gasification easily, and can promote in main chamber 6 diffusion of the heat that produces by exothermic reaction, be difficult for producing local high-temperature portion, can suppress the generation of caking (agglomeration).
By formation in gasification furnace 3 all is comparatively mild fluidized bed, can suppress flying out of unreacted carbon, carries out gasification reaction effectively.If the inflow from the mobile medium of main chamber 6 is abundant, then the flowing gas of gasification furnace 3 does not need to contain oxygen fully, and this moment is not because exothermic reaction takes place in gasification furnace 3, so can not form caking fully.
The melting chamber portion of heat recovery chamber 7 can with the melting chamber integrally of main chamber 6, this moment in order to promote completing combustion, can be blown into auxiliary air as required.The oxygen concentration that suppresses the flowing gas of heat recovery chamber 7, when the oxygen concentration on the top of heat recovery chamber 7 is almost nil, can be with the melting chamber portion of heat recovery chamber 7 and the melting chamber integrally of gasification furnace 3.
For because the characteristic of combustible and in stove, accumulating when carbon is arranged, according to the order of the central portion of the periphery of main chamber 6, main chamber 6, heat recovery chamber 7, gasification furnace 3 oxygen concentration is improved, be a kind of effective countermeasure.Otherwise for the characteristic of not accumulating the combustible that carbon is arranged, oxygen concentration is descended, can carry out effective gasification reaction according to the order of the periphery of the central portion of gasification furnace 3, heat recovery chamber 7, main chamber 6, main chamber 6.
Figure 13 is the schematic diagram as the embodiment of the fluid bed coal boiler of a kind of normal pressure of fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace of the present invention.As shown in figure 13, be separated into vaporizer 401, combustion chamber 402, heat recovery chamber 403 totally 3 parts in the stove of fluid bed coal boiler, fuel is supplied to vaporizer 401, carries out thermal decomposition and is gasified.Be provided with combustion chamber 402 in vaporizer 401 vicinities, the 402 contiguous heat recovery chamber 403 that are provided with in the combustion chamber.When applying the present invention to the fluid bed coal boiler of normal pressure, melting chamber integrally and not cut apart in vaporizer 401, combustion chamber 402, heat recovery chamber 403.In heat recovery chamber 403, be provided with the heat-transfer area 406 that reclaims heat from the medium that flow.Be provided with heat-transfer area 404 on melting chamber, this heat-transfer area 404 is made of the steam superheater 404A that is provided with in order along the gas flow direction, evaporimeter 404B.Short transverse and horizontal direction at the wall of melting chamber portion are provided with a plurality of auxiliary air supply nozzle 405A, 405B.The steam that recovery heat by heat-transfer area 404,406 generates is introduced into steam turbine 407, and drives steam turbine.On the other hand, the burnt gas of discharging from fluid bed coal boiler is discharged from chimney 411 via joint carbon device 408, air preheater 409, sack cleaner 410.The air of supplying with from air blast 412 by air preheater 409 heating after, in stove, supply with flowing gas and burning gas from the bottom of fluidized-bed combustion boiler.
The flowing gas of vaporizer 401, combustion chamber 402, heat recovery chamber 403 is an air, to the air capacity that vaporizer 401 is supplied with, be the fuel supplied with theoretical air requirement about 2/1/10th～ten.Standard as the air capacity of supplying with vaporizer 401, it is the heat that burning is produced, when the summation of the heat that takes out in layer with sensible heat as required heat of gasification reaction and gasification was compared, its air capacity made the heat of above-mentioned summation can be compared to the how certain degree of heat that above-mentioned burning produces most.If such air capacity, then can replenish by the heat that flows into the medium that flow from combustion chamber adjacent 402 so that be used to keep the heat of deficiency of the layer temperature of vaporizer 401, make the layer temperature control of vaporizer 401 become easy.In addition, though not expression in the drawings, the flow of each flowing gas of gasification furnace 401, combustion chamber 402, heat recovery chamber 403 and composition can be controlled independently.As above-mentioned composition, can consider it is a kind of like this flowing gas, this flowing gas adds a kind of in oxygen and the water vapour at least in air.
If under above-mentioned condition, turn round, the air that is blown into the total of fluidized bed portion (vaporizer 401, combustion chamber 402, heat recovery chamber 403) depends on the characteristic of coal, particularly fuel ratio, be approximately 70%～90%, remaining combustion reaction of 10%～30% produces at melting chamber.Therefore, be blown into the position, and change the position that is blown into as required, can freely control the temperature of melting chamber by a plurality of auxiliary airs that blow to melting chamber are set.
For example, for layer internal combustion rate height, coal kind that the gas temperature of melting chamber is descended, by being blown into auxiliary air 405B to the steam superheating organ pipe 404A that is located at melting chamber, the top of evaporator tube 404B, suppress the recovery heat of the heat-transfer pipe 404 of melting chamber, and the burning gas temperature of boiler export can be maintained suitable temperature.Otherwise, for the low coal kind of layer internal combustion rate, be blown into auxiliary air 405A to the space of 404 of the heat-transfer pipe 406 that is located at fluidized bed portion and the heat-transfer pipes that are located at melting chamber, and after making it burning, recovery heat by at the heat-transfer pipe of melting chamber can replenish the recovery heat in the layer.For the coal kind in the middle of it, on one side can monitor the gas temperature of boiler export, be blown into the upside of the heat-transfer pipe that is located at melting chamber, the auxiliary air 405A of downside, the ratio of 405B respectively, thereby be adjusted to best state Yi Bian regulate.
By this structure, can reduce the area of fluidized-bed combustion boiler assembling.For the high fuel of layer internal combustion rate, when it is burnt in common fluidized bed combustion furnace, sometimes because the heat that should reclaim in layer is a lot, heat transfer area becomes big in the required layer, become big for the horizontal profile of the fluidized bed portion that disposes heat-transfer pipe in this layer is long-pending, the area that causes assembling increases, can suppress layer internal combustion and use The normal pressure fluidized bed coal boiler of the present invention, and burn at melting chamber, therefore can increase the ratio of the heat-transfer area of distributing to melting chamber in the heat-transfer pipe, the shape of boiler becomes longitudinal, and horizontal profile is long-pending to be reduced, and can reduce the area of assembling.
As mentioned above, in Fig. 1 was extremely embodiment illustrated in fig. 13, the structural element with same function and function was represented with prosign.
As described above, the present invention has following effect.
(1) owing to after the partial combustion gasification, can be with carbon completing combustion, so even not Easily gasification, the combustible that the carbon generation is a lot of also can utilize, and can take full advantage of gas Change melting systems etc.
(2) gasification furnace and combustion furnace are integrated, can be very compact.
(3) handover of unreacted carbon is simple, and control easily. That is, because gasification furnace and burning Stove is integrated, for the handover of the carbon from gasification furnace to combustion furnace, does not need pipe arrangement and L valve Deng complicated plant equipment, and feeding amount is according to gasification furnace, the mutual flowing velocity of combustion furnace Variation and control, therefore easily realize and very simple. In addition, pipe arrangement inside can not appear Inaccessible fault.
(4) because of the gasification thermal source as gasification furnace, from the Modelling of Flow with Recirculation medium of combustion furnace Possess heat and can effectively utilize, can reduce to the input amount of the air of gasification furnace, Improve gasification efficiency, increase the caloric value of the gas of unit volume.
(5) the fuel good dispersion of gasification furnace. That is, returning by gasification furnace fluidized bed inside Eddy flow, not only make fuel introduce effective, the holdup time is long, and because dispersion mixes, Can realize uniform partial combustion gasification, the supply position of fuel also can be reduced.
(6) even contain the fuel of incombustible, also can be used.
(7) by more than atmospheric pressure, turning round, can obtain higher efficient. That is, exist In the existing pressurized fluidized bed boiler, with the steam turbine inlet temperature be 850 ℃～900 ℃ phases Relatively, by coal partial combustion in gasification furnace is gasified, remaining combustible constituent exists Generation gas and the burnt gas of discharging in the stove are respectively introduced in completing combustion in the combustion furnace In the steam turbine, can make the burning gas temperature of steam turbine entrance more than 1300 ℃. Its result can increase substantially 42%～46% with sending end efficient.
(8) be the inner loop fluidized-bed combustion boiler by making combustion furnace, can obtain following effect Really.
1) can be recovered in expeditiously the heat that combustion furnace produces.
Control during 2) for load variations can not need to make the floor height of fluidized bed to change, Can change as simple countermeasure by the flowing velocity that makes heat recovery chamber.
3) owing to do not need to make the floor height of fluidized bed to change, so storing up, the medium that do not need to flow stay The equipment such as groove and handover pipe arrangement can make simplified equipment.
4) even during load variations, can control fluidized bed temperature and burning gas temperature one Decide, make the stabilised efficiency of steam turbine.
5) because heat recovery chamber is weak liquidation zone, the abrasion of the interior heat-transfer pipe of layer is few, therefore Mobile medium can use hard silicon sand, and the discharge rate of ash is reduced.
At a kind of fluid bed coal boiler as fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace of the present invention In, even the coal kind changes, also can change or transform the heat-transfer area of boiler.
Utilizability on the industry
The present invention can be applied to and will comprise discarded object or the coal of urban waste and industrial refuse The system of the solid fuel gasification combustion of carbon etc.
Claims (39)
1. fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace, it is a kind of fluidized bed stove, it is characterized in that,
Be separated into combustion chamber, the heat recovery chamber of gasification furnace, combustion furnace by a plurality of partition walls;
In at least one of above-mentioned gasification furnace and main chamber, form the stream that circles round of the medium that flow, between gasification furnace and main chamber, form the circular flow of mobile medium;
And the circular flow of the mobile medium of formation disposes heat-transfer area in heat recovery chamber's fluidized bed between above-mentioned heat recovery chamber and main chamber.
2, a kind of fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace, it is characterized in that, the fluidized bed stove is divided into gasification furnace and combustion furnace by the 1st partition wall, on the 1st partition wall, have connected entrance, be provided with strong liquidation zone and weak liquidation zone in the inside of this gasification furnace and this combustion furnace, make up so that the weak liquidation zone of the stove of the strong liquidation zone of stove on one side and another side joins by the 1st partition wall; This combustion furnace is by the 2nd partition wall and then be divided into main chamber and heat recovery chamber, has connected entrance on the 2nd partition wall, forms weak liquidation zone in the inside of heat recovery chamber, and the configuration thermal transfer surface.
3, a kind of fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace, it is a kind of fluidized bed stove, it is characterized in that, is divided into gasification furnace and combustion furnace by the 1st partition wall, the 1st partition wall is that the fluidized bed near surface has the opening that is interconnected in bottom and top,
In above-mentioned gasification furnace, partly be provided with the air diffuser of in fluidized bed, giving different flowing velocities at siege;
With the fluidized bed of above-mentioned the 1st partition wall near zone,, produce the upwelling of the medium that flow as the strong liquidation zone that is endowed big flowing velocity in fact;
To leave the zone of above-mentioned the 1st partition wall, as the weak liquidation zone that is endowed small flow speed in fact, the sinking of the medium that produce to flow, combustible are dropped into liquidation zone a little less than this;
The part of the above-mentioned upwelling in above-mentioned strong liquidation zone, become flowing at the fluidized bed near surface towards above-mentioned weak liquidation zone, form the stream that circles round in the fluidized bed of gasification furnace, a part becomes counter-rotating stream, from the connected entrance inflow combustion furnace on above-mentioned the 1st partition wall top;
Jie the above-mentioned combustion furnace of above-mentioned the 1st partition wall is arranged, and then be provided with the 2nd partition wall, and fluidized bed partly is divided into main chamber and heat recovery chamber;
Above-mentioned the 2nd partition wall is interconnected main chamber and heat recovery chamber by the connected entrance of bottom, and the upper end is till the fluidized bed near surface, and is in the melting chamber part that main chamber and heat recovery chamber is integrated;
In above-mentioned main chamber, partly be provided with the air diffuser of in fluidized bed, giving different flowing velocities at siege;
With the fluidized bed of above-mentioned the 1st partition wall near zone, as the weak liquidation zone that is endowed little flowing velocity in fact, and with the 2nd partition wall near zone, as the strong liquidation zone that is endowed big flowing velocity in fact, its result,
Produce the sinking of the medium that flow in weak liquidation zone, the part of this sinking refluxes to gasification furnace from the bottom connected entrance of the 1st partition wall, produces circular flow between gasification furnace and main chamber;
Produce the upwelling of the medium that flow in strong liquidation zone, the part of this upwelling becomes flowing towards the weak liquidation zone of the 1st partition wall, also produce the stream that circles round in the main chamber fluidized bed, a part becomes counter-rotating stream, crosses the 2nd partition wall and enters heat recovery chamber;
In above-mentioned heat recovery chamber, partly be provided with in fluidized bed at siege, give the air diffuser of little flowing velocity in fact, form weak liquidation zone, its result crosses the mobile medium that the 2nd partition wall top enters heat recovery chamber from main chamber, descends in heat recovery chamber, constitute the circular flow of the bottom connected entrance of process the 2nd partition wall to the main chamber backflow
And, in heat recovery chamber's fluidized bed, dispose heat-transfer area.
4, fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace according to claim 3 is characterized in that, supplies with the oxygen amount of the siege flowing gas partly of above-mentioned gasification furnace, is lower than at the required amount of oxygen of theory burning with respect to input combustible.
According to claim 3 or 4 described fluidized bed gasification combustion furnaces, it is characterized in that 5, the flowing gas of supplying with the siege part of above-mentioned gasification furnace is any in air, water vapour, oxygen or the burnt gas, or the combination more than 2 kinds in them.
According to each described fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace in the claim 3 to 5, it is characterized in that 6, the 1st partition wall that constitutes the border of above-mentioned gasification furnace and combustion furnace forms to the inclined plane that the gasification furnace inclination is fallen in the gasification furnace side, and be vertical plane in the burning furnace side.
7, according to each described fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace in the claim 3 to 6, it is characterized in that, in above-mentioned combustion furnace, constitute the 2nd partition wall on the border of main chamber and heat recovery chamber, form to the inclined plane that the main chamber inclination is fallen in the main chamber side, and be vertical plane in heat recovery chamber's side.
8, according to each described fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace in the claim 3 to 7, it is characterized in that the siege between above-mentioned gasification furnace and combustion furnace partly is provided with the incombustible outlet.
According to each described fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace in the claim 3 to 7, it is characterized in that 9, in above-mentioned combustion furnace, the siege between above-mentioned main chamber and heat recovery chamber partly is provided with the incombustible outlet.
10, according to each described fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace in the claim 3 to 7, it is characterized in that the siege between above-mentioned gasification furnace and combustion furnace partly is provided with the incombustible outlet; In above-mentioned combustion furnace, the siege between main chamber and heat recovery chamber partly is provided with the incombustible outlet.
11, according to Claim 8 or 9 or 10 described fluidized bed gasification combustion furnaces, it is characterized in that siege tilts to descend towards the incombustible outlet.
12, according to each described fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace in the claim 3 to 11, it is characterized in that, in above-mentioned combustion furnace, partly drop into auxiliary air at melting chamber.
13, according to each described fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace in the claim 3 to 12, it is characterized in that, in above-mentioned combustion furnace, drop into auxiliary fuel in weak liquidation zone.
14, according to each described fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace in the claim 3 to 13, it is characterized in that, to introduce melting furnace respectively and collaborate from the waste gas that above-mentioned gasification furnace and combustion furnace take out, imflammable gas that is contained in the waste gas and the particulate that contains combustible component are being burnt more than 1200 ℃, making the ash fusing.
15, according to each described fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace in the claim 3 to 14, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned gasification furnace and combustion furnace are turned round to be higher than atmospheric pressure.
16, according to each described fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace in the claim 3 to 13, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned gasification furnace and combustion furnace are turned round to be higher than atmospheric pressure, and the waste gas that takes out is collected respectively, introduce steam turbine then.
17, according to each described fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace in the claim 3 to 13, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned gasification furnace and combustion furnace are turned round to be higher than atmospheric pressure, and the waste gas that takes out is cooled off the back respectively collect, introduce steam turbine then.
18, according to each described fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace in the claim 15 to 17, it is characterized in that,, fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace is built in the pressure vessel in order to turn round to be higher than atmospheric pressure.
19, a kind of fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace, it is a kind of fluidized bed stove, it is characterized in that, is divided into gasification furnace and combustion furnace by the 1st partition wall, the 1st partition wall is that the fluidized bed near surface has the opening that is interconnected in bottom and top,
In above-mentioned gasification furnace, partly be provided with the air diffuser of in fluidized bed, giving different flowing velocities at siege;
With near the mobile part above-mentioned the 1st partition wall,, produce the upwelling of the medium that flow as the strong liquidation zone that is endowed big flowing velocity in fact;
To leave the zone of above-mentioned the 1st partition wall, as the weak liquidation zone that is endowed small flow speed in fact, the sinking of the medium that produce to flow, combustible are dropped into liquidation zone a little less than this;
The part of the above-mentioned upwelling in above-mentioned strong liquidation zone, become flowing at the fluidized bed near surface towards above-mentioned weak liquidation zone, form the stream that circles round in the fluidized bed of gasification furnace, a part becomes counter-rotating stream, from the connected entrance inflow combustion furnace on above-mentioned the 1st partition wall top;
In above-mentioned combustion furnace, partly be provided with the air diffuser of in fluidized bed, giving different flowing velocities at siege;
Zone that will be very near apart from the 1st partition wall of above-mentioned gasification furnace as the weak liquidation zone that is endowed little flowing velocity in fact, produces the sinking of the medium that flow;
To leave the zone of above-mentioned the 1st partition wall,, produce the upwelling of the medium that flow, in fluidized bed, form the stream that circles round as the strong liquidation zone that is endowed big flowing velocity in fact,
Its result, flow into the mobile medium of combustion furnace through the connected entrance on partition wall top from gasification furnace, by the stream that circles round in the combustion furnace, in fluidized bed, descend continuously, the do not gasify carbon burning of composition, the part of the mobile medium of high temperature, near the connected entrance from the 1st partition wall bottom furnace bottom refluxes to gasification furnace, and the thermal source that gasifies as the thermal decomposition of gasification furnace is had an effect thus.
20, a kind of fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace, it is a kind of fluidized bed stove, it is characterized in that, be divided into the gasification furnace of drum and the combustion furnace of the annular that forms around it by the 1st concentric partition wall, the 1st partition wall has the opening that is interconnected in the fluidized bed near surface and the bottom on top;
In the gasification furnace of the drum that above-mentioned the 1st partition wall is surrounded, partly be provided with the air diffuser of in fluidized bed, giving different flowing velocities at siege;
With near the fluidized bed of the cylindric scope the center,, produce the sinking of the medium that flow as the weak liquidation zone that is endowed small flow speed in fact;
Will be near the fluidized bed of the annular scope of above-mentioned the 1st partition wall, as the strong liquidation zone that is endowed very big flowing velocity in fact, produce the upwelling of the medium that flow, a part flows into combustion furnace by the connected entrance on above-mentioned the 1st partition wall top, a part is as flowing towards the weak liquidation zone of central authorities, form the stream that circles round in the fluidized bed of gasification furnace, combustible is dropped into liquidation zone a little less than this;
In the circular combustion furnace in above-mentioned the 1st partition wall outside, along radial direction the 2nd partition wall is set, the fluidized bed part is divided into a plurality of main chambers and heat recovery chamber respectively.
Above-mentioned the 2nd partition wall is interconnected main chamber and heat recovery chamber by the connected entrance of bottom, and the upper end in the melting chamber part, makes main chamber and being integral of heat recovery chamber till the fluidized bed near surface;
In above-mentioned main chamber, partly be provided with the air diffuser of in fluidized bed, giving different flowing velocities at siege;
Be positioned at the central portion of above-mentioned main chamber, and with the connected entrance of gasification furnace near fluidized bed as the weak liquidation zone that is endowed little flowing velocity in fact, produce the sinking of the medium that flow, a part refluxes to gasification furnace by the bottom connected entrance of the 1st partition wall, a part becomes the strong liquidation zone that is endowed big flowing velocity in fact of the 2nd partition wall side, and the medium that flow in this strong liquidation zone become upwelling, its result, in the main chamber fluidized bed, produce the stream that circles round, and, the part of upwelling is crossed the 2nd partition wall top becomes counter-rotating stream, enter heat recovery chamber
In above-mentioned heat recovery chamber, the air diffuser of giving little flowing velocity in fluidized bed in fact partly is set at siege, form weak liquidation zone, cross the mobile medium that the 2nd partition wall top enters heat recovery chamber from main chamber, descend in heat recovery chamber, formation is passed through the bottom connected entrance of the 2nd partition wall to the circular flow that main chamber refluxes, and disposes heat-transfer area in heat recovery chamber's fluidized bed.
21, fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace according to claim 20 is characterized in that, supplies with the oxygen amount of the siege flowing gas partly of above-mentioned gasification furnace, is lower than at the required amount of oxygen of theory burning with respect to the combustible that drops into.
According to claim 20 or 21 described fluidized bed gasification combustion furnaces, it is characterized in that 22, the flowing gas of supplying with the siege part of above-mentioned gasification furnace is any in air, water vapour, oxygen or the burnt gas, or the combination more than 2 kinds in them.
23, according to each described fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace in the claim 20 to 22, it is characterized in that, the 1st partition wall that constitutes the border of above-mentioned gasification furnace and combustion furnace constitutes to the inclined plane that the gasification furnace inclination is fallen in the gasification furnace side, and is vertical plane in the burning furnace side.
24, according to each described fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace in the claim 20 to 23, it is characterized in that, in above-mentioned combustion furnace, constitute the 2nd partition wall on the border of main chamber and heat recovery chamber, constitute to the inclined plane that the main chamber inclination is fallen in the main chamber side, and be vertical plane in heat recovery chamber's side.
25, according to each described fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace in the claim 20 to 24, it is characterized in that the siege between above-mentioned gasification furnace and combustion furnace partly is provided with the incombustible outlet.
According to each described fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace in the claim 20 to 24, it is characterized in that 26, in above-mentioned combustion furnace, the siege between above-mentioned main chamber and heat recovery chamber partly is provided with the incombustible outlet.
27, according to each described fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace of claim 20 to 24, it is characterized in that, siege between above-mentioned gasification furnace and combustion furnace partly is provided with the incombustible outlet, and in above-mentioned combustion furnace, the siege between main chamber and heat recovery chamber partly is provided with the incombustible outlet.
According to claim 25 or 26 or 27 described fluidized bed gasification combustion furnaces, it is characterized in that 28, siege tilts to descend towards the incombustible outlet.
According to each described fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace in the claim 20 to 28, it is characterized in that 29, its formation is in above-mentioned combustion furnace, partly to drop into auxiliary air to melting chamber.
According to each described fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace in the claim 20 to 29, it is characterized in that 30, its formation is in above-mentioned combustion furnace, to drop into auxiliary fuel to weak liquidation zone.
31, according to each described fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace in the claim 20 to 30, it is characterized in that, to introduce melting furnace respectively and collaborate from the waste gas that above-mentioned gasification furnace and combustion furnace take out, imflammable gas that waste gas comprised and the particulate that contains combustible component at the high-temp combustion more than 1200 ℃, are made the ash fusing.
32, according to each described fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace in the claim 20 to 31, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned gasification furnace and combustion furnace are turned round being higher than atmospheric pressure.
33, according to each described fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace in the claim 20 to 30, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned gasification furnace and combustion furnace are turned round being higher than atmospheric pressure, and the waste gas that takes out is collected respectively, introduce steam turbine then.
34, according to each described fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace in the claim 20 to 30, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned gasification furnace and combustion furnace are turned round being higher than atmospheric pressure, and the waste gas that takes out is cooled off the back respectively collect, introduce steam turbine then.
35, according to each described fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace in the claim 32 to 34, it is characterized in that,, fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace is built in the pressure vessel in order to turn round being higher than atmospheric pressure.
36, a kind of fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace, it is a kind of fluidized bed stove, it is characterized in that, be divided into the gasification furnace of drum and the combustion furnace of the annular that forms around it by the 1st concentric partition wall, the 1st partition wall has the opening that is interconnected in the fluidized bed near surface and the bottom on top
In the gasification furnace of the drum that above-mentioned the 1st partition wall is surrounded, partly be provided with the air diffuser of in fluidized bed, giving different flowing velocities at siege;
With near the fluidized bed of the cylindric scope the center,, produce the sinking of the medium that flow as the weak liquidation zone that is endowed small flow speed in fact;
Will be near the fluidized bed of the annular scope of above-mentioned the 1st partition wall, as the strong liquidation zone that is endowed big flowing velocity in fact, produce the upwelling of the medium that flow, a part flows into combustion furnace by the connected entrance on above-mentioned the 1st partition wall top, a part is as flowing towards the weak liquidation zone of central authorities, in the fluidized bed of gasification furnace, form the stream that circles round, and the combustible input is somebody's turn to do weak liquidation zone;
In above-mentioned combustion furnace, partly be provided with the air diffuser of in fluidized bed, giving different flowing velocities at siege;
The 1st partition wall near zone of above-mentioned gasification furnace as the weak liquidation zone that is endowed little flowing velocity in fact, is produced the sinking of the medium that flow;
To leave the zone of the 1st partition wall,, produce the upwelling of the medium that flow as the strong liquidation zone that is endowed big flowing velocity in fact,
From the connected entrance of gasification furnace by partition wall top, flow into the mobile medium of combustion furnace, continue in the fluidized bed to descend, the do not gasify carbon burning of composition, the part of the mobile medium of high temperature, near from the 1st partition wall bottom furnace bottom connected entrance refluxes to gasification furnace, and the thermal source that gasifies as the thermal decomposition of gasification furnace is had an effect thus.
37, a kind of fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace, it is a kind of fluidized bed stove, it is characterized in that, be divided into the stove portion of the combustion furnace of gasification furnace with drum and the annular that around it, forms by the 1st concentric partition wall, and the 1st partition wall has the opening that is interconnected in the fluidized bed near surface and the bottom on top
In the combustion furnace of the drum that above-mentioned the 1st partition wall is surrounded, partly be provided with the air diffuser of in fluidized bed, giving different flowing velocities at siege;
With near the fluidized bed of the cylindric scope the center,, produce the sinking of the medium that flow as the weak liquidation zone of giving small flow speed in fact;
Will be near the fluidized bed of the annular scope of above-mentioned the 1st partition wall, as the strong liquidation zone that is endowed big flowing velocity in fact, produce the upwelling of the medium that flow, a part flows into gasification furnace by the connected entrance on above-mentioned the 1st partition wall top, a part is as flowing towards the weak liquidation zone of central authorities, form the stream that circles round in the fluidized bed of combustion furnace, combustible is dropped into liquidation zone a little less than this;
Stove portion at the circular gasification furnace with above-mentioned the 1st partition wall outside is provided with the 2nd partition wall along radial direction, and the fluidized bed part is divided into a plurality of gasification furnaces and heat recovery chamber respectively,
In above-mentioned gasification furnace, at siege air diffuser is set partly, fluidized bed produces the sinking of the medium that flow as the weak liquidation zone that is endowed little flowing velocity in fact, and mobile medium reflux to combustion furnace through the bottom connected entrance of the 1st partition wall,
The part of the mobile medium in the above-mentioned combustion furnace is through the opening of above-mentioned the 1st partition wall, flow in the above-mentioned heat recovery chamber, in heat recovery chamber, the air diffuser of giving little flowing velocity in fluidized bed in fact partly is set at siege, form weak liquidation zone, the mobile medium that enter heat recovery chamber from main chamber descend in heat recovery chamber, constitute the circular flow of the bottom connected entrance of above-mentioned the 1st partition wall of process to the main chamber backflow
And in heat recovery chamber's fluidized bed, dispose heat-transfer area.
38, a kind of fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace, it is the fluidized bed stove, it is characterized in that, is divided into vaporizer, combustion chamber and heat recovery chamber by a plurality of partition walls;
In at least one of above-mentioned vaporizer and combustion chamber, form the stream that circles round of the medium that flow, between vaporizer and combustion chamber, form the circular flow of mobile medium;
And the circular flow that medium are flowed in formation between above-mentioned heat recovery chamber and combustion chamber, in heat recovery chamber's fluidized bed, dispose heat-transfer area.
39, according to the described fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace of claim 38, it is characterized in that, the melting chamber portion above above-mentioned vaporizer, combustion chamber and heat recovery chamber, the heat-transfer area of heat is reclaimed in configuration from burning gases.
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| CN 97182489 CN1286749A (en) | 1997-11-04 | 1997-11-04 | Fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace |
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| CN 97182489 CN1286749A (en) | 1997-11-04 | 1997-11-04 | Fluidized bed gasification combustion furnace |
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| CN111602003B (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2022-09-30 | 川崎重工业株式会社 | Fluidized bed furnace and method for operating the same |
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| CN112555863A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-03-26 | 新乡工神锅炉有限公司 | Garbage incinerator with square rotary air separator for eliminating dioxin |
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