CN1283959A - Compsns comprising ratite oil or active fractions thereof and methods of using these compsns. as insect repellents - Google Patents
Compsns comprising ratite oil or active fractions thereof and methods of using these compsns. as insect repellents Download PDFInfo
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- CN1283959A CN1283959A CN98807358A CN98807358A CN1283959A CN 1283959 A CN1283959 A CN 1283959A CN 98807358 A CN98807358 A CN 98807358A CN 98807358 A CN98807358 A CN 98807358A CN 1283959 A CN1283959 A CN 1283959A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/06—Unsaturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/10—Animals; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
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Abstract
This invention provides compositions for repelling insects, particularly biting insects, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and biting flies comprising ratite oil, active fractions of ratite oil obtained by flash chromatography or compositions comprising mixtures of fatty acids found in ratite oil. Also provided are compositions for repelling insects comprising ratite oil, active fractions of ratite oil or compositions comprising mixtures of fatty acids found in ratite oil further comprising at least one additional insect repellent. Methods of repelling insects, particularly biting insects, are provided comprising topically applying ratite oil, active fractions of ratite oil, or compositions comprising mixtures of fatty acids found in ratite oil; or ratite oil, active fractions thereof, or compositions comprising fatty acids found in ratite oil and further comprising at least one additional insect repellent.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the topical insect repellents field.In particular, the invention provides a kind of effective, natural and safe Winged insect repelling agent of biting, this repellant comprises the active fraction that derives from the ratite bird oil of (comprising Rhea (rheas), emu (emus), ostrich (ostriches), apteryx (kiwis) and cassowary (cassowaries)), ratite oil and comprises ratite oil or the composition of its active fraction and lemongrass or lemongrass and saponarin.The present invention also provides these to comprise the composition of ratite oil or its active fraction and at least a other repellant.In addition, the invention provides the composition that is used for the repellent biting insects of the mixture that comprises fatty acid.Also provide and comprise the method that is used for repel insects with these compositions that is coated with.
Background technology
The present invention relates to be used for the composition and the method for repel insects, more particularly, relate to the use natural component, promptly derive from the ratite bird oil of (comprising Rhea, emu, ostrich, apteryx and cassowary), these oily active fractions and comprise ratite oil or its active fraction and at least a other insect repellent such as lemongrass or Metadelphene (DEET), the optional composition that also comprises saponarin comes repellent biting insects such as mosquito and bites winged insect for example composition and the method for midge.Also comprise the composition that is used for repel insects that comprises some fatty acid mixt and be coated with the method that is used for repel insects with these compositions that comprises some fatty acid.
The natural oil of known repel insects comprises garden leaf aldehyde (rotundial) and (derives from fruit of Subtrisect Threeleaf Chastetree (Vitex rotundifolia), (1995) " biotechnology biochemistries " [Biotech Biochem] 59 (10) such as Watanabe K.: 1979-1980); Citronella oil (for example, USP5,346,922); Eucalyptus oil (Watanabe etc. (1993), " agricultural food product The Chemicals " [J.Agric.Food Chem.] 41:2164-2166); Neem oil (Sharma VP etc. (1993), " U.S. mosquito control association magazine " [J.American Mosquito ControlAssociation] 9 (3): 359-360; And pennyroyal oil (Hedeoma pulgioides), anise oil and oil of Flos Chrysanthemi (USP 5,208,209).The natural oil that another kind has repellent activity is saponarin (Croda, Sapindus (Sapindus)).Saponarin had demonstrated the activity with repellent lice already, and can also be used for improving the plate-out ability energy of repellant compositions and reducing greasy.
Yet the insect repellent that is widely used as local application most is N, N-diethyl-toluoyl amine (Metadelphene).When on the skin that is applied to child, Metadelphene once caused spasm.Known Metadelphene also reacts with some plastics and synthetic rubber, and causes skin irritatin (Watanabe etc. (1993), the same).Because these problems and other side effect, the New York has been forbidden the product that comprises 100% Metadelphene.
The active fraction of natural insect repellent is unknown equally mostly.It is known in the art will being become the method for various chemical substances by the compound separation that different components is formed.For example, with flash chromatography on silica gel come the high-speed separation organic compound (referring to, for example, USP 4,293,422).After separation, the effluent that wash-out goes out can reclaim, and tests its interesting activity.
Franz Bencsits (USP 5,589,181) has reported some C
1-C
4-fatty acid alkyl esters and the fatty alcohol that preferably has 5 to 18 carbon atoms have repellent activity.Bencsits discloses: C
1-C
4-fatty acid alkyl esters can be by C
5-C
9-fatty acid obtains, and above-mentioned fatty acid is present in rape seed oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, peanut fat, soybean oil, safflower oil, calyx in caul-fat, cocounut oil, palm-kernel oil, palm oil and fish oil.Fatty alcohol can be obtained by paraffin and ethene.Bencsits also discloses: in order to make active substance, C
1-C
4-fatty acid alkyl esters and/or fatty alcohol evaporation are slowed down, and the plant or the animal oil carrier that comprise natural or similar natural character can be provided.Yet Bencsits does not instruct or mentions composition of the present invention.
Therefore, when still needing to be locally applied to skin, as natural, the safe material of repel insects, particularly biting insects.The active fraction of these materials be comprise the compositions useful of ratite oil or its active fraction and comprise ratite oil or its active fraction and at least a other insect repellent such as the composition of lemongrass, Metadelphene or saponarin.Also need to comprise the composition of the fatty acid mixt of repel insects effectively.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides repel insects, the method for biting insects particularly, this method comprise to the active fraction of receptor's local application ratite oil, ratite oil or comprise the composition of the mixture of fatty acid.The present invention also provides the particularly method of biting insects of repel insects, and the topical application that this method comprises to the experimenter comprises the mixture of ratite oil, its active fraction or fatty acid and the composition of at least a other insect repellent such as lemongrass or Metadelphene.The present invention also provide the active fraction that comprises ratite oil or fatty acid mixture composition or comprise the mixture of ratite oil, its active fraction or fatty acid and the composition that is used for the repellent biting insects of at least a other insect repellent such as lemongrass, Metadelphene or saponarin.The accompanying drawing summary
Fig. 1 shows the mosquito number that exists on the filter paper of 2.5 minutes fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae in water, sucrose or sucrose and dilution (sample 776) processing.Solid triangle shows the filter paper contrast of water treatment.Hollow square shows the filter paper that saccharose treatment is crossed.Closed square shows the paper that the saccharose treatment be added with undiluted sample 776 is crossed.Hollow triangle shows the paper that the saccharose treatment of 50% dilution that is added with sample 776 is crossed.Empty circles shows and to be added with the paper that the saccharose treatment that is diluted to 25% sample 776 is crossed.
Fig. 2 shows every 5 minutes, is present in the number of the mosquito on the level part filter paper of handling of water, sucrose or sucrose and sample 776.Closed square shows the filter paper of water treatment.Hollow square shows the paper of saccharose treatment.The paper that the saccharose treatment that solid triangle demonstration is added with sample 776 is crossed.The paper that the saccharose treatment that hollow triangle demonstration is added with fraction F1 is crossed.The solid circles demonstration is added with grade paper that the saccharose treatment of part F2 is crossed.
Fig. 3 shows F1 level part of fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae
1H NMR spectrum.
Fig. 4 shows F2 level part of fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae
1H NMR spectrum.
Fig. 5 shows the mosquito mean of biting the test limbs every 10 minutes.
Implement mode of the present invention
Run through this application, various publications, patent and patent application that citation is determined are as a reference.The disclosing of these publications, patent and patent application incorporated this into and applied for reference, in the hope of more fully describing the state of the prior art that the present invention relates to.
The invention provides and use the natural safe material that derives from the ratite oil that comprises Rhea, emu, ostrich, apteryx and cassowary to come the particularly method of biting insects of repel insects.The present invention also comprises the method for coming repel insects with the active fraction of ratite oil that is coated with.The present invention also provides the composition of the repel insects that comprises the fatty acid with repellent action.The present invention also provides and comprises that the part is coated with the method for coming repel insects with composition, and described composition comprises the mixture of fatty acid.In preferred embodiments, pure ratite oil is coated on the skin.In another embodiment preferred, the part is coated with the ratite oil with dilution.In another preferred embodiment, the level of ratite oil part is coated onto on the skin.In an embodiment preferred again, the composition that will comprise ratite oil or its active fraction and at least a other insect repellent is coated on the skin.Can comprise with the suitable insect repellent of ratite bird or the combination of its active fraction, but be not limited to: N, the N-diethyl--toluamide (mosquito repellent amine), citronella oil, roundleaf aldehyde oil, eucalyptus oil, neem oil, pennyroyal oil, anise oil, oil of Flos Chrysanthemi and saponarin.
The present invention also provides the activity that comprises ratite oil, ratite oil to heat up in a steamer or the composition that is used for the repellent biting insects of fatty acid mixt.And also provide the composition that comprises ratite oil, its active fraction or fatty acid mixt and at least a other insect repellent.Can or comprise the suitable insect repellent that the composition of fatty acid mixt is used in combination with ratite oil, its active fraction comprises, but be not limited to: N, the N-diethyl--toluamide (mosquito repellent amine), citronella oil, roundleaf aldehyde oil, eucalyptus oil, India's tree oil, pennyroyal oil, anise oil, oil of Flos Chrysanthemi and saponarin.
We find that the compositions table that comprises ratite oil, its active fraction or fatty acid mixt and at least a other insect repellent reveals surprising synergy result.The repellent activity of these compositions is higher than the activity that mixture or other insect repellent of the active fraction of ratite oil, ratite oil, fatty acid uses separately.Observe this synergistic effect when the ratite oil of use dilution and the dilution preparation of other insect repellent too.
Provide following enforcement and be in order further to instruct those skilled in the art, but not be intended to limit by any way the present invention.
Embodiment
Fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae stops falling to mosquito and bites the influence of frequency
For determining whether fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae is effective mosquito-repellent, (Zoogen of California, USA Davis Inc.) is coated onto one of the volunteer on hand, and the another hand is not handled with pure fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae.The cage that has the nylon wire of mosquito (Aedes aegypti) to cover in two hands are placed stops the mosquito number that falls and/or bite inside counting in 30 seconds.Repeat this experiment.Result of experiment is average, and be summarized in the table 1.
Table 1
| The hand that fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae is handled (stop falling/bite number of times) | Untreated hand (stop falling/bite number of times) | |
| | ????0/0 | ????11/11 |
| | ????1/0 | ?????26/26 |
These results confirm that the fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae that the part is coated with usefulness is effective mosquito-repellent.It reduces the number of times that mosquito stops falling widely, and can eliminate fully and bite.
The repelling effect of fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae after a period of time
The fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae that is coated with usefulness for definite part can keep effect how long as mosquito-repellent, and the hand of handling is exposed in the cage that is covered with mosquito when being coated with back 15,30 and 60 minutes.The mosquito of each time point stopped falling and bite number of times and untreated palmistry relatively.The experimental result that repeats is average, and be shown in Table 2.
Table 2
| Be coated with the time after using | The hand that fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae is handled stops the number of times that falls | Untreated hand stops the number of times that falls |
| ????15 | ????4 | ????18 |
| ????30 | ????2 | ????12 |
| ????60 | ????10 | ????12 |
The result shows that fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae still is exactly effective mosquito-repellent at least 30 minutes time.
The effect of the fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae of dilution
Effect for definite fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae that dilutes is diluted to certain percentage with fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae with ethyl acetate, is coated in one on hand, and inserts in the mosquito cage.The number of times that record stops falling.Each diluted concentration repeats experiment.The results are shown in the table 3.
Table 3
| The fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae percentage composition | Number of times (experiment 1) stops falling | Number of times (experiment 2) stops falling | On average stop the number of times that falls |
| ????0 | ????10 | ????9 | ????9.5 |
| ????0.50 | ????10 | ????10 | ????10 |
| ????1.0 | ????5 | ????5 | ????5 |
| ????5.0 | ????6 | ????4 | ????5 |
| ????10.0 | ????4 | ????5 | ????4.5 |
| ????25.0 | ????2 | ????1 | ????1.?5 |
| ????50.0 | ????1 | ????1 | ????1 |
| ????75.0 | ????1 | ????1 | ????1 |
| ????100.0 | ????0 | ????0 | ????0 |
These results confirm that the fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae of amount of dilution is mosquito repellent effectively.Be low to moderate in diluted concentration under 1% the situation, fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae has reduced half with the number of times that mosquito stops falling.Under 25% emu oil condition, the number of times that falls of stopping of mosquito can be reduced to 1/10th of the hand that is untreated.Therefore, fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae 1% or higher concentration under be effective insect repellent.
The validity of the separation of fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae and level part
Basically as Still etc. at " organic chemistry magazine " [J.Organic Chem.] 1978, the method described in the 43:2923 with 850 milligrams of fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae samples (776) steaming, and is separated with flash chromatography on silica gel (Baker silica gel, 40 μ m).From the two kind key components of post with sample under 100% hexane and the 25% ethyl acetate/hexane wash-out.Level part is launched with 50% hexane/ethyl acetate on silica gel plate by thin layer chromatography (TLC), analyze.Component on the TLC plate is observed by plate being exposed under the UV light (show UV chromophore is arranged), and with plate with vanillin/sulfuric acid spraying (show higher alcohol is arranged, the existence of sterol, phenol or essential oil).430 milligrams limpid oil (being called F2), finding has activity and to vanillin/sulfuric acid activity that responds to UV.Second component, 380 milligrams of light yellow oils (being called F1), no UV is active and do not developed the color by vanillin.By
1H NMR (300MHz, CDCl
3) F1 that analyzes and the spectrogram of F2 level part be shown in Fig. 3 and 4.
The biological test of mosquito-repellent by be added with aliquot 776, the saccharose treatment wedge shape filter paper (wedges of fitler paper) of F1 or F2 carries out.The filter paper of water or saccharose treatment in contrast.Sample F 1 and F2 are with full concentration (full strength) or be diluted to 50% or 25% of full concentration with corn oil and experimentize.In regular time intervals, be recorded in the quantity of stopping on the wedge shape filter paper to fall and getting the mosquito of food.The results are shown in table 1 and 2.
As shown in Figure 1, or even be diluted to 25% o'clock of full concentration, crude samples (776) reduces the quantity that lights on the mosquito on the sucrose filter paper greatly.In addition, Fig. 2 shows, compares with the contrast of saccharose treatment, and the F1 of sample 776 and F2 level part are in full concentration and to be diluted under 50% or 25% the condition of full concentration all be effective aspect the mosquito repellent.
Fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae is as the effect of tick repellant
For determining whether fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae is effective tick repellant, experimenter's both hands is handled with fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae, but do not handled finger.As over against photograph, (3M, Minneapolis MN) are coated on hand, but do not handle finger with Ultrathon.Untreated hand is as negative contrast.Black pin tick (the Western Black-legged tick) nymph in the west of not feeding is placed on the finger of these hands, handles or during the skin of untreated hand, observe it when they crawl toward.When tick is climbed on the skin of handling, be recorded as " getting over "; Do not get over, be recorded as " repellent ".After once writing down, tick is removed.Calculate all ticks by the ratio of the test of repellent.For example, in 10 tests repellent is arranged 8 times, meter is 80% as scattering ratio.In this research, each experimenter does tick repellency test, test duration 2 hours 15 minutes one time with 15 minutes intervals.The result is as follows:
Bear and contrast-be untreated skin-scattering ratio 0%
Over against shining Ultrathon (3M)-scattering ratio 70%
Fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae-scattering ratio 40%
There is no indication that reaching about two hours duration of test, scattering ratio descends to some extent.
The composition of fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae and lemongrass is to the influence of bite by mosquitos frequency
Whether can improve the mosquito repelling effect of fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae for determining lemongrass, with independent fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae and comprise fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae and lemongrass composition (30 pure fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae of 100% citronella oil/25mL) repellent activity with over against photograph, Ultrathon_ (3M, Minneapolis, MN, approximately 31%DEET) compare.Lemongrass (citronella (Cymbopagon nardus)) oil obtains from the Aura Cacia of California Weaverville.
Test is on the low island (Florida Keys) of Fo Luoli, and promptly big pine tree hangs down island (Big Pine Key) and carry out on the low island (Little Pine Key) of young pines.Duration of test, air themperature is 24-26 ℃, and is fine, and gentle breeze is arranged.Near or invasion and attack experimenter's mosquito in to have more than 99% be Florida yellow-fever mosquito (Aedes taeniorhynchus).
In research for the first time, three experimenters coat pure fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae, and an experimenter coats Ultrathon, and two experimenters are as negative contrast.In research for the second time, citronella oil is added in the fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae.Three experimenters coat the composition that comprises fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae and lemongrass, and two experimenters coat Ultrathon, and two experimenters are as negative contrast.Six participants are employees that the mosquito control service company (Mosquito Control Service) in sieve (Monroe) county is covered in the Florida State.During processing oil and composition evenly are coated to the surface of pin and hand.Before being coated with usefulness, calculate the surface area that each experimenter is coated with usefulness.Test material is coated with usefulness with the dosage of about 3mL/650 square centimeter surface area.
With the number of times that a series of 10 minute time period counted and the record experimenter is bitten.Counting is recorded on the data sheet.In research for the first time, experimental stage is 2 hours, is divided into 12 continuous recording periods in 10 minutes.In test for the second time, test since during briefly draw together wind for twice and need move to the position that mosquito is more intensive in this test place (that is, the higher position of biting rate being arranged) and be interrupted.Like this, comprise break period, total test period section is two hours 25 minutes.
In whole conceptual phase, measure environment with experimenter's untreated control limbs person and bite rate.For twice test, it is enough that average environment is bitten rate, and its scope is (average=38.5 between 17 to 70 times at interval between per 10 minutes; Referring to Fig. 5).
During whole test, fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae and over against according to Ultrathon equal mosquito repellent.The composition that comprises fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae and citronella oil is especially effectively (referring to Fig. 5) as repellant.The repellent activity of independent fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae can reduce the number of times bitten to per ten minutes average 5.7 times.The composition that comprises fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae and lemongrass is approaching over against shining Ultrathon.Specifically, fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae/lemongrass composition is to bite 0.8 time in per ten minutes, and Ultrathon was bitten 0.2 time in per ten minutes.During whole test, fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae, the composition that comprises fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae and lemongrass and Ultrathon all can reduce the frequency of biting of Florida yellow-fever mosquito (Aedes taeniorhynchus) widely.The composition that comprises fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae and lemongrass is more effective than independent fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae, and its protection effect that provides can be compared with the mosquito-repellent of registering in Environmental Protection Agency USA (EPA).Do not observe fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae and the lemongrass sign of repellent activity decay as time goes by.
The composition of fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae, lemongrass and saponarin is to biting the influence of biting frequency of midge
Keep away the effectiveness of agent for the composition of determining to comprise fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae, lemongrass and saponarin as insect, carry out a test that has 8 people to participate in, wherein independent fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae or the fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae and lemongrass and saponarin processing of three humans.The negative contrast of other three conducts, and the remaining commercial insect repellent of two humans, i.e. Ultrathon
TM(a kind of repellant) and Treo based on Metadelphene
TM(a kind of repellant based on plant) handled.Test is carried out in three places: a) the low island (Big Pine Key) of the big pine tree of Florida; B) beautiful child's tropical garden of Florida Miami (Fairchild Tropical Gardens); And c) the Thelma Hopkins village in Belize, Sino-U.S. state (Hopkins Village).At each duration of test, the test temperature scope is 21-24 ℃, and is fine, and gentle breeze is arranged.
Prepare two parts of fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae preparations and be used for test: a) independent 100% fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae; And b) the 20mL fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae adds 30 citronella oils and 2mL saponarin (Croda, Sapindus (Sapindus)).
Two portions of commercial repellants are with the contrast of making comparisons, and they are: a) Ultrathon
TM(3M_, Minneapolis, MN, the product based on Metadelphene in Environmental Protection Agency USA (EPA) registration approximately contains 32% Metadelphene); And b) Treo
TM(Primvera Laboratories, Inc._ contain SPF 15 washing lotions of 0.05% lemongrass.)
Negative contrast is untreated skin.
Substances is coated on the skin of experimenter's forearm or shank.Be coated with before, calculate the area of skin surface area of each experimenter's processing.Being coated with dosage (except Ultrathon) of substances is 3.0mL/650cm
2, this dosage is suitable with dosage used in the herbaceous plant repellant research of EPA registration.Ultrathon is with the 1mL/650cm of manufacturer's recommended
2Dosage be coated with usefulness.
Be recorded in beginning in per ten minutes once successively between sampling period, each experimenter's processing or contrast surface are by the number of times of midges bite, whole test continues about 1 hour.EPA approval 1 hour is for claiming the protection duration required when biting fly for a short time anti-repelling properties is arranged.
The results are shown in hereinafter in the table 4.
Table 4
| The prescription of test substances | The number of times of sampling in 10 minutes | The average time of insect bites | Insect bites number of times: standard deviation |
| Contrast | ????36 | ????5.61 | ????4.07 |
| Fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae (100%) | ????12 | ????0.67 | ????1.11 |
| Fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae+lemongrass and saponarin | ????36 | ????0.19 | ????0.46 |
| ?Treo | ????12 | ????2.75 | ????3.49 |
| ?Ultrathon | ????12 | ????0 | ????0 |
The rate of biting of each substances is compared the much lower of photograph.Use fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae and use the rate of biting of fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae, lemongrass and saponarin composition to compare the much lower of photograph, and lower than the herbaceous plant repellant Treo of EPA registration.Fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae, lemongrass and saponarin composition can prevent to bite in many sampling periods fully, are only recording clear and definite biting (after once biting, having another time to bite) in first sampling period and experimenter 3 in the 3rd sampling period in 30 minutes on the experimenter 1.Therefore, when making up with herbaceous plant repellant such as lemongrass, fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae has outstanding synergistic effect.
Embodiment 8
The synergy repellent action of fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae
It is 0.02% that fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae is diluted with ethanol to final concentration, preparation fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae preparation. Skintastic
TM(S.C.Johnson) being diluted with ethanol to final concentration is 0.01%.Prepare dilution OFF! 1: 1 solution (volume ratio) with the fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae that dilutes. , 0.02% fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae of 10mL dilution and 1: 1: 1 solution that 10mL ethanol is formed.
For determining whether the combination of fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae and other insect repellent has adduction and/or synergistic effect, independent and composite test with these preparations.Each preparation is coated with uses the volunteer on hand, and is exposed to Aedes aegypti (Aedes aegypti) population 20 seconds.For each preparation, test repeats three times. Negative contrast is the skin that is untreated.The results are shown in hereinafter in the table 5 of this test.
The insect bites number of times of each processing of table 5
| 0.02% fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae | 0.01％ OFF！ | 1: 1 mixture | With 1: 1: 1 liquor-saturated mixture of second | 100% fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae | 100％ OFF！ | |
| 4 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| 4 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| 3 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| Average 3.67 | Average 5.00 | Average 1.33 | Average 1.00 | Average 0.00 | Average 0.00 | Average 4.67 |
These results show when the fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae of dilution makes up at the repellant with other dilution (being the Metadelphene repellant in the case), to have the repellent effect of adduction, synergy.
Embodiment 9
We find that the NMR of the active fraction of the fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae that characterizes among the embodiment 4 spectrum is corresponding to the spectrum of fatty acid in the above.Preparation comprises the known composition that is present in some fatty acid in the fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae of percentage, and tests its repellent activity.Table 6 hereinafter is a kind of chemical composition of such composition and the comparative information of comparing with corn oil and soybean oil.Wherein, known corn oil does not have anti-repelling properties, and soybean oil is a kind of insect repellent BiteBlocker of nearest listing
TM(consep.Inc.Bend, component OR).The percentage of listing in the fatty acid of corn oil in the table 6 and soybean oil derives from deMan, John M, the basic principle of Food Chemistry " Principles of Food Chemistry " (Avi Publishing Co., 1980).The percentage of the fatty acid in fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae is from FASTRAX Ratites, Inc., SantaYnez, cA obtains, be disclosed among the WO 92/08470 (Ghosh etc.), this patent report the antiphlogistic activity of fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae.
Table 6
| Fatty acid | Milligram number in the mixture | Percentage in the mixture | Percentage in the commerical grade fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae | Percentage among the WO 92/08470 in the fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae of report | Percentage in the corn oil | Percentage in the soybean oil |
| Myristic acid (14: 0) | ????20 | ????0.9 | ????0.5 | ????0.32 | ????- | Trace |
| Arachidonic acid (20: 4) | ????4.2 | ????0.2 | ????- | ????0.2 | ????- | ????- |
| Palmitic acid (16: 0) | ????625 | ????28.7 | ????23 | ????21.3 | ????13 | ????11 |
| Stearic acid (18: 0) | ????222 | ????10.2 | ????10 | ????7.8 | ????4 | ????4 |
| Linolenic acid (18: 3) | ????12.2 | ????0.56 | ????0.7 | ????0.4 | ????- | ????9 |
| Palmitoleic acid (16: 1) | ????83 | ????3.8 | ????- | ????5.6 | ????- | ????- |
| Oleic acid (18: 1) | ????1008 | ????46.4 | ????45 | ????54.5 | ??????29 | ????25 |
| Linoleic acid (18: 2) | ????200.3 | ????9.2 | ????10 | ????7.2 | ????54 | ????51 |
Test according to the experiment of reporting in the previous embodiment.Test is carried out outdoor, and the place is located at wild plant district, New Mexico, and wherein the main kind of mosquito is to disturb yellow-fever mosquito (Aedesvexans), a kind of aggressive biting insects.Test afternoon morning of summer months (1430-1630, test 1) and evening the afternoon/(1515-1915 tests 2) at dusk, near height above sea level is about 2500 meters brook, carry out.In the independent test of binomial, four experimenters apply the aliphatic acid composition that is shown in Table 6 of about 2.5mL at an one forearm altogether.Each experimenter's another forearm is not handled, in contrast.
In test 1, three experimenters expose two hours.The environment of every untreated forearm of per minute is bitten and is approximately three times.The arm surface of experimenter's processing is bitten at two hours duration of test.
In test 2, an experimenter exposes four hours.The environment of measuring per 24 every forearms during 10 minutes is bitten rate.Environment is bitten rate average out to per minute and is bitten for 0.5 time, and scope is to bite per minute 0 to 1.5 time.Experimenter after being coated with composition about 225 minutes, the forearm surface of handling is subjected to once biting.On the contrary, experimenter's untreated control forearm surface has suffered to bite for 116 times at 240 minutes duration of test.
Therefore, these results confirm that comprising the composition that is present in the fatty acid mixt in the ratite class oil is effective as insect repellent.
After the present invention done comprehensive description, be appreciated that those skilled in the art need not to carry out numerous and diverse experiment, just can implement the present invention, and not depart from spirit of the present invention and scope under very wide synchronization parameters, concentration and condition.Though the present invention is described with its specific embodiment, obviously, can do other change to it.The application's scope should comprise of the present invention any variation, purposes or the improvement that obtains according to rule of the present invention, and comprise the expansion of content disclosed by the invention, as long as it is in the present invention relates to the known of field or conventional practice scope and suitable with essential characteristic in claims scope.
Claims (21)
1. the composition of a repel insects, it comprises ratite oil.
2. the composition of claim 1, wherein the ratite bird is selected from: Rhea, emu, ostrich, apteryx and cassowary.
3. the composition of a repel insects, it comprises the active fraction of ratite oil.
4. the composition of claim 3, wherein the ratite bird is selected from: Rhea, emu, ostrich, apteryx and cassowary.
5. the composition of claim 4, wherein said active fraction are that this grade part has shown in Figure 3 by level that the fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae flash chromatography is obtained part
1H NMR (300MHz, CDCl
3) compose, and ultraviolet light is had activity and vanillin/sulfuric acid is had reactivity.
6. the composition of claim 4, wherein said active fraction are that this grade part has shown in Figure 4 by level that the fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae flash chromatography is obtained part
1H NMR (300MHz, CDCl
3) spectrum, and be to ultraviolet light and vanillin/sulfuric acid anergy.
7. the composition of a repel insects, it comprises the mixture that is present in the fatty acid in the ratite oil.
8. the composition of claim 7, wherein said ratite bird is selected from: Rhea, emu, ostrich, apteryx and cassowary.
9. the composition of claim 7, wherein said fatty acid is myristic acid, arachidonic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, linolenic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid.
10. according to each composition of claim 1 to 9, also comprise at least a other insect repellent.
11. the composition of claim 10, wherein said other insect repellent is selected from N, the N-diethyl--toluamide (Metadelphene), lemongrass and saponarin.
12. the method for a repel insects, it comprises the part and is coated with the composition that comprises ratite oil.
13. the method for claim 12, wherein said ratite bird is selected from: Rhea, emu, ostrich, apteryx and cassowary.
14. the method for a repel insects, it comprises the part and is coated with the composition of using the active fraction that comprises ratite oil.
15. the method for claim 14, wherein said ratite bird is selected from: Rhea, emu, ostrich, apteryx and cassowary.
16. the method for a repel insects, it comprises the part and is coated with the composition that is present in the fatty acid mixt in the ratite oil.
17. the method for claim 16, wherein said fatty acid are myristic acid, arachidonic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, linolenic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid.
18. the method for a repellent biting insects, it comprises that the part is coated with the step of composition that comprises fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae level part, and wherein said level part is by obtaining the fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae flash chromatography, and this grade part has shown in Figure 3
1H NMR (300MHz, CDCl
3) spectrum, and ultraviolet light had activity and to responding property of vanillin/sulfuric acid.
19. the method for a repellent biting insects, it comprises that the part is coated with the step of composition that comprises fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae level part, and wherein said level part is by obtaining the fat of Oromaius norvaehollandeae flash chromatography, and this grade part has shown in Figure 4
1H NMR (300MHz, CDCl
3) spectrum, and to ultraviolet light and vanillin/sulfuric acid anergy.
20. according to each method of claim 12 to 19, wherein said composition also comprises at least a other insect repellent.
21. the method for claim 20, wherein, described other insect repellent is selected from N, the N-diethyl--toluamide (Metadelphene), lemongrass and saponarin.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/876,268 | 1997-06-16 | ||
| US08/876,268 US5929113A (en) | 1996-03-15 | 1997-06-16 | Compositions comprising EMU oil or active fractions thereof and methods of using these compositions as insect repellents |
| US91442997A | 1997-08-19 | 1997-08-19 | |
| US08/914,429 | 1997-08-19 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1283959A true CN1283959A (en) | 2001-02-14 |
Family
ID=27128402
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN98807358A Pending CN1283959A (en) | 1997-06-16 | 1998-05-07 | Compsns comprising ratite oil or active fractions thereof and methods of using these compsns. as insect repellents |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0989804A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2002504141A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1283959A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU756465B2 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL133486A0 (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ501679A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1998057542A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6538027B2 (en) | 1996-03-15 | 2003-03-25 | Agraquest, Inc. | Compositions comprising ratite oil or active fractions thereof and methods of using these composition as insect repellents |
| US20030124165A1 (en) * | 2001-12-24 | 2003-07-03 | Vollhardt Juergen Herbert | Insect repellent composition comprising tarchonanthus comphoratus and repellency enhancer |
| MXPA05012523A (en) | 2003-05-22 | 2006-02-08 | Bioniche Life Sciences Inc | Insect repellent. |
| CN106999460B (en) * | 2014-08-12 | 2021-07-09 | 信息化学和应用神经研究所 | Palmitoleic acid for inhibiting sea lice from adhering to fish |
| WO2018168581A1 (en) * | 2017-03-14 | 2018-09-20 | イビデン株式会社 | Insect repellent and method for producing insect repellent |
| FR3079716B1 (en) * | 2018-04-05 | 2020-04-24 | Evergreen Land Limited | INSECT REPELLENT COMPOSITION COMPRISING INSECTIC FATTY ACID HAVING BETWEEN 9 AND 21 CARBON ATOMS |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5431924A (en) * | 1990-11-14 | 1995-07-11 | Emu Products Western Australia Pty. Ltd. | Anti-inflammatory composition derived from emu oil |
| DE4206090C2 (en) * | 1992-02-27 | 1998-02-05 | Perycut Chemie Ag | Insect repellent |
| US5626882A (en) * | 1996-03-15 | 1997-05-06 | Agraquest, Inc. | Method of using EMU oil as an insect repellent |
| US5677338A (en) * | 1996-03-15 | 1997-10-14 | Agraquest, Inc. | Methods of using emu oil and active fractions thereof as an insect repellent |
-
1998
- 1998-05-07 NZ NZ501679A patent/NZ501679A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-05-07 JP JP50440099A patent/JP2002504141A/en active Pending
- 1998-05-07 CN CN98807358A patent/CN1283959A/en active Pending
- 1998-05-07 AU AU73672/98A patent/AU756465B2/en not_active Expired
- 1998-05-07 IL IL13348698A patent/IL133486A0/en unknown
- 1998-05-07 WO PCT/US1998/009026 patent/WO1998057542A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-05-07 EP EP98920953A patent/EP0989804A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0989804A1 (en) | 2000-04-05 |
| NZ501679A (en) | 2001-11-30 |
| AU756465B2 (en) | 2003-01-16 |
| AU7367298A (en) | 1999-01-04 |
| JP2002504141A (en) | 2002-02-05 |
| IL133486A0 (en) | 2001-04-30 |
| WO1998057542A1 (en) | 1998-12-23 |
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