CN1280712A - Metal-air fuel cell battery systems employing metal fuel cards - Google Patents

Metal-air fuel cell battery systems employing metal fuel cards Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1280712A
CN1280712A CN 98811640 CN98811640A CN1280712A CN 1280712 A CN1280712 A CN 1280712A CN 98811640 CN98811640 CN 98811640 CN 98811640 A CN98811640 A CN 98811640A CN 1280712 A CN1280712 A CN 1280712A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
metal
metal fuel
discharge
fuel
card
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Pending
Application number
CN 98811640
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
塞德格·M·法里斯
采宾·特萨伊
姚文斌
张元民
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Reveo Inc
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Reveo Inc
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Publication date
Priority claimed from US08/944,507 external-priority patent/US6296960B1/en
Priority claimed from US09/074,337 external-priority patent/US6472093B2/en
Priority claimed from US09/110,761 external-priority patent/US6335111B1/en
Priority claimed from US09/110,762 external-priority patent/US6299997B1/en
Priority claimed from US09/112,596 external-priority patent/US6228519B1/en
Priority claimed from US09/116,643 external-priority patent/US6306534B1/en
Priority claimed from US09/130,341 external-priority patent/US6287715B1/en
Priority claimed from US09/130,325 external-priority patent/US6641943B1/en
Application filed by Reveo Inc filed Critical Reveo Inc
Publication of CN1280712A publication Critical patent/CN1280712A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • Y02E60/522—
    • Y02T90/168—
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S30/00—Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
    • Y04S30/10—Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
    • Y04S30/12—Remote or cooperative charging

Abstract

Disclosed are various types of metal-air FCB-based systems (110) comprising a metal-fuel transport subsystem (111), a metal-fuel discharging subsystem (115), and a metal-fuel recharging subsystem (117). The function of the metal-fuel transport subsytem is to transport metal-fuel cards or sheets to the metal-fuel discharge subsystem, or the metal-fuel recharge subsystem, depending on the mode of the system selected. When transported to or through the metal-fuel discharge subsystem, each metal-fuel card (112) is discharged by electrochemical reaction with one or more discharging heads in order to produce electrical power across an electrical load (116) connected to the subsystem, while water and oxygen are consumed at the cathode-electrolyte interface during electrochemical reaction. When transported to or through the Metal-Fuel Recharging Subsystem, discharged metal-fuel is recharged by one or more recharging heads in order to convert the oxidized metal-fuel material into its source metal material suitable for reuse in power discharging operations, while O2 is released at the cathode-electrolyte interface during the electrochemical reaction. In the illustrative embodiments, various forms of metal fuel can be discharged and recharged in an efficient manner to satisfy a broad range of electrical loading conditions.

Description

Utilize the metal air fuel cell group system of metal fuel card
Background of the present invention
Technical field
The present invention relates to be used for optimally improved method and system, and relate to and be used for the improved method and system that optimally the metal air fuel cell group system recharged in mode fast and effectively metal air fuel cell group (FCB) system discharge.
Description of the Prior Art
The sequence number of pending trial is No.08/944 at the same time, and in No. 507 U.S. Patent applications, the applicant discloses several novel metal air-fuel battery groups (FCB) system.During producing electric energy, when the medium that has ionic conduction when injecting electrolytical gelinite, the metal fuel band transmits on a fixed negative pole structure.According to known electrochemical principle, owing to produce electric energy from this system, therefore, the metal fuel band that is transmitted is oxidized.
Comparing with the electrochemical discharge device of prior art, is No.08/944 at sequence number, and the metal-air FCB system of disclosed the sort of type has lot of advantages in No. 507 U.S. Patent applications.For example, an advantage is to produce electrical power in the required output voltage values scope of certain electric load condition.Another advantage is that the battery pack recharging period that carries out during carrying out discharge operation can repeat the metal-air band of oxidation to restore (that is, recharging).
In U.S. Patent No. 5,250.370, the applicant discloses the improved system and method that a kind of metal fuel band that is used for the oxidation used in the metal-air FCB of prior art system recharges.Be integrated in the metal-air FCB discharge system by inciting somebody to action again and again charging head, this technical improvement can recharge the metal fuel band in theory quickly, so that reuse in the FCB discharge operation.But, in fact there are many expections to use, that is, in discharge with recharge pattern operating period,, therefore may not wish to utilize the metal fuel of band forms owing to need particular organization to come to transmit the metal fuel band usually by this system.
Therefore, be starved of in this area a kind of can overcome limitation of the prior art, be used for metal fuel discharge and the improved method and apparatus that recharges.
The present invention is open
Therefore, a main purpose of the present invention provide a kind of can avoid shortcoming of the prior art, be used for improved method and apparatus that metal air fuel cell group (FCB) is discharged and recharged.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of system that is used for one group of metal fuel card or sheet discharge.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this system, wherein, provides metal fuel card or sheet from tray salver class cassette arrangement etc.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this system, wherein, each metal fuel card or sheet automatically is loaded between the discharge of this system from tray salver.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of being used for the metal fuel card of oxidation or system that sheet recharges during the discharge operation pattern.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this system, wherein, the metal fuel card or the sheet of each oxidation manually is loaded between the discharge of system, and, recharging after (that is, reducing) finish, between this discharge, discharge this card in semi-automatic mode.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this system, wherein, the metal fuel card or the sheet of each oxidation automatically are loaded between the discharge of system, and, recharging (promptly, reduce) finish after, automatically mode is discharged this card between this discharge, and the metal fuel card of another oxidation is loaded into automatically wherein to recharge.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this system, wherein, the metal fuel card or the sheet of a plurality of oxidations automatically is sent to this system, to carry out high rate discharge.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of so improved method and apparatus, be used for by mode can optimally the metal air fuel cell group being recharged at recharging period, by making this metal air fuel cell group discharge, on electric loading, produce electrical power with electrochemical means.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of metal-air FCB system, wherein, a plurality of metal fuels can be clamped and be downloaded between metal fuel card discharge, and can in metal fuel card discharge subsystem, discharge simultaneously, so that on the electric loading that is connected thereto, produce and provide electrical power.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this metal-air FCB system, wherein, a plurality of metal fuels can be clamped be downloaded to the metal fuel card recharge between in, and recharge simultaneously, so that will convert its virgin metal fuel along the metal oxide of metal fuel card to, in discharge operation, to reuse.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this metal-air FCB system, wherein, and metal fuel card discharge and recharge subsystem and can operate simultaneously, and be subjected to the system that synthesizes, as the management of the relevant system controller of electrical power management system.
Another purpose of the present invention provides such metal-air FCB system, and it is designed to make the one group of metal fuel card or the sheet that provide from the boxlike storage device to discharge.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this system, and wherein, metal fuel card or sheet that each (again) charged automatically are sent between the discharge of this system from the boxlike storage device.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this system, it is designed to store the metal fuel card or the sheet of a plurality of (again) charging, so that automatically be sent between the discharge of system from it, and store the metal fuel card or the sheet of a plurality of discharges, so that automatically send back the boxlike storage device between this discharge.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this system, wherein, the metal fuel card of each oxidation or sheet automatically are sent between recharging of system from the boxlike storage device, and recharging (promptly, reduction) afterwards, the metal fuel card that recharges automatically sends back the boxlike storage device, recharges between recharging and the metal fuel card of another oxidation automatically is sent to from the boxlike storage device.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this system, wherein, the metal fuel card or the sheet of a plurality of oxidations automatically is sent to system, so that carry out the high power discharge operation.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of metal-air FCB system, wherein, a plurality of metal fuels can be clamped between the metal fuel card discharge of the system of being downloaded to, and discharge therein simultaneously is so that provide electrical power to electric loading.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this system, wherein, a plurality of metal fuels can be clamped between recharging of the system of being downloaded to, recharge therein simultaneously, so that will convert its virgin metal fuel along the metal oxide of metal fuel card to, so that in follow-up discharge operation, reuse.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this system, wherein, the discharge of metal fuel card is set and recharges subsystem, makes it to operate simultaneously under with synthesis system, as the management of the relevant system controller of electrical power management system.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of metal air fuel cell group system, it comprises metal fuel discharge subsystem, wherein, automatically detect, write down and handle discharge parameter, relative humidity as partial pressure of oxygen, negative electrode-bath surface in cathode to anode voltage and current value, the discharge negative electrode, so that employed control data signal when being created in real-time control discharge parameter, thus can be to save time and energy-conservation effective and efficient manner is discharged to metal fuel material.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of metal air fuel cell group system, it comprises that metal fuel recharges subsystem, wherein, automatically detect, write down and processing recharges parameter, as cathode to anode voltage and current value, recharge the relative humidity of partial pressure of oxygen in the negative electrode, negative electrode-bath surface, so that employed control data signal when being created in real-time control and recharging parameter, thus can be to save time and energy-conservation effective and efficient manner recharges the metal fuel material of discharge.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of metal air fuel cell group system, it comprises that the metal fuel discharge subsystem and the metal fuel that are subjected to the system controller management recharge subsystem, wherein, during the discharge operation pattern, automatically detect, the record discharge parameter, as cathode to anode voltage and current value, partial pressure of oxygen in the discharge negative electrode, the relative humidity of negative electrode-bath surface, and automatically read and handle, recharge employed control data signal when control recharges parameter during the operator scheme so that be created in, thus can be to save time and energy-conservation effective and efficient manner recharges the metal fuel material of discharge.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this system, wherein, during recharging operator scheme, automatically detect (as sensing) and record and recharge parameter, as cathode to anode voltage and current value, recharge the relative humidity of partial pressure of oxygen in the negative electrode, negative electrode-bath surface, and automatically read and handle, so that employed control data signal when being created in during the discharge operation pattern control discharge parameter, thus can be to save time and energy-conservation effective and efficient manner recharges metal fuel material.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this system, wherein, utilize light or magnetic device to give each zone or subarea mark one digital code of metal fuel material, enable the record data relevant during the discharge operation pattern, so that visit and use when execution comprises the various bookkeeping that recharges operation fast and effectively in the future with discharge.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this system, wherein, recharging operating period, reads the load state information that is write down from memory, and with the electric current and the magnitude of voltage that head keeps that recharge of the system of being set in.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this system and method, wherein, in when discharge record discharge condition, and comes optimally the metal fuel material of discharge to be recharged recharging operating period with it.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this system, wherein, at interdischarge interval, utilizes the miniature optical reader that is provided with in the system, and each the regional bar code figures sign along metal fuel material is carried out optical detection.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this system, wherein, during recharging, utilizes the miniature optical reader that is provided with in the system, comes each the regional bar code data along the metal fuel material of discharging is carried out optical detection.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this system, and wherein, system controller is recorded in the information of the momentary load state of relevant each zone along metal fuel material (that is sheet) in the memory.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this system, wherein, utilize light or magnetic device, give along each zone or subarea mark one digital code of the metal fuel of metal fuel Ka Dao (track) length, enable the record data relevant during the discharge operation pattern, so that visit and use when execution comprises the various bookkeeping that recharges operation fast and effectively in the future with discharge.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this system, and wherein, system controller is recorded in the information of the momentary load state of relevant each zone along metal fuel material (that is sheet) in the memory.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this system, and it has the discharge head assembly, and each discharge head comprises conductive cathode mechanism, ionic conduction medium and anode contact mechanism.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this system, and it has and recharges an assembly, and each discharge head comprises conductive cathode mechanism, ionic conduction medium and anode contact mechanism.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of metal-air FCB power generation module of compact conformation, is used for providing electrical power to the host computer system with battery pack storage compartments.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this power generation module, the module housing that comprises compact conformation, be encapsulated in this module housing and a metal fuel card can slip into the wherein discharge head to discharge, wherein, this module housing has a pair of electric terminal, is used for the power end of contact host computer system when this module housing being loaded into the battery pack storage compartments of host computer system.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this FCB power generation module, and wherein, host computer system can be to need electrical power to carry out any equipment, electronic installation, system or the instrument of its operation.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of metal-air FCB power generation module, is suitable for inserting the battery pack storage compartments of the traditional home appliance device that needs the DC electrical power to carry out its operation, battery powered toy, electronic instrument or any other battery powered device.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this FCB power generation module, and it has the form factor of actual any conventional batteries power supply, (for example 2 AA batteries, 4 AAAA batteries, 1 Voltaic battery, 2 C batteries etc.).
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of storage cover, be used for showing a plurality of metal fuel cards (and possible replacement negative electrode box) of depositing at selling period in the shop, and be used at shirt pocket, briefcase, wallet or other portable units, so that afterwards when needing extra metal fuel to come when FCB power generation module produces electrical power continuously, to use.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this FCB power generation module, wherein, between a pair of cathode construction in the microminiature module housing of the formation coefficient with conventional batteries type the double-sided metal fuel card is set.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of rechargeable metal-air FCB power generation module that uses in multiple systems and device.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this FCB power generation module, wherein, a plurality of cathode/anode structure of configuration in module housing, this module housing has lid hinged or that connect slidably, so that air can pass through this cathode construction.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this FCB power generation module, and wherein, the voltage of power output can be selected by a switch that is positioned at this module housing outside by the user.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of so improved method and system, be used for producing electrical power from metal-air FCB system, thereby can satisfy the peak power requirement of the electric loading that is connected thereto satisfactorily, also overcome the shortcoming and the limitation of prior art simultaneously.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of electrical power based on metal-air FCB technology and produces system, it can be as being installed in the peak power requirements that need satisfy electric loading (as power set, motor, equipment, machine, instrument etc.) with electrical power generation system in generation electric energy station in any system, device and the environment of the irrelevant reality of the remaining metal fuel total amount that does not consume.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this system, and wherein, the network of metal-air FCB system is connected to the output power bus structure, and is subjected to the control of the network control subsystem relevant with based on network metal fuel management (database) subsystem.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this system, is used to be installed in vehicles such as means of transportation, and gives used a plurality of motor power supply, need not to recharge at the long interior promotion vehicle of distance.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this system, wherein, gives the output power bus structure power supply of system by making selected metal-air subsystem, controls the electrical power output by its generation.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this system, wherein, the metal fuel in each FCB subsystem managed, thus the metal fuel that can be used for producing at any time power that makes each this FCB subsystem have substantially the same quantity.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this system, wherein, manage the metal fuel in the network of metal-air FCB subsystem according to the balanced principle of metal fuel, thereby, on average, in each FCB subsystem, the available metal fuel quantity that can be used for discharging at any time is basic identical.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of electrical power and produces system, it be used as can be installed in the peak power requirements that need satisfy electric loading (as motor, equipment, machine, instrument etc.) and with electrical power generation system in generation electric energy station in any system, device and the environment of the irrelevant reality of the remaining metal fuel total amount that does not consume.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this system, wherein, when such as the host computer system of haulage vehicle along the level land or during downslope motion, only one or several metal-air FCB subsystem that startup can be referred to as power cylinder (power cylinder) makes it operation, and attempt to surpass another vehicle or during along upslope motion, starts a plurality of or whole power cylinders and make it to move when this host computer system.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this system, wherein, metal fuel in the network of metal-air FCB subsystem is managed, thereby in metal air fuel unit subsystem, produce the remaining information that does not consume (or consumption not yet in effect) metal fuel amount in relevant any metal-air FCB subsystem, and provide it to based on network metal fuel management database, the metal fuel that this database is used for not consuming by network control subsystem is sent to the discharge head assembly of these subsystems, simultaneously, manage metal fuel consumption according to the balanced principle of metal fuel.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this system, wherein, can satisfy the peak power requirements of host computer system all the time, and no matter remaining metal fuel total amount how in metal-air FCB subsystem network.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this system, and wherein, this system can utilize all metal fuels that comprised in the network of metal fuel FCB subsystem, produces the electrical power that its quantity is enough to satisfy the host computer system peak power requirements.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this system, and wherein, the metal fuel that is comprised in each metal-air FCB subsystem realizes that with the form of one group of metal fuel card this group metal fuel card can transmit through its discharge head assembly.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this system, and wherein, the metal fuel card that discharge comprises a plurality of metal fuels road, is using when metal-air FCB subsystem produces different output voltages.
These and other purposes of the present invention will become clear in the back.
The accompanying drawing summary
In order more completely to understand each purpose of the present invention, should read following detailed description with reference to accompanying drawing to illustrative examples of the present invention, in the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of first illustrative examples of expression metal-air FCB of the present invention system, wherein, more than first metal fuel cards (or sheet) that recharge partly manually are loaded between the discharge of its metal fuel card discharge subsystem, recharge between recharging of subsystem and the metal fuel card (or sheet) of more than second a plurality of discharges partly manually is loaded into its metal fuel card;
Fig. 2 A1 is the general schematic diagram of the metal-air FCB system of Fig. 1, wherein, during the metal fuel card is expressed as between the discharge that will insert metal fuel card discharge subsystem, and does not insert during the metal fuel card recharges between recharging of subsystem;
Fig. 2 A2 is the general schematic diagram of the metal-air FCB system of Fig. 1, wherein, and during the metal fuel card of Fig. 1 is expressed as between the discharge that is loaded into metal fuel card discharge subsystem;
Fig. 2 A3 is the general schematic diagram of the metal fuel card discharge subsystem of Fig. 2 A1 and 2A2, wherein is shown in further detail its subassembly, and its all metal fuel cards are extracted out from its discharge head assembly;
Fig. 2 A4 is the schematic diagram of the metal fuel card discharge subsystem of Fig. 2 A1 and 2A2, wherein is shown in further detail its subassembly, and its metal fuel card inserts between the negative electrode and anode contact structures of its each discharge head;
Fig. 2 A5 is expression high level flow chart in the related basic step of the interdischarge interval (producing electrical power by it) of metal fuel card when using the metal fuel card shown in Fig. 2 A3 to 2A4 to discharge subsystem;
Fig. 2 A6 is the perspective view of the cathode supporting structure that utilizes in each discharge head of metal fuel card shown in Fig. 2 A3 and 2A4 discharge subsystem, and comprise 5 parallel passages, in its assembled state, support electrolytical of the injection of conductive cathode bar and ionic conduction therein securely;
Fig. 2 A7 is mounted in the negative electrode in the support channels of the cathode supporting structure shown in Fig. 2 A6 and injects the decomposition diagram of electrolytical state of note and partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) transducer;
Fig. 2 A8 is the perspective view of the cathode construction of the present invention's first exemplary embodiment, shows as its complete assembled state, and is applicable to the discharge head shown in Fig. 2 A3 and the 2A4;
Fig. 2 A9 is at Fig. 1, the perspective view of a unoxidized metal fuel card part of using in the discharge of metal fuel card shown in 2A3 and the 2A4 subsystem, expression: (ⅰ) its parallel metal fuel bar can be positioned among Fig. 2 A8 in the cathode strip in the cathode construction of the discharge head shown in the part, (ⅱ) data track of encoding of graphs (track) comprises the code sign of sign metal fuel card, and during discharge operation, enforcement (ⅰ) is read (or visit) from data storage and is recharged parameter and/or metal fuel designation data, they with formerly recharge and/or discharge operation during in advance the record the metal fuel identification data relevant, (ⅱ) detected discharge parameter of record and the metal oxide designation data that calculates in data storage, they are relevant with the metal fuel district identification data that reads during discharge operation;
Fig. 2 A9 ' is at Fig. 1, the perspective view of a unoxidized metal fuel card part of using in the discharge of metal fuel card shown in 2A3 and the 2A4 subsystem, expression: but (ⅰ) its parallel metal fuel bar space orientation in Fig. 2 A8 in the cathode strip in the cathode construction of discharge head shown in the part, (ⅱ) magnetic coded data road comprises the digital code symbol of sign metal fuel card, and during discharge operation, implement (ⅰ) from data storage read (or visit) in advance record recharge parameter and/or metal fuel designation data, they are relevant with the metal fuel identification data that is read by this subsystem during discharge operation, (ⅱ) record reads detected discharge parameter in data storage, and this parameter is relevant with the metal fuel district identification data that reads during discharge operation;
Fig. 2 A9 ' ' is at Fig. 1, the perspective view of a unoxidized metal fuel card part of using in the discharge of metal fuel card shown in 2A3 and the 2A4 subsystem, expression: but (ⅰ) in the cathode strip in the cathode construction of the parallel metal fuel bar space orientation discharge head shown in the part in Fig. 2 A8, (ⅱ) data track of optical encoding comprises the loophole shape of the mouth as one speaks code sign of sign metal fuel card, and during discharge operation, enforcement (ⅰ) is read (or visit) from data storage and is recharged parameter and/or metal fuel designation data, they with formerly recharge and/or discharge operation during in advance the record the metal fuel identification data relevant, (ⅱ) detected discharge parameter of record and the metal oxide designation data that calculates in data storage, they are relevant with the metal fuel district identification data that reads during discharge operation;
Fig. 2 A10 is the perspective view of the discharge head in the discharge of metal fuel card shown in Fig. 2 A3 and 2A4 subsystem, wherein, during its discharge mode, the metal fuel card transmits by the ventilative cathode construction shown in Fig. 2 A10, and 5 negative electrode contact components are set up and the electrically contacting of the metal fuel bar of the metal fuel card that transmits;
Fig. 2 A11 is the profile of discharge head in its metal fuel card discharge subsystem of being got along the hatching 2A11-A11 among Fig. 2 A8, the cathode construction that the metal fuel card of presentation graphs 2A9 electrically contacts;
Fig. 2 A12 is the profile of metal fuel card shown in Fig. 2 A9 that is got along its hatching 5A12-5A12;
Fig. 2 A13 is the profile of the cathode construction of discharge head shown in Fig. 2 A10 that is got along its hatching 2A13-2A13;
Fig. 2 A14 is the profile of the cathode construction of discharge head shown in Fig. 2 A10 that is got along its hatching 2A14-2A14;
Fig. 2 A15 is the schematic diagram of the message structure that keeps in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem of Fig. 1, comprising: be used for writing down the metal oxide in each metal fuel road in (being addressing) metal fuel card of discharge parameter and sign and one group of information field of metal fuel designation data in discharge mode operating period;
Fig. 2 B1 is the general schematic diagram of the metal-air FCB system of Fig. 1, wherein, and during the metal fuel card is expressed as and will inserts between the recharging of its metal fuel card recharging system;
Fig. 2 B2 is the general schematic diagram of the metal-air FCB system of Fig. 1, and wherein, the metal fuel card of Fig. 1 is expressed as and is loaded into during the metal fuel card recharges between recharging of subsystem;
Fig. 2 B3 is the general schematic diagram that the metal fuel card of Fig. 2 B1 and 2B2 recharges subsystem, wherein is shown in further detail its subassembly, and its all metal fuel cards recharge an assembly from it and extract out;
Fig. 2 B4 is the schematic diagram that the metal fuel card recharges subsystem shown in Fig. 2 B3, and wherein the metal fuel card is expressed as and inserts between the negative electrode and anode contact structures that recharges head;
Fig. 2 B5 be expression when the metal fuel card shown in the use Fig. 2 B3 to 2B4 recharges subsystem during the recharging of the metal fuel card of oxidation the high level flow chart of related basic step;
Fig. 2 B6 be metal fuel card shown in Fig. 2 B3 and the 2B4 recharge subsystem each recharge the perspective view of the cathode supporting structure that utilizes in the head, expression supporting securely comprises 5 parallel passages of electrolytical of the injection of conductive cathode bar and ionic conduction;
Fig. 2 B7 is mounted in the negative electrode in the support channels of the cathode supporting structure shown in Fig. 2 B8 and injects the decomposition profile perspective of electrolytical and partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) transducer;
Fig. 2 B8 is the cathode construction and the relative perspective view of taking out the oxygen chamber of the present invention's first exemplary embodiment, shows as its complete assembled state, and is applicable to the head that recharges shown in Fig. 2 B3 and the 2B4;
Fig. 2 B9 is at Fig. 1, metal fuel card shown in 2B3 and the 2B4 recharges the perspective view of the metal fuel card part of the oxidation of using in the subsystem, expression: (ⅰ) its parallel metal fuel bar can utilize the cathode strip space orientation in the cathode construction that recharges head shown in the part in Fig. 2 B8, (ⅱ) data track of encoding of graphs comprises the code sign of sign along its metal fuel Ka Qu, and recharging operating period, implement (ⅰ) and read (or visit) discharge parameter and/or metal oxide designation data from data storage, they are with formerly discharge and/or to recharge the metal fuel identification data that operating period writes down in advance relevant, (ⅱ) detected parameter and the metal fuel designation data that calculates of recharging of record in data storage, they with in that to recharge the metal fuel district identification data that operating period reads relevant;
Fig. 2 B9 ' is at Fig. 1, metal fuel card shown in 2B3 and the 2B4 recharges the perspective view of the metal fuel card part of the oxidation of using in the subsystem, expression: (ⅰ) its parallel metal fuel bar can utilize in Fig. 2 B8 the cathode strip space orientation in the cathode construction of the discharge head shown in the part, (ⅱ) magnetic coded data road comprises the numerical data of sign along its each metal fuel district, and during discharge operation, implement (ⅰ) and read (or visit) discharge parameter and/or metal oxide designation data from data storage, they are with formerly discharge operation and/or to recharge the metal fuel identification data that operating period writes down in advance relevant, (ⅱ) record reads detected discharge parameter and the metal fuel designation data that calculates in data storage, they with in that to recharge the metal fuel district identification data that operating period reads relevant;
Fig. 2 B9 ' ' is at Fig. 1, metal fuel card shown in 2A3 and the 2A4 recharges the perspective view of the metal fuel card part of the oxidation of using in the subsystem, expression: (ⅰ) parallel metal fuel bar can utilize the cathode strip space orientation in the cathode construction of the discharge head shown in the part in Fig. 2 A8, (ⅱ) data track of optical encoding comprises the loophole shape of the mouth as one speaks code sign that identifies each metal fuel card, and during discharge operation, implement (ⅰ) and read (or visit) discharge parameter and/or metal oxide designation data from data storage, they are with formerly discharge and/or to recharge the metal fuel identification data that operating period writes down in advance relevant, (ⅱ) detected parameter and the metal fuel designation data that calculates of recharging of record in data storage, they with in that to recharge the metal fuel district identification data that operating period reads relevant;
Fig. 2 B10 be metal fuel card shown in Fig. 2 B3 and the 2B4 recharge in the subsystem recharge the head perspective view, wherein, during it recharges pattern, the metal fuel card transmits by the ventilative cathode construction shown in Fig. 2 B10, and 5 anode contact components are set up and the electrically contacting of the metal fuel bar of the metal fuel card that transmits;
Fig. 2 B11 is that its metal fuel card that 2B11-2B11 got along Fig. 2 B8 section line recharges that each recharges the profile of head in the subsystem, the cathode construction that the metal fuel card of expression and Fig. 2 B9 electrically contacts;
Fig. 2 B12 is the profile of metal fuel card shown in Fig. 2 B9 that is got along its hatching 2B12-2B12;
Fig. 2 B13 is the profile that recharges the cathode construction of head shown in Fig. 2 B10 that is got along its hatching 2B13-2B13;
Fig. 2 B14 is the profile that recharges the cathode construction of head shown in Fig. 2 B10 that is got along its hatching 2B14-2B14;
Fig. 2 B15 is the schematic diagram that the metal fuel card of Fig. 1 recharges the message structure that keeps in the subsystem, comprising: be used for writing down the metal oxide in each metal fuel road in (being addressing) the metal fuel card that recharges parameter and sign and one group of information field of metal fuel designation data recharging pattern operating period;
Fig. 2 B16 is the schematic diagram of the FCB system of Fig. 1, be illustrated in a plurality of subsystems that can carry out following operation during the pattern of recharging: (a) (ⅰ) reads metal fuel card identification data from the metal fuel card that is loaded, (a) (ⅱ) detected parameter and the metal fuel identification data that calculates that extracted of recharging of record in memory, (a) (ⅲ) from memory read (visit) formerly discharge and/or recharge during discharge parameter and the metal oxide and the metal fuel identification data that calculate of record, wherein during this previous discharge and/or recharging, handled the metal fuel card of sign, and, in discharge mode operating period, (b) (ⅰ) read metal fuel card identification data from the metal fuel card that is loaded, (b) the metal oxide identification data that (ⅱ) in memory, writes down detected discharge parameter and calculated, (b) (ⅲ) from memory read (visit) formerly discharge and/or recharge the metal oxide and the metal fuel identification data that recharge parameter and calculate of operating period record, during this previous discharge and/or recharging, handled the metal fuel card of sign;
Fig. 3 is the perspective view of second exemplary embodiment of metal-air FCB of the present invention system, wherein, the metal fuel card that recharges more than first automatically recharges between the discharge that metal fuel card storage box is sent to its metal fuel card discharge subsystem from it, recharges between recharging of subsystem and uses during producing electrical power and the metal fuel card of more than second oxidation automatically is sent to its metal fuel card from the metal fuel card storage box of discharge;
Fig. 4 A1 is the general schematic diagram of the metal-air FCB system of Fig. 3, wherein, during the metal fuel card that recharges is expressed as automatically between the discharge that should folded metal fuel card bottom be sent to metal fuel card discharge subsystem that recharges from the metal fuel card storage box that recharges;
Fig. 4 A2 is the general schematic diagram of the metal-air FCB system of Fig. 3, wherein, the metal fuel card of discharge is represented as the folded metal fuel card top of being somebody's turn to do of discharging the metal fuel card storage box that automatically is sent to discharge between the discharge of metal fuel card discharge subsystem;
Fig. 4 A3 is the general schematic diagram of the metal fuel card discharge subsystem of Fig. 4 A1 and 4A2, wherein is shown in further detail its subassembly, and a plurality of metal fuel cards that recharge are configured to prepare to insert between the negative electrode and anode contact structures of its discharge head;
Fig. 4 A4 is the schematic diagram of the metal fuel card discharge subsystem of Fig. 4 A3, and wherein a plurality of metal fuel cards that recharge insert between the negative electrode and anode contact structures of its discharge head;
Fig. 4 A51 and 4A52 together represent when the high level flow chart that uses the metal fuel card discharge subsystem shown in Fig. 4 A3 to 4A4 in the related basic step of the interdischarge interval (that is, producing electrical power thus) of metal fuel card;
Fig. 4 A6 is the perspective view of the cathode supporting structure that utilizes in each discharge head of metal fuel card shown in Fig. 4 A3 and 4A4 discharge subsystem, and 4 anode components are set accept groove, is used for accepting therein cathode construction and injects electrolytical pad;
Fig. 4 A7 is applicable to that the oxygen of the cathode supporting structure shown in Fig. 4 A6 injects the schematic diagram in chamber;
Fig. 4 A8A is the schematic diagram that the negative electrode that can insert cathode branch board shown in Fig. 4 A6 is accepted the cathode construction in the groove bottom;
Fig. 4 A8B is that the negative electrode that is used for being inserted in cathode branch board shown in Fig. 4 A6 is accepted the schematic diagram that electrolyte on the cathode construction on groove top injects pad;
Fig. 4 A9 is the perspective view that is designed to the unoxidized metal fuel card that discharges in metal fuel card shown in Figure 3 discharge subsystem, it comprises the groove of 4 spatial separation, its each support a metal fuel bar, and in the time of in being loaded in discharge head, electrically contact by aperture and the anode contact electrode that forms in this groove floor;
Fig. 4 A10 is the profile of the metal fuel supporting structure of Fig. 4 A9 of being got along the hatching 4A10-4A11 among Fig. 4 A9;
Fig. 4 A11 is the perspective view of the electrode support plate of a plurality of electrodes of supporting during the discharge operation of being carried out by the metal fuel card of Fig. 3 discharge subsystem, and these electrodes are designed to set up and the electrically contacting of the cathodic metal fuel bar of the metal fuel support plate internal support of Fig. 4 A9;
Fig. 4 A12 is the decomposition diagram of discharge head in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem of Fig. 3, and its cathode supporting structure, oxygen that expression is in the relation that is decomposed and locatees inject chamber, metal fuel supporting structure and anode electrode contact plate;
Fig. 4 A13 is the schematic diagram of the message structure that keeps in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem of Fig. 3, is included in the metal oxide in each metal fuel zone in (being addressing) the metal fuel card that is used for writing down discharge parameter and sign during the discharge operation and one group of information field of metal fuel designation data;
Fig. 4 B1 is the general schematic diagram of the metal-air FCB system of Fig. 3, wherein, the metal fuel card of a plurality of oxidations is expressed as automatically should folded metal fuel card bottom being sent to during the metal fuel card recharges between recharging of subsystem of discharge from the metal fuel card storage box of discharge;
Fig. 4 B2 is the general schematic diagram of the metal-air FCB system of Fig. 3, wherein, the metal fuel card that recharges is represented as automatically to recharge from the metal fuel card and is sent to the folded metal fuel card top of being somebody's turn to do that recharges the metal fuel card storage box that recharges between recharging of subsystem;
Fig. 4 B3 is the general schematic diagram that the metal fuel card of Fig. 4 B1 and 4B2 recharges subsystem, wherein is shown in further detail its subassembly, and the metal fuel card of a plurality of discharges is prepared to insert between its negative electrode and anode contact structures that recharges head;
Fig. 4 B4 is the schematic diagram that the metal fuel card shown in Fig. 4 B3 recharges subsystem, and wherein the metal fuel card of a plurality of discharges inserts between its negative electrode and anode contact structures that recharges head;
Fig. 4 B51 and 4B52 together represent when using the metal fuel card shown in Fig. 4 B3 to 4B4 to recharge subsystem during the recharging of metal fuel card the high level flow chart of the basic step that (, metal oxide is converted to its virgin metal) is related;
Fig. 4 B6 be metal fuel card shown in Fig. 4 B3 and the 4B4 recharge subsystem each recharge the perspective view of the cathode supporting structure that utilizes in the head, 4 anode components wherein are set accept groove, be used for accepting therein cathode construction and inject electrolytical pad;
Fig. 4 B7 is the schematic diagram that the negative electrode that can insert cathode branch board shown in Fig. 4 B6 is accepted the cathode construction in the groove bottom;
Fig. 4 B8A is the schematic diagram that the negative electrode that can insert cathode branch board shown in Fig. 4 B6 is accepted the cathode construction in the groove bottom;
Fig. 4 B8B is the schematic diagram of taking out the oxygen chamber that is applicable to cathode branch board shown in Fig. 4 B6;
Fig. 4 B9 is the perspective view that is designed to recharge at metal fuel card shown in Figure 3 the unoxidized metal fuel card of part in the subsystem, it comprises the groove of 4 spatial separation, its each support a metal fuel bar, and, electrically contact by aperture and the anode contact electrode that forms in this groove floor when being loaded in when recharging in the head;
Fig. 4 B10 is the profile of the metal fuel supporting structure of Fig. 4 B9 of being got along the hatching 7B10-7B10 among Fig. 4 B9;
Fig. 4 B11 supports the perspective view of the metal fuel support plate of a plurality of electrodes in the operating period that recharges that the metal fuel card by Fig. 3 recharges that subsystem carries out, these electrodes are designed to set up and the electrically contacting of the cathodic metal fuel bar of the metal fuel support plate internal support of Fig. 4 B10
Fig. 4 B12 is that the metal fuel card of Fig. 3 recharges the decomposition diagram that recharges head in the subsystem, and expression is in its cathode supporting structure, metal fuel supporting structure and the anode electrode contact plate of the relation that is decomposed and locatees;
Fig. 4 B13 is the schematic diagram that the metal fuel card of Fig. 3 recharges the message structure that keeps in the subsystem, is included in to recharge operating period and be used for writing down the metal oxide in each metal fuel road and one group of information field of metal fuel designation data in (being addressing) the metal fuel card that recharges parameter and sign;
Fig. 4 B14 is the schematic diagram of the FCB system of Fig. 3, be illustrated in a plurality of subsystems that can carry out following operation during the pattern of recharging: (a) (ⅰ) reads metal fuel card identification data from the metal fuel card that is loaded, (a) (ⅱ) detected parameter and the metal fuel identification data that calculates that extracted of recharging of record in memory, (a) (ⅲ) from memory read (visit) formerly discharge and/or recharge during discharge parameter and the metal oxide and the metal fuel identification data that calculate of record, wherein during this previous discharge and/or recharging, handled the metal fuel card of sign;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the 3rd exemplary embodiment of metal-air FCB of the present invention system, wherein, metal fuel provides to be included in metal fuel card (or sheet) form that comprises in the tray salver class cassette arrangement, this device has the inner space of division, is used for independent storage compartments storage (again) charging that forms at identical tray salver class cassette arrangement and the metal fuel card that discharges;
Fig. 5 A is the identical general schematic diagram of the metal-air FCB of Fig. 5, wherein, the metal fuel card that recharges is expressed as should being sent between the discharge of its metal fuel card discharge subsystem bottom the folded metal fuel card of automatically recharging from the metal fuel card storage compartments that recharges, and the metal fuel card of discharge automatically is sent to the top that should fold the metal fuel card of discharging the metal fuel card storage compartments of discharge between the discharge of metal fuel card discharge subsystem;
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the 4th exemplary embodiment of metal-air FCB of the present invention system, wherein, metal fuel provides to be included in metal fuel card (or sheet) form that comprises in the tray salver class cassette arrangement, this device has the inner space of division, is used for independent storage compartments storage (again) charging that forms at identical tray salver class cassette arrangement and the metal fuel card that discharges;
Fig. 6 A is the identical general schematic diagram of the metal-air FCB of Fig. 6, wherein, the metal fuel card that recharges is expressed as between the discharge that the metal fuel card group bottom that automatically recharges from the metal fuel card storage compartments that recharges is sent to its metal fuel card discharge subsystem, and the metal fuel card of discharge automatically is sent to the top of the metal fuel card group of discharging the metal fuel card storage compartments of discharge between the discharge of metal fuel card discharge subsystem;
Fig. 7 is the perspective view of portable cellular phone, and this cell phone comprises metal-air FCB power generation module of the present invention at its battery storage compartment, simultaneously carries a plurality of external metallization fuel cards in adhesion is attached to the storage compartments of this portable cellular phone outside;
Fig. 7 A is the cellular part decomposition diagram of Fig. 7, represent that its battery storage compartment panels is removed (promptly, open), in this cellular battery storage compartment, insert metal-air FCB power generation module (being mounted with the metal fuel card), and insert several external metallization fuel cards in attached to the fuel card storage compartments on the outer surface of this battery storage compartment cover panel in adhesion;
Fig. 8 A is the decomposition diagram of the metal-air FCB power generation module of Fig. 7 A, wherein, upper case portion is partly separated with lower house, manifest, 4 parts cathode constructions (promptly, submodule) is inserted in removably in the groove that forms in the lower house part, adjacent a pair of printed circuit (PC) plate utilizes flexible circuit to connect, and, 4 parts anode contact structures are formed integrally on upper case portion inside, when upper and lower housing parts snaps fit together, form first groove and come the single cathode construction of acceptance pattern 8B shown type slidably, engage with each conductive component on the PC plate thereby be positioned at the conductive component at its edge, and form second groove and come the single face metal fuel card of acceptance pattern 8C shown type slidably, engage with each conductive component on the PC plate thereby be positioned at the conductive component at its edge;
Fig. 8 B is applicable to the cathode construction (that is submodule) that is inserted in slidably in the first storage groove that forms in the power of metal-air FCB shown in Fig. 7 A and the 8A generation module;
Fig. 8 C is applicable to the 4 parts metal fuel cards that are inserted in slidably in the second storage groove that forms in the power of metal-air FCB shown in Fig. 7 A and the 8A generation module;
Fig. 9 is the perspective view of the metal-air FCB power generation module of Fig. 7 A of removing of its battery storage compartment of forming from the cell phone of Fig. 7;
Fig. 9 A is the facade side elevation of the metal-air FCB power generation module of Fig. 7 A, represent that its power output end exposes to contact with the power interface receiving end of matching, and is positioned at the battery storage compartment of host apparatus (as cell phone, cd-rom player etc.) by the power interface receiving end;
Figure 10 is the perspective view of first embodiment of tray salver dress negative electrode/metal fuel card storage device of the present invention, its way of realization is the box structure with a plurality of grooves, and these grooves are used for a plurality of (charging) metal fuel card of accepting slidably and keeping single (replacement) negative electrode box and use at the FCB of Fig. 7 A power generation module;
Figure 11 A is the perspective view of second embodiment of negative electrode box of the present invention/metal fuel card storage device, its way of realization is the leather wallet structure under its configuration of opening, and have a plurality of notches, a plurality of (charging) metal fuel card that is used for accepting slidably and keeps single (or replacement) negative electrode box and use at the FCB of Fig. 7 A power generation module;
Figure 11 B under its closure/stored configuration, the perspective view of negative electrode box/metal fuel card storage device of Figure 11 A;
Figure 12 is applicable to the perspective view of reception from the laptop system of the electrical power of metal-air FCB power generation module generation of the present invention, this module has the double-sided metal fuel card, be arranged between a pair of detachable negative electrode submodule of the present invention (that is tray salver);
Figure 12 A removes at its laptop system battery storage compartment, the perspective view of metal-air FCB power generation module shown in Figure 12;
Figure 13 is the decomposition diagram of the metal-air FCB power generation module of Figure 12 A, expression is formed on a pair of groove in the upper and lower housing parts, be used for slidably (or falling into) and accept detachable negative electrode submodule (promptly, tray salver), the groove that forms between the negative electrode box is used for accepting slidably therein the double-sided metal fuel card, and a pair of groove that forms in lower house part is used to accept a pair of PC plate that connected, this PC plate utilizes the flexible circuit mode to connect, and utilizes electric connector mode and negative electrode box and metal fuel card connection;
Figure 13 A is installed in the lower house part and the perspective view of the PC plate that is used for being connected with the double-sided metal fuel card with the negative electrode box;
Figure 13 B is the facade end view of the FCB power generation module of Figure 12 A, and expression is with negative electrode box in the sealing means insert module housing and double-sided metal fuel card;
Figure 13 C is the facade end view of the FCB power generation module of Figure 12 A, the power output end that expression is applicable to and each the input power end in the battery storage compartment/chamber of devices such as laptop computer shown in Figure 12 electrically contacts;
Figure 13 D is the facade end side figure of the FCB power generation module of Figure 12 A, and the 2nd PC plate that expression is installed in wherein has the power output end that is formed integrally as, and is used to be passed in the pair of apertures of the sidewall formation of the part of lower house shown in Figure 10;
Figure 13 E is the decomposition diagram of double-sided metal fuel card of the present invention, and wherein, the anode contact component is installed in fuel part and accepts in the groove, and utilizes electric connector and be formed on the lip-deep electric connector of metal fuel card-edge and be electrically connected;
Figure 13 F is the profile of the double-sided metal fuel card of Figure 13 of being got along the hatching 13F-13F among Figure 13 E, what represent is, first group of 4 metal fuel parts is installed in first side of card structure, and second group of 4 metal fuel parts are installed in second side of card structure, its anode contact structures (or mechanism) are arranged on each side of card, so that the electric current that provides electricity to isolate is compiled the path for 8 metal fuel parts/negative electrodes in the FCB power generation module;
Figure 14 is the perspective view at the rechargeable metal-air FCB power generation module that is in the another embodiment of the present invention under the closed configuration, be applicable to by the hand switch on the outer surface of module housing or utilize the automatic loading testing circuit be arranged in the module that the magnitude of voltage of selecting with the user provides electric output power;
Figure 14 A is a perspective view of opening the rechargeable metal-air FCB power generation module of the Figure 14 under the configuration at it, it has in the mode of being clasped and is installed in 5 groups of chieftain's assemblies that discharge/recharge in the module lower house part, thereby set up each and discharge/recharge being electrically connected between the two-sided fuel card of multi-part of chieftain's assembly and the multi-part negative electrode box with subsystem, realize on the single parent PC plate of these subsystems in be installed in the lower house part in the mode of being clasped, and when upper case portion is partly closed owing to hinged lower house towards module, be held in place securely;
Figure 15 A is the schematic diagram of haulage vehicle, wherein, it is in order to give the electrically driven (operated) motor generation that is connected with the wheel of vehicle and electrical power to be provided that the purpose that electrical power of the present invention produces system is set, and, wherein, be provided with auxiliary and AC-battery power source comes the metal fuel in its FCB subsystem is recharged;
Figure 15 B is the schematic diagram that electrical power of the present invention produces system, and it is implemented as the fixedly generation electric energy station with auxiliary and AC-battery power source, is used for the metal fuel in its FCB subsystem is recharged;
Figure 16 A is the schematic diagram that the electrical power of first exemplary embodiment produces system, wherein, the network of metal-air FCB subsystem is connected to DC power bus-bar structure, and being subjected to the control of network control subsystem, it is relevant with based on network metal fuel ADMINISTRATION SUBSYSTEM that this network control subsystem can be operated;
Figure 16 B is the schematic diagram that the electrical power of second exemplary embodiment produces system, and wherein, the output DC power bus-bar structure of Figure 15 A is connected to output AC power bus-bar via DC to AC power converter, is used for providing AC power to electric loading;
Figure 16 C is the schematic diagram by the database structure of based on network metal fuel shown in Figure 15 A and the 15B/metal oxide ADMINISTRATION SUBSYSTEM maintenance; With
Figure 17 is that to be function by the power output demand of the electric loading requirement that increases in time how be activated the curve synoptic diagram of operation at their discharge mode to expression additional metals air FCB subsystem.
Realize optimal mode of the present invention
Below with reference to accompanying drawings, with more detailed ins and outs, describe and realize optimal mode of the present invention, wherein, same parts is represented with same numeral.
Usually, much can be decomposed into several subsystems based on rechargeable metal-air FCB system, comprise according to of the present invention: for example, the metal fuel transmit subsystem; Metal fuel discharge subsystem; Recharge subsystem with metal fuel.The function of metal fuel transmit subsystem be with will block, the metal fuel material of form such as sheet is sent to metal fuel discharge subsystem or metal fuel recharges subsystem, this depends on the pattern of selected system.When being sent to or during by metal fuel discharge subsystem, metal fuel utilizes one or more discharge head discharges (promptly, with electrochemical reaction) so that produce electrical power being connected on the electric loading of this subsystem, and during electrochemical reaction, consume H at negative electrode-electrolyte interface place 2O and O 2When being sent to or recharging subsystem by metal fuel, utilize one or more heads that recharge that the metal fuel that discharges is recharged, be suitable for its source metal material of in the power discharge operation, reusing so that the metal fuel material of oxidation converted to, and during electrochemical reaction, discharge O at negative electrode-electrolyte interface place 2The sequence number that is described in the applicant as this discharge and the electrochemistry that recharges operation basis is No.08/944, and 507 the U.S. is simultaneously in co-pending application, No. 5230370 United States Patent (USP)s and in this area in known other applied science publications.But these applied science principle simplified summary are as follows.
During the discharge operation in metal-air FCB system, the metal fuel conduct of utilization such as zinc, aluminium or beryllium is the conductive anode of porosity (as 50%) to a certain extent, its utilizes the ionic conduction medium such as the polymer of electrolyte gel body, KOH, NaOH or ionic conduction, forms " ion contacts (ionic-contact) " with the cathode construction of the oxygen flow gas of the ionic conduction of certain porosity.When negative electrode and anode construction form ion and contact, produce feature open-circuit cell voltage automatically.The value of this open-circuit cell voltage is poor based on the electrochemical potential of anode and cathode material.When electric loading jumps on the negative electrode of metal-air FCB battery unit of formation like this and the anode construction, electrical power is provided for this electric loading, consume the oxygen O of external environment condition simultaneously 2, and the metal fuel anode material oxidation.Under zinc air FCB system or device situation, on zinc anode, form zinc oxide (ZnO) during its discharge cycle, and (after this being called for simplicity, " negative electrode-electrolyte interface ") consumption oxygen in the zone between the adjacently situated surfaces of cathode construction and electrolyte medium.
Recharging operating period, its metal fuel recharges subsystem external voltage source (for example, for the zinc air system greater than 2 volts) is provided on the metal fuel anode of the cathode construction of metal-air FCB system and oxidation.Meanwhile, metal fuel recharges the electric current that subsystem controls flows between negative electrode and metal fuel anode structure, so that be reversed in the electrochemical reaction that occurs during the discharge operation.Under the situation of zinc air FCB system or device, be converted (reduction) and become zinc being formed on zinc oxide (ZnO) on the zinc anode designs during the discharge cycle, and at negative electrode-electrolyte interface place with oxygen O 2Be discharged in the external environment condition.
Below in conjunction with each exemplary embodiment of the present invention, be described in detail in concrete grammar and the device optimally carrying out this discharge in metal-air FCB system or the device and recharge processing.
First exemplary embodiment of metal-air FCB of the present invention system
First exemplary embodiment of metal-air FCB of the present invention system is shown among Fig. 1 to 2B16.Shown in Fig. 1,2A1 and 2A2, this FCB system comprises a plurality of subsystems, that is: metal fuel card load/unload subsystem 111, are used for partly manually one or more metal fuel cards 112 being loaded into the discharge port 114 of FDB system, and partly manually unload the metal fuel card by it; Metal fuel card discharge (that is, power produces) subsystem 115 is used for producing the electrical power that offers electric loading 116 from the metal fuel card during the discharge operation pattern; Recharge subsystem 117 with the metal fuel card, be used for during recharging operator scheme, recharging the each several part of the metal fuel card of (that is reduction) oxidation with electrochemical means.Below with each and they the crew-served details of describing in relevant these subsystems how.
Shown in Fig. 2 A9, provide by the metal fuel material of this FCB system consumption form with metal fuel card 112, the metal fuel card manually is loaded into the card storage compartments of this system.In this exemplary embodiment, this card storage compartments is divided into two parts: between discharge 113, be used for loading the metal fuel card of (again) charging, with discharge (that is, power produces); And between recharging 114, be used for loading the metal fuel card of discharge for the purpose that recharges.Shown in Fig. 1,2A3,2A9, each metal fuel card 112 all has the housing of rectangular shape, comprise the metal fuel bar 119A to 119E that a plurality of electricity are isolated, when fuel card during discharge mode moves to suitable aligned position between cathode branch board 121 and the anode contact structures 122, they are suitable does with the cathode assembly 120A to 120E of each " multiple tracks (multi-track) " discharge head in the metal fuel belt discharge subsystem and contacts, shown in Fig. 2 A4.
In this exemplary embodiment, fuel card of the present invention is " multiple tracks ", so that can produce a plurality of supply power voltages (for example 1.2 volts) simultaneously from " multiple tracks " discharge head that wherein utilizes.Describe in detail as the back, the purpose of this novel generation head design is the output voltage that makes it possible to produce and provide from this system wide region, is suitable for being connected to the electric loading of this FCB system.
The general introduction of the FCB system operation modes of the present invention's first exemplary embodiment
The FCB system of this first exemplary embodiment has several operator schemes, clamps the pattern of carrying that is:, and during this pattern, fuel card partly manually is loaded into in the system; Discharge mode, during this pattern, electrical power produces from the output of this system, and is provided for coupled electric loading; Recharge pattern, during this pattern, the metal fuel card is recharged; With the card unloading mode, during this pattern, the metal fuel card is partly manually unloaded from this system.These patterns will specifically be described with reference to Fig. 2 A1 and 2A2 in more detail in the back.
During clamping the pattern of carrying, utilize card load/unload subsystem 111 that one or more metal fuel cards 112 are loaded in the FCB system.During discharge mode, the discharge of the metal fuel card of charging so that taken place to produce electrical power with electrochemistry by it, offers coupled electric loading 116.During recharging pattern, the metal fuel card of oxidation is by with electrochemical means reduction, so that convert the oxide structure on the metal fuel card to its virgin metal recharging operating period.During the card unloading mode, utilize card load/unload subsystem 111 that these metal fuel cards are unloaded (that is, discharging) from the FCB system.
The multiple tracks metal fuel card that uses in the FCB system of first exemplary embodiment
In the FCB system shown in Fig. 1,2A3 and the 2A4, each metal fuel card 112 has a plurality of fuel channels (as, 5 roads), and the U.S. Patent application No.08/944 of pending trial simultaneously as described above is described in 507.When utilizing this metal fuel card to design, may wish each discharge head 124 in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem 115 is designed to " multiple tracks " discharge head.Similarly, according to principle of the present invention, metal fuel card described in Fig. 2 B3 and the 2B4 recharges in the subsystem 117 each and recharges 125 and should be designed to multiple tracks and recharge head.Described in U.S. Patent application No./08/944,507 of while pending trial, " multiple tracks " metal fuel card 112 and multiple tracks recharge a use of 124 can produce simultaneously a plurality of output voltages that can select by the end user (V1, V2 ... Vn).These output voltages can be used to drive the various electric loadings 116 of the power output end 125 that is connected to metal fuel card discharge subsystem.This can realize by each output voltage that produces on the anode-cathode structure in each discharge head of configuration during metal fuel card discharge operation.The function of this system will be described in detail later.
In general, multiple tracks can utilize several different technology to make with single track metal fuel card etc.Best, the metal fuel that comprises in each card device 112 utilizes zinc to make, and this is because this metal is cheap, environmental sound and be easy to work.The back uses description to make several different technologies of zinc fuel card of the present invention.
For example, according to first manufacturing technology, be about 0.1 to be applied to the surface of (stretching or cutting) low density plastics's material to about 0.5 micron thin metal layer (as nickel or brass) with cassette version with thickness.Plastic material should be selected like this, that is, it is stable when the electrolyte of existence such as KOH.The function of thin metal layer is to guarantee to compile enough electric currents at anode surface.After this, zinc powder is mixed with binding material, as the back as coating (as, thickness is 1 to about 500 microns) be applied to the surface thin metal layer on.This zinc layer should have about 50% uniform porosity, so that ionic conduction medium ion (as electrolyte ion) is flow through with minimum resistance between negative electrode and anode construction.As after be described in more detail, resulting structure can be installed in the electric cage of thin structure, to improve the structural intergrity of metal fuel card, simultaneously, when will clamp be downloaded to its card storage compartments in the time, provide the discharge head path to anode construction.In addition, also can put slidably panel to being covered with of metal fuel card, between this card is by discharge 113 accept and discharge head when being sent to the position of carrying out discharge operation, maybe when this card by 114 accepting and recharge when being sent to the position that recharges operation, this panel possibility contacting metal fuel bar between recharging.
According to second manufacturing technology, be about 0.1 to be applied to the surface of (stretching or cutting) low density plastics's material to about 0.5 micron thin metal layer (as nickel or brass) with the cassette form with thickness.Plastic material should be selected like this, that is, it is stable when the electrolyte of existence such as KOH.The function of thin metal layer is to guarantee to compile enough electric currents at anode surface.After this, zinc is electroplated onto the surface of thin metal layer.This zinc layer should have about 50% uniform porosity, so that the ion in the ionic conduction medium (as electrolyte) is flow through with minimum resistance between negative electrode and anode construction.As after be described in more detail, resulting structure can be installed in the electric cage of superthin structure so that the card of the metal fuel with appropriate configuration integrality is provided, simultaneously, when will clamp be downloaded to its card storage compartments in the time, provide the discharge head passage to anode construction.In addition, also can put slidably panel to being covered with of metal fuel card, between this card is by discharge 113 accept and discharge head when being sent to the position of carrying out discharge operation, maybe when this card by accepting between recharging and recharge when being sent to the position that recharges operation, this panel possibility contacting metal fuel bar.
According to the 3rd manufacturing technology,, and be drawn into thin conductive plastic film form with zinc powder and low density plastics's material mixing.This low density plastics's material should be selected like this, that is, it is stable when the electrolyte of existence such as KOH.The film that injects zinc should have about 50% uniform porosity, so that the ion (as electrolyte ion) in the ionic conduction medium is flow through with minimum resistance between negative electrode and anode construction.After this, be about 0.1 to be added on the surface of conductive film to about 0.5 micron thin metal layer (as nickel or brass) thickness.The function of this thin metal layer is to guarantee to compile enough electric currents at anode surface.As after be described in more detail, resulting structure can be installed in the electric cage of thin structure, to improve the structural intergrity of metal fuel card, simultaneously, when will clamp be downloaded to its card storage compartments in the time, provide the discharge head passage to anode construction.
In above-mentioned any embodiment, the body that gets stuck can utilize and be designed to heat-resisting and etch-proof any suitable material and make.Best, case material is non-conductive, is that the user provides further safety measure to discharge and to recharge operating period at card.
In addition, each in the above-mentioned manufacturing technology can easily be improved, and to produce " two-sided " metal fuel card, wherein in the material both sides of the substrate (that is substrate) of the flexibility of its utilization single track or multiple tracks metal fuel layer is set all.These embodiment of metal fuel film help all to be provided with in the both sides of the metal fuel card that is loaded into the FCB system applicable cases of discharge head.When making the double-sided metal fuel card, in most of embodiment, must all form (thin metal material) current collection layer in the both sides of plastic, thus can be from the both sides collected current of metal fuel card with different cathode constructions.When making two-sided multiple tracks fuel card, may wish maybe must be laminated together with two multiple tracks metal fuel sheets, as mentioned above, contacts on the substrate body of each plate.Having read one of ordinary skilled in the art disclosed by the invention will readily appreciate that and utilize said method to produce the double-sided metal fuel card.In these exemplary embodiments of the present invention, will change the anode contact structures, isolate electrically contacting of current collection layer thereby set up with each electricity that in the metal fuel card structure of its utilization, forms.
The card load/unload subsystem of first exemplary embodiment of metal-air FCB of the present invention
Be schematically shown as Fig. 1,2A3 and 2A4, and the U.S. Patent application No.08/944 of reference while pending trial, 507 in detail introduce, card load/unload transmit subsystem 111 comprises several crew-served mechanisms in the FCB system of Fig. 1, that is: clamping is subjected to the 111A of mechanism, be used for automatically that (ⅰ) accepts metal fuel card 112 at card insert opening, this card insert opening is formed on the preceding or top panel of system's housing 126, and in (ⅱ) the metal fuel card being withdrawn between the card discharge that is arranged on wherein; Selectively, automatically-controlled door opening mechanism 111B is used for being opened for (selectable) door (being used for the metal fuel card enters) that card forms when accepting the metal fuel card between the card discharge in the FCB system; With automatic card ejector mechanism 111C, be used in response to predetermined condition, between the card discharge, discharge the metal fuel card through card insert opening.These predetermined conditions for example can comprise: push " discharge " button of being arranged on system's housing 126 front panels, detect the afterbody etc. of metal fuel card automatically.
In the exemplary embodiment of Fig. 1, clamping is subjected to the 111A of mechanism can be implemented as platform-like balladeur train structure, the outside of each card that it is accepted in being centered around between its discharge.Platform-like balladeur train structure can be bearing on the pair of parallel rail by roller mode, and can utilize the motor that is connected to system controller 130 with mode of operation to move along parallel rail with the cam mechanism mode.The function of cam mechanism is to convert rotatablely moving of motor reel to rectilinear motion, and this rectilinear motion is that to transmit this platform-like balladeur train structure along this rail when inserting a card in the platform-like balladeur train structure necessary.The proximity transducer that is installed in system's housing can be used to detect through inserting the appearance that mouth is inserted in this system's housing and is placed on the metal fuel card in this platform-like balladeur train structure.The signal that is produced by this proximity transducer can be provided for system controller, so that start the card revocation procedure with automated manner.
Utilize system's housing, automatically-controlled door opening mechanism 111B can utilize any suitable mechanism to realize, the door that this mechanism can will block when the metal fuel card is fully retracted between the card discharge slides into its open position.In this exemplary embodiment, card ejector mechanism 111C utilizes with above-mentioned clamping and is subjected to the essentially identical 26S Proteasome Structure and Function of mechanism automatically.The main distinction is, card ejector mechanism is in response to being arranged on pushing of " discharge " button 127A on system's housing front panel and 127B automatically, or the trigger condition of its function equivalent or incident.When pushing this button, discharge head is automatically taken out from the metal fuel card, and the metal fuel card inserts mouth through this and automatically discharges between this card discharge.
It should be noted that the required controlled function of the every other subsystem of the FCB system of the card load/unload subsystem 111 and first exemplary embodiment is carried out by the system controller shown in Fig. 2 A3 and the 2A4 130.In this exemplary embodiment, the microcontroller of system controller 130 utilization programmings (promptly, microcomputer) realizes, it has program storage (ROM), data storage (RAM) etc., and known one or more buses link to each other with mode of operation in little calculating and control field but their utilize.Other functions of the system controller execution of this metal fuel card discharge subsystem will be described later in more detail.
The metal fuel card discharge subsystem of metal-air FCB of the present invention system first exemplary embodiment
Shown in Fig. 2 A3 and 2A4, the metal fuel card discharge subsystem 115 of first exemplary embodiment comprises a plurality of subsystems, that is: multiple tracks discharge (i.e. discharge) assembly 124, its each include multi-part cathode construction 121 and anode contact mechanism 122 with the conduction output that can connect in the following manner; Discharge head transmit subsystem 131 is used for subassembly with discharge head assembly 124 and is sent to the metal fuel card that is loaded into subsystem or sends out from it; K-A output configuration subsystem 132, be used under the control of system controller 130, the configuration negative electrode of discharge head and the output of anode construction make it to keep by the required output voltage of the certain electric load 116 that is connected to metal fuel card discharge subsystem 115; Cathode to anode voltage monitoring subsystem 133, be connected to K-A output configuration subsystem 132, be used for the voltage that monitoring (that is, sampling) produces on the negative electrode of each discharge head and anode construction, and produce (numeral) data of the detected magnitude of voltage of expression; K-A current monitoring subsystem 134, be connected to K-A output configuration subsystem 132, be used for the electric current that monitoring (sampling) is flow through on the negative electrode-electrolyte interface at each discharge head during the discharge mode, and produce the digital data signal of the detected current value of expression; Negative electrode oxygen pressure control subsystem comprises system controller 130, solid-state pO 2Vacuum chamber (structure) 136, air compressor or oxygen generator shown in transducer 135, Fig. 2 A7 and the 2A8 are (as O 2Case or balladeur train) 137, multi-cavity (multi-lumen) pipe 140 shown in air flow controller 138, manifold structure 139 and Fig. 2 A3 and the 2A4, they are set at the pO in the cathode construction that is used for detecting and control each discharge head 124 together 2Value; Ion transmits control subsystem, comprise system controller 130, solid-state moisture sensor (densimeter) 142, humidifier components (as, little sprinkler part) 143, water pump 145, cistern 146, water flow control valve 147, multi-cavity structure 148 and extend into moisture conduit 149 in the structure 143 is provided, they are fitted together as shown in figure, the condition (as moisture content on discharge head negative electrode-electrolyte interface and humidity) that is used for pressure detecting and change FCB system, thereby the ion concentration in discharge mode operating period with negative electrode-electrolyte interface place remains in optimum range, wherein humidifier components 143 is implemented as little spray thrower of inserting in the wall construction of cathode branch board 121 (having the apopore 144 that is provided with along each wall surface, as shown in Fig. 2 A6); Discharge head temperature control subsystem, comprise system controller 130, insert solid state temperature transducer in each passage of its many cathode supporting structures 121 (as, thermistor) 290 and discharge head cooling device 291, in response to the control signal that produces by system controller 130, during discharge operation, the temperature of each discharge channel is reduced in the optimum temperature range; Related type metal fuel data base management subsystem (MFDMS) 293, but it utilizes local bus 299 to be connected to system controller 130 with mode of operation, is designed to receive the information of the particular type that extracts the output of each subsystem in metal fuel belt discharge subsystem 115; Data obtain and processing subsystem (DCPS) 295, comprise data read 150 (150 ', 150 ' ') with based on the data processor of microprocessor of programming, wherein, this read head insert or closely be installed in the cathode supporting structure of each discharge head 124, this processor is used for receiving from cathode to anode voltage monitoring subsystem 133, K-A current monitoring subsystem 134, the data-signal that negative electrode oxygen pressure control subsystem and ion concentration control subsystem produce, and can (ⅰ) from the metal fuel card that is loaded, read metal fuel card identification data, (ⅱ) utilize local system bus 296, detected discharge parameter of record and the metal oxide designation data of being extracted that calculates in metal fuel data base management subsystem 293, (ⅲ) utilize local system bus 294, read the metal fuel designation data that recharges parameter and write down in advance that is stored in the record in advance in the metal fuel database 293; Discharge (promptly, output) power conditioning subsystem 151, it is connected the output of K-A output configuration subsystem 132 and is connected between the input of electric loading 116 of metal fuel card discharge subsystem 115, is used to regulate the power output of delivering on the electric loading (and regulating required voltage and/or current characteristics of discharge control method of being carried out by system controller 130); I/O control subsystem 152 is connected with system controller 130, is used to utilize the mode of long-range or synthesis system to control all functions of FCB system, wherein comprises the FCB system; With system controller 130, be used for during the system operation of various patterns, managing the operation of above-mentioned subsystem.Will be described in greater detail below executive subsystem.
The multiple tracks discharge head assembly of metal fuel card discharge subsystem
The function of multiple tracks discharge head 124 assemblies is that electrical power is being provided on electric loading when the metal fuel card discharges during the discharge operation pattern.In this exemplary embodiment, each discharge (that is, discharge) 124 comprises: cathode assembly support plate 121, the passage 155A to 155E that it has a plurality of isolation makes its oxygen (O 2) bottom by each this passage freely; A plurality of conductive cathode parts (as, bar) 120A to 120E is used for inserting respectively the bottom of these passages; The electrolytical 155A to 155E of a plurality of injections is used to be placed on cathode strip, and supports in passage 154A to 154E respectively, shown in Fig. 5 A9; Inject chamber 136 with oxygen, be installed in going up on (back of the body) surface of cathode assembly support plate 121 with sealing means.
Shown in Fig. 2 A7,2A8 and 2A14, each oxygen injects chamber 136 and has a plurality of sub-chamber 136A to 136E, they respectively with passage 154A to 154E body on related.The sub-chamber of each vacuum all isolates with every other sub-chamber, and carries out fluid communication in a passage of supporting cathode assembly and electrolyte injection part.As shown in the figure, each sub-chamber is configured to and air compressor (O 2Supply) passage of passage of 137 chambeies through multi-lumen tube 140, manifold component 139 and air flow switch 138 carries out fluid communication, and each in these operations all is subjected to the control of system controller 130.By corresponding gas channel pumping air pressurized in manifold component 139 selectively, the pO2 value that this configuration makes system controller 130 can individually each oxygen during the discharge operation be injected sub-chamber 136A to 136E is controlled in the optimum range.PO 2The optimum range of value is determined through experiment experience by utilizing technology as known in the art.
In this exemplary embodiment, inject electrolytical by realizing for absorbed electrolyte mounting medium injection gel build electrolyte.Best, this electrolyte absorption mounting medium is implemented as the low-density of being made by the PET plastics, the bar of aperture foamed material.The gelinite electrolyte of each discharge battery unit utilize by alkaline solution (as, KOH), the prescription formed of gelatin materials, water and binding agent as known in the art makes.
In this exemplary embodiment, each cathode strip 120A to 120E utilizes the nickel wire stratum reticulare 156 that scribbles porous carbon materials, graininess platinum or other contact agent to make, and shown in Fig. 2 A7, is suitable for the negative electrode that uses with formation in the discharge head of metal-air FCB system.The details of cathode structure is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,894, and 296 and No.4,129,633, these patent citations are in this, for reference.In order to form the electric current collection path, electric conductor 40 is welded to the bottom silk screen layer of each cathode strip.Shown in Fig. 2 A7, the hole 159 of each electric conductor 158 by on the bottom surface of each passage 154 of cathode branch board, forming, and be connected to the input of K-A output configuration subsystem 132.As shown, each cathode strip is pressed in the bottom of its passage 154 of cathode branch board 121, and is fixed.Shown in Fig. 2 A7, have a plurality of perforation 160 in the bottom surface of each passage, make that oxygen freely arrives cathode strip during discharge mode.In this exemplary embodiment, inject an electrolytical 155A to 155E and be placed on respectively on the cathode strip 120A to 120E, and be fixed on the top of corresponding cathode supporting structure passage.Illustrate as Fig. 2 A8,2A13 and 2A14 the best, when in the respective channel that cathode strip and thin electrolyte bar is installed in the cathode branch board 121 them, each injects the concordant placement of upper surface of electrolytical outer surface with the plate of each passage of qualification.
Hydrophobic mediator is added to the material with carbon element of the cathode assembly that constitutes oxygen flow gas, to guarantee by its discharge water.In addition, the inner surface of cathode supporting passage is coated hydrophobic film (as polytetrafluoroethylene) 161, permeates to prevent the water that injects an electrolytical 155A to 155E, thereby realizes best that during discharge mode oxygen is sent to cathode strip.Best, the cathode branch board utilizes electrically non-conductive material, polyvinyl chloride as known in the art (PVC) to make.Cathode branch board and oxygen inject the chamber can utilize the casting process manufacturing of also knowing in the art.
In order during discharge mode, to detect the partial pressure of oxygen pO in the cathode construction 2For use in the electrical power that produces from discharge head is control effectively solid-state pO 2Transducer 135 is placed in each passage of cathode branch board 121, shown in Fig. 2 A7, but and is connected to system controller 130 as its message input device with mode of operation.In this exemplary embodiment, can utilize (in the body) pO that is used for measuring human blood that knows 2The pO of value 2Sensing technology is realized this pO 2Transducer.The transducer of these prior aries utilizes mninidiode, and analyzes and handle this information and come to produce the pO that calculates with reliable fashion 2Measured value sends by the electromagnetic radiation that absorbs with different value with two or more different wavelength when this diode oxygen occurs in blood, and as U.S. Patent No. 5,190,038 is described, and this patent citation in this for reference.In the present invention, the characteristic wavelength of light-emitting diode can so directly be selected, and, can carry out similar measuring ability in the cathode construction of each discharge head that is.
Among Fig. 2 A9 by detailed structure more illustrate Fig. 1 the multiple tracks fuel card.As shown in the figure, metal fuel card 112 comprises: the non-conductive basic unit 165 of flexible structure (that is, being made by plastic material stable when having electrolyte); A plurality of that extend in parallel, metals that the space separates (as, zinc) bar 119A to 119E, be arranged on the super thin metal current collection layer (not shown), this layer itself is arranged on the basic unit 165; A plurality of non-conductive 166A to 166E are arranged on each fuel bar in the direct basic unit 165 of 119A to 119E; With a plurality of passages that extend in parallel (as, groove) 167A to 167E, be formed on the downside of basic unit, relative with above-mentioned metal fuel bar, be used for electrically contacting through the basic unit and the metal fuel road 119A to 119E of fluting.The interval and the width that are noted that each metal fuel bar are designed to, and it utilizes on the respective cathode bar space in the discharge head of metal fuel card discharge subsystem of this metal fuel card 112 that will use and locatees.Above-mentioned metal fuel card can utilize above-mentioned any manufacture method, with the card form zink rod is applied on the basic plastic material layer and makes.But separate on the bonding jumper body, or separate, so that guarantee that electricity is isolated between the two by polytetrafluoroethylene.Then, fill the direct gap of bonding jumper, after this, can carry out machine work, laser ablation or other processing,, be used for electrically contacting through basic unit and single metal fuel bar to form meticulous passage therein to basic unit by the coating that applies electric isolated material.At last, to the meticulous light that cuts open of the upper surface of multiple tracks fuel card, to remove the lip-deep electric isolated material of the metal fuel bar that will will contact with cathode construction at interdischarge interval.
In Fig. 2 A10, a kind of illustrative metal fuel (anode) contact structures 122 are disclosed, be used in combination with the multiple tracks cathode construction shown in Fig. 2 A7 and the 2A8.As shown in the figure, a plurality of conductive component 168A to 168E by with card in platform 169 supporting of fuel card stroke placed adjacent.Each conductive component 168A to 168E has level and smooth surface, and the meticulous groove that is used for forming through the basic unit at the metal fuel card engages with a road of metal fuel slidably.Under the control of system controller 130, each conductive component is connected to electric conductor, and this electric conductor is connected to K-A output configuration subsystem 132 again.Under the control of system controller 130, but platform 169 be associated with discharge head transmit subsystem 131 with mode of operation, and can be designed to during the discharge mode of system, move to fuel card 112 positions.
Be noted that, as in this exemplary embodiment, by using a plurality of discharge heads rather than single discharge head, can make the more electrical power that produces from discharge head assembly 124 offer electric loading, and also make the heat minimum that on each discharge head, produces simultaneously.This characteristic of metal fuel card discharge subsystem 115 has prolonged the negative electrode that utilizes in its discharge head working life.
Discharge head transmit subsystem in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem
The major function of discharge head transmit subsystem 131 is that discharge head assembly 124 is sent to around the metal fuel card 112 that is loaded in the FCB system, shown in Fig. 2 A3.When correctly transmitting, the negative electrode of discharge head and anode contact structures realize that with the metal fuel road of the metal fuel card that is loaded " ionic conduction " contacts with " conduction " in discharge mode operating period.
Discharge head transmit subsystem 131 can utilize any realization in the multiple dynamo-electric actuation mechanism, this mechanism can be transmitted as the cathode supporting structure 121 of each discharge head and anode contact structures 122 and leave metal fuel card 112 (shown in Fig. 2 A3), and is sent to (shown in Fig. 2 A4) around the metal fuel card.As shown in the figure, but these connecting gears are connected to system controller 130 with mode of operation, and are controlled by system controller 130 according to the system control program that system controller 130 is carried out.
K-A output configuration subsystem in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem
Shown in Fig. 2 A3 and 2A4, K-A output configuration subsystem 132 is connected discharge power and regulates between the right output of the input of subsystem 151 and the K-A in the discharge head assembly 124.But system controller 130 is connected to K-A output configuration subsystem 132 with mode of operation, so that be provided for carrying out the control signal of its function during the discharge operation pattern.
The function of K-A output configuration subsystem 132 is automatically to dispose the right output of selected K-A in the discharge head of (serial or parallel ground) metal fuel card discharge subsystem 115, thereby during the card discharge operation, on the electric loading that is connected to the FCB system, produce required output voltage values.In this exemplary embodiment of the present, K-A output configuration subsystem 132 can be embodied as the one or more electrically programmable power-switching circuits that utilize the transistor control technology, wherein, negative electrode in the discharge head 124 and anode contact component are connected to the input that power output is regulated subsystem 151.Under the control of system controller 130, carry out these conversion operations, thereby on the electric loading of the discharge power adjusting subsystem 151 that is connected to the FCB system, produce required output voltage.
Cathode to anode voltage monitoring subsystem in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem
Shown in Fig. 2 A3 and 2A4, but cathode to anode voltage monitoring subsystem 133 is connected to K-A output configuration subsystem 132 with mode of operation, is used to detect magnitude of voltage wherein etc.But this system also is used for being connected to system controller with mode of operation, is used to receive the required control signal of its function of execution.In first exemplary embodiment, cathode to anode voltage monitoring subsystem 133 has two major functions: during discharge mode, automatically detect with the K-A structure related by each metal fuel road of each discharge head on the instantaneous voltage value that produces; With, produce (numeral) data-signal of the detected voltage of indication, be used for obtaining with processing subsystem 295 and detect, analyze and respond by data.
In first exemplary embodiment of the present invention, cathode to anode voltage monitoring subsystem 133 can utilize testing circuit to realize, this circuit is used for detecting the magnitude of voltage that produces on the K-A structure that is associated in each the metal fuel road with each discharge head that is arranged on metal fuel card discharge subsystem 115.To should be in detected magnitude of voltage, this circuit can be designed to produce the digital data signal of the detected magnitude of voltage of indication, is used for being obtained with processing subsystem 295 by data detecting and analyzing.
K-A current monitoring subsystem in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem
Shown in Fig. 2 A3 and 2A4, but K-A current monitoring subsystem 134 is connected to K-A output configuration subsystem 132 with mode of operation.K-A current monitoring subsystem 134 has two major functions: during discharge mode, automatically detect the right current amplitude of K-A that flows through each metal fuel road along each the discharge head assembly in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem 115; Produce the digital data signal of the detected electric current of indication, be used for obtaining with processing subsystem 295 and detect and analyze by data.In the present invention's first exemplary embodiment, K-A current monitoring subsystem 134 can utilize current detection circuit to realize, this circuit is used to detect the right electric current of K-A that flows through each metal fuel road along each discharge head assembly, produces the detected current digital data-signal of indication.As after explain that in more detail these detected current values are used for carrying out its discharge power control method by system controller, and create each zone of metal fuel card of discharge or " discharge condition history " and the metal fuel availability record in subarea.
The negative electrode oxygen pressure control subsystem of metal fuel card discharge subsystem
The function of negative electrode oxygen pressure control subsystem is to detect the oxygen pressure (pO of each passage of the cathode construction of discharge head 124 2), and, in response to this, by regulating the air (O in these cathode constructions 2) pressure controls (that is, increase or reduction) this pressure.According to the present invention, the partial pressure of oxygen (pO in each passage of the cathode construction of each discharge head 2) remain on the optimum value, so that in discharge head, realizing optimum oxygen consumption during the discharge mode.By keeping the pO in the cathode construction 2Value can increase the power output that produces from discharge head in order to controlled manner.In addition, by monitoring pO 2Variation and produce its digital data signal of expression, to detect and to analyze, controlled variable is provided for this system controller by system controller, be used for during discharge mode, regulating the electrical power that offers electric loading.
Ion concentration control subsystem in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem
In order during discharge mode, to realize high energy efficiency, must on the negative electrode-electrolyte interface of each discharge head in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem 115, keep the optium concentration of (electrically charged) ion.Therefore, the major function of this ion concentration control subsystem is to detect and change state in the FCB system, thus during the discharge operation pattern with discharge head in the ion concentration at negative electrode-electrolyte interface place remain in the optimum range.
When the negative electrode in each road in discharge head and the ionic conduction medium between the anode when comprising the electrolyte of potassium hydroxide (KOH), wish during the discharge operation pattern, its concentration to be remained on 6N (6M).Because therefore the concentration that water cut value in the cathode construction or relative humidity (RH%) can influence KOH in the electrolyte significantly, wish to regulate the relative humidity at negative electrode-electrolyte interface place in each discharge head.In this exemplary embodiment, can realize ion concentration control in many ways, promptly, small solid humidity (or moisture content) transducer 142 is inserted in cathode supporting structure (or as close as possible anode-cathode interface), so that detect the moisture content situation, and produce its digital data signal of expression.This digital data signal is provided for data and obtains and processing subsystem 295, detects and analyzes.Drop to the predetermined threshold that is provided with in the memory (ROM) in system controller 130 when following in water cut value, system controller automatically produces a control signal, offer humidifier components 143, humidifier components 143 can be implemented as little spray thrower structure 143 of inserting in the wall of cathode supporting structure 121.In this exemplary embodiment, these walls work to send water conduit, and when system controller 130 started water flow valve 147 and pump 145, these conduits were discharged the globule from the hole 144 adjacent with the particular cathode parts.In this state, water pumps from cistern 146 through manifold 148 along conduit 149, and emits from the hole 144 adjacent with the cathode assembly of needs increase water cut value, and this value can be detected by moisture sensor 142.The KOH concentration that these water cut value detect and control operation has guaranteed to inject the electrolyte of an electrolytical 155A to 155E remains can carry out best that ion transmits and so produce power.
Discharge head temperature control subsystem in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem
Shown in Fig. 2 A3,2A4 and 2A7, the discharge head temperature control subsystem that is arranged in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem of the present invention's second exemplary embodiment comprises a plurality of subassemblies, that is: system controller; The solid state temperature transducer (as, thermistor) 290, insert in each passage of its many cathode supporting structures, shown in Fig. 2 A7; With discharge head cooling device 291, it is in response to the control signal that is produced by system controller 130, is used for during discharge operation the temperature of each discharge channel is reduced in the optimum temperature range.Discharge head cooling device 291 can utilize multiple hot swapping to realize, comprises known air-cooled, water-cooled and/or refrigerant cools in the heat exchange field.In some embodiments of the invention, when producing the electrical power of high numerical value, may wish provides sleeve-like structure around each discharge head, so as for temperature controlled purpose circulating air, water and cold-producing medium.
Data in the metal fuel belt discharge subsystem are obtained and processing subsystem
In the exemplary embodiment of Fig. 1, data shown in Fig. 2 A3 and the 2A4 obtain and processing subsystem (DCPS) 295 is carried out multiple function, for example comprise: (1) is just before each metal fuel clamps the partial discharge head that is downloaded in the discharge head assembly, identify each metal fuel card, and produce its metal fuel card identification data of expression; (2) during the metal fuel card of sign is loaded onto period in its discharge head assembly, various " discharge parameters " in the existing metal fuel card discharge of sensing (that is, the detecting) subsystem; (3) calculate one or more parameters, estimate or measure the value of the metal oxide that during the card discharge operation, produces, and produce " the metal oxide designation data " of parameter, estimated value and/or measured value that expression calculated; (4) the metal oxide designation data that in metal fuel data base management subsystem 293 (can by system controller 130 visit), writes down detected discharge parameter data and calculate, the two all with the discharge operation pattern during identify its corresponding metal fuel road/card is relevant.Be more clearly visible as the back, obtaining the information that remains on this record in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 293 with processing subsystem 295 by data can be used in every way by system controller 130, these modes for example comprise: during the discharge operation pattern, optimally the metal fuel of partially or completely oxidation is sticked into row optimization discharge (that is, producing electrical power from it) with effective and efficient manner; With during recharging operator scheme, optimally the metal fuel of partially or completely oxidation is sticked into capable recharging with effective and efficient manner.
During discharge operation, data obtain with processing subsystem 295 automatically to expression with constitute the above-mentioned metal fuel card data-signal of the various subsystems of subsystem 115 related " discharge parameter " sample (or obtaining) that discharges.During discharge mode, in the data-signal by these subsystems generations, the numerical value of these samplings is encoded as information.According to principle of the present invention, card type " discharge parameter " should include but not limited to: along the voltage that produces on the negative electrode of the special metal fuel channel that monitored by for example negative electrode-electrolyte voltage monitoring subsystem 133 and the anode construction; At the electric current that flows through on by the negative electrode of for example negative electrode-special metal fuel channel that electrolyte current monitoring subsystem 134 monitors and anode construction; Oxygen saturation value (pO in the cathode construction of each discharge head 124 2), monitor by negative electrode oxygen pressure control subsystem (130,135,136,137,138,140); In by the partial discharge head of for example ion concentration control subsystem (130,142,145,146,147,148,149) monitoring along on the negative electrode-electrolyte interface of special metal fuel channel or near moisture content (H 2O) value (or relative humidity); The temperature (T) of discharge head during the card discharge operation; With the period ((T) of any discharge parameter state of above-mentioned sign.
Usually, data are obtained can the method for registration card type " discharge parameter " have multiple during the discharge operation pattern with processing subsystem.The back will be described these diverse ways.
First method according to the data record shown in Fig. 2 A9, unique card authentication code or mark 171 (as, compact bar code symbol with zone reinforcement information coding) be printed on " optics " data track 172 with graphics mode, this data track for example is implemented as clear bar that the reflective film that adheres to or adhere to along the edge adhesion of metal fuel card measures shown in Fig. 2 A9.Recording its this optical data road 172 that blocks authentication code with printing or phototypesetting technology on it can form when making multiple tracks metal fuel card.Along the metal fuel card identity marking 171 of this card-edge then by the optical data reader 150 that utilizes optical technology to realize (as, laser scan type bar code symbol reader or optical decoder device) read.In this exemplary embodiment, the information of representing these unique card authentication codes offer data obtain with processing subsystem 295 in data-signal in encode, then during discharge operation, be recorded in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 293.
According to second method of the data record shown in Fig. 2 A9 ', unique numeral " card sign " code 171 ' magnetic recording along the edge configuration of metal fuel card 112 ' on magnetic data road 172 '.This magnetic data road 172 ' that records the card authentication code on it can form when making this multiple tracks metal fuel card.Then, this card identity marking along this card-edge is read by the magnetic reader 150 ' that utilizes the magnetic information of knowing in this area to read the technology realization.In this exemplary embodiment, the numerical data of representing these unique card authentication codes offer data obtain with processing subsystem 295 in data-signal in encode, then during discharge operation, be recorded in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 293.
A series of printing opacities aperture 171 ' of formation during according to third party's method of the data record shown in Fig. 2 A9 ' ', unique numeral " card sign " code is with along metal fuel card 112 ' ' edge be provided with light tight data track 172 ' ' ' record.In this aperture technology, information realizes the form coding in the printing opacity aperture of mode that information is encoded with its relative spacing and/or width.This optical data road that records the card authentication code on it can form when making this multiple tracks metal fuel card.Then, along the area identification mark 171 ' of this card-edge ' by the optical sensing head 150 ' that utilizes the optical sensing technology known in this area to realize ' read.In this exemplary embodiment, the information of representing these unique area identification codes offer data obtain with processing subsystem 295 in data-signal in encode, then during discharge operation, be recorded in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 293.
According to the cubic method of data record, unique numeral in each road on the metal fuel card of sign " card sign " code and one group of discharge parameter are recorded in the data track in magnetic, light or aperture of the bar that is attached to metal fuel card of the present invention surface.The block of information of relevant special metal fuel card is recorded in during recharging operator scheme in the data track, and is adjacent on this data track and the relevant metal fuel district body of easily visiting this recorded information.Usually, this block of information will comprise metal fuel card identification number and one group of discharge parameter, schematically show as Fig. 2 A15, and when metal fuel clamps when being downloaded in the discharge head assembly 124, they are obtained with processing subsystem 295 by data and automatically detect.
Compare with the third method, above-mentioned first and second data record methods have several advantages.Specifically, when utilizing first and second methods, has extremely low information capacity along the data track of metal fuel card setting.This be because, few with the information of each metal fuel calorie requirement record of unique identifier (address number or card identification number) mark, this is blocked detected discharge parameter is recorded in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 293.In addition, should be not expensive according to the data track information of first and second methods, and be provided for reading equipment along the card identification information of this data track record.
The discharge power of metal fuel card discharge subsystem is regulated subsystem
Shown in Fig. 2 A3 and 2A4, but the input port that discharge power is regulated subsystem 151 is connected to the output port of negative electrode-electrolyte output configuration subsystem 132 with mode of operation, but and discharge power is regulated the output port of subsystem 151 is connected to electric loading 116 with mode of operation input.Though discharge power regulate the major function of subsystem be adjusted in offer electric loading during its discharge operation pattern electrical power (promptly, metal fuel card in its discharge head produces by being loaded into), discharge power is regulated the operator scheme that subsystem 151 has a programming, wherein, be added in the output voltage on the electric loading and the electric current that flows through on negative electrode-electrolyte interface is regulated during discharge operation.These controlled function are managed by system controller 130, and can select in many ways able to programmely, so that realize the optimal discharge of multiple tracks of the present invention and single track metal fuel card when satisfying the dynamic loading requirement.
The discharge power of the 3rd exemplary embodiment is regulated subsystem 151 can utilize known solid state power, the realization of voltage and current control circuit in power, voltage and current control field.This circuit can comprise the electrically programmable power-switching circuit that utilizes the transistor controls technology, wherein, controllable current source can be connected in series electric loading 116, so that in response to the electric current of crossing by the control signal control flows of system controller 130 generations of carrying out the partial discharge Poewr control method.These electrically programmable power-switching circuits also can comprise the transistor controls technology, wherein, controllable voltage source can be parallel to electric loading, so that control the voltage of output in response to the control signal that is produced by system controller 130.This circuit can and be controlled by it by system controller 130 combinations, so that constant power control is provided on electric loading.
In these exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the major function that discharge power is regulated subsystem 151 is to utilize one of following discharge power control method to come that electric loading is carried out realtime power to regulate: (1) constant output voltage/variable output current method, wherein, in response to load condition, make the output voltage that is added on the electric loading keep constant, and its electric current is changed; (2) constant output electric current/variable output voltage method wherein, in response to load condition, makes the output current that flows in the electric loading keep constant, and makes its change in voltage; (3) constant output voltage/constant output current methods, wherein in response to load condition, voltage in the load and the electric current that flows in the load all keep constant; (4) constant output method wherein, in response to load condition, makes the power output that is added on the electric loading keep constant; (5) pulsation power output method wherein, is added in power output on the electric loading with the duty ratio pulsation of each output pulses of keeping according to predetermined condition; (6) constant output voltage/pulsation output current method wherein, make the electric current that flows in the electric loading keep constant, and the electric current of inflow load is pulsed with particular duty cycle; (7) pulsation output voltage/constant output current methods wherein, make the power output pulsation that flows into load, and the electric current of inflow load keeps constant.
In the preferred embodiments of the present invention, seven (7) plant in the discharge power control methods each all is programmed among the ROM relevant with system controller 130.These power regulating methods can multitude of different ways be selected, these modes for example comprise, manually switch on the start-up system housing or button, automatically detect on the interface between electric loading and the metal fuel card discharge subsystem 115 and set up or detected body, electricity, magnetic or optical states.
I/O control subsystem in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem
In some applications, may wish maybe must two or more FCB systems of combination or their metal fuel card discharge subsystem 115, so that these subsystems that synthesis system has not only by isolated operation provide its function.Consider these application, its metal fuel card discharge subsystem 115 comprises I/O control subsystem 152, it (for example makes its external system, microcomputer or microcontroller) go beyond one's commission and control the each side of metal fuel card discharge subsystem, carry out these controlled function as its system controller.In this exemplary embodiment, I/O control subsystem 152 is implemented as the IEEEI/O bus architecture of standard, for outside or remote computer system provide directly with the metal fuel card discharge subsystem 115 system controller 130 interfaces and the method and apparatus of management system and subsystem operations each side directly.
System controller in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem
As mentioned above, system controller 130 is carried out various operations, so that realize the various functions of the FCB system in its discharge subsystem.In the preferred embodiment of the FCB of Fig. 1 system, system controller 130 utilizes known microcontroller realization with programming of program and data storage (as ROM, EPROM, RAM etc.) and system bus structure in the Controlled by Microcomputer field.
In any specific embodiment of the present invention, it should be understood that two or more microcontroller capable of being combined, respectively organize function so that carry out by what its FCB system carried out.All these embodiment all are embodiment that considered of system of the present invention.
Discharge metal fuel card in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem
Fig. 2 A5 represents to describe the high level flow chart of the basic step (that is, producing electrical power by it) of the discharge metal fuel card that utilizes the discharge of metal fuel card shown in Fig. 2 A3 and 2A4 subsystem.
Shown in piece A, card load/unload subsystem 111 is delivered between the card discharge of metal fuel card discharge subsystem by oral instructions on the metal fuel card 112 of 4 of as many as from the clamping of system's housing.This card transport process schematically is shown among Fig. 2 A1 and the 2A2.Fig. 2 A3 represents be when metal fuel clamp be downloaded between its discharge in the time subsystem state.
Shown in piece B, around the metal fuel card during discharge head transmit subsystem 131 is configured in discharge head between the discharge that is encased in metal fuel card discharge subsystem, thereby the ionic conduction medium is arranged on each cathode construction and the metal fuel card that loaded between.
Shown in piece C, discharge head transmit subsystem 131 disposes each discharge head then, contact thereby its cathode construction produces ion with the metal fuel card that is loaded, and its anode construction electrically contacts with it, shown in Fig. 2 A4.
Shown in piece D, negative electrode-electrolyte output configuration subsystem 132 automatically is configured in the output of each discharge head of arranging around the metal fuel card that is loaded, then, system controller control metal fuel card discharge subsystem, thereby produce the electrical power of required output voltage and current value, and electrical power is offered electric loading 116.When one or more metal fuel cards that load discharge, then block load/unload subsystem 111 automatically from discharging the metal fuel card of discharge between discharge, to replace by the metal fuel card that recharges.
The metal fuel card of metal-air FCB of the present invention system first exemplary embodiment recharges subsystem
Shown in Fig. 2 B3 and 2B4, the metal fuel card of first exemplary embodiment recharges subsystem 117 and comprises a plurality of subsystems, that is: the reduction of the metal oxide of multizoneization (promptly, recharge) assembly 175, they respectively have multi-part cathode construction 121 ' and the anode contact structures 124 ' that its conduction input can connect in the following manner; Recharge a transmit subsystem 131 ', the subassembly that is used for recharging an assembly 175 is sent to and is loaded into the metal fuel card that loaded or sends out from it; Input power subsystem 176, the AC power signal that is used for offering from the outside its input 177 converts the DC power supply signal to, and this signal has and is suitable for recharging that the metal fuel of configuration sticks into the voltage that row recharges around the head to recharging at the metal fuel card in the subsystem; Negative electrode-electrolyte input configuration subsystem 178, be used under the control of system controller 130, the output (port) of input power subsystem is connected to recharges a negative electrode of 175 and the input (port) of anode contact structures, thereby provide input voltage to it, be used for during recharging operator scheme, electrochemically converting metal oxide structures to its virgin metal; Negative electrode-electrolyte voltage monitoring subsystem 133 ', be connected to negative electrode-electrolyte input configuration subsystem 178, be used for monitoring (that is, sampling) each recharge head negative electrode and anode construction on the voltage that applies, and produce (numeral) data of the detected magnitude of voltage of expression; Negative electrode-electrolyte current monitoring subsystem 134 ', be connected to negative electrode-electrolyte input configuration subsystem 178, be used for monitoring (sampling) and recharging the electric current that flows through on the negative electrode-electrolyte interface of head at each during the discharge mode, and produce the digital data signal of the detected current value of expression; Negative electrode oxygen pressure control subsystem comprises system controller 130 ', solid-state pO 2Multi-lumen tube 140 shown in vacuum chamber (structure) 136 ', vacuum pump 137 ', air flow controller 138 ', manifold structure 139 ' and Fig. 2 B3 and the 2B4 shown in transducer 135 ', Fig. 2 B7 and the 2B8, they are set together as shown in figure, are used for detecting and control the pO in the cathode construction of each discharge head 2Value; The ion concentration control subsystem, comprise system controller 130 ', solid-state moisture sensor (densimeter) 142 ', humidifier components (as, little sprinkler part) 143 ', water pump 145 ', cistern 146 ', automatically controlled water flow control valve 147 ', manifold structure 148 ' and extend into moisture content conduit 149 ' in the structure 143 ' is provided, they fitted together as shown in figure the state that is used for detecting and regulate in the FCB system (as, in the relative humidity that recharges on the negative electrode-electrolyte interface), thereby the ion concentration in discharge mode operating period with negative electrode-electrolyte interface place remains in the optimum range, wherein humidifier components 143 ' is implemented as little spray thrower of inserting in the wall construction of cathode branch board 121 ' (having the apopore 144 ' that is provided with along each wall surface, shown in Fig. 2 B6); Recharge a temperature control subsystem, comprise system controller 130 ', insert solid state temperature transducer in each passage of its many cathode supporting structures 121 ' (as, thermistor) 290 ' and recharge a cooling device 291 ', to should be in the control signal that produces by system controller 130, during discharge operation, each temperature that recharges passage is reduced in the optimum temperature range; Related type metal fuel data base management subsystem (MFDMS) 297, but it utilizes local bus 298 to be connected to system controller 130 ' with mode of operation, is designed to receive the information of the particular type that extracts the output of each subsystem in the metal fuel band recharges subsystem 115; Data obtain and processing subsystem (DCPS) 299, comprise data read 180 (180 ', 180 ' ') with based on the data processor of microprocessor of programming, wherein, this read head is included in or closely is installed in each and recharges a cathode supporting structure of 124, this data processor is used for receiving from cathode to anode voltage monitoring subsystem 133 ', K-A current monitoring subsystem 134 ', negative electrode oxygen pressure control subsystem, recharge the data-signal that a temperature control subsystem and ion concentration control subsystem produce, and can (ⅰ) from the metal fuel card that is loaded, read metal fuel card identification data, (ⅱ) utilize local system bus 300, the detected metal fuel designation data that calculates that recharges parameter and extracted of record in metal fuel data base management subsystem (MFDMS) 297, (ⅲ) utilize local system bus 298, read discharge parameter that is stored in the record in advance in the metal fuel database (MFDMS) 297 and the metal oxide designation data that writes down in advance; Input (promptly, recharge) power conditioning subsystem 181, be connected to the input power subsystem 176 output (promptly, port) with the input of negative electrode-electrolyte input configuration subsystem 178 (promptly, port) between, be used for during recharging pattern, regulate negative electrode and the input power on the anode construction (with voltage and/or current characteristics) of delivering to each the metal fuel card that is just being recharged; I/O control subsystem 152 ' is connected with system controller 130 ', is used to utilize the mode of long-range or synthesis system to control all functions of FCB system, wherein comprises the FCB system; With system controller 130 ', the system controller 130 ' that utilizes total system bus 300 shown in Fig. 2 B16 and metal fuel card to recharge in the subsystem 117 is connected, and has the multiple device of the operation of the above-mentioned subsystem of management during various system operation modes.Will be described in greater detail below these subsystems.
The multiple tracks that the metal fuel card recharges subsystem recharges an assembly
The function that multiple tracks recharges slubbing assembly 175 is to be loaded into the metal oxide structures on the metal fuel Ka Dao between discharge in the system with the electrochemical means reduction during recharging operator scheme.In the exemplary embodiment shown in Fig. 2 B7 and the 2B8, each recharges 175 and comprises: cathode assembly support plate 121 ', its passage 154A ' with a plurality of isolation makes its oxygen (O to 154E ' 2) bottom by each this passage freely; A plurality of conductive cathode parts (as, bar) 120A ' is respectively applied in the bottom of inserting these passages respectively to 120E '; Electrolytical 155A ' of a plurality of injections be to 155E ', is used to be placed on the cathode strip 36 and is bearing in passage 154 ' to 154E ', shown in Fig. 2 B6; With take out oxygen chamber 136 ', be installed in going up on (back of the body) surface, shown in Fig. 2 B7 of cathode assembly support plate 121 ' with sealing means.
Shown in Fig. 2 B3,2B4 and 2B14, each is taken out oxygen chamber 136 ' and has a plurality of sub-chamber 136A ' to 136E ', and they are related to the 154E ' body with passage 154A ' respectively.The sub-chamber of each vacuum all isolates with every other sub-chamber, and carries out fluid communication with a passage that wherein supports cathode assembly and electrolyte injection part.Shown in Fig. 2 B3,2B4 and 2B8, each sub-chamber be configured to vacuum pump 137 ' through a chamber of multi-lumen tube 140, passage of manifold component 139 ' and a passage of air flow switch 138 ' carry out fluid communication, each in these operations all is subjected to the control of system controller 130 '.This configuration makes system controller 130 can be individually extract sub-chamber 136A ' out and be controlled in the optimum range to the pO2 value among the 136E ' recharging during the discharge operation of an assembly each oxygen.This operation by selectively in manifold component 139 ' corresponding gas channel deflate from this a little chamber and carry out.This configuration makes system controller 130 ' recharging operating period with pO 2Value remains in the optimum range.
In this exemplary embodiment, recharge in the assembly and to inject electrolytical 155A ' and realize by injecting gel build electrolyte for the absorbed electrolyte mounting medium to 155E '.Best, this electrolyte absorption mounting medium is implemented as the low-density of being made by the PET plastics, the bar of aperture foamed material.Each gelinite electrolyte that recharges the unit utilize by alkaline solution (as, KOH), the prescription formed of gelatin materials, water and binding agent as known in the art makes.
In this exemplary embodiment, each cathode strip utilization scribbles the nickel wire stratum reticulare 156 ' of porous carbon materials, graininess platinum or other contact agent 157 ' and makes, and is suitable for the negative electrode that uses in the head that recharges in metal-air FCB system with formation.The details of cathode structure is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,894, and 296 and No.4,129,633, these patent citations are in this, for reference.In order to form the electric current collection path, electric conductor 158 ' is welded to the bottom silk screen layer 156 ' of each cathode strip.Shown in Fig. 2 B7, the hole 159 ' of each electric conductor 158 ' by on the bottom surface of each passage 154A1 to 154E2 ' of cathode branch board 121 ', forming, and be connected to the input of negative electrode-electrolyte input configuration subsystem 178.As shown in the figure, this cathode strip is pressed in the bottom of passage, and is fixed.Shown in Fig. 2 B7, be formed with a plurality of perforation 160 ' in the bottom surface of each passage, make that oxygen is extracted out from negative electrode-electrolyte interface during recharging pattern, and arrive vacuum pump 137 '.In this exemplary embodiment, inject electrolytical 155A ' and be placed on cathode strip 120A ' respectively to 120E ' to 155E ', and be fixed on the top of corresponding cathode supporting passage.Illustrate as Fig. 2 B13 and 2B14 the best, when in the respective channel that cathode strip and thin electrolyte bar is installed in the cathode branch board 121 ' them, each injects the concordant placement of upper surface of electrolytical outer surface with the plate of each passage of qualification.
Hydrophobic mediator is added in the material with carbon element of the cathode assembly that constitutes oxygen flow gas, with by its discharge water.In addition, the inner surface of cathode supporting passage is coated hydrophobic film (as polytetrafluoroethylene) 161, injects the water discharge of electrolytical 155A ' to 155E ' with assurance, thereby realizes oxygen transmission passing through cathode strip during recharging pattern best.Best, cathode branch board 121 ' utilizes electrically non-conductive material, polyvinyl chloride as known in the art (PVC) plastic material to make.Cathode branch board 121 ' and take out oxygen chamber 136 ' and can utilize the casting process manufacturing of also knowing in the art.
In order during recharging pattern, to detect the partial pressure of oxygen (pO in the cathode construction 2) for use in reduction control effectively solid-state pO to the metal oxide from recharge head 2Transducer 135 ' is placed in each passage of cathode branch board 121 ', shown in Fig. 2 B7, but and is connected to system controller as its message input device with mode of operation.In this exemplary embodiment, can utilize (in the body) pO that is used for measuring human blood that knows 2The PO of value 2Sensing technology is realized this pO 2Transducer.The transducer of these prior aries utilizes mninidiode, and analyzes and handle this information and come to produce the pO that calculates with reliable fashion 2Measured value sends by the electromagnetic radiation that absorbs with different value with two or more different wavelength when this diode oxygen occurs in blood, and as U.S. Patent No. 5,190,038 is described, and this patent citation in this for reference.In the present invention, the characteristic wavelength of light-emitting diode can so directly be selected, and, can carry out similar measuring ability in each recharges the cathode construction of head that is.
Thereby has the multiple tracks fuel card 112 that has carried out partial discharge and had metal oxide structures along its metal fuel road shown in Fig. 2 B9.Be noted that shown in Fig. 2 A9 and the metal fuel calorie requirement of above-mentioned this partial discharge recharges in the subsystem 117 at the metal fuel card of Fig. 4 and recharges.
In Fig. 2 B10, a kind of illustrative metal fuel (anode) contact structures 122 ' are disclosed, be used in combination with the multiple tracks cathode construction shown in Fig. 2 B7 and the 2B8.As shown in the figure, a plurality of conductive component 168A ' to 168E ' by with card in the platform 169 ' supporting of fuel card stroke placed adjacent.Each conductive component 168A ' has level and smooth surface to 168E ', and the meticulous groove that is used for forming through the basic unit at fuel card engages with a road of metal fuel slidably.Each conductive component is connected to electric conductor, and this electric conductor is connected to the output of negative electrode-electrolyte input configuration subsystem 178 again.Under the control of system controller 130 ', but platform 169 ' be associated with mode of operation with recharging a transmit subsystem 131 ', and can be designed to during the pattern that recharges of system, move to the metal fuel card position.
Be noted that, as in this exemplary embodiment, a plurality ofly recharge 175 rather than single discharge head by using, can utilize lower recharge current to make and recharge quickly, recharge the heat minimum that produces on the head thereby make at each from the metal fuel card of discharge.This characteristic that the metal fuel card recharges subsystem 117 has prolonged the working life that recharges the negative electrode that utilizes in the head at it.
The metal fuel card recharges the transmit subsystem that recharges in the subsystem
The major function that recharges a transmit subsystem 131 ' be with recharge an assembly 175 be sent to be loaded into each subsystem recharge between in metal fuel card 112 near, shown in Fig. 2 B3 and 2B4.When correctly transmitting, negative electrode and the anode contact structures that recharge head contact with " conduction " with the metal fuel road realization " ionic conduction " of the metal fuel card that is loaded recharging pattern operating period.
Recharge a transmit subsystem 131 ' and can utilize any realization in the multiple dynamo-electric actuation mechanism, this mechanism can recharge each the cathode supporting structure 121 ' and the 122 ' transmission of anode contact structures of head and leave the metal fuel card, shown in Fig. 2 B3, and be sent to around the metal fuel card, shown in Fig. 2 B4.As shown in the figure, but these connecting gears are connected to system controller 130 ' with mode of operation, and are controlled by system controller 130 ' according to the system control program that system controller 130 is carried out.
The metal fuel card recharges the input power subsystem in the subsystem
In this exemplary embodiment, the major function of input power subsystem 176 be through the power card of isolating come acceptance criteria interchange (AC) power supply (as, with 120 or 220 volts) as input, and the regulation voltage that recharges 175 places and need that during recharging operator scheme this power supply is recharged subsystem 117 with the metal fuel card converts direct current (DC) power supply of adjusting to.For zinc anode and carbon cathode, in order to keep electrochemical reduction, required " open-circuit cell " voltage Vacr is about 2.2-2.3 volt on each anode-cathode structure during recharging.This subsystem can utilize that known power transfer and regulating circuit realize in many ways in this area.
The metal fuel card recharges the K-A input configuration subsystem in the subsystem
Shown in Fig. 2 B3 and 2B4, negative electrode-electrolyte input configuration subsystem 178 is connected between the right input of the output that recharges power conditioning subsystem 181 and the negative electrode-electrolyte related with a multiple tracks that recharges 175.But system controller 130 ' is connected to negative electrode-electrolyte input configuration subsystem 178 with mode of operation, so that be provided for carrying out the control signal of its function during recharging operator scheme.
The function of negative electrode-electrolyte input configuration subsystem 178 is automatically to dispose the right input of selected negative electrode-electrolyte in the head that recharges that (serial or parallel connection) metal fuel card recharges subsystem 117, thereby applies required input (recharging) voltage level on the negative electrode-electrolyte structure in the metal fuel road that needs recharge.In this exemplary embodiment of the present, negative electrode-electrolyte input configuration subsystem 178 can be embodied as the one or more electrically programmable power-switching circuits that utilize the transistor control technology, wherein, a negative electrode and an anode contact component that recharges in 175 is connected to the output that input power is regulated subsystem 181.Under the control of system controller 130 ', carry out these conversion operations, regulate the required output voltage that subsystem 181 produces thereby on the negative electrode-electrolyte structure in the metal fuel road that needs recharge, apply by input power.
The metal fuel card recharges the cathode to anode voltage monitoring subsystem in the subsystem
Shown in Fig. 2 B3 and 2B4, but negative electrode-electrolyte voltage monitoring subsystem 133 ' is connected to negative electrode-electrolyte input configuration subsystem 178 with mode of operation, is used to detect the negative electrode that is connected to it and the voltage level on the anode construction.But this subsystem is connected to system controller 130 ' with mode of operation, is used to receive the required control signal of its function of execution.In first exemplary embodiment, negative electrode-electrolyte voltage monitoring subsystem 133 ' has two major functions: during recharging pattern, automatically detect the instantaneous voltage value that produces on the negative electrode-electrolyte structure related with each the metal fuel road that recharges the head transmission by each; With, produce (numeral) data-signal of the detected voltage of indication, be used for obtaining with processing subsystem 299 and detect and analyze by data.
In first exemplary embodiment of the present invention, negative electrode-electrolyte voltage monitoring subsystem 133 ' can utilize testing circuit to realize, this circuit be used for detecting be applied to recharge subsystem 117 through the metal fuel card each recharge magnitude of voltage on negative electrode-electrolyte structure that each metal fuel road that head transmits is associated.In response to detected magnitude of voltage, this circuit can be designed to produce the digital data signal of the detected magnitude of voltage of indication, is used for being obtained with processing subsystem 299 by data detecting and analyzing.As will be described in more detail, this data-signal can be used for carrying out it by system controller and recharge power regulating method during recharging operator scheme.
The metal fuel card recharges the K-A current monitoring subsystem in the subsystem
Shown in Fig. 2 B3 and 2B4, but negative electrode-electrolyte current monitoring subsystem 134 ' is connected to negative electrode-electrolyte input configuration subsystem 178 with mode of operation.Negative electrode-electrolyte current monitoring subsystem 134 ' has two major functions: during recharging pattern, automatically detect each that recharge in the subsystem 117 along the metal fuel card and recharge the right current amplitude of negative electrode-electrolyte that an assembly flows through each metal fuel road; Produce the digital data signal of the detected electric current of indication, be used for obtaining with processing subsystem 299 and detect and analyze by data.
In the present invention's first exemplary embodiment, negative electrode-electrolyte current monitoring subsystem 134 ' can utilize current detection circuit to realize, this circuit is used for detecting and recharges an assembly along each and flow through each metal fuel road (promptly, bar) electric current that negative electrode-electrolyte is right produces the digital data signal of indicating detected current value.As after explain that in more detail these detected current values are used for carrying out it by system controller and recharge power regulating method, and create each zone of the metal fuel card that recharges or " recharging state history " message file in subarea.
The metal fuel card recharges the negative electrode oxygen pressure control subsystem of subsystem
Negative electrode oxygen pressure (pO 2) function of control subsystem is to detect the oxygen pressure (pO of each subchannel that recharges a cathode construction of 175 2), and, in response to this, by the air (O in the subchannel of regulating these cathode constructions 2) pressure controls (that is, increase or reduction) this pressure.According to the present invention, each recharges the partial pressure of oxygen (pO in each subchannel of cathode construction of head 2) remain on the optimum value, take out oxygen so that during recharging pattern, in recharging head, realize the best.During recharging pattern, by the PO in each passage that reduces cathode construction 2Value (by extract out) can offer the input power that recharges head and recovers fully along the metal oxide of metal fuel card by using best.In addition, by monitoring pO 2Variation produce its digital data signal of expression, detect and analyze to obtain by data, and final responding system controller 130 ' with processing subsystem 299.Therefore, system controller 130 ' is provided with controlled variable, is used for regulating during recharging pattern the power supply that offers through the fuel channel of discharge.
The metal fuel card recharges the ion concentration control subsystem in the subsystem
In order during recharging pattern, to realize high energy efficiency, must recharge the optium concentration that in the subsystem 117 each recharged on 175 the negative electrode-electrolyte interface and kept (electrically charged) ion at the metal fuel card.In addition, the metal fuel card recharge in the subsystem 117 best ion concentration can with metal fuel card discharge subsystem 115 in required different.For this reason, in the application-specific of its FCB system, may wish and/or must recharge independent ion concentration control subsystem is set in the subsystem 117 at the metal fuel card.The major function that the metal fuel card recharges this ion concentration control subsystem in the subsystem 117 should be to detect and change state wherein, thereby the ion concentration that will recharge negative electrode in the head-electrolyte interface place during recharging operator scheme remains in the optimum range.
In the exemplary embodiment of this subsystem, by realizing ion concentration control shown in Fig. 2 B7, inserting small solid humidity (or moisture content) transducer 142 ' (or as close as possible anode-cathode interface) in the cathode branch board 121 ', so that detect wherein moisture content or moisture condition, and produce its digital data signal of indication.This digital data signal is provided for data and obtains and processing subsystem 299, detects and analyzes.When the predetermined threshold that is provided with in water cut value or relative humidity drop to memory (ROM) in system controller 130 is following, the system controller 130 ' of the information in the monitoring metal fuel data base management subsystem 297 automatically produces a control signal, offer humidifier components, this humidifier components can be implemented as little spray thrower structure 143 ' of inserting in the wall of cathode supporting structure 121 '.In this exemplary embodiment, this wall plays the water delivery conduit, and these conduits are discharged the globule from the hole 144 of miniature sizes, and its mode is similar with the mode of carrying out in the cathode supporting structure 121 in discharge head.Therefore, the function of pump 145 ', pond 146 ', flow control valve 147 ', manifold 148 ' and multi-lumen tube 149 ' is similar with pump 145, pond 146, flow control valve 147, manifold 148 and multi-lumen tube 149 respectively.
This operation will increase the water cut value or the relative humidity of cathode supporting structure channel interior, thereby recharge the KOH concentration that operating period is the electrolyte of ion electrolytical of injection transmit guaranteeing to remain on best wherein supporting, and therefore reducing metal oxide at card.
Data in the metal fuel belt discharge subsystem are obtained and processing subsystem
In the exemplary embodiment of Fig. 1, data shown in Fig. 2 B3 and the 2B4 obtain and processing subsystem (DCPS) 299 is carried out multiple function, for example comprise: (1) recharges before specific in the assembly recharge head just clamping to be downloaded at each metal fuel, identify each metal fuel card, and produce its metal fuel card identification data of expression; (2) during the metal fuel card of sign was loaded onto it and recharges period in the assembly, the existing metal fuel card of sensing (that is, detecting) recharged various " the recharging parameter " in the subsystem; (3) calculate one or more parameters, estimate or measure the value that recharges the metal oxide that operating period produces at card, and produce " the metal oxide designation data " of parameter, estimated value and/or measured value that expression calculated; (4) in metal fuel data base management subsystem 297 (can by system controller 130 ' visit), write down the detected metal oxide designation data that recharges supplemental characteristic and calculate, the two all with recharge operator scheme during identify its corresponding metal fuel road/card is relevant.Be more clearly visible as the back, obtaining the information that remains on this record in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 297 with processing subsystem 299 by data can be used in every way by system controller 130 ', these modes for example comprise: during recharging operator scheme, optimally the metal fuel of partially or completely oxidation is sticked into capable recharging with immediate mode.
Recharging operating period, data are obtained the data-signal that automatically expression and the above-mentioned metal fuel card of formation is recharged the various subsystems of subsystem 117 related " recharging parameter " with processing subsystem 299 sample (or obtaining).During recharging pattern, in the data-signal by these subsystems generations, the data of these samplings are encoded as information.According to principle of the present invention, the card type " recharges parameter " and should include but not limited to: along the voltage that produces on the negative electrode of the special metal fuel channel that monitored by for example negative electrode-electrolyte voltage monitoring subsystem 133 ' and the anode construction; Flow through the edge by for example negative electrode-negative electrode of the special metal fuel channel that electrolyte current monitoring subsystem 134 ' monitors and the electric current of anode construction; Each recharges the oxygen saturation value (pO in 175 the cathode construction 2), it is monitored by negative electrode oxygen pressure control subsystem (130 ', 135 ', 136 ', 137 ', 138 ', 140 '); In by the partial discharge head of the monitoring of ion concentration control subsystem (130 ', 142 ', 145 ', 146 ', 147 ', 148 ', 149 ') for example along on the negative electrode-electrolyte interface of special metal fuel channel or near moisture content (H 2O) value (or relative humidity); Card recharges the temperature (T that operating period recharges head r); The period ((T that recharges parameter state with above-mentioned sign r).
Usually, data obtain can the registration card type " recharges parameter " during recharging operator scheme with processing subsystem 299 method have multiple.The back will be described these diverse ways.
First method according to the data record shown in Fig. 2 B9, with graphics mode be printed on unique card authentication code on " optics " data track 172 or mark (as, compact bar code symbol with zone reinforcement information coding) 171, by utilize the optical technology known in this area (as, laser scanning bar code symbol reader or optical decoder device) optical data reader 180 realized reads.In this exemplary embodiment, the information of representing these unique card authentication codes offer data obtain with processing subsystem 299 in data-signal in encode, then be recorded in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 297 recharging operating period.
According to second method of the data record shown in Fig. 2 B9 ', numeral " card sign " code 171 ' of magnetic recording on magnetic data road 172 ' read by the magnetic reader 150 ' that utilizes the magnetic information of knowing in this area to read the technology realization.In this exemplary embodiment, the numerical data of representing these unique card authentication codes offer data obtain with processing subsystem 299 in data-signal in encode, then be recorded in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 297 recharging operating period.
Third party's method according to the data record shown in Fig. 2 A9 ' ', be recorded as light tight data track 172 ' numeral " card sign " code 171 ' of a series of printing opacities aperture ' in ', by the optical sensing head 180 ' that utilizes the optical sensing technology known in this area to realize ' read.In this exemplary embodiment, the information of representing these unique area identification codes offer data obtain with processing subsystem 299 in data-signal in encode, then be recorded in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 297 recharging operating period.
According to the 4th the other method that is used for data record, unique numeral in each road on the metal fuel card of sign " card sign " code and recharging in the data track that parameter group all is recorded in the magnetic, light or the aperture that are embodied as the bar that is attached to metal fuel card of the present invention surface.The block of information of relevant special metal fuel card is recorded in during recharging operator scheme in the data track, and is adjacent on this data track and the relevant metal fuel district body of easily visiting this recorded information.Usually, this block of information will comprise that metal fuel card identification number and one group recharge parameter, schematically show as Fig. 2 B16, be downloaded to when recharging in the assembly 175 when metal fuel clamps, and they are obtained with processing subsystem 299 by data and automatically detect.
Compare with the third method, above-mentioned first and second data record methods have several advantages.Specifically, when utilizing first and second methods, has extremely low information capacity along the data track of metal fuel card setting.This be because, few with the information of unique identifier (address number or card identification number) the required record of each metal fuel card of mark, detectedly recharge reference record in metal fuel data base management subsystem 297.In addition, should be extremely cheap according to the data track structure of first and second methods, and be provided for reading equipment along the card identification information of this data track record.
The metal fuel card recharges the I/O control subsystem in the subsystem
In some applications, may wish maybe two or more FCB systems to be made up or their metal fuel card recharges subsystem, so that synthesis system not only provides its function by these subsystems that make it separately.Consider these application, its metal fuel card recharges subsystem 117 and comprises I/O control subsystem 117, it (for example makes its external system, microcomputer or microcontroller) go beyond one's commission and control the each side of metal fuel card discharge subsystem, carry out these controlled function as its system controller 130 '.In this exemplary embodiment, I/O control subsystem 152 ' is implemented as the IEEEI/O bus architecture of standard, for outside or remote computer system provide directly and the metal fuel card recharge subsystem 117 system controller 130 ' interfaces and the method and apparatus of management system and subsystem operations each side directly.
The metal fuel card recharges the power conditioning subsystem that recharges of subsystem
Shown in Fig. 2 B3 and 2B4, but the output port that recharges power conditioning subsystem 181 is connected to the input of negative electrode-electrolyte input configuration subsystem 178 with mode of operation, but and the input port that recharges power conditioning subsystem 181 is connected to the output port of input power supply 176 with mode of operation.Recharge when offering the power supply of metal fuel card during the operator scheme though recharge the major function of power conditioning subsystem 181 and be to be adjusted in, recharge power conditioning subsystem 181 also scalable recharging voltage on negative electrode-electrolyte structure that operating period is provided to the metal fuel road and the electric current that flows through its negative electrode-electrolyte interface.These controlled function are managed by system controller 130 ', and can select in many ways able to programmely, so that realize best the best of multiple tracks of the present invention and single track metal fuel card are recharged.
Recharging power conditioning subsystem 181 can utilize solid state power known in power, voltage and current control field, voltage and current control circuit to realize.This circuit can comprise the electrically programmable power-switching circuit that utilizes the transistor controls technology, wherein, one or more controllable current sources can be connected in series negative electrode and anode construction, so that in response to the electric current of crossing by the specific control signal control flows that recharges the system controller generation of Poewr control method of execution.These electrically programmable power-switching circuits also can comprise the transistor controls technology, wherein, one or more controllable voltage sources can be parallel to negative electrode and anode construction, so that in response to the voltage of being controlled by the control signal of system controller generation on it.This circuit can be made up and controlled by it by system controller 130 ', so that provide constant power (and/or voltage and/or electric current) control at the negative electrode-electrolyte structure of metal fuel card 112.
In these exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the major function that recharges power conditioning subsystem 181 is to utilize following one of the Poewr control method that recharges to come target/anode construction to carry out the realtime power adjusting: (1) constant input voltage/variable input current method, wherein, in response to going up the load condition that metal oxide structures is represented by recharging card, the input voltage that is added on each negative electrode-electrolyte structure keeps constant, and its electric current that flows through it is changed; (2) constant input current/variable input voltage method, wherein, in response to load condition, the electric current that flows on each negative electrode-electrolyte keeps constant, and makes the change in voltage on it; (3) constant input voltage/constant input current method, wherein during recharging in response to load condition, voltage on negative electrode-electrolyte structure and the electric current that flows in negative electrode-electrolyte structure all keep constant; (4) constant input power method, wherein, in response to load condition, the input power that is added on each negative electrode-electrolyte structure at interdischarge interval keeps constant; (5) pulsation input power method, wherein, be added to input power on each negative electrode-electrolyte structure during recharging to keep the duty ratio pulsation of each output pulses according to predetermined or dynamical state; (6) constant input voltage/pulsation input current method, wherein, the electric current that flows into during recharging in negative electrode-electrolyte structure keeps constant, and the electric current of inflow negative electrode-electrolyte structure is pulsed with particular duty cycle; (7) pulsation input voltage/constant input current method, wherein, during recharging, be added on each negative electrode-electrolyte structure input power pulsation, and flow in each negative electrode-electrolyte structure electric current keep constant.
In the preferred embodiments of the present invention, seven (7) plant each that recharge in the power regulating method all is pre-programmed among the ROM relevant with system controller 130 '.These power regulating methods can multitude of different ways be selected, these modes for example comprise, manually switch on the start-up system housing or button, automatically detect on metal fuel card device and metal fuel card recharge interface between the subsystem 117 and set up or detected body, electricity, magnetic or optical condition.
The metal fuel card recharges the system controller in the subsystem
Described in as above describing in detail, system controller 130 ' is carried out various operations, so that the various functions of the FCB system when carrying out its discharge mode.In the preferred embodiment of the FCB of Fig. 1 system, be used for realizing subsystem that the metal fuel card recharges the system controller 130 ' in the subsystem 117 and be used for realizing that the subsystem of the system controller 130 in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem 115 is identical.What however, it should be understood that is, in discharge and the system controller that recharges in the subsystem to be utilized can be implemented as independent subsystem, each all utilizes the microcontroller of one or more programmings, respectively organizes function so that carry out by what its FCB system carried out.In both cases, one I/O control subsystem in these subsystems can be designed to primary input/Output Control Sub-system, utilize this subsystem, one or more external subsystems (as, ADMINISTRATION SUBSYSTEM) can be connected to the outside and/or the remote management capability that can carry out execution in its FCB system.
The metal fuel card recharges and recharges the metal fuel card in the subsystem
Fig. 2 B5 represents to utilize metal fuel card shown in Fig. 2 B3 and the 2B4 to recharge the high level flow chart of the basic step that recharges the metal fuel card of subsystem 117.
Shown in piece A, card load/unload subsystem 111 is sent to 4 metal fuel cards between card that the metal fuel card recharges subsystem 117 recharges.
Shown in piece B, recharge a transmit subsystem 131 ' and will recharge head and be configured in and be encased in around the metal fuel card of metal fuel card in recharging between recharging of subsystem 117, thereby the ionic conduction medium is arranged between the metal fuel card of each cathode construction and loading.
Shown in piece C, recharge a transmit subsystem 131 ' and dispose each then and recharge 175, contact thereby its cathode construction forms ions with the metal fuel card 112 that is loaded, and its anode contact structures and its formation electrically contact.
Shown in piece D, negative electrode-electrolyte input configuration subsystem 178 automatically be configured in configuration around the metal fuel card that loaded each recharge the output of head, then, system controller control metal fuel card recharges subsystem 117, thereby power supply is provided for the negative electrode-electrolyte structure that recharges head that is mounted with the metal fuel card with the required voltage and current that recharges.When one or more metal fuel cards that load recharge, then block load/unload subsystem 111 and automatically between recharging, discharge the metal fuel card that recharges, replace with the metal fuel card of discharge.
Manage the metal fuel availability in first exemplary embodiment of metal-air FCB of the present invention system and the appearance of metal oxide
During the discharge mode
In the FCB of first exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 1 system, provide the device of the metal fuel availability that is used for automatically managing metal fuel card discharge subsystem 115.The back will be described the ability of this system in more detail.
Shown in Fig. 2 B17, the expression discharge parameter (as, i Acd, v Acd..., PO 2d, H 2O d, T Acd, v Acr/ i Acr) data-signal automatically be used as the data that input offers in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem 115 and obtain and processing subsystem 295.After sampling and obtaining, these data-signals are processed and be converted into corresponding Data Elements, are written into for example message structure shown in Fig. 2 A15 301 then.Each message structure 301 comprises one group of Data Elements, and these group data are by " mark time ", and relevant with the unique metal fuel card identifier 171 related with the special metal fuel card (171 ', 171 ' ').This unique metal fuel card identifier is determined by the data read shown in Fig. 2 A6 150 (150 ', 150 ' ').Then, each message structure that is labeled the time is recorded in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 293 of metal fuel card discharge subsystem 115, be used in the future recharge and/or discharge operation during be able to maintenance, subsequent treatment and/or visit.
As mentioned above, during discharge mode, data are obtained and are sampled with 295 pairs of various types of information of processing subsystem and compile.This information type for example comprises: the magnitude of current i that discharge on particular cathode-electrolyte structure in the partial discharge head (1) Acd(2) voltage that produces on each this negative electrode-electrolyte structure; (3) oxygen concentration (pO in each sub-chamber in each discharge head 2d); (4) near the water cut value (H each negative electrode-electrolyte interface in each discharge head 2O d); (5) temperature (T in each passage of each discharge head Acd).According to these information that is pooled to, data are obtained duration (the Δ T that can be easy to calculate discharging current on particular cathode-electrolyte structure in the partial discharge head with processing subsystem 295 d).
Obtain the message structure that produces with processing subsystem 295 by data and be stored in real time in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 293, and can during discharge operation, use in every way.For example, above-mentioned electric current (i Acd) and time (Δ T d) information is in a conventional manner respectively with ampere with hour measure.Provide from electric charge (approximate measure value Q) by the product of these measured values of " AH " expression along the metal-air cell group structure " discharge " of metal fuel card.Therefore, during discharge operation, " AH " product that is calculated provides the accurate amount of the metal oxide that expection formed in specified moment on the particular lane of metal fuel card of sign (that is mark).
When utilizing the historical information of relevant burning and reduction processing, discharge of metal fuel card and the metal fuel data base management subsystem 293 and 297 that recharges in subsystem 115 and 117 can calculate respectively or determine from specific zinc fuel card discharge (promptly, produce electrical power) should use how many metal fuels (as, zinc), how many metal oxides perhaps appear when reduction.Therefore, this information utmost point helps to carry out and for example comprises and to determine the management functions such as metal fuel amount that can use along the special metal fuel region.
In this exemplary embodiment, in metal fuel card discharge subsystem 115, utilize following metal fuel availability management method to manage the metal fuel availability.
The method for optimizing of metal fuel availability management during the discharge operation
According to principle of the present invention, data read 150 (150 ', 150 ' ') automatically sign is loaded into each metal fuel card in the discharge assembly, and produces its card identification data of indication, these data be provided for data in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem 115 obtain with processing subsystem in.During the card identification data of the metal fuel card that loads when receiving, data are obtained the message structure (that is, data file) of automatically creating card with processing subsystem, are used for being stored in metal fuel data base management subsystem 293.The function of this message structure is the information of the relevant detected discharge parameter of record current (up-to-date), metal fuel usability status, metal oxide existence etc., shown in Fig. 2 A15.When this special metal fuel card in the metal fuel data base management subsystem being pre-created structure information storage, this message file is from database subsystem 293 visits, to upgrade.Shown in Fig. 2 A15, for the metal fuel card of each sign, at each sampling moment t iEach metal fuel road is kept message structure 285.
In case be that a special metal fuel card has been created (or discovery) message structure, just must determine the initial state or the condition in each metal fuel road on it, and be input in the message structure that keeps in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 293.Usually, the metal fuel card that is loaded in the discharge head assembly will partially or completely be charged, and therefore comprises along the specified quantitative of the metal fuel in its road.In order accurately to manage metal fuel, these metal fuel amounts in the card that must determine to be loaded will represent that then its information stores is being discharged and recharged in the metal fuel data base management subsystem of subsystem 115 and 117.Usually, the initial state of information can obtain by different way, for example comprises: before the discharge operation of finishing different FCB system, this initialization information on the metal fuel card is encoded; During the nearest discharge operation of carrying out by identical FCB system, this initialization information is recorded in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 293 in advance; In metal fuel data base management subsystem 293 (in factory), reality (known) amount of the metal fuel that occurs on each road of record specific types of metals fuel card, and when utilizing data read 150 (150 ', when 150 ' ') reading code on the metal fuel card, automatically this information in the customizing messages structure is carried out initialization; Utilize above-mentioned metal oxide detection components together with negative electrode-electrolyte output configuration subsystem 132, or utilize the initial amount of metal fuel on other each metal fuel roads of technology actual measurement that are suitable for.
Before the fuel card that is loaded is carried out discharge operation, can obtain the metal oxide detection drive circuit known in the art by utilizing negative electrode-electrolyte output configuration subsystem 132 and data in discharge subsystem 115, carry out above-mentioned actual measurement technology with processing subsystem 295 configurations.Utilize this configuration, the metal oxide detection head can automatically obtain the information of " initial " state in each metal fuel road on the metal fuel card of each sign of being loaded in the relevant discharge head assembly.This information will be included in to load and constantly (be expressed as t 0) metal oxide that on each road, occurs and the initial amount of metal fuel.
With with the similar mode of mode of the FCB system description of reference Fig. 1, by applying test voltage automatically for the particular lane of metal fuel, and detect the electric current that flows through metal fuel road part in response to the test voltage that is applied, come that this metal fuel/metal oxide is carried out in each metal fuel road of the card that loaded and measure.Be illustrated in the voltage (v that the particular sample cycle is applied down Applied) and response current (i Response) data-signal obtained with processing subsystem 295 by data and automatically detect, and processed to produce the Data Elements of representing the ratio of the test voltage that applied and response current with suitable numerical scale.V in these Data Elements and the message structure (that is file) that automatically is recorded in the metal fuel card that is linked to the sign that remains in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 293 Applied/ i ResponseProportional.Because these Data Elements (v/i) provide direct measurement to measured metal fuel road resistance, therefore, it can be accurately relevant with the amount of recording of the metal oxide that occurs on the metal fuel road of sign.
Data obtain with processing subsystem 295 quantize then the initial metal oxide amount of surveying (can be at t zero-time 0Obtain), and be assigned therein as MOA 0, be used for being recorded in message structure (shown in Fig. 2 A15).Then, the previous information of the metal fuel maximum that can on each road, obtain during utilization relevant (again) fully charging, data are obtained with processing subsystem 295 and are calculated each fuel channel at the moment " t 0" the accurate measured value of the metal fuel that can on each road, obtain, each fuel channel is appointed as MFA with each measured value 0, and with the initial metal fuel measured value { MFA of these metal fuel cards that are used to identify 0Be recorded in metal fuel card discharge and recharge in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 293 and 297 of subsystem.Although this initialization process process is convenient to carry out, but be understood that, in some applications, may more wish under the prerequisite that metal fuel is sticked into the known processing procedure of row, utilize Theoretical Calculation to be determined by experiment initial metal fuel measured value, this known processing procedure for example is: (1) at the power take-off of FCB system, makes fuel card moment of being loaded be in the electrical short state; (2) automatically detect its response characteristic; (3) with the short circuit current be function, detected each response characteristic in the known initial oxidation state in being stored in a form is correlated with; And every other (again) charge parameter is kept constant (afterwards being called " short-circuit resistance test ").
After finishing initialization procedure, metal fuel card discharge subsystem 115 is prepared to carry out the metal fuel management function along the circuit that describes below.In this exemplary embodiment, this method relates to two basic steps, and these steps are carried out during discharge operation in a looping fashion.
What the first step of this processing procedure related to is, from initial metal fuel amount MFA 0In deduct corresponding to when at time interval t 0-t 1Between the metal oxide estimated value MOE that calculates of the metal oxide amount that produces of the interdischarge interval that carries out 0-1During discharge operation, utilize the following discharge parameter that is pooled to calculate metal oxide estimated value MOE 0-1: discharging current i AcdAnd period (T d
Second step of this processing procedure relates to the measured value (MFA that will calculate 0-MOE 0-1) be added to corresponding to can be at time interval t 0-t 1Between the metal oxide estimated value MOE of the metal oxide amount that produces during any recharging of having carried out 0-1Be noted that during recharging, utilize recharge current i AcdWith its period (T dCalculate metal oxide measured value MOE 0-1Be noted that just previous to recharge operating period (if carrying out such operation), will calculate metal oxide estimated value MOE in advance 0-1, and it is recorded in the metal fuel card recharges in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 293 in the subsystem 115.Therefore, in this exemplary embodiment, must recharge operating period at electric current and from the database subsystem 297 that recharges subsystem 117, read the information element that this writes down in advance.
Result of calculation (that is MFA, of aforementioned calculation operation 0-MOE 0-1+ MFE 0-1) be logged in then in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 293 of metal fuel card discharge subsystem 115, as new current metal fuel amount (MFA 1), this metal fuel amount will be used to ensuing metal fuel availability and upgrade in the processing procedure.During discharge operation, align each the every t in metal fuel road that is discharged i-t I+1Carry out once above-mentioned renewal processing procedure second.
This information that remains on each metal fuel road can be used in many ways, and for example: the availability of management metal fuel makes it the satisfied electrical power requirements that is connected to the electric loading of FCB system; And, discharge parameter is set during discharge operation in the best way.The back is described in more detail the details to relevant metal fuel administrative skill.
The use of metal fuel availability management during the discharge operation pattern
During discharge operation, at metal fuel estimated value (that is MFT, that on any special metal fuel channel, occurs at moment t2 that determines on i the discharge head, calculate T1-t2) can be used to calculate the availability of metal fuel on (j+1), (j+2) or (j+n) the individual discharge head in j discharge head downstream.Utilize the measured value that calculates like this, system controller 130 in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem 115 can be determined (promptly in real time, expection) along which metal fuel road of metal fuel card comprise have present in an amount at least sufficient to be added to during the discharge operation on the metal fuel card discharge subsystem 115 moment load status metal fuel (as, zinc), and selectively " access " is known the metal fuel road of metal fuel occurs along it.This road handover operation can relate to the system controller 130 that temporarily output of its negative electrode-electrolyte structure is connected to the input of negative electrode-electrolyte output configuration subsystem 132, thereby the road that makes supporting metal fuel content (as, deposit) can easily be used to produce the required electrical power of electric loading 116.
Another advantage of this metal fuel managerial ability is, the system controller 130 in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem 115 just can utilize recharge with discharge operation before during in metal fuel data base management subsystem 293 and 297, compile and the information that the writes down discharge parameter during controlling discharge operation.
The information that during discharge mode, writes down during the operator scheme before the priority of use
The device of control discharge parameter
In the FCB of second exemplary embodiment system, the system controller 130 of metal fuel card discharge subsystem 115 can utilize formerly recharge with discharge operation during information in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 293 and 297 of FCB system that be pooled to and that be recorded in Fig. 1 automatically control discharge parameter.
Shown in Fig. 2 B16, be arranged on the subsystem architecture and the bus of discharging and recharging between reaching in subsystem 115 and 117 system controller 130 in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem 115 is visited and service recorder information in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 297 in the metal fuel card recharges subsystem 117.Similarly, be arranged on discharge and recharge in subsystem 115 and 117 and between subsystem architecture and bus can make the metal fuel card recharge system controller 130 ' visit and service recorder information in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 293 in the metal fuel card discharges subsystem 115 in the subsystem 117.To explain the advantage of the shared ability of this message file and subfile below.
During discharge operation, system controller 130 can be visited and is stored in discharge and recharge subsystem 115 and the interior various types of information of 117 interior metal fuel data base management subsystems.Important information element with in specified moment along current available metal fuel amount (that is MFE, on each metal fuel road t) relevant.Utilize this information, system controller 130 can determine whether have enough metal fuels to satisfy the electrical power requirements of the load 116 that is connected along particular lane.Previous discharge operation result is that the metal fuel along one or more or whole fuel channels of metal fuel card may consume basically, and because is last discharge operation and not recharging as yet.System controller 130 can reckon with this metal fuel state in the discharge head.Metal fuel state according to " upstream " fuel card, system controller 130 responses are as follows: (ⅰ) when detecting high load status in load 116, negative electrode-the electrolyte structure in the road of metal fuel " affluence " is connected to discharge power to be regulated in the subsystem 151, and when on 116, detecting low load condition in discharge, the negative electrode-electrolyte structure in the road of metal fuel " dilution " is connected in this subsystem; (ⅱ) when on the metal fuel road of sign, thin metal fuel occurring, the oxygen rates of increase injection respective cathode supporting structure (promptly, improve air pressure wherein), and when in the metal fuel zone of sign, thick metal fuel occurring, the oxygen rates of minimizing injection respective cathode supporting structure (promptly, reduce air pressure wherein) so that keep from the power of discharge head generation; (ⅲ) when detected its temperature sensing predetermined threshold, the temperature of control discharge head etc.It should be understood that in alternate embodiment of the present invention system controller 130 can be operated by different way in response to the detected state of particular lane on the metal fuel card of sign.
Recharge during the pattern
In the FCB system of second exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 1, provide to be used for automatically managing the device that the metal fuel card recharges the metal oxide that subsystem 117 occurs recharging operating period.Below this system capability will be described in more detail.
Shown in Fig. 2 B16, expression recharges parameter (as, i Acr, v Acr..., pO 2r, { H 2O} r, T r, v Acr/ i Acr) data-signal by automatically as input offer the metal fuel card recharge data in the subsystem 117 obtain with processing subsystem 299 in.After sampling and obtaining, these data-signals are processed and convert corresponding Data Elements to, for example are written into then in the message structure shown in Fig. 2 B15 302.As situation about compiling at discharge parameter, each message structure 302 that recharges parameter comprises one group of Data Elements, and these group Data Elements are labeled the time, and with unique metal fuel card identifier 171 (171 ', 171 ' ') relevant, this identifier is associated with the metal fuel card that is just being recharged.This unique metal fuel card identifier is determined by data read 180 (180 ', 180 ' '), shown in Fig. 2 B6.The message structure of each mark time is recorded in the metal fuel card then and recharges in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 297 of subsystem 117, shown in Fig. 2 B16, be used in the future recharge and/or discharge operation during maintenance, subsequent treatment and/or visit.
As mentioned above, during recharging pattern, data are obtained with processing subsystem 299 samplings and are compiled various types of information.These information types for example comprise: (1) is added to each and recharges the voltage that recharges on interior each negative electrode-electrolyte structure; (2) recharge the magnitude of current (i that provides on the inner cathode-electrolyte structure at each Acr); (3) each recharges the oxygen concentration (pO in interior each sub-chamber 2r) value; (4) each recharges near the water cut value (H of interior each negative electrode-electrolyte structure 2Or); (5) each recharges the interior temperature (T of each passage of head Acr).According to the information that is pooled to, data are obtained and the processing subsystem 299 various parameters of computing system easily, for example comprise electric current (i r) offer specific the period ((t that recharges an interior particular cathode-electrolyte structure r).
Recharging operating period, in the metal fuel card recharges the metal fuel data base management subsystem 297 of subsystem 117, producing in real time and the canned data structure can be used in many ways.
For example, the above-mentioned electric current (i that during recharging pattern, obtains Acr) and period ((T r) information is respectively in a conventional manner with ampere and hour measurement.The product of these measured values (AH) provides electric charge (accurate measured value Q) that is added to along the metal-air cell group structure of metal fuel during recharging.Therefore, recharging operating period, " AH " that is calculated ' product provides the accurate amount of the metal fuel that expection formed on the sign road of specified moment at metal fuel.
When utilizing the historical information of relevant burning and reduction processing, metal fuel card discharge and recharge metal fuel data base management subsystem 293 and 297 in subsystem 115 and 117 and can be used for respectively calculating or determine and to recharge (that is, converting zinc to) how many metal oxides should occurring from zinc oxide along the zinc fuel card.Therefore, this information utmost point helps to carry out and comprises and for example determine to say the metal fuel management function that cash belongs to oxide amount etc. along each metal fuel during recharging.
In this exemplary embodiment, recharge at the metal fuel card and utilize following method to manage metal oxide in the subsystem 117 to occur.
Recharge the method for optimizing of operating period metal oxide appearance management
According to principle of the present invention, data read 180 (180 ', 180 ' ') automatically sign is loaded into each metal fuel that recharges in the assembly 175, and produce its card identification data of indication, these data be provided for the metal fuel card recharge data in the subsystem 117 obtain with processing subsystem 299 in.During the card identification data of the metal fuel card that loads when receiving, data are obtained the message structure (that is, data file) of automatically creating card with processing subsystem 299, are used for being stored in metal fuel data base management subsystem 297.The function of this message structure is relevant detected current (up-to-date) information that parameter, metal fuel usability status, metal oxide go out present condition etc. that recharges of record, shown in Fig. 2 B15.When in the metal fuel data base management subsystem this special metal fuel card being pre-created structure information storage, this message file is from database subsystem 297 visits, to upgrade.Shown in Fig. 2 B15, for the metal fuel card of each sign, at the moment of each sampling t iTo each metal fuel road (MFT j) maintenance message structure 302.
In case be the special metal fuel card message structure of having created (or discovery), must determine that just it goes up the initial state or the condition in each metal fuel road, and be input in the message structure of maintenance in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 297.Usually, being loaded into the metal fuel card that recharges in the assembly 175 will partially or completely be charged, and therefore comprises along the metal oxide of the specified quantitative in its road, is used to be converted to its virgin metal.In order accurately to manage metal fuel, these the initial metal oxide amounts in the card that must determine to be loaded, the information that will represent it then is stored in discharge respectively and recharges in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 293 and 294 of subsystem 115 and 117.Usually, the initial state of information can obtain by different way, for example comprises: before the discharge operation of finishing different FCB system, this initialization information on the metal fuel card is encoded; Nearest recharge operating period what carry out, this initialization information is recorded in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 297 in advance by identical FCB system; In metal fuel data base management subsystem 297 (in factory), the metal oxide amount of expecting usually on each road of record specific types of metals fuel card, and when utilizing data read 180 (180 ', when 180 ' ') reading code on the metal fuel card, automatically this information in the customizing messages structure is carried out initialization; Utilize above-mentioned metal oxide detection components together with negative electrode-electrolyte input configuration subsystem 178, or utilize the initial amount of metal oxide on other each metal fuel roads of technology actual measurement that are suitable for.
Before the fuel card that is loaded is recharged operation, can be by obtaining and the above-mentioned metal oxide detection of processing subsystem 299 configurations (v with the negative electrode-electrolyte input configuration subsystem 178 and the data that recharge in the subsystem 117 Applied/ i Response) drive circuit, carry out above-mentioned " reality " measuring technique.Utilize this configuration, the metal oxide detection head can automatically obtain the information about " initial " state in each metal fuel road on the metal fuel card that recharges each sign of being loaded in the assembly.This information will be included in to load and constantly (be expressed as t 0) metal oxide that on each road, occurs and the initial amount of metal fuel.
With with the similar mode of mode of the FCB system description of reference Fig. 1, by automatically on the particular lane of metal fuel, applying test voltage, and detect the electric current that flows through metal fuel road part in response to the test voltage that is applied, come that this metal fuel/metal oxide is carried out in each metal fuel road of the card that loaded and measure.Be illustrated in the voltage (v that the particular sample cycle is applied down Applied) and response current (i Response) data-signal obtained with processing subsystem 299 by data and automatically detect, and processedly represent the test voltage that applied and the ratio (v of response current to produce with suitable numerical scale Applied/ i Response) Data Elements.These Data Elements automatically are recorded in and are linked in the message structure that remains in the metal fuel data administration subsystem 297.Because these Data Elements (v/i) provide direct measurement to measured metal fuel road resistance, therefore, it with the metal fuel road of sign on " initial " of recording of the metal oxide that occurs measure accurately relevant.
Data obtain with processing subsystem 299 quantize then the initial metal oxide amount of surveying (can be at t zero-time 0Obtain), and be assigned therein as MOA 0, be used for being recorded in the discharge of metal fuel card and recharge subsystem 115 and message structure that 117 metal fuel data base management subsystems in both keep in.Although this initialization process process is convenient to carry out, but be understood that, in some applications, may more wish under the prerequisite that metal fuel is sticked into the known processing procedure of row (for example, above-mentioned short-circuit resistance test), utilize Theoretical Calculation to be determined by experiment initial metal oxide measured value.
After finishing initialization procedure, the metal fuel card recharges subsystem 117 and prepares to carry out the metal fuel management function along the circuit that describes below.In this exemplary embodiment, this method relates to two basic steps, and these steps are carried out in a looping fashion recharging operating period.
What the first step of this processing procedure related to is, from initial metal oxide amount MOA 0In deduct corresponding to when at time interval t 0-t 1Between carry out recharge during the metal fuel estimated value MFE that calculates of the metal fuel amount that produces 0-1Recharge operating period, utilizing the following discharge parameter that is pooled to calculate metal fuel estimated value MFE 0-1: recharge current i AcrAnd period (T R
Second step of this processing procedure relates to the measured value (MOA that will calculate 0-MFE 0-1) be added to corresponding to can be at time interval t 0-t 1Between the metal oxide estimated value MOE of the metal oxide amount that produces of any interdischarge interval of carrying out 0-1Be noted that during discharge operation, utilize the following discharge parameter that is pooled to (recharge current i AcdWith its period (T 0-1) calculate metal oxide estimated value MOE 0-1Be noted that during just previous discharge operation (if from t 0Carry out such operation), will calculate metal oxide estimated value MOE in advance 0-1, and it is recorded in the metal fuel card recharges in the metal fuel data base management subsystem in the subsystem 115.Therefore, in this exemplary embodiment, must from the database subsystem 293 of discharge subsystem 115, read the information element that this writes down in advance in the current operating period that recharges.
Result of calculation (that is MOA, of aforementioned calculation operation 0-MFE 0-1+ MOE 0-1) be logged in then in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 297 that the metal fuel card recharges subsystem 117, as new " current " metal fuel amount (MOA 1), this metal fuel amount will be used to ensuing metal oxide and occur upgrading in the processing procedure.Recharge operating period, aligning each the every t in metal fuel road that is recharged i-t I+1Carry out once above-mentioned renewal processing procedure second.
This information that remains on each metal fuel road can be used in many ways, and for example: management is along the appearance of the metal oxide structures in the road in the metal fuel card; And, be provided with in the best way and recharge parameter recharging operating period.The back is described in more detail the details that administrative skill relevant metal oxide occurred.
Recharge the use that management appears in metal oxide during the operator scheme
Recharging operating period, i recharge determine on the head, (that is, MFT) can be used to calculate (i+1), (i+2) or (i+n) the individual appearance that recharges a last metal oxide that recharges a downstream from i along the amount of calculation of the metal oxide that occurs on any special metal fuel channel.Utilize the measured value that calculates like this, the system controller 130 ' that the metal fuel card recharges in the subsystem 117 can be determined (promptly in real time, expection) comprising the metal oxide that need recharge (as, zinc oxide) and those metal fuel roads along which metal fuel road of metal fuel card comprises enough metal fuel amounts and need not to recharge.These metal fuel roads that recharge for needs, system controller 130 ' can TURP change to and have enough metal oxide contents (as, in the negative electrode-electrolyte structure in these metal fuel roads deposit), be used for converting metal fuel to recharging an assembly 175.
Another advantage of this metal oxide managerial ability is, the metal fuel card recharge system controller 130 ' in the subsystem 117 can utilize just formerly recharge with the discharge operation operation during in metal fuel data base management subsystem 293 and 297, compile and the information that writes down is controlled the parameter that recharges that recharges operating period.
Recharging operating period, the information that is pooled to can be used to calculate the accurate measured value of the metal oxide amount that exists along each metal fuel road in any moment.This information that is stored in metal fuel database subsystem 297 in the structure information storage that keeps can be by the system controller 130 ' visit of metal fuel card discharge subsystem 117, recharges the magnitude of current that provides on 175 the negative electrode-electrolyte structure to control each.Ideal situation is, selects the amplitude of electric current, thereby guarantees and will convert its main virgin metal (as, zinc) to along the metal oxide of the estimator in each this road (as, zinc oxide), and do not destroy the structural intergrity and the porosity of metal fuel film.
The information that during recharging pattern, writes down during the operator scheme before the priority of use
Control recharges the device of parameter
In the FCB of first exemplary embodiment system, the system controller 130 ' that the metal fuel card recharges subsystem 117 can utilize formerly recharge with discharge operation during information in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 293 and 297 of FCB system that be pooled to and that be recorded in Fig. 1 automatically control and recharge parameter.
Recharging operating period, the system controller 130 ' that metal fuel recharges in the subsystem 117 can be visited the various types of information that are stored in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 297.Be stored in one of them important information element with in specified moment at metal oxide amount (that is MOA, along current existence on each metal fuel road t) relevant.Utilize this information, system controller 130 ' can determine to exist the metal oxide deposit on those roads, thereby can utilize negative electrode-electrolyte input configuration subsystem 178 that the input (in recharging head) of respective cathode-electrolyte structure is connected to and recharge power control subsystem 181, recharge operation so that effectively and apace carry out.System controller 130 ' can reckon with operation these metal oxide states before that recharge.According to the metal oxide state that is loaded into " upstream " fuel card in the discharge head assembly, the system controller 130 ' of this exemplary embodiment can respond as follows: (ⅰ) during long recharging, negative electrode-the electrolyte structure in the road of metal oxide " affluence " is connected to recharges in the power conditioning subsystem 181, and, connect the negative electrode-electrolyte structure in the road of metal oxide " dilution " from this subsystem in the relatively short operating period that recharges; (ⅱ) recharging operating period, increase is from taking out oxygen speed corresponding to the cathode supporting structure in the road that is formed with thick metal oxide structures along it, and recharging operating period, reducing from taking out oxygen speed corresponding to the cathode supporting structure in the road that forms thin metal oxide structures along it; (ⅲ) when detected its temperature surpasses predetermined threshold, control recharges the temperature of head etc.It should be understood that in alternate embodiment of the present invention system controller 130 ' can be operated by different way in response to the detected state of particular lane on the fuel card of sign.
Second exemplary embodiment of metal-air FCB of the present invention system
Second exemplary embodiment of metal-air FCB of the present invention system is shown among Fig. 3 to 4B13.Shown in Fig. 3,4A1 and 4A2, this FCB system 185 comprises a plurality of subsystems, that is: metal fuel card discharge (that is, power produces) subsystem 186 is used for producing electrical power from the metal fuel card 187 that recharges during the discharge operation pattern; The metal fuel card recharges subsystem 191, is used for recharging with electrochemical means during recharging operator scheme the each several part of the metal fuel card 187 of (that is reduction) oxidation; The carrier system 189 that clamps that recharges is used for automatically one or more metal fuel cards 187 between the discharge that recharges storage box 188A and be loaded into the FCB system; The card unloading subsystem 192 of discharge is used for metal fuel card 187 with one or more discharges from being unloaded to the metal fuel card storage box 188B of discharge between the discharge of FCB system; The carrier system 192 that clamps of discharge is used for that automatically the metal fuel card of one or more discharges is loaded into the metal fuel card from the metal fuel card storage box 188B of discharge and recharges between recharging of subsystem 191; With the card that recharges unloading subsystem 193, be used for automatically the metal fuel card that will recharge and be unloaded to the metal fuel card storage box 188A that recharges from recharging between the recharging of subsystem.Below with each and they the crew-served details of describing in relevant these subsystems how.
As shown in Figure 3, by the metal fuel material of this FCB system consumption with the system of Fig. 1 in the slightly different version of the card that uses 112 provide.Shown in Fig. 3 and 4A12, each metal fuel card 178 all has the housing of rectangular shape, comprises the metal fuel parts that a plurality of electricity isolates (as, square) 195A to 195E.As describing in more detail in the back, when metal fuel card 178 moves to suitable aligned position between its cathode branch board 198 and the anode-supported plate structure 199 during discharge mode, these parts are used for contacting with the cathode assembly 196A to 196D of metal fuel card discharge subsystem 186 " multizoneization " discharge head 197, shown in Fig. 4 A4, and when during this fuel card is recharging pattern, moving to the suitable aligned position between its cathode branch board 198 ' and the anode-supported plate 199 ', these parts also are used for recharging subsystem 191 with the metal fuel card and recharge a cathode assembly 196A ' of 197 ' and contact to 196D ', shown in Fig. 4 B4.
In this exemplary embodiment, fuel card of the present invention is " multizoneization ", so as can from " multizone " discharge head 197 produce simultaneously a plurality of supply power voltages (as, 1.2 volts).Describe as the reference other embodiments of the invention, the output voltage that this makes it possible to produce and provide from this system wide region is suitable for being connected to the demand of the certain electric load of this FCB system.
The general introduction of the FCB system operation modes of the present invention's second exemplary embodiment
The FCB system of this second exemplary embodiment has several operator schemes, that is: what recharge clamps the pattern of carrying, during this pattern, one or more metal fuel cards are by automatically from the metal fuel card storage box 188A that recharges is loaded between the discharge of metal fuel card discharge subsystem 186; Discharge clamp the pattern of carrying, during this pattern, one or more metal fuel cards automatically are loaded into the metal fuel card recharges between recharging of subsystem 191 from the metal fuel card storage box of discharge; Discharge mode during this pattern, produces electrical power with the metal fuel card 187 of electrochemical oxidation mode from be loaded into metal fuel card discharge subsystem 186, and is provided for the electric loading that is connected to this subsystem output; Recharge pattern, during this pattern, be loaded onto the metal fuel card that the metal fuel card recharges in the subsystem 191 and recharged in the electrochemical reduction mode; The card unloading mode of discharge, during this pattern, one or more metal fuel cards automatically are unloaded between the discharge of this system the metal fuel card storage box 188B of its discharge; With the card unloading mode that recharges, during this pattern, one or more metal fuel cards that recharge are automatically recharged from the metal fuel card to be unloaded between recharging of subsystem 191 the metal fuel card storage box 188A that recharges.The back will be described these patterns in more detail.
The multizone metal fuel card that uses in the FCB system of second exemplary embodiment
In the FCB of Fig. 3 system, each metal fuel card 187 has a plurality of fuel channels (as, 5 zones), and the U.S. Patent application No.08/944 of pending trial simultaneously as described above is described in 507.When utilizing this metal fuel card to design, may wish each discharge head 197 in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem 186 is designed to the discharge head of " multizoneization ".Similarly, according to principle of the present invention, its metal fuel card recharges in the subsystem 191 each and recharges the 197 ' head that recharges that should be designed to multizoneization.U.S. Patent application No.08/944 as the while pending trial, described in detail in 507, the use of the metal fuel card 187 of " multizoneization " and the discharge head 197 of multizoneization can produce simultaneously a plurality of output voltages that can select by the end user (V1, V2 ... Vn).These output voltages can be used to drive the various electric loadings 200 of the power output end 201 that is connected to metal fuel card discharge subsystem.This can realize by optionally being configured in each output voltage that produces on each the anode-cathode structure in discharge head during the card discharge operation.The function of this system is more detailed description in the back.
In general, multizone can utilize several different technology to make with single regional metal fuel card 187 grades.Best, the metal fuel parts that comprise in each card device 187 utilize zinc to make, and this is because this metal is cheap, environmental sound and be easy to work.The back uses description to make several different technologies of zinc fuel part of this embodiment of the present invention.
For example, according to first manufacturing technology, be about 0.1 to be applied to the surface of low density plastics's material (stretching or cutting) to about 0.5 micron thin metal layer (as nickel or brass) with cassette version with thickness.Plastic material should be selected like this, that is, it is stable when the electrolyte of existence such as KOH.The function of this thin metal layer is to guarantee to compile enough electric currents at anode surface.After this, zinc powder is mixed with binding material, then as coating (as, thickness is 1 to about 500 microns) be added on the thin-material layers surface.This zinc layer should have about 50% uniform porosity, so that ion in the ionic conduction medium (as, electrolyte ion) is flow through with minimum resistance between negative electrode and anode construction.As after be described in more detail, resulting metal fuel structure can be installed in the electric cage of thin structure, to improve the structural intergrity of metal fuel card 187, simultaneously, when will clamp be downloaded to its card storage compartments in the time, provide discharge head person the road to anode construction.In addition, also can put slidably panel to being covered with of metal fuel card, when this card was sent to the position of carrying out discharge operation by storage compartments acceptance and discharge head, this panel may contacting metal fuel bar.
According to second manufacturing technology, be about 0.1 to be added to the surface of low density plastics's material (stretching or cutting) to about 0.5 micron thin metal layer (as nickel or brass) with the cassette form with thickness.Plastic material should be selected like this, that is, it is stable when the electrolyte of existence such as KOH.The function of thin metal layer is to guarantee to compile enough electric currents at anode surface.After this, zinc is electroplated onto the surface of thin metal layer.This zinc layer should have about 50% uniform porosity, so that the ion in the ionic conduction medium (as electrolyte) is flow through with minimum resistance between negative electrode and anode construction.As after be described in more detail, resulting structure can be installed in the electric cage of thin structure so that the card of the metal fuel with appropriate configuration integrality is provided, simultaneously, when will clamp be downloaded to its card storage compartments in the time, provide the discharge head passage to anode construction.In addition, also can put slidably panel to being covered with of metal fuel card, when 113 acceptance and discharge head were sent to the position of carrying out discharge operation between this card is by discharge, this panel can contacting metal fuel bar.
According to the 3rd manufacturing technology, zinc powder is mixed with low density plastics's base material, and be drawn into conductive plastic plate.This low density plastics's material should be selected like this, that is, it is stable when the electrolyte of existence such as KOH.Each conductive plate should have about 50% uniform porosity, so that the ion in the ionic conduction medium (as, electrolyte) is flow through with minimum resistance between negative electrode and anode construction.After this, be about 1 to be added on the surface of conductive plate to about 10 microns thin metal layer (as nickel or brass) thickness.The function of this thin metal layer is to guarantee to compile enough electric currents at anode surface.As after be described in more detail, resulting metal fuel structure can be installed in the electric cage of thin structure, so that the card of the metal fuel with suitable structural intergrity to be provided, simultaneously, when will clamp be downloaded to its card storage compartments in the time, provide the discharge head passage to anode construction.This card cover can be made by being designed to heat-resisting and erosion-resisting any suitable material.Best, case material is non-conductive, is that the user provides the additional protection measure during discharging and to recharge at card.
In addition, each in the above-mentioned manufacturing metal fuel component technology can easily be improved, and to produce " two-sided " metal fuel card, wherein in the both sides of the substrate (that is substrate) of the flexibility of its utilization single track or multiple tracks metal fuel layer is set all.These embodiment of metal fuel card help all to be provided with in the both sides of the metal fuel card that is loaded into the FCB system applicable cases of discharge head.When making the double-sided metal fuel card, in most of embodiment, must all form (thin metal material) current collection layer in the both sides of plastic, thus can be from the both sides collected current of the metal fuel card that is associated with different cathode constructions.When making two-sided multiple tracks fuel card, may wish maybe must be laminated together with two metal fuel sheets, as mentioned above, contacts on the substrate body of each sheet.Having read one of ordinary skilled in the art disclosed by the invention will readily appreciate that and utilize said method to produce the double-sided metal fuel card.In these exemplary embodiments of the present invention,, isolate electrically contacting of current collection layer thereby set up with each electricity that in the metal fuel card structure of its utilization, forms with the anode contact structures that change in each discharge head.
The card load/unload subsystem of second exemplary embodiment of metal-air FCB of the present invention
Be schematically shown as Fig. 4 A1, recharge the function that clamps carrier system 189 and be automatically between the discharge that bottom with the folded metal fuel card 187 that recharge of a plurality of metal fuel cards that recharge from the metal fuel card storage box 188A that recharges is sent to metal fuel card discharge subsystem 182.Shown in Fig. 4 A2, the function of the card of discharge unloading subsystem 190 is automatically the metal fuel card 187 ' of a plurality of oxidations to be sent to the top that one the metal fuel card storage box 188B of discharge stacks the metal fuel card of electricity between the discharge of the discharge subsystem 186 of metal fuel card.Shown in Fig. 4 B1, the function that clamps carrier system 192 of discharge is automatically the bottom of the group of the metal fuel card 181 of the metal fuel card of a plurality of oxidations discharge from the metal fuel card storage box 191 of discharge to be sent to the metal fuel card to recharge between recharging of subsystem 191.Shown in Fig. 4 B2, the function of the card unloading subsystem 193 that recharges is automatically a plurality of metal fuel cards 197 that recharge to be recharged the top that is sent to a folded metal fuel card that recharges the metal fuel card storage box 188A that recharges between recharging of subsystem 191 from the metal fuel card.
Shown in Fig. 4 A1, the carrier system 189 that clamps that recharges can realize with any dynamo-electric actuation mechanism, this mechanism for example comprises: motor, roller, guide plate and other parts, their configuration mode is sent between the discharge of metal fuel card discharge subsystem for the bottom of the folded metal fuel card that the metal fuel card that recharges sequentially can be recharged in, wherein dispose the negative electrode and the anode construction of discharge head 197 from the metal fuel card storage box 188A that recharges.But this electromechanics card connecting gear is connected to system controller 203 with mode of operation.
Shown in Fig. 4 A2, the carrier system 190 that clamps of discharge can realize with any dynamo-electric actuation mechanism, this mechanism for example comprises: motor, roller, guide plate and other parts, their configuration mode wherein disposes the negative electrode and the anode construction of discharge head 197 for the metal fuel card of discharge sequentially can be sent to the top of a folded metal fuel card that discharges the metal fuel card storage box 188B of discharge between the discharge of metal fuel card discharge subsystem.This electromechanics card connecting gear is connected to system controller 203.
Shown in Fig. 4 B1, the carrier system 190 that clamps of discharge can realize with any dynamo-electric actuation mechanism, this mechanism for example comprises: motor, roller, guide plate and other parts, their configuration mode wherein disposes the negative electrode and the anode construction of discharge head for the bottom of the folded metal fuel card that the metal fuel card of discharge sequentially can be discharged is sent to during the metal fuel card recharges between recharging of subsystem from the metal fuel card storage box 188B of discharge.But this electromechanics card connecting gear is connected to system controller 203 with mode of operation.
Shown in Fig. 4 B2, the carrier system 190 that clamps that recharges can realize with any dynamo-electric actuation mechanism, this mechanism for example comprises: motor, roller, guide plate and other parts, their configuration mode wherein disposes the negative electrode and the anode construction of discharge head for the metal fuel card that recharges sequentially being recharged the top that is sent to a folded metal fuel card that recharges the metal fuel card storage box 188A that recharges between recharging of subsystem from the metal fuel card.This electromechanics card connecting gear is connected to system controller 203.
The metal fuel card discharge subsystem of metal-air FCB of the present invention system first exemplary embodiment
Shown in Fig. 4 A3 and 4A4, the metal fuel card discharge subsystem 186 of the present invention's the 3rd exemplary embodiment comprises a plurality of subsystems, that is: the multiple tracks discharge (promptly, discharge) assembly 197, its each include multi-part cathode construction 198 and anode contact mechanism 199 with the conduction output that can connect in the following manner; Discharge head transmit subsystem 204 is used for subassembly with discharge head assembly 197 and is sent to the metal fuel card 197 that is loaded into this system or sends out from it; Negative electrode-electrolyte output configuration subsystem 205, be used under the control of system controller 203, the configuration negative electrode of discharge head and the output of anode contact structures make it to keep by the required output voltage of the certain electric load 116 that is connected to metal fuel card discharge subsystem 186; Negative electrode-electrolyte voltage monitoring subsystem 206A, be connected to negative electrode-electrolyte output configuration subsystem 205, be used for the voltage that monitoring (that is, sampling) produces on the negative electrode of each discharge head and anode construction, and produce (numeral) data of the detected magnitude of voltage of expression; Negative electrode-electrolyte current monitoring subsystem 206B, be connected to negative electrode-electrolyte output configuration subsystem 205, be used for monitoring (as, sampling) electric current that on the negative electrode-electrolyte interface at each discharge head during the discharge mode, flows through, and produce the digital data signal of representing detected current value; Negative electrode oxygen pressure control subsystem comprises system controller 203, solid-state PO 2Multi-lumen tube 211 shown in vacuum chamber (structure) 207, vacuum pump 208, automatically controlled air flow controller 209, manifold structure 210 and Fig. 2 B3 and the 2B4 shown in transducer 250, Fig. 2 B7 and the 2B8, as shown in the figure, they are set at the pO2 value in the cathode construction that is used for detecting and control each discharge head 197 together; Ion transmits control subsystem, comprise system controller 203, solid-state moisture sensor (densimeter) 212, humidifier components (as, little sprinkler part) 213, water pump 215, cistern 216, automatically controlled water flow control valve 217, multi-cavity structure 28 and extend into moisture content conduit 219 in the structure 213 is provided, they fitted together as shown in figure in order to detect and change state in the FCB system (as, water cut value on discharge head negative electrode-electrolyte interface or relative humidity), thereby during the discharge operation pattern, negative electrode-electrolyte circle ion concentration is at the interface remained in optimum range, wherein humidifier components 213 is implemented as little spray thrower of inserting in the wall construction of cathode branch board 198 (having the apopore 214 that is provided with along each wall surface, shown in Fig. 2 B6); Discharge head temperature control subsystem, comprise system controller 203, insert solid state temperature transducer in each passage in its many cathode supporting structures 198 (as, thermistor) 305 and discharge head cooling device 306, in response to the control signal that produces by system controller 203, in order to during discharge operation, the temperature of each discharge channel is reduced in the optimum temperature range; Related type metal fuel data base management subsystem (MFDMS) 308, but it utilizes local system bus 309 to be connected to system controller 203 with mode of operation, is designed to receive the information of the particular type that extracts the output of each subsystem in metal fuel belt discharge subsystem 186; Data obtain and processing subsystem (DCPS) 400, comprise data read 260 (260 ', 260 ' ') with based on the data processor of microprocessor of programming, wherein, this read head insert or closely be installed in the cathode supporting structure of each discharge head 197, this processor is used for receiving from negative electrode-electrolyte voltage monitoring subsystem 206A, negative electrode-electrolyte current monitoring subsystem 206B, the data-signal that negative electrode oxygen pressure control subsystem and its ion concentration control subsystem produce, and can (ⅰ) from the metal fuel card that is loaded, read metal fuel card identification data, (ⅱ) utilize local system bus 401, detected discharge parameter of record and the metal oxide designation data of being extracted that calculates in metal fuel data base management subsystem 308, (ⅲ) utilize local system bus 309, read the metal fuel designation data that recharges parameter and write down in advance that is stored in the record in advance in the metal fuel database (MFDMS) 308; Discharge (promptly, output) power conditioning subsystem 223, it is connected the output of negative electrode-electrolyte output configuration subsystem 205 and is connected between the input of electric loading 200 of metal fuel card discharge subsystem 186, is used to regulate the power output of delivering on the electric loading (and regulating required voltage and/or current characteristics of discharge power control method of being carried out by system controller 203); I/O control subsystem 224, be connected with system controller 203, shown in Fig. 4 B14, borrow rib sampling total system bus 402 and the system controller 203 ' that the metal fuel card recharges in the subsystem 117 to get in touch, and the device with all functions of utilizing long-range or synthesis system control FCB system, wherein comprise the FCB system; With system controller 203, be used for during the system operation of various patterns, managing the operation of above-mentioned subsystem.Will be described in greater detail below executive subsystem.
Multizone discharge head assembly in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem
The function of multizone discharge slubbing assembly 197 is that electrical power is being provided on electric loading when one or more metal fuel cards 187 discharge during the discharge operation pattern.In this exemplary embodiment, each discharge (that is, discharge) 197 comprises: cathode assembly support plate 134, the groove 224A to 224D that it has a plurality of isolation makes oxygen (O 2) perforation 225 by forming in its bottom freely; A plurality of conductive cathode parts (as, bar) 196A to 196D is used for inserting respectively the bottom of these grooves 224A to 224D; The electrolytical 226A to 226D of a plurality of injections is used to be placed on cathode strip 196A to 196D, and supports in groove 225A to 225D respectively, shown in Fig. 4 A12; Inject chamber 207 with the oxygen shown in Fig. 4 A7, be installed in going up on (back of the body) surface of cathode assembly support plate 198 with the sealing means shown in Fig. 4 A12.
Shown in Fig. 4 A3 and 4A4, each oxygen injects chamber 207 and has a plurality of sub-chamber 207A to 207D, they respectively with groove 224A to 224D body on related.The sub-chamber of each vacuum all isolates with every other sub-chamber, and carries out fluid communication in a passage of supporting cathode assembly and electrolyte injection part.As shown in the figure, each sub-chamber be configured to vacuum pump 208 through a chamber of multi-lumen tube 211, passage of manifold component 210 and a passage of air flow switch 209 carry out fluid communication, each in these operations all is subjected to the control of system controller 203.By selectively in manifold component 210 corresponding gas channel pump air pressurized, this configuration makes system controller 203 can individually each oxygen be injected the pO of sub-chamber 207A to 207D 2Value is controlled in the optimum range.
Shown in Fig. 4 A8A, each injects an electrolytical 226A to 226D and realizes by inject gel build electrolyte to the electrolyte absorption carrier strip.Best, this electrolyte absorption mounting medium is implemented as the low-density of being made by the PET plastics, the bar of aperture foamed material.The prescription that the gelinite electrolyte utilization of each discharge battery unit is made up of alkaline solution, gelatin materials, water and binding agent as known in the art is made.
Shown in Fig. 4 A8A, each cathode strip 196A to 196D utilizes the nickel wire stratum reticulare 228 that scribbles porous carbon materials, graininess platinum or other contact agent 229 to make, and is suitable for the cathode assembly that uses in metal-air FCB system with formation.The details that is used in the cathode structure in the air-metal FCB system is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,894, and 296 and No.4,129,633, these patent citations are in this, for reference.In order to form the electric current collection path, open the bottom silk screen layer 228 that electric conductor (nickel) 230 is welded to each cathode strip, show as Fig. 4 A12, be attached to the hole 231 of each electric conductor 230 by on the groove bottom of cathode branch board 198, forming of its cathode strip, and be connected to an electric conductor (as, line), this electric conductor stretches out from its corresponding sub-chamber, in conventional conductor 235A termination.At assembly process, cathode strip is pressed into groove bottom, and is fixed.
Shown in Fig. 4 A6, the bottom surface of each among each groove 224A to 224D has a plurality of perforation 225 that are formed on wherein, makes air and oxygen freely by cathode strip 196A to 196D (by atmospheric temperature and pressure).In this exemplary embodiment, inject an electrolytical 226A to 226D and be placed on respectively on the cathode strip 196A to 196D, and adopt binding agent, clamp structure etc. to be fixed on the top of cathode supporting groove.Shown in Fig. 4 A12, when in the respective grooves that cathode strip and thin electrolyte bar is installed in the cathode branch board 198 them, each injects the concordant placement of upper surface of electrolytical outer surface with the plate of each groove of qualification.
Scribbling hydrophobic material on the inner surface of cathode supporting groove 224A to 224D (as polytetrafluoroethylene, discharges with the water that guarantee to inject an electrolytical 226A to 226D, thereby and oxygen is sent on the cathode strip best.Hydrophobic mediator is added on the material with carbon element of the cathode assembly that constitutes oxygen flow gas, with by its discharge water.Best, the cathode branch board utilizes electrically non-conductive material, polyvinyl chloride as known in the art (PVC) plastic material to make.The cathode branch board can utilize the casting process manufacturing of also knowing in the art.
Among Fig. 4 A7, expression oxygen injects the platy structure that chamber 207 is implemented as the size with the size that is similar to cathode branch board 198.Shown in Fig. 4 A7, when oxygen injects on the top surface that chamber 207 is installed in cathode branch board 198, this oxygen injects the chamber and has four (4) individual groove 207A to 207D, and they are positioned among the cathode can 224A to 224D corresponding to union space on the space respectively, shown in Fig. 4 A12.4 little conduits are formed in the plate 207 of fluting, that is, and and between inlet 207E1 and outlet 207A1; Between inlet 207E2 and outlet 207B1; Between inlet 207E3 and outlet 207C1; And between inlet 207E4 and outlet 207D1.When the plate 207 of fluting is installed on the cathode branch board 198, between the cathode branch board 198 of groove 207A to 207D and perforation, form sub-chamber 207A to 207D.Each chamber of multi-lumen tube 211 is connected among 4 inlet 207E1 to 207E4, and thereby disposes and pO in discharge subsystem 186 24 controlled O in the control subsystem 2Circulation road carries out the sub-chamber 207A to 207D of fluid communication.
The structure that is loaded into the FCB system multiple tracks fuel card 287 of Fig. 3 is shown among Fig. 4 A9 and the 4A10.As shown in the figure, this metal fuel card comprises: the non-conductive anode-supported plate 228 of rigid structure, the centre bore 230 that it has a plurality of a plurality of groove 231A to 231D that wherein form and forms through the bottom surface of each groove; And a plurality of bonding jumpers (as, zinc fuel) 195A to 195D, its each all be arranged in the groove in the anode-supported plate 228.The interval and the width that are noted that each metal fuel bar are designed like this, that is, utilization will be used the respective cathode bar space orientation in the system discharge head of fuel card.By in anode-supported plate, forming the zink rod of groove shape, then the metal fuel bar is inserted in each groove, can make above-mentioned metal fuel card.When its corresponding groove in insertion negative electrode-electrolyte support plate 228, each metal fuel bar and every other metal fuel bar electricity are isolated.
In Fig. 4 A11, show illustrative metal fuel (anode) contact structures (assembly) 199, use in conjunction with multiple tracks fuel card 187 with cathode branch board 228 as shown in Fig. 4 A6.Shown in Fig. 4 A11, by a plurality of conductive component 232A to 232D of metal fuel contact support platform 233 supporting conducting rod forms.The hole 230 that forms in groove 229A to the 229D bottom surface in the position of these conducting rods and the anode-supported plate 228 is spatially corresponding.As shown in the figure, electric conductor 234A to 234D is electrically connected with conducting rod 232A to 232D respectively, along the surface of anode-supported plate (as, in the groove of fluting) grappling, and terminate among traditional connector 235B of the conductor end that is similar on the electric connector 235A.This connector is electrically connected with negative electrode-electrolyte output configuration subsystem 205, shown in Fig. 4 A3 and 4A4.The width of anode contact support plate 223 and width and the length dimension that length is similar to cathode branch board 198 and anode (metal fuel) support plate 228 substantially.
What Fig. 4 A12 represented is anode contact support plate 199, cathode branch board 198, oxygen injection chamber plate 207 and the spatial relationship of anode (metal fuel) support plate (that is fuel card) 228 when loading fuel card 187 between them.In this load configurations, set up the ion contact by the injection of the electrolyte between being arranged on pad 226A to 226D along each the cathode assembly 196A to 196D and the preceding exposure of respective metal fuel bar (that is zone) 195A to 195D of cathode branch board.In addition, in the configuration of this loading, each anode contact component (as, conducting rod) 232A to 232D reaches medium pore 230 in the bottom panel that is formed on each groove the anode contact support plate 199 from anode contact support plate 233, and the electrically contacting of foundation and respective metal fuel bar 195A to 195D, finished a circuit through single air metal fuel battery of the present invention.
Discharge head transmit subsystem in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem
The major function of discharge head transmit subsystem 204 is that discharge head assembly 197 is sent to around the metal fuel card 187 that is loaded in the FCB system, shown in Fig. 4 A3.When correctly transmitting, the negative electrode of discharge head and anode contact structures contacted with " conduction " with the metal fuel road (promptly the zone forms) " ionic conduction " of the metal fuel card that is loaded in system in discharge mode operating period.
Discharge head transmit subsystem 204 can utilize any realization in the multiple dynamo-electric actuation mechanism, metal fuel card 112 can leave with the cathode supporting structure and the transmission of anode contact structures of each discharge head 197 in this mechanism, shown in Fig. 4 A3, and be sent to around the metal fuel card 187, shown in Fig. 4 A4.As shown in the figure, but these connecting gears are connected to system controller 203 with mode of operation, and are controlled by system controller 203 according to the system control program of being carried out by system controller.
K-A output configuration subsystem in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem
Shown in Fig. 4 A3 and 4A4, K-A output configuration subsystem 205 is connected discharge power and regulates between the right output of the input of subsystem 233 and the negative electrode-electrolyte in the discharge head assembly 197.But system controller 203 is connected to negative electrode-electrolyte output configuration subsystem 205 with mode of operation, so that be provided for carrying out the control signal of its function during the discharge operation pattern.
The function of negative electrode-electrolyte output configuration subsystem 205 is automatically to dispose the right output of selected negative electrode-electrolyte in the discharge head 197 of (in series or in parallel) metal fuel card discharge subsystem 186, thereby during the card discharge operation, on the electric loading 200 that is connected to the FCB system, produce required output voltage values.In this exemplary embodiment of the present, negative electrode-electrolyte output configuration subsystem 205 can be embodied as the one or more electrically programmable power-switching circuits that utilize the transistor control technology, wherein, negative electrode in the discharge head 197 and anode contact component are connected to the input that power output is regulated subsystem 223.Under the control of system controller 203, carry out these conversion operations, thereby on the electric loading of the discharge power adjusting subsystem 151 that is connected to the FCB system, produce required output voltage.
Cathode to anode voltage monitoring subsystem in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem
Shown in Fig. 4 A3 and 4A4, negative electrode-electrolyte voltage monitoring subsystem 206A is connected to negative electrode-electrolyte output configuration subsystem 205, is used to detect magnitude of voltage wherein etc.This system also is used to be connected to system controller, is used to receive the required control signal of its function of execution.In first exemplary embodiment, negative electrode-electrolyte voltage monitoring subsystem 206A has two major functions: during discharge mode, automatically detect with each discharge head in the negative electrode-electrolyte structure of each metal fuel zone association on the instantaneous voltage value that produces; With, produce (numeral) data-signal of the detected voltage of indication, be used for obtaining with processing subsystem 400 and detect, analyze and respond by data.
In first exemplary embodiment of the present invention, negative electrode-electrolyte voltage monitoring subsystem 206A can utilize testing circuit to realize, this circuit is used for detecting the magnitude of voltage that produces on the negative electrode-electrolyte structure that is associated in each the metal fuel zone with each discharge head 197 that is arranged on metal fuel card discharge subsystem 186.In response to detected magnitude of voltage, this circuit can be designed to produce the digital data signal of the detected magnitude of voltage of indication, is used for being obtained with processing subsystem 400 by data detecting and analyzing.
K-A current monitoring subsystem in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem
Shown in Fig. 4 A3 and 4A4, but negative electrode-electrolyte current monitoring subsystem 206B is connected to negative electrode-electrolyte output configuration subsystem 205 with mode of operation.Negative electrode-electrolyte current monitoring subsystem 206B has two major functions: during discharge mode, automatically detect the right current amplitude of negative electrode-electrolyte that flows through each the metal fuel zone in each discharge head 197 in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem 186; Produce the digital data signal of the detected electric current of indication, be used for obtaining with processing subsystem 400 and detect and analyze by data.In the present invention's first exemplary embodiment, negative electrode-electrolyte current monitoring subsystem 206B can utilize current detection circuit to realize, this circuit is used to detect the right electric current of negative electrode-electrolyte that flows through each metal fuel zone in each discharge head 197, produces the digital data signal of the detected electric current of indication.As after explain that in more detail these detected current values are used for carrying out its discharge power control method by system controller 203, and create " discharge condition history " and the metal fuel availability record in each zone of the metal fuel card of discharge.
The negative electrode oxygen pressure control subsystem of metal fuel card discharge subsystem
The function of negative electrode oxygen pressure control subsystem is to detect the oxygen pressure (pO of each passage of the cathode construction of each discharge head 197 2), and, in response to this, by the air (O in the chamber of regulating these cathode constructions 2) pressure controls (that is, increase or reduction) this pressure.According to the present invention, the partial pressure of oxygen (pO in each passage of the cathode construction of each discharge head 2) remain on the optimum value, so that in discharge head, realizing optimum oxygen consumption during the discharge mode.By keeping the pO in the cathode construction 2Value can increase the power output that produces from discharge head in order to controlled manner.In addition, by monitoring PO 2Variation and produce its digital data signal of expression, detect and analyze to obtain by data with processing subsystem 400, controlled variable is provided for this system controller 203, be used for during discharge mode, regulating the electrical power that offers electric loading 200.
Ion concentration control subsystem in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem
In order during discharge mode, to realize high energy efficiency, must on the negative electrode-electrolyte interface of each discharge head 197 in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem 186, keep the optium concentration of (electrically charged) ion.Therefore, the major function of this ion concentration control subsystem is the state that detects and regulate in the FCB system, thus during the discharge operation pattern with discharge head in the ion concentration at negative electrode-electrolyte interface place remain in the optimum range.
In this exemplary embodiment, can realize ion concentration control in many ways, promptly, in the groove that small solid humidity (or moisture content) transducer 212 is inserted in cathode supporting structure (or as close as possible anode-cathode interface), so that detect the moisture content situation, and produce its digital data signal of expression.This digital data signal is provided for data and obtains and processing subsystem 400, detects and analyzes.Drop to the predetermined threshold that is provided with in the memory (ROM) in system controller 203 when following in water cut value, system controller automatically produces a control signal, offer humidifier components 213, humidifier components 213 can be implemented as little spray thrower structure 143 of inserting in the wall of cathode supporting structure 198.In this exemplary embodiment, these walls of cathode supporting structure 198 work to send water conduit, and when system controller 203 started water flow valve 217 and pump 215, these conduits were emitted the globule from the hole 214 adjacent with the particular cathode parts.In this state, water pumps from cistern 216 through manifold 218 along multi-lumen tube 219, and emits from the hole 214 adjacent with the cathode assembly of needs increase water cut value, and this value can be detected by moisture sensor 212.The KOH concentration that these water cut value detect and control operation has guaranteed to inject electrolytical 226A to 226E electrolyte remains can carry out best that ion transmits and so produce power.
Discharge head temperature control subsystem in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem
Shown in Fig. 4 A3,4A4 and 4A7, the discharge head temperature control subsystem that is arranged in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem 186 of the present invention's first exemplary embodiment comprises a plurality of subassemblies, that is: system controller 203; The solid state temperature transducer (as, thermistor) 305, insert in each passage of its many cathode supporting structures 198, shown in Fig. 4 A6; With discharge head cooling device 306, it is in response to the control signal that is produced by system controller 203, is used for during discharge operation the temperature of each discharge channel is reduced in the optimum temperature range.Discharge head cooling device 306 can utilize multiple hot swapping to realize, comprises known air-cooled, water-cooled and/or refrigerant cools in the heat exchange field.In some embodiments of the invention, when producing the electrical power of high numerical value, may wish provides the cannula-like structure around each discharge head, so as for temperature controlled purpose circulating air, water and cold-producing medium.
Data in the metal fuel belt discharge subsystem are obtained and processing subsystem
In the exemplary embodiment of Fig. 3, data shown in Fig. 4 A3 and the 4A4 obtain and processing subsystem (DCPS) 400 is carried out multiple function, for example comprise: (1) is just before each metal fuel clamps the partial discharge that is downloaded in the discharge head assembly 197, identify each metal fuel card, and produce its metal fuel card identification data of expression; (2) during the metal fuel card of sign is loaded onto period in its discharge head assembly, various " discharge parameters " in the existing metal fuel card discharge of sensing (that is, the detecting) subsystem 186; (3) calculate one or more parameters, estimate or measure the value of the amount of the metal oxide that during the card discharge operation, produces, and produce " the metal oxide designation data " of parameter, estimated value and/or measured value that expression calculated; (4) the metal oxide designation data that in metal fuel data base management subsystem 400 (can by system controller 203 and 203 ' visit), writes down detected discharge parameter data and calculate, the two all with the discharge operation pattern during identify corresponding the metal fuel zone/card is relevant.Be more clearly visible as the back, obtaining the information that remains on this record in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 308 with processing subsystem 400 by data can be used in every way by system controller 203, these modes for example comprise: during the discharge operation pattern, optimally the metal fuel of partially or completely oxidation is sticked into row discharge (that is, producing electrical power from it) with effective and efficient manner; With during recharging operator scheme, optimally the metal fuel of partially or completely oxidation is sticked into row in mode fast and recharge.
During discharge operation, data obtain with processing subsystem 400 automatically to expression with constitute the above-mentioned metal fuel card data-signal of the various subsystems of subsystem 186 related " discharge parameter " sample (or obtaining) that discharges.During discharge mode, in the data-signal by these subsystems generations, the numerical value of these samplings is encoded as information.According to principle of the present invention, card type " discharge parameter " should include but not limited to: at the discharge voltage that produces on by the negative electrode of for example negative electrode-special metal fuel channel that electrolyte voltage monitoring subsystem 206A monitors and anode construction; At the electric current that produces on by the negative electrode of for example negative electrode-special metal fuel channel that electrolyte current monitoring subsystem 206B monitors and anode construction; Oxygen saturation value (pO in the cathode construction of each discharge head 197 2d), monitor by negative electrode oxygen pressure control subsystem (203,270,207,208,209,210,211); In by the partial discharge head of for example ion concentration control subsystem (203,212,213,214,215,216,217,218,219) monitoring along on the negative electrode-electrolyte interface of special metal fuel channel or near moisture content (H 2O d) value (or relative humidity); Temperature (the T of discharge head during the card discharge operation r); Period ((T with any discharge parameter state of above-mentioned sign d).
Usually, data are obtained can the mode of registration card type " discharge parameter " have multiple during recharging operator scheme with processing subsystem 400.The back will be described these diverse ways.
First method according to the data record shown in Fig. 4 B9, card authentication code or mark (as, compact bar code symbol with area identification information coding) 240 during blocking is made with graphics mode be printed on " optics;; on the data track 241, and can read by near the optical data reader 260 of inserting in each discharge head or it.Optical data reader 260 utilize optical scanner/decoding technique of knowing in this area (as, laser scanning bar code symbol reader or optical decoder device) realize.In this exemplary embodiment, the information of representing these unique card authentication codes offer data obtain with processing subsystem 400 in data-signal in encode, then during discharge operation, be recorded in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 308.
Second method according to the data record shown in Fig. 4 B9, numeral " card sign " code 240 ' magnetic recording during blocking is made and can utilize and insert in each discharge head or read during discharge operation near the Magnetic reading head 270 ' of its supporting on magnetic data road 241 '.Each Magnetic reading head 260 ' can utilize the magnetic information of knowing in this area to read technology (as, magnetic stripe fetch equipment) and realize.In this exemplary embodiment, the numerical data of representing these unique card authentication codes offer data obtain with processing subsystem 400 in data-signal in encode, then during discharge operation, be recorded in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 308.
Third party's method according to the data record shown in Fig. 4 B9, a series of printing opacities aperture of formation in unique numeral " card sign " code 240 ' ' during blocking is made, be recorded as light tight data track 241 ' ', and can be by optical sensing head 260 ' ' during discharge operation, read, this optical sensing head utilizes the optical sensing technology of knowing in this area to realize.In this exemplary embodiment, the numerical data of representing these unique area identification codes offer data obtain with processing subsystem 400 in data-signal in encode, then during discharge operation, be recorded in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 308.
According to the 4th alternative method that is used for data record, " card sign " code of unique numeral in each road on the metal fuel card of sign and one group of discharge parameter all are recorded in the data track in the magnetic, light or the aperture that are embodied as the bar that is attached to metal fuel card of the present invention surface.The block of information of relevant special metal fuel card is recorded in during recharging operator scheme in the data track, and is adjacent on this data track and the relevant metal fuel district body of easily visiting this recorded information.Usually, this block of information will comprise metal fuel card identification number and one group of discharge parameter, schematically show as Fig. 4 A13, and when metal fuel clamps when being downloaded in the discharge head assembly 197, they are obtained with processing subsystem 400 by data and automatically detect.
Compare with above-mentioned the third method, above-mentioned first and second data record methods have several advantages.Specifically, when utilizing first and second methods, has extremely low information capacity along the data track of metal fuel card setting.This is because the information that need write down with unique identifier (that is, address number or card identification number) each metal fuel card of mark is few, this is blocked detected discharge parameter be recorded in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 308.In addition, should be not expensive according to the data track information of first and second methods, and be provided for reading equipment along the card identification information of this data track record.
The discharge power of metal fuel card discharge subsystem is regulated subsystem
Shown in Fig. 4 A3 and 4A4, but the input port that discharge power is regulated subsystem 223 is connected to the output port of negative electrode-electrolyte input configuration subsystem 205 with mode of operation, but and discharge power is regulated the output port of subsystem 223 is connected to electric loading 200 with mode of operation input.During being to be adjusted in its discharge operation pattern, the major function of discharge power adjusting subsystem 223 offers (promptly, produce by the metal fuel card that is loaded into the discharge in its discharge head) during the electrical power of electric loading 200, discharge power is regulated subsystem 223 and is had a program operation mode, wherein, be added in the output voltage on the electric loading and the electric current that flows through on negative electrode-electrolyte interface is regulated during discharge operation.These controlled function are managed by system controller 203, and can select in many ways able to programmely, so that principle according to the present invention realizes the optimum adjustment of electric loading 200 when multiple tracks and the discharge of single track metal fuel card.
Discharge power is regulated subsystem 223 can utilize known solid state power, the realization of voltage and current control circuit in power, voltage and current control field.This circuit can comprise the electrically programmable power-switching circuit that utilizes the transistor controls technology, wherein, one or more controllable current sources can be connected in series negative electrode and anode construction, so that in response to the electric current of crossing it by the control signal control flows of system controller 203 generations of carrying out the partial discharge Poewr control method.These electrically programmable power-switching circuits also can comprise the transistor controls technology, wherein, one or more controllable voltage sources can be parallel to negative electrode and anode construction, so that in response to the voltage of being controlled by the control signal of system controller generation on it.This circuit can and be controlled by it by system controller 203 combinations, so that constant power (and/or voltage and/or electric current) control is provided on electric loading 200.
In these exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the major function that discharge power is regulated subsystem 223 is to utilize one of following discharge power control method to come that electric loading 200 is carried out realtime power to regulate, that is: (1) constant output voltage/variable output current method, wherein, in response to load condition, make the output voltage on the electric loading keep constant, and its electric current is changed; (2) constant output electric current/variable output voltage method wherein, in response to load condition, makes the output current on the electric loading keep constant, and makes its change in voltage; (3) constant output voltage/constant output current methods is wherein to making the voltage in the load all keep constant with the electric current that flows in the load in load condition; (4) constant output method, wherein, in response to load condition, it is constant that the power output on the electric loading keeps; (5) pulsation power output method wherein, makes power output on the electric loading with the duty ratio pulsation of each output pulses of keeping according to predetermined condition; (6) constant output voltage/pulsation output current method, wherein, the output current that flows in the electric loading keeps constant, and the electric current of inflow load is pulsed with particular duty cycle; (7) pulsation output voltage/constant output current methods wherein, flow into the power output pulsation of load, and the electric current of inflow load keeps constant.
In the preferred embodiments of the present invention, seven (7) plant in the discharge power control methods each all is programmed among the ROM relevant with system controller 203.These power regulating methods can multitude of different ways be selected, these modes for example comprise, manually switch on the start-up system housing or button, automatically detect on the interface between electric loading and the metal fuel card discharge subsystem 186 and set up or detected body, electricity, magnetic or optical states.
I/O control subsystem in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem
In some applications, may wish maybe must make up two or more FCB systems or their metal fuel card discharge subsystem 186, so that synthesis system not only provides its function by these subsystems of isolated operation.Consider these application, its metal fuel card discharge subsystem 186 comprises I/O control subsystem 224, it (for example makes its external system, microcomputer or microcontroller) go beyond one's commission and control the function of metal fuel card discharge subsystem 186, carry out these controlled function as its system controller.In this exemplary embodiment, I/O control subsystem 224 is implemented as the IEEE I/O bus architecture of standard, for outside or remote computer system provide directly with the metal fuel card discharge subsystem 186 system controller 203 interfaces and the method and apparatus of management system and subsystem operations each side directly.
System controller in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem
As mentioned above, system controller 203 is carried out various operations, so that carry out the various operations of the FCB system in its discharge mode.In the preferred embodiment of the FCB of Fig. 3 system, system controller 203 utilizes known microcontroller realization with programming of program and data storage (as ROM, EPROM, RAM etc.) and system bus structure in the Controlled by Microcomputer field.In any specific embodiment of the present invention, it should be understood that two or more microcontroller capable of being combined, respectively organize function so that carry out by what its FCB system carried out.All these embodiment all are embodiment that considered of system of the present invention.
The discharge metal fuel card that uses in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem
Fig. 4 A51 and 4A52 represent to describe the high level flow chart of the basic step (that is, producing electrical power by it) of the discharge metal fuel card that utilizes the discharge of metal fuel card shown in Fig. 4 A3 to 4A4 subsystem.
Shown in the piece A of Fig. 4 A51, card load/unload subsystem 189 is sent to 4 metal fuel cards 187 between the card discharge of metal fuel card discharge subsystem 186, shown in Fig. 4 A1 from the metal fuel card storage box 188A bottom that recharges.
Shown in piece B, during discharge head transmit subsystem 204 is configured to the metal fuel card between the discharge of metal fuel card discharge subsystem 186 discharge head around, thereby the ionic conduction medium is arranged on each cathode construction and the metal fuel card that loaded between, shown in Fig. 4 A2.
Shown in piece C, discharge head transmit subsystem 204 disposes each discharge head then, contact thereby its cathode construction forms ion with the metal fuel card that is loaded, and its anode contact structures and its formation electrically contacts.
Shown in the piece D among Fig. 4 A51, negative electrode-electrolyte input configuration subsystem 205 automatically is configured in the output of each discharge head 197 that disposes around the metal fuel card that is loaded, then, system controller 203 control metal fuel card discharge subsystems 186, thereby produce electrical power with required output voltage and current value, and electrical power is offered electric loading 200.
Shown in piece E among Fig. 4 A52, when one or more metal fuel cards discharged, then the card of discharge unloading subsystem 190 was sent to each metal fuel card top of discharging among the metal fuel card storage box 188B of discharge with the metal fuel card of discharge.After this, shown in piece F, the described operation of repeatable block A to E is downloaded between discharge to discharge so that the other metal fuel that recharges clamped.
The metal fuel card of metal-air FCB of the present invention system second exemplary embodiment recharges subsystem
Shown in Fig. 4 B3 and 4B4, the metal fuel card of second exemplary embodiment recharges subsystem 191 and comprises a plurality of subsystems, that is: the reduction of multiple tracks metal oxide (promptly, recharge) assembly 197 ', they respectively have multi-part cathode construction 198 ' and the anode contact structures 199 ' that its conduction input can connect in the following manner; Recharge a transmit subsystem 204 ', be used for transmitting the subassembly that recharges an assembly 197 '; Input power subsystem 243, the AC power signal that is used for providing from the outside converts the DC power supply signal to, and this signal has and is suitable for sticking into the capable voltage that recharges along the metal fuel that recharges the fuel channel that loads in the head that recharges subsystem 191 at the metal fuel card; Negative electrode-electrolyte input configuration subsystem 244, be used under the control of system controller 203 ', the output (port) of input power subsystem 243 is connected to recharges a negative electrode of 197 ' and the input (port) of anode contact structures, thereby provide input voltage to it, be used for during recharging operator scheme, electrochemically converting metal oxide structures to its virgin metal; Negative electrode-electrolyte voltage monitoring subsystem 206A ', be connected to negative electrode-electrolyte input configuration subsystem 244, be used for monitoring (that is, sampling) and recharge the voltage that applies on the negative electrode in each road in the head and the anode construction, and produce (numeral) data of the detected magnitude of voltage of expression at each; Negative electrode-electrolyte current monitoring subsystem 206B ', be connected to negative electrode-electrolyte input configuration subsystem 244, be used for the negative electrode in monitoring (sampling) each road in each recharges head and the electric current that anode construction flows through, and produce (numeral) data-signal of the detected current value of expression; Negative electrode oxygen pressure control subsystem comprises system controller 203 ', solid-state pO 2Multi-lumen tube 211 ' shown in vacuum chamber (structure) 207 ', vacuum pump 208 ', automatically controlled air flow controller 209 ', manifold structure 210 ' and Fig. 4 B3 and the 4B4 shown in transducer 250 ', Fig. 4 B7 and the 4B8, they are set together as shown in figure, are used for detecting and control each and recharge pO in each passage of cathode supporting structure of 197 ' 2Value; The ion concentration control subsystem, comprise system controller 203 ', solid-state moisture sensor (densimeter) 212 ', humidifier components (as, little sprinkler part) 213 ', water pump 215 ', cistern 216 ', automatically controlled water flow control valve 217 ', manifold structure 218 ' and extend into moisture content multi-cavity catheter 219 ' in the structure 213 ' is provided, they be used for detecting by fitting together as shown in figure and change state in the FCB system (as, in the moisture content and the humidity that recharge on a 197 ' negative electrode-electrolyte interface), thereby remain in the optimum range recharging pattern operating period ion concentration its negative electrode-electrolyte interface place, to realize that its best ion transmits, wherein humidifier components 213 ' is implemented as little spray thrower of inserting in the wall construction of cathode branch board 198 ' (having the apopore 214 ' that is provided with along each wall surface, shown in Fig. 4 B6); Recharge a temperature control subsystem, comprise system controller 203 ', insert solid state temperature transducer in each passage of its many cathode supporting structures 198 ' (as, thermistor) 305 ' and recharge a cooling device 306 ', in response to the control signal that produces by system controller 203 ', recharging operating period, each temperature that recharges passage is being reduced in the optimum temperature range; Related type metal fuel data base management subsystem (MFDMS) 404, but it utilizes local system bus 405 to be connected to system controller 203 ' with mode of operation, is designed to receive the information of the particular type that extracts the output of each subsystem in the metal fuel band recharges subsystem 191; Data obtain and processing subsystem (DCPS) 406, comprise data read 270 (270 ', 270 ' ') with based on the data processor of microprocessor of programming, wherein, this read head insert or closely be installed in each and recharge a cathode supporting structure of 197 ', this data processor is used for receiving from negative electrode-electrolyte voltage monitoring subsystem 206A ', negative electrode-electrolyte current monitoring subsystem 206B ', negative electrode oxygen pressure control subsystem, recharge the data-signal that a temperature control subsystem and ion concentration control subsystem produce, and can (ⅰ) from the metal fuel card that is loaded, read metal fuel card identification data, (ⅱ) utilize local system bus 407, the detected metal fuel designation data that calculates that recharges parameter and extracted of record in metal fuel data base management subsystem 404, (ⅲ) utilize local system bus 405, read discharge parameter that is stored in the record in advance in the metal fuel database 404 and the metal oxide designation data that writes down in advance; I/O control subsystem 224 ' is connected with system controller 203 ', by all functions long-range or synthesis system control FCB system, wherein comprises the FCB system; With system controller 203 ', be used for the operation of the above-mentioned subsystem of management during various system operation modes.Will be described in greater detail below these subsystems.
The multizone that the metal fuel card recharges subsystem recharges an assembly
The function that multizone recharges slubbing assembly 197 ' is the metal oxide structures that is loaded into the zone of the metal fuel card that recharges in the assembly during recharging operator scheme with electrochemical means reduction edge.In this exemplary embodiment, each recharges 197 ' and comprising: cathode assembly support plate 198 ', its groove 231A ' of a plurality of isolation of bottom panel with tape punching makes its oxygen (O to 231D ' 2) freely pass through; A plurality of conductive cathode parts (as, bar) 196A ' is used for inserting respectively the bottom of these grooves 231A ' to 231D ' to 196D '; Electrolytical 226A ' of a plurality of injections is used for being placed on respectively cathode strip 196A ' to 196D ', and is bearing in these grooves, shown in Fig. 4 B6 to 226D '; With take out oxygen chamber 207 ', be installed in going up on (back of the body) surface, shown in Fig. 4 B12 of cathode assembly support plate 198 ' with sealing means.
Shown in Fig. 4 B3 and 4B4, to take out oxygen chamber 207 ' and have a plurality of sub-chamber 207A ' to 207D ', they are related to the 231D ' body with groove 231A ' respectively.The sub-chamber 207A ' of each vacuum all isolates with every other sub-chamber to 207D ', and carries out fluid communication with a passage of supporting cathode assembly and electrolyte injection part.As shown in the figure, each sub-chamber be configured to vacuum pump 208 ' through a chamber of multi-lumen tube 211 ', passage of manifold component 210 ' and a passage of air flow switch 209 ' carry out fluid communication, each in these operations all is subjected to the control of system controller 203 '.Deflate from sub-chamber by the corresponding gas channel in manifold component 210 selectively, this configuration makes system controller 203 ' can control each oxygen individually and extracts the pO of sub-chamber 207A ' to the 207D ' out 2Value.
As shown in Figure 4, injecting electrolytical 226A ' realizes by injecting gel build electrolyte for the absorbed electrolyte mounting medium to 226D '.Best, this electrolyte absorption mounting medium is implemented as the low-density of being made by the PET plastics, the bar of aperture foamed material.The prescription that the gelinite electrolyte utilization of discharge battery unit is made up of alkaline solution, gelatin materials, water and binding agent as known in the art is made.
Shown in Fig. 4 A8A, each cathode strip 196 ' A to 196 ' D utilizes the nickel wire stratum reticulare 228 ' that scribbles porous carbon materials, graininess platinum or other contact agent 229 ' to make, and is suitable for the cathode assembly that uses in the head that recharges in metal-air FCB system with formation.The details of the cathode structure that uses among the air metal FCB is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,894, and 296 and No.4,129,633, these patent citations are in this, for reference.In order to form the electric current collection path, electric conductor (nickel) 230 ' is welded to the bottom silk screen layer 228 ' of each cathode strip.Shown in Fig. 4 B6, each electric conductor 230 that is attached on its cathode strip is passed in the hole 231 ' that forms on the groove bottom of cathode branch board, and is connected to negative electrode-electrolyte input configuration subsystem 244 ', shown in Fig. 4 B3 and 4B4.At assembly process, this cathode strip is pressed in the bottom of groove, to be fixed.
Shown in Fig. 4 B6, each groove 224A ' is formed with a plurality of perforation 225 ' to the bottom surface of 224D ', make air and oxygen freely from it by arriving cathode strip 196A ' respectively to 196D ' (with atmospheric temperature and pressure).In this exemplary embodiment, inject electrolytical 226A ' and be placed on cathode strip 196A ' respectively to 196D ' to 226D ', and utilize binding agent, clamp structure to be fixed on cathode supporting groove top.Shown in Fig. 4 B12, when in the respective grooves that cathode strip and thin electrolyte bar is installed in the cathode branch board 198 ' them, each injects electrolytical outer surface and the concordant placement of the upper surface of cathode branch board 198 '.
Cathode supporting groove 224A ' scribbles hydrophobic material (for example polytetrafluoroethylene) 245 to the inner surface of 224D ' ", discharge to the water of 226D ' to guarantee to inject electrolytical 226A ', and therefore oxygen is sent on the cathode strip best.Hydrophobic mediator is added to the material with carbon element of the cathode assembly that constitutes oxygen flow gas, with by its discharge water.Best, the cathode branch board utilizes electrically non-conductive material, polyvinyl chloride as known in the art (PVC) plastic material to make.The cathode branch board can utilize the casting process manufacturing of also knowing in the art.
Among Fig. 4 B7, expression oxygen injects the platy structure that chamber 207 ' is implemented as the size with the size that is similar to cathode branch board 198 '.As shown in the figure, when oxygen injects on chamber 207 ' is installed in cathode branch board 198 ' shown in Fig. 4 B12 the top surface, this oxygen injects the chamber and has four (4) individual groove 207A ' to 207D ', corresponds respectively to union space on their spaces and is positioned at cathode can 224A ' to 224D '.4 little conduits are formed in the plate 207 ' of fluting, that is, and and between inlet 207E1 ' and outlet 207A1 '; Between inlet 207E2 ' and outlet 207B1 '; Between inlet 207E3 ' and outlet 207C1 '; And between inlet 207E4 ' and outlet 207D1 '.When the plate 207 ' of fluting is installed on the cathode branch board 198 ', form sub-chamber 207A ' to 207D ' between the back portion of the cathode branch board 198 ' of 207D ' and perforation at groove 207A '.Each chamber of multi-lumen tube 211 ' is connected to 4 inlet 207E1 ' to the 207E4 ', and thereby in recharging subsystem 191 the sub-chamber 207A ' of configuration to 207D ' and pO 24 controlled O in the control subsystem 2Circulation road carries out fluid communication.
The structure of the multiple tracks fuel card 187 of the assembling of partial oxidation is shown among Fig. 4 B9.Although not output when during discharge operation, in response to load status, forms the burning article pattern along each anode fuel bar 195A ' to 195D '.
In Fig. 4 B11, a kind of illustrative metal fuel (anode) contact structures 199 ' are disclosed, use in conjunction with the multiple tracks fuel card 187 that has cathode supporting structure 228 ' shown in Fig. 4 B6.As shown in the figure, a plurality of conductive component 232A ' of conducting rod form to 232D ' by with metal fuel support platform 233 ' supporting.Consistent on the position of these conducting rods and the 230 ' space, hole that forms to the 229D ' bottom surface at anode-supported plate 228 ' inside groove 229A '.As shown in the figure, electric conductor 234A ' is electrically connected to 232D ' with conducting rod 232A ' respectively to 234D ', along the surface of anode-supported plate (as, in the groove of fluting) grappling, and terminate among the traditional connector 235B that is similar to electric connector 235A ' upper conductor end.This connector is electrically connected with negative electrode-electrolyte input configuration subsystem 244, shown in Fig. 4 B3 and 4B4.The width of anode contact support plate 223 and width and the length dimension that length is similar to cathode branch board 198 ' and anode (metal fuel) support plate 228 ' substantially.
What Fig. 4 D represented is anode contact support plate 233 ', cathode branch board 198 ', oxygen injection chamber plate 207 ' and the spatial relationship of anode (metal fuel) support plate (that is fuel card) 228 when loading fuel card between them.In this load configurations, inject pad 226A ' to the preceding exposure of 195D ' by the electrolyte between being arranged on respective metal fuel bar (that is zone) 195A ' along each cathode assembly 196A ' of cathode branch board to 196D ' and set up the ion contact to 226D '.In addition, in the configuration of this loading, each anode contact component (as, conducting rod) 232A '-232D ' reaches medium pore 230 ' in the bottom panel that is formed on each groove the anode contact support plate 199 ' from anode contact support plate 233 ', and set up and the electrically contacting of the respective metal fuel bar of wherein installation, finished a circuit through single air metal fuel battery of the present invention.
The metal fuel card recharges the transmit subsystem that recharges in the subsystem
The major function that recharges a transmit subsystem 204 ' be with recharge an assembly 197 ' be sent to be loaded into this subsystem recharge between in the metal fuel card around, shown in Fig. 4 B3 and 4B4.When correctly transmitting, negative electrode and the anode contact structures that recharge head contact with " conduction " with the metal fuel zone formation " ionic conduction " of the metal fuel card that is loaded recharging pattern operating period.
Recharge a transmit subsystem 204 ' and can utilize any realization in the multiple dynamo-electric actuation mechanism, this mechanism can recharge each 197 ' cathode supporting structure and anode contact structures and transmit and leave metal fuel card 187, shown in Fig. 4 B3, and be sent to around the metal fuel card, shown in Fig. 4 B4.As shown in the figure, but these connecting gears are connected to system controller 203 ' with mode of operation, and according to controlling by system controller 203 ' by the system control program of its execution.
The metal fuel card recharges the input power subsystem in the subsystem
In this exemplary embodiment, the input power subsystem 243 major function be through the insulation power line come acceptance criteria interchange (AC) power supply (as, with 120 or 220 volts) as input, and the regulation voltage that recharges a 197 ' place and need that during recharging operator scheme this power supply is recharged subsystem 191 with the metal fuel card converts direct current (DC) power supply of adjusting to.For zinc anode and carbon cathode, in order to keep electrochemical reduction, during recharging on each anode-cathode structure required " open circuit " voltage V AcrBe about 2.2-2.3 volt.This subsystem can utilize that known power transfer and regulating circuit realize in many ways in this area.
The metal fuel card recharges the K-A input configuration subsystem in the subsystem
Shown in Fig. 4 B3 and 4B4, negative electrode-electrolyte input configuration subsystem 244 is connected between the right input of the input that recharges power conditioning subsystem 245 and the negative electrode-electrolyte related with a multiple tracks that recharges 197 '.But system controller 203 ' is connected to negative electrode-electrolyte input configuration subsystem 244 with mode of operation, so that be provided for carrying out the control signal of its function during recharging operator scheme.
The function of negative electrode-electrolyte input configuration subsystem 244 is automatically to dispose the right input of selected negative electrode-electrolyte in the head that recharges that (in series or in parallel) metal fuel card recharges subsystem 191, thereby applies required input (recharging) voltage level on the negative electrode-electrolyte structure in the metal fuel road that needs recharge.In this exemplary embodiment of the present, negative electrode-electrolyte input configuration subsystem 244 can be embodied as the one or more electrically programmable power-switching circuits that utilize the transistor control technology, wherein, a negative electrode and an anode contact component that recharges in 197 ' is connected to the output that input power is regulated subsystem 245.Under the control of system controller 203 ', carry out these handover operations, thereby on the negative electrode-electrolyte structure in the metal fuel road that needs recharge, apply by recharging the required output voltage that power conditioning subsystem 245 produces.
The metal fuel card recharges the cathode to anode voltage monitoring subsystem in the subsystem
Shown in Fig. 4 B3 and 4B4, negative electrode-electrolyte voltage monitoring subsystem 206A ' but be connected to negative electrode-electrolyte input configuration subsystem 244 with mode of operation, be used to detect the negative electrode that is connected to it and the voltage level on the anode construction.But this subsystem also is used for being connected to system controller 203 ' with mode of operation, is used to receive the required control signal of its function of execution.In first exemplary embodiment, negative electrode-electrolyte voltage monitoring subsystem 206A ' has two major functions: during recharging pattern, automatically detect and be applied to the instantaneous voltage value that is loaded on each negative electrode-electrolyte structure that recharges the metal fuel zone association in the head; With, produce (numeral) data-signal of the detected voltage of indication, be used for obtaining with processing subsystem 406 and detect and analyze by the data that the metal fuel card recharges subsystem 191.
In first exemplary embodiment of the present invention, negative electrode-electrolyte voltage monitoring subsystem 206A ' can utilize testing circuit to realize, this circuit is used for detecting and is applied to each recharges the magnitude of voltage on negative electrode-electrolyte structure that each metal fuel zone of head is associated in the metal fuel card recharges subsystem 191.In response to detected magnitude of voltage, this circuit can be designed to produce the digital data signal of the detected magnitude of voltage of indication, is used for being obtained with processing subsystem 406 by data detecting and analyzing.As will be described in more detail, this data-signal can be used for carrying out it by system controller 203 ' and recharge power regulating method during recharging operator scheme.
The metal fuel card recharges the K-A current monitoring subsystem in the subsystem
Shown in Fig. 4 B3 and 4B4, negative electrode-electrolyte current monitoring subsystem 206B ' but be connected to negative electrode-electrolyte input configuration subsystem 244 with mode of operation.Negative electrode-electrolyte current monitoring subsystem 206B ' has two major functions: during recharging pattern, automatically detect each that recharge in the subsystem 191 along the metal fuel card and recharge the right current amplitude of negative electrode-electrolyte that an assembly flows through each metal fuel road; Produce the digital data signal of the detected electric current of indication, be used for obtaining with processing subsystem 406 and detect and analyze by the data that the metal fuel card recharges subsystem 191.
In the present invention's second exemplary embodiment, negative electrode-electrolyte current monitoring subsystem 206B ' can utilize current detection circuit to realize, this circuit is used for detecting and recharges an assembly along each and flow through each metal fuel road (promptly, bar) electric current that negative electrode-electrolyte is right produces the digital data signal of indicating detected current value.As after explain that in more detail these detected current values are used for carrying out it by system controller and recharge power regulating method, and create each zone of the metal fuel card that recharges or " recharging state history " information in subarea.
The metal fuel card recharges the negative electrode oxygen pressure control subsystem of subsystem
The function of negative electrode oxygen pressure control subsystem is to detect the oxygen pressure (pO of each subchannel recharge a cathode construction of 175 2), and, in response to this, by regulating the air (O in each subchannel that recharges these cathode constructions in 197 2) pressure controls (that is, increase or reduction) this pressure.According to the present invention, each recharges the partial pressure of oxygen (pO in each subchannel of cathode construction of head 2) remain on the optimum value, take out oxygen so that during recharging pattern, from recharge head, realize the best.During recharging pattern, by the PO in each passage that reduces cathode construction 2Value (by extract out) can offer the input power that recharges head and recovers fully along the metal oxide of metal fuel card by using best.In addition, by monitoring PO 2Variation produce its digital data signal of expression, detect and analyze to obtain by data, and by system controller 203 ' final response with processing subsystem 406.Therefore, system controller 203 ' is provided with controlled variable, is used for regulating during recharging pattern the electrical power of the fuel channel that offers discharge.
The metal fuel card recharges the ion concentration control subsystem in the subsystem
In exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 3, realize that by shown in Fig. 4 B6, insert small solid humidity (or moisture content) transducer 212 ' at (or as close as possible anode-cathode interface) in the cathode branch board 121 ' each recharges the ion concentration control in 197 ', so that detect wherein moisture content or moisture condition, and produce its digital data signal of indication.This digital data signal is provided for data and obtains and processing subsystem 406, detects and analyzes.When the predetermined threshold that is provided with in water cut value or relative humidity drop to memory (ROM) in system controller is following, the system controller 203 ' of the information in the monitoring metal fuel data base management subsystem 404 automatically produces a control signal, offer humidifier components 213 ', this humidifier components can be implemented as little spray thrower structure of inserting in the wall of cathode supporting structure 198 '.In this exemplary embodiment, these wall devices have the function of water delivery conduit, and it emits the globule from the hole 214 ' of miniature sizes, and its mode is similar with the mode of carrying out in the cathode supporting structure 198 in discharge head 197.Therefore, the function of water pump 215 ', cistern 216 ', water flow control valve 217 ', manifold component 218 ' and multi-lumen tube 219 ' is similar with water pump 215, cistern 216, water flow control valve 217, manifold component 218 and multi-lumen tube 219 respectively.
This operation will increase the water cut value or the relative humidity of (or reduction) cathode supporting structure channel interior, thereby recharge operating period transmit to guarantee to remain on best electrolytical of the injection of wherein supporting to ion the KOH concentration of electrolyte, and therefore reducing metal oxide at card.
The data that the metal fuel band recharges in the subsystem are obtained and processing subsystem
In the exemplary embodiment of Fig. 3, data shown in Fig. 4 B3 and the 4B4 obtain and processing subsystem (DCPS) 406 is carried out multiple function, for example comprise: (1) recharges before specific in the assembly 197 ' recharge head just clamping to be downloaded at each metal fuel, identify each metal fuel card, and produce its metal fuel card identification data of expression; (2) during the metal fuel card of sign was loaded onto it and recharges period in the assembly, the existing metal fuel card of sensing (that is, detecting) recharged various " the recharging parameter " in the subsystem 191; (3) calculate one or more parameters, estimate or measure the amount that recharges the metal fuel that operating period produces at card, and produce " the metal fuel designation data " of parameter, estimated value and/or measured value that expression calculated; (4) in metal fuel data base management subsystem 404 (can by system controller 203 ' visit), write down the detected metal fuel designation data that recharges supplemental characteristic and calculate, the two all with recharge operator scheme during identify its corresponding metal fuel road/card is relevant.Be more clearly visible as the back, obtaining the information that remains on this record in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 404 with processing subsystem 406 by data can be used in every way by system controller 203 ', these modes for example comprise: during recharging operator scheme, optimally the metal fuel of partially or completely oxidation is sticked into capable recharging with immediate mode.
Recharging operating period, data are obtained the data-signal that automatically expression and the above-mentioned metal fuel card of formation is recharged the various subsystems of subsystem 191 related " recharging parameter " with processing subsystem 406 sample (or obtaining).During recharging pattern, in the data-signal by these subsystems generations, the data of these samplings are encoded as information.According to principle of the present invention, the card type " recharges parameter " and should include but not limited to: at the voltage that produces on by the negative electrode of for example negative electrode-special metal fuel region that electrolyte voltage monitoring subsystem 206A ' monitors and anode construction; Flow through the edge by for example negative electrode-negative electrode of the special metal fuel channel that electrolyte current monitoring subsystem 206B ' monitors and the electric current of anode construction; Each recharges the oxygen saturation value (pO in 197 ' the cathode construction 2), it is monitored by negative electrode oxygen pressure control subsystem (203 ', 250 ', 208 ', 209 ', 210 ', 211 '); Recharge by the monitoring of ion concentration control subsystem (203 ', 212 ', 214 ', 215 ', 216 ', 217 ', 218 ', 219 ') for example specific in the head along on the negative electrode-electrolyte interface of special metal fuel channel or near moisture content (H 2O) value (or relative humidity); Card recharges operating period and recharges a temperature (T of 197 ' r); The period ((T that recharges parameter state with above-mentioned sign r).
Usually, data obtain can the registration card type " recharges parameter " during recharging operator scheme with processing subsystem mode have multiple.The back will be described these diverse ways.
First method according to the data record shown in Fig. 4 B9, with graphics mode be printed on card authentication code on " optics " data track 241 or mark (as, compact bar code symbol with area identification information coding) 240, can by utilize optical technology (as, laser scanning bar code symbol reader or optical decoder device) optical data reader 270 realized reads.In this exemplary embodiment, the information of representing these unique card authentication codes offer data obtain with processing subsystem 406 in data-signal in encode, then be recorded in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 404 recharging operating period.
According to second method of the data record shown in Fig. 4 B9, numeral " card sign " code 240 ' of magnetic recording on magnetic data road 241 ' can be read by the magnetic reader 270 ' that utilizes the magnetic information of knowing in this area to read the technology realization.In this exemplary embodiment, the numerical data of representing these unique card authentication codes offer data obtain with processing subsystem 406 in data-signal in encode, then be recorded in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 404 recharging operating period.
Third party's method according to the data record shown in Fig. 4 B9, be recorded as light tight data track 241 ' numeral " card sign " code of ' in a series of printing opacities aperture 240 ' ' can be by the optical sensing head 270 ' that utilizes the optical sensing technology known in this area to realize ' read.In this exemplary embodiment, the numerical data of representing these unique area identification codes offer data obtain with processing subsystem 406 in data-signal in encode, then be recorded in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 404 recharging operating period.
According to the 4th the other method that is used for data record, unique numeral in each road on the metal fuel card of sign " card sign " code and recharging in the data track that parameter group all is recorded in the magnetic, light or the aperture that are embodied as the bar that is attached to metal fuel card of the present invention surface.The block of information of relevant special metal fuel card can be recorded in during recharging operator scheme in the data track, and is adjacent on this data track and the relevant metal fuel district body of easily visiting this recorded information.Usually, this block of information will comprise that metal fuel card identification number and one group recharge parameter, schematically show as Fig. 4 B13, be downloaded to when recharging in the assembly 197 ' when metal fuel clamps, and they are obtained with processing subsystem 406 by data and automatically detect.
Compare with above-mentioned the third method, above-mentioned first and second data record methods have several advantages.Specifically, when utilizing first and second methods, has extremely low information capacity along the data track of metal fuel card setting.This be because, few with the information of unique identifier (address number or card identification number) the required record of each metal fuel card of mark, to this, detectedly recharge reference record in metal fuel data base management subsystem 404.In addition, should be extremely cheap according to the data track information of first and second methods, and be provided for reading equipment along the card identification information of this data track record.
The metal fuel card recharges the I/O control subsystem in the subsystem
In some applications, may wish maybe two or more FCB systems to be made up or their metal fuel card recharges subsystem 191, so that synthesis system not only provides its function by these subsystems of isolated operation.Consider these application, its metal fuel card recharges subsystem 191 and comprises I/O control subsystem 224 ', it (for example makes its external system, microcomputer or microcontroller) the control metal fuel card discharge subsystem of going beyond one's commission each side, carry out these controlled function as its system controller 203 '.In this exemplary embodiment, I/O control subsystem 224 ' is implemented as the IEEE I/O bus architecture of standard, for outside or remote computer system provide directly and the metal fuel card recharge subsystem 191 system controller 203 ' interfaces and the method and apparatus of management system and subsystem operations each side directly.
The metal fuel card recharges the power conditioning subsystem that recharges of subsystem
Shown in Fig. 4 B3 and 4B4, but the input port that recharges power conditioning subsystem 245 is connected to the input port of negative electrode-electrolyte input configuration subsystem 244 with mode of operation, but and the input port that recharges power conditioning subsystem 245 is connected to the output port of input power supply 243 with mode of operation.Recharge when offering the electrical power of metal fuel card during the operator scheme though recharge the major function of power conditioning subsystem 245 and be to be adjusted in, recharge power conditioning subsystem 245 also scalable recharging voltage on negative electrode-electrolyte structure that operating period is provided to the metal fuel road and the electric current that flows through its negative electrode-electrolyte interface.These controlled function are managed by system controller 203 ', and can select in many ways able to programmely, so that realize best the best of multiple tracks of the present invention and single track metal fuel card are recharged.
Recharging power conditioning subsystem 245 can utilize solid state power known in power, voltage and current control field, voltage and current control circuit to realize.This circuit can comprise the electrically programmable power-switching circuit that utilizes the transistor controls technology, wherein, one or more controllable current sources can be connected in series negative electrode and anode construction, so that in response to the electric current of crossing by the specific control signal control flows that recharges the system controller generation of Poewr control method of execution.These electrically programmable power-switching circuits also can comprise the transistor controls technology, wherein, one or more controllable voltage sources can be parallel to negative electrode and anode construction, so that in response to the voltage of being controlled by the control signal of system controller generation on it.This circuit can be made up and controlled by it by system controller 203 ', so that provide constant power (and/or voltage and/or electric current) control in the catholyte structure of metal fuel card 187.
In these exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the major function that recharges power conditioning subsystem 245 is to utilize following one of the Poewr control method that recharges to come the cathode/anode structure of metal fuel card 187 is carried out the realtime power adjusting: (1) constant input voltage/variable input current method, wherein, in response to going up the load condition that metal oxide structures is represented by recharging card, make the input voltage that is added on each negative electrode-electrolyte structure keep constant, and its electric current that flows through it is changed; (2) constant input current/variable input voltage method wherein, in response to load condition, makes the electric current that flows on each negative electrode-electrolyte keep constant, and the output voltage on its its is changed; (3) constant input voltage/constant input current method, wherein in response to load condition, the voltage that is added to during recharging on each negative electrode-electrolyte structure all keeps constant with the electric current that flows in each negative electrode-electrolyte structure; (4) constant input power method wherein, in response to load condition, makes the input power that is added on each negative electrode-electrolyte structure keep constant; (5) pulsation input power method, wherein, the input power duty ratio predetermined with basis or each output pulses that dynamical state keeps that is added to during recharging on each negative electrode-electrolyte structure is pulsed; (6) constant input voltage/pulsation input current method wherein, make the electric current that flows into during recharging in each negative electrode-electrolyte structure keep constant, and the electric current of inflow negative electrode-electrolyte structure is pulsed with particular duty cycle; (7) pulsation input voltage/constant input current method, wherein, make during recharging, be added on each negative electrode-electrolyte structure input power pulsation, and flow in each negative electrode-electrolyte structure electric current keep constant.
In the preferred embodiments of the present invention, seven (7) plant each that recharge in the power regulating method all is pre-programmed among the ROM relevant with system controller 203 '.These power regulating methods can multitude of different ways be selected, these modes for example comprise, manually switch on the start-up system housing or button, automatically detect on metal fuel card device and metal fuel card recharge interface between the subsystem 191 and set up or detected body, electricity, magnetic or optical states.
The metal fuel card recharges the system controller in the subsystem
Described in as above describing in detail, system controller 203 ' is carried out various operations, so that carry out the various operations of the FCB system in its discharge mode.In the preferred embodiment of the FCB of Fig. 3 system, be used for realizing subsystem that the metal fuel card recharges the system controller 203 ' in the subsystem 191 and be used for realizing that the subsystem of the system controller 203 in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem 186 is identical.What however, it should be understood that is, in discharge with recharge the system controller that is utilized in subsystem 186 and 191 and can be implemented as independent subsystem, each all utilizes the microcontroller of one or more programmings, respectively organizes function so that carry out by what its FCB system carried out.In both cases, one I/O control subsystem in these subsystems can be designed to primary input/Output Control Sub-system, utilize this subsystem, one or more external subsystems (as, ADMINISTRATION SUBSYSTEM) can be connected to the outside and/or the remote management capability that can carry out execution in its FCB system.
The metal fuel card recharge use in the subsystem recharge the metal fuel card
Fig. 4 B51 and 4B52 represent to utilize metal fuel card shown in Fig. 4 B3 and the 4B4 to recharge the high level flow chart of the basic step that recharges the metal fuel card of subsystem 191.
Shown in the piece A shown in Fig. 4 B51, discharge clamps carrier system 192 the metal fuel card 187 of 4 discharges is sent between card that the metal fuel card recharges subsystem 191 recharges from the bottom of the metal fuel card storage box 188B of discharge, shown in Fig. 4 B1.
Shown in piece B, recharge a transmit subsystem 204 ' be loaded into the metal fuel card of metal fuel card in recharging between recharging of subsystem 191 around configuration recharge 197 ', thereby the ionic conduction medium is arranged between the metal fuel card of each cathode construction and loading.
Shown in piece C, recharge a transmit subsystem 204 ' and dispose each then and recharge 197 ', contact thereby its cathode construction forms ion with the metal fuel card that is loaded, and its anode contact structures and its formation electrically contact.
Shown in the piece D among Fig. 4 B51, negative electrode-electrolyte input configuration subsystem 244 automatically be configured in configuration around the metal fuel card that loaded each recharge an input of 197 ', then, system controller 203 ' control metal fuel card recharges subsystem 191, thereby recharges required voltage and current and provide electrical power to the metal fuel zone of metal fuel card to be optimized.
Shown in the piece E among Fig. 4 B52, when one or more metal fuel cards recharge, then card unloading subsystem 193 automatically is sent to the metal fuel card that recharges each the metal fuel card top that recharges in the metal fuel card storage box 188B that recharges, shown in Fig. 4 B2.After this, shown in piece F, the operation shown in the repeatable block A to E recharges between recharging so that the metal fuel of other discharge clamped to be downloaded to.
Manage the metal fuel availability in second exemplary embodiment of metal-air FCB of the present invention system and the appearance of metal oxide
During the discharge mode
In the FCB of second exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 6 system, provide the device of the metal fuel availability that is used for during discharge operation, automatically managing metal fuel card discharge subsystem 186.The back will be described the ability of this system in more detail.
Shown in Fig. 4 B14, the expression discharge parameter (as, i Acd, v Acd..., pO 2d, H 2O d, T Acd, v Acr/ i Acr) data-signal automatically be used as the data that input offers in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem 186 and obtain and processing subsystem 400.After sampling and obtaining, these data-signals are processed and be converted into corresponding Data Elements, are written into for example message structure shown in Fig. 4 A13 409 then.Each message structure 409 comprises one group of Data Elements, and these group data are by " mark time ", and relevant with the unique metal fuel card identifier 240 related with the special metal fuel card (240 ', 240 ' ').This unique metal fuel card identifier is determined by the time read head 260 shown in Fig. 4 A6 (260 ', 260 ' ').Then, each message structure that is labeled the time is recorded in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 308 of metal fuel card discharge subsystem 186, be used in the future recharge and/or discharge operation during keep, subsequent treatment and/or visit.
As mentioned above, during discharge mode, data are obtained and are sampled with 400 pairs of various types of information of processing subsystem and compile.This information type for example comprises: the magnitude of current (i that discharge on particular cathode-electrolyte structure in the partial discharge head (1) Acd); (2) voltage that produces on each this negative electrode-electrolyte structure; (3) oxygen concentration (pO in each sub-chamber in each discharge head 2d); (4) near the water cut value (H each negative electrode-electrolyte interface in each discharge head 2O d); (5) temperature (T in each passage of each discharge head Acd).According to these information that is pooled to, data are obtained the period ((T that can calculate discharging current on (ⅰ) particular cathode-electrolyte structure in the partial discharge head with processing subsystem 400 apace d).
Obtain the message structure that produces with processing subsystem 400 by data and be stored in real time in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 308 in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem 186, and can during discharge operation, use in every way.
For example, above-mentioned electric current (i Acd) and time ((T d) information is in a conventional manner respectively with ampere with hour measure.Provide from along the metal-air cell group structure of the metal fuel card electric charge of " discharge " (approximate measure value Q) by the product of these measured values of " AH " expression.Therefore, during discharge operation, " AH " product that is calculated provides the accurate amount of the metal oxide that expection formed in specified moment on the particular lane of metal fuel card of sign (that is mark).
When utilizing the historical information of relevant burning and reduction processing, discharge of metal fuel card and the metal fuel data base management subsystem 308 and 404 that recharges in subsystem 186 and 191 can calculate respectively or determine from specific zinc fuel card discharge (promptly, produce electrical power) can utilize how many metal fuels (as, zinc), how many metal oxides perhaps appear when reduction.Therefore, this information utmost point helps to carry out and for example comprises and to determine the management functions such as metal fuel amount that can use along the special metal fuel region.
In this exemplary embodiment, in metal fuel card discharge subsystem 186, utilize following metal fuel availability management method to manage the metal fuel availability.
The method for optimizing of metal fuel availability management during the discharge operation
According to principle of the present invention, data read 260 (260 ', 260 ' ') automatically identify each the metal fuel card that is loaded in the discharge assembly 197, and produce its card identification data of indication, these data be provided for data in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem 186 obtain with processing subsystem in.When the card identification data that receives about the metal fuel card that loaded, data are obtained the message structure (that is data file) of automatically creating the card in the metal fuel data base management subsystem with processing subsystem.The function of the message structure shown in Fig. 4 A13 is the information of current (up-to-date) such as the relevant detected discharge parameter of record, metal fuel usability status, metal oxide existences.When this special metal fuel card in the metal fuel data base management subsystem being pre-created structure information storage, then, visit this message file, to upgrade.Shown in Fig. 4 A13, for the metal fuel card of each sign, at every i sampling moment t iTo each metal fuel zone (MFZ j) maintenance message structure 409.
In case be that a special metal fuel card 187 has been created a message structure, just must determine that it goes up initial state or the condition of each metal fuel zone 195A value 195D, and be input in the message structure of maintenance in the interior metal fuel data base management subsystem 308 of metal fuel card discharge subsystem 186.
Usually, the metal fuel card that is loaded in the discharge head assembly 197 will partially or completely be charged, and therefore comprises along the specified quantitative of the metal fuel of its area supported.In order accurately to manage metal fuel, the initial metal fuel amount (MFA) in the card that must determine to be loaded, the information that will represent it then is stored in discharge respectively and recharges in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 308 and 404 of subsystem 186 and 191.Usually, the initial state of information can obtain by different way, for example comprises: before the discharge operation of finishing different FCB system, this initialization information on the metal fuel card is encoded; During the nearest discharge operation of in by identical FCB system, carrying out, this initialization information is recorded in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 308 in advance; In metal fuel data base management subsystem 308 (in factory), the amount of the metal fuel that occurs on each road of record specific types of metals fuel card, and when utilizing data read 260 (260 ', when 260 ' ') reading code on the metal fuel card, automatically this information in the customizing messages structure is carried out initialization; Utilize above-mentioned metal oxide detection components together with negative electrode-electrolyte output configuration subsystem 205, or utilize the initial amount of metal fuel on other each metal fuel roads of technology actual measurement that are suitable for.
Detect (v by obtaining with the above-mentioned metal oxide of processing subsystem 400 configurations with negative electrode-electrolyte output configuration subsystem 205 in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem 186 and data Applied/ i Response) drive circuit, carry out above-mentioned actual measurement technology.Utilize this configuration, the metal oxide detection head can automatically obtain the information of " initial " state in each metal fuel road on the metal fuel card of each sign of being loaded in the relevant discharge head assembly 197.This information will be included in to load and constantly (be expressed as t 0) metal oxide that go up to occur in each zone (195A to 195D) and the initial amount of metal fuel.
With with the similar mode of mode of the FCB system description of reference Fig. 1, by applying test voltage automatically for special metal fuel region 195A to 195D, and detect the electric current that flows through it in response to the test voltage that is applied, come that this metal fuel/metal oxide is carried out in each metal fuel zone (MFZ) of the card 187 that loaded and measure.Be illustrated in the voltage (v that the particular sample cycle is applied down Applied) and response current (i Response) data-signal obtained with processing subsystem 400 by data and automatically detect, and processedly represent the test voltage that applied and the ratio (V of response current to produce with suitable numerical scale Applied/ i Response) Data Elements.These Data Elements automatically are recorded in the message structure of the metal fuel card that is linked to the sign that remains in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 308.Because these Data Elements (v/i) provide direct measurement to resistance on the measured metal fuel zone, therefore, it with the metal fuel zone that identifies on the amount of recording of the metal oxide that occurs accurately relevant.
Data obtain with processing subsystem 400 quantize then the initial metal oxide amount of surveying (can be at t zero-time 0Obtain), and be assigned therein as MOA 0, be used for being recorded in message structure (shown in Fig. 4 A13).Then, can be on each road when utilizing relevant (again) fully charging the previous information of available metal fuel maximum, data are obtained with processing subsystem 400 and are calculated each fuel channel at " t constantly 0" the accurate measured value of the metal fuel that can on each road, obtain, each measured value is appointed as MFA 0, and with the initial metal fuel measured value { MFA of these metal fuel cards that are used to identify 0Be recorded in metal fuel card discharge respectively and recharge subsystem 186 and 191 both metal fuel data base management subsystems in.Although this initialization process process is convenient to carry out, but be understood that, in some applications, may more wish metal fuel sticked under the known processing procedure of the row prerequisite of (as, above-mentioned short-circuit resistance test), utilizing Theoretical Calculation to be determined by experiment initial metal fuel measured value.
After finishing initialization procedure, metal fuel card discharge subsystem 186 is prepared to carry out the metal fuel management function along the circuit that describes below.In this exemplary embodiment, this method relates to two basic steps, and these steps are carried out during discharge operation in a looping fashion.
What the first step of this processing procedure related to is, from initial metal fuel amount MFA 0In deduct corresponding to when at time interval t 0-t 1Between the metal oxide amount that produces during the discharge operation that carries out, the metal oxide estimated value MOE that calculates 0-1During discharge operation, utilize the following discharge parameter that is pooled to calculate metal oxide estimated value MOE 0-1: discharging current i AcdAnd period (T d
Second step of this processing procedure relates to the measured value (MFA that will calculate 0-MOE 0-1) be added to corresponding to can be at time interval t 0-t 1Between the metal oxide estimated value MOE of the metal oxide amount that produces during any recharging of carrying out 0-1Be noted that at interdischarge interval, utilize recharge current i AcrAnd (T calculates metal oxide estimated value MOE the period 0-1Be noted that just previous to recharge operating period (if carrying out such operation), will calculate metal oxide estimated value MOE in advance 0-1, and it is recorded in the metal fuel card recharges in the metal fuel data base management subsystem in the subsystem 186.Therefore, must recharge operating period at electric current and from the database that recharges subsystem 191, read the information element that this writes down in advance.
Result of calculation (that is MFA, of aforementioned calculation operation 0-MOE 0-1+ MFE 0-1) be logged in then in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 400 of metal fuel card discharge subsystem 186, as new current metal fuel amount (MFA 1), this metal fuel amount will be used to ensuing metal fuel availability and upgrade in the processing procedure.During discharge operation, align each the every t in metal fuel road that is discharged i-t I+1Carry out once above-mentioned renewal processing procedure second.
This information that remains on each metal fuel road can be used in many ways, and for example: the availability of management metal fuel makes it the satisfied electrical power requirements that is connected to the electric loading of FCB system; And, discharge parameter is set during discharge operation in the best way.The back is described in more detail the details to relevant metal fuel administrative skill.
The use of metal fuel availability management during the discharge operation pattern
During discharge operation, at calculating estimated value (that is MFT, of the metal fuel of determining on i the discharge head, on any special metal fuel region 195A to 195D, occur at moment t2 T1-t2) can be used to calculate the availability of metal fuel on (j+1), (j+2) or (j+n) the individual discharge head in j discharge head downstream.Utilize the measured value that calculates like this, system controller 203 in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem 186 can be determined (promptly in real time, expection) which the metal fuel zone on the metal fuel card comprise have present in an amount at least sufficient to be added to during the discharge operation on the metal fuel card discharge subsystem 186 moment load status metal fuel (as, zinc), " access " known metal fuel zone that will occur metal fuel on it and selectively.This road handover operation can relate to the system controller 203 that temporarily output of its negative electrode-electrolyte structure is connected to the input of negative electrode-electrolyte output configuration subsystem 205, thereby make the zone that is loaded with available metal fuel content (as, deposit) can easily be used to produce the required electrical power of electric loading 200.
Another advantage of this metal fuel managerial ability is, the system controller 203 in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem 115 just can utilize recharge with discharge operation before during in metal fuel data base management subsystem 308, compile and the information that the writes down discharge parameter during controlling discharge operation.
The information that during discharge mode, writes down during the operator scheme before the priority of use
The device of control discharge parameter
In the FCB of second exemplary embodiment system, the system controller 203 of metal fuel card discharge subsystem 186 can utilize formerly recharge with discharge operation during information in the metal fuel data base management subsystem of FCB system that be pooled to and that be recorded in Fig. 6 automatically control discharge parameter.
Shown in Fig. 4 B14, be arranged on the subsystem architecture and the bus of discharging and recharging between reaching in subsystem 186 and 191 system controller 203 in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem 186 is visited and service recorder information in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 404 in the metal fuel card recharges subsystem 191.Similarly, be arranged on discharge and recharge in subsystem 186 and 191 and between subsystem architecture and bus can make the metal fuel card recharge system controller 203 ' visit and service recorder information in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 308 in the metal fuel card discharges subsystem 186 in the subsystem 191.To explain the advantage of the shared ability of this information and subfile below.
During discharge operation, system controller 203 can be visited and is stored in discharge and recharge subsystem 186 and the interior various types of information of 191 interior metal fuel data base management subsystems.Important information element with in specified moment along current available metal fuel amount (that is MFE, on each metal fuel zone 195A to 195D t) relevant.Utilize this information, system controller 203 can determine whether have enough metal fuels to satisfy current electrical power requirements along particular lane.Previous discharge operation result is that the metal fuel along one or more or whole fuel region 195A to 195D of metal fuel card may consume basically, and because is not recharge as yet from last discharge operation.System controller 203 can reckon with this metal fuel state in the discharge head.Metal fuel state according to " upstream " fuel card, system controller 203 responses are as follows: (ⅰ) when detecting high load status in load 200, negative electrode-the electrolyte structure in the road of metal fuel " affluence " is connected to discharge power regulates subsystem 223, and when on 200, detecting low load condition in discharge, the negative electrode-electrolyte structure in the zone of metal fuel " dilution " is connected in this subsystem; (ⅱ) when on the metal fuel zone of sign, thin metal fuel occurring, increase the amount of oxygen that injects the respective cathode supporting structure, and when in the metal fuel zone of sign, thick metal fuel occurring, reduce the amount of oxygen that injects the respective cathode supporting structure, so that keep from the power of discharge head 197 generations; (ⅲ) when detected its temperature surpasses predetermined threshold, the temperature of control discharge head 197 etc.It should be understood that in alternate embodiment of the present invention system controller 203 can be operated by different way in response to the detected condition of specific region on the metal fuel card of sign.
Recharge during the pattern
In the FCB system of the 5th exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 6, provide to be used for automatically managing the device that the metal fuel card recharges the metal oxide that subsystem 191 occurs recharging operating period.Below this system capability will be described in more detail.
Shown in Fig. 4 B14, expression recharges parameter (as, i Acr, v Acr, pO 2r, H 2O r, T r, v Acr/ i Acr) data-signal by automatically as input offer the metal fuel card recharge data in the subsystem 191 obtain with processing subsystem 406 in.After sampling and obtaining, these data-signals are processed and convert corresponding Data Elements to, for example are written into then in the message structure shown in Fig. 4 B13 410.As situation about compiling at discharge parameter, each message structure 410 that recharges parameter comprises one group of Data Elements, these group Data Elements are by " mark time ", and with unique metal fuel card identifier 240 (240 ', 240 ' ') relevant, this identifier is associated with the metal fuel card that is just being recharged.This unique metal fuel card identifier is determined by data read 270 (270 ', 270 ' '), shown in Fig. 4 B6.The message structure of each mark time is recorded in the metal fuel card then and recharges in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 404 of subsystem 191, shown in Fig. 4 B14, be used in the future recharge and/or discharge operation during maintenance, subsequent treatment and/or visit.
As mentioned above, during recharging pattern, data are obtained with processing subsystem 406 samplings and are compiled various types of information.These information types for example comprise: (1) is added to each and recharges in 197 ' the voltage that recharges on each this negative electrode-electrolyte structure; (2) recharge the magnitude of current (i that provides on a 197 ' inner cathode-electrolyte structure at each Acr); (3) each recharges the oxygen concentration (pO in interior each sub-chamber 2r) value; (4) each recharges near the water cut value (H of interior each negative electrode-electrolyte interface 2O r); (5) each recharges the temperature (T in each passage of 197 ' Acr).According to the information that is pooled to, data are obtained and the processing subsystem 406 various parameters of computing system easily, for example comprise electric current is offered specific the period ((t that recharges an interior particular cathode-electrolyte structure r).
Recharging operating period, in the metal fuel card recharges the metal fuel data base management subsystem 404 of subsystem 191, producing in real time and the canned data structure can be used in many ways.For example, the above-mentioned electric current (i that during recharging pattern, obtains Acr) and period ((T r) information is respectively in a conventional manner with ampere and hour measurement.The product of these measured values (AH) provides electric charge (accurate measured value Q) that is added to along the metal-air cell group structure of metal fuel card during recharging.Therefore, recharging operating period, " AH " product that is calculated provides expection to identify the accurate amount of the metal fuel that produces on the metal fuel zone in specified moment.
When utilizing the historical information of relevant burning and reduction processing, metal fuel card discharge and recharge metal fuel data base management subsystem 308 and 404 in subsystem 186 and 191 and can be used for calculating or determine to be used to recharge (that is, converting zinc to) how many metal oxides should occurring respectively from zinc oxide along the zinc fuel card.Therefore, this information utmost point helps to carry out and comprises the metal fuel management function of for example determining during recharging to occur along each metal fuel zone 195A to 195D metal oxide amount etc.
In this exemplary embodiment, recharge at the metal fuel card and utilize following method to manage metal oxide in the subsystem 191 process to occur.
Recharge the method for optimizing of operating period metal oxide appearance management
According to principle of the present invention, data read 270 (270 ', 270 ' ') automatically sign is loaded into each the metal fuel card that recharges in the assembly 197 ', and produce its card identification data of indication, these data be provided for the metal fuel card recharge data in the subsystem 191 obtain with processing subsystem in.During the card identification data of the metal fuel card that loads when receiving, data are obtained and processing subsystem is automatically created the message structure (that is data file) of card in the metal fuel data base management subsystem.The function of this message structure is the relevant detected information that parameter, metal fuel usability status, metal oxide go out present condition etc. that recharges of record, shown in Fig. 4 B13.When in metal fuel data base management subsystem 404 this special metal fuel card being pre-created structure information storage (being data file), this message file is accessed, to upgrade.Shown in Fig. 4 B13, for the metal fuel zone of each sign, at the moment of each sampling t iTo each metal fuel zone (MFZ j) 195A to 195D keeps message structure 410.In case be that a special metal fuel card has been created a message structure, just must determine that it goes up the initial state or the condition in each metal fuel zone, and be input in discharge respectively and recharge in the message structure of maintenance in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 308 and 404 of subsystem 186 and 191.
Usually, being loaded into the metal fuel card that recharges in the assembly 197 will partially or completely be charged, and therefore comprises along the metal oxide of the specified quantitative of its fuel region, is used to convert to its virgin metal.In order accurately to manage metal fuel, these the initial metal oxide amounts (MOA) in the card that must determine to be loaded, the information that will represent it then is stored in discharge respectively and recharges in the metal fuel data base management subsystem of subsystem 186 and 191.Usually, the initial state of information can obtain by different way, for example comprises: before the discharge operation of finishing different FCB system, this initialization information on the metal fuel card is encoded; When in identical FCB system, carrying out the nearest operating period that recharges, this initialization information is recorded in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 404 in advance; In metal fuel data base management subsystem 404 (in factory), the metal oxide amount of expection is gone up in each zone of record specific types of metals fuel card, and when utilizing data read 270 (270 ', when 270 ' ') reading code on the metal fuel card, automatically this information in the customizing messages structure is carried out initialization; Utilize above-mentioned metal oxide detection components together with negative electrode-electrolyte input configuration subsystem 244, or utilize the initial amount of metal oxide on other each metal fuel zones of technology actual measurement that are suitable for.
Can carry out above-mentioned " reality " measuring technique by obtaining and processing subsystem 406 configuration metal oxides detection drive circuits (being shown among Fig. 2 A15) with the negative electrode-electrolyte input configuration subsystem 244 and the data that recharge in the subsystem 191.Utilize this configuration, the metal oxide detection head can automatically obtain the information about " initial " state in each metal fuel road on the metal fuel card that recharges each sign of being loaded in the assembly 197 '.This information will be included in to load and constantly (be expressed as t 0) metal oxide that on each road, occurs and the initial amount of metal fuel.
With with the similar mode of mode of the FCB system description of reference Fig. 1 and 3, by automatically on the specific region of metal fuel, applying test voltage, and detect the electric current that flows through in response to the test voltage that is applied, come that this metal fuel/metal oxide is carried out in each metal fuel zone of the card that loaded and measure.Be illustrated in the voltage (v that the particular sample cycle is applied down Applied) and response current (i Response) data-signal obtained with processing subsystem 406 by data and automatically detect, and processedly represent the test voltage that applied and the ratio (v of response current to produce with suitable numerical scale Applied/ i Response) Data Elements.These Data Elements automatically are recorded in the message structure of the metal fuel card that is linked to the sign that remains in the metal fuel data administration subsystem 404.Because these Data Elements (v/i) provide the direct measurement to measured metal fuel zone resistance, therefore, it with the metal fuel zone of sign on " initial " of recording of the metal oxide that occurs measure accurately relevant.
Data obtain with processing subsystem 406 quantize then the initial metal oxide amount of surveying (can be at t zero-time 0Obtain), and be assigned therein as MOA 0, be used for being recorded in respectively the discharge of metal fuel card and recharge subsystem 186 and 191 metal fuel data base management subsystems 308 in both and 404 message structures that keep in.Although this initialization process process is convenient to carry out, but be understood that, in some applications, may more wish under the prerequisite that metal fuel is sticked into the known processing procedure of row (for example, above-mentioned short-circuit resistance test), utilize Theoretical Calculation to calculate initial metal oxide measured value by experiment.
After finishing initialization procedure, the metal fuel card recharges subsystem 191 and prepares to carry out the metal fuel management function along the circuit that describes below.In this exemplary embodiment, this method relates to two basic steps, and these steps are carried out in a looping fashion recharging operating period.
What the first step of this processing procedure related to is, from initial metal oxide amount MFA 0In deduct corresponding to when at time interval t 0-t 1Between carry out recharge during the metal fuel estimated value MFE that calculates of the metal fuel amount that produces 0-1Recharge operating period, utilizing following discharge parameter to calculate metal fuel estimated value MFE 0-1: recharge current i AcrAnd period (T r
Second step of this processing procedure relates to the measured value (MOA that will calculate 0-MFE 0-1) be added to corresponding to can be at time interval t 0-t 1Between the metal oxide estimated value MOE of the metal oxide amount that produces of any interdischarge interval of carrying out 0-1Be noted that during discharge operation, utilize following discharge parameter (the recharge current i that is pooled to AcdWith its period (T 0-1) calculate metal oxide estimated value MOE 0-1Be noted that during just previous discharge operation (if from t 0Carry out such operation), will calculate metal oxide estimated value MOE in advance 0-1, and it is recorded in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 308 in the metal fuel card discharge subsystem 186.Therefore, must current recharge operating period from the discharge subsystem 186 database subsystem 308 read the information element that this writes down in advance.
Result of calculation (that is MOA, of aforementioned calculation operation 0-MFE 0-1+ MOE 0-1) be logged in then in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 404 that the metal fuel card recharges subsystem 191, as new " current " metal fuel amount (MOA 1), this metal fuel amount will be used to ensuing metal oxide and occur upgrading in the processing procedure.Recharge operating period, aligning each the every t in metal fuel zone that is recharged i-t I+1Carry out once above-mentioned renewal processing procedure second.
This information that remains on each metal fuel zone can be used in many ways, and for example: management is along the appearance of the metal oxide structures in metal fuel card zone; And, be provided with in the best way and recharge parameter recharging operating period.The back is described in more detail the details that administrative skill relevant metal oxide occurred.
Recharge the use that management appears in metal oxide during the operator scheme
Recharging operating period, i recharge 197 ' go up determine, (that is, MFT) can be used to calculate and recharging (i+1), (i+2) or (i+n) individual appearance that recharges a last metal oxide in 197 ' downstream along the amount of calculation of the metal oxide that occurs on any special metal fuel channel from i.Utilize the measured value that calculates like this, the system controller 203 ' that the metal fuel card recharges in the subsystem 191 can be determined (promptly in real time, expection) comprises the metal oxide that need recharge (as, zinc oxide) and which metal fuel road along which metal fuel road of metal fuel card and comprise the metal fuel that need not to recharge.These metal fuel zones that recharge for needs, system controller 203 ' can electric mode receive and have enough metal oxide contents (as, negative electrode-the electrolyte structure in these metal fuel zones deposit) is used for converting metal fuel to recharging an assembly 197 '.
Another advantage of this metal oxide managerial ability is, the metal fuel card recharge system controller 203 ' in the subsystem 191 can utilize just previous recharge with discharge operation during in metal fuel data base management subsystem 404, compile and the information that writes down is controlled the parameter that recharges that recharges operating period.
Recharging operating period, the information that is pooled to can be used to calculate in any moment the accurate measured value along the metal oxide amount of each metal fuel zone 915A to 195D existence.This information that is stored in metal fuel database subsystem 404 in the structure information storage that keeps can be by the system controller 203 ' visit of metal fuel card discharge subsystem 186, recharges the magnitude of current that provides on 197 ' the negative electrode-electrolyte structure to control each.Ideal situation is, selects the amplitude of electric current, thereby guarantees and will convert its main source metal (as, zinc) to along the estimator of the metal oxide in each this zone (as, zinc oxide).
The information that during recharging pattern, writes down during the operator scheme before the priority of use
Control recharges the device of parameter
In the FCB of second exemplary embodiment system, the system controller 203 ' that the metal fuel card recharges subsystem 191 can utilize formerly recharge with discharge operation during information in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 308 and 404 of FCB system that be pooled to and that be recorded in Fig. 3 automatically control and recharge parameter.
Recharging operating period, the system controller 203 ' that metal fuel recharges in the subsystem 191 can be visited the various types of information that are stored in the metal fuel data base management subsystem 404.Be stored in one of them important information element with in specified moment at metal oxide amount (that is MOA, along current existence on each metal fuel zone t) relevant.Utilize this information, system controller 203 ' can determine to exist a large amount of metal oxide deposits on those zones, thereby can utilize negative electrode-electrolyte input configuration subsystem 244 that the input (in recharging head) of respective cathode-electrolyte structure is connected to and recharge power control subsystem 245, recharge operation so that effectively and apace carry out.System controller 203 ' can reckon with operation these metal oxide conditions before that recharge.According to the metal oxide condition that is loaded into " upstream " fuel card in the discharge head assembly, the system controller 203 ' of this exemplary embodiment can respond as follows: (ⅰ) during long recharging, negative electrode-the electrolyte structure in the zone of metal oxide " affluence " is connected to recharges in the power conditioning subsystem 245, and in the relatively short operating period that recharges, from the negative electrode-electrolyte structure in the zone that this subsystem connection metal oxide " exhausts "; (ⅱ) recharging operating period, increase is extracted speed out from the oxygen corresponding to the cathode supporting structure in the zone that forms thick metal oxide structures along it, and recharging operating period, reducing from oxygen and extract speed out corresponding to the cathode supporting structure in the zone that forms thin metal oxide structures along it; (ⅲ) when detected its temperature surpasses predetermined threshold, control recharges a temperature of 197 ' etc.It should be understood that in alternate embodiment of the present invention system controller 203 ' can be operated by different way in response to the detected state of specific region on the fuel card of sign.
The 3rd exemplary embodiment of metal-air FCB of the present invention system
The 3rd exemplary embodiment of metal-air FCB system is shown among Fig. 5 to 5A.Among this embodiment, this FCB system of giving provides metal fuel with metal fuel card (or sheet) form that is included in the tray salver class cassette arrangement, the inner space that has separation in this device, be used for will (again) the metal fuel card with discharge of charging be stored in independent storage compartments.The design of this metal fuel feed has a plurality of advantages, has obviously reduced storage (again) charging and the required formal space amount of metal fuel card discharge of being used for that is:; The charging tray that slides into system's housing by the plate-like tray salver that will fill is in advance accepted in the port, the precharge metal fuel card of new feed can be offered system fast; With, by single tray salver is shifted out and insert new tray salver from housing, old discharge card feed can be shifted out fast from this system.
Shown in Figure 10 to 10A, FCB system 500 comprises a plurality of subsystems, that is: metal fuel card discharge (that is, power produces) subsystem 186 is used for producing electrical power from the metal fuel card 187 that recharges during the discharge operation pattern; The metal fuel card recharges subsystem 191, is used for recharging with electrochemical means during recharging operator scheme the each several part of the metal fuel card of (that is reduction) oxidation; The carrier system 189 ' that clamps that recharges is used for automatically (recharging) metal fuel card 187 of one or more chargings card storage compartments 501A that recharges from boxlike charging tray/tray salver 502 is loaded between the discharge of discharge subsystem 186; The card unloading subsystem 190 ' of discharge, be used for the metal fuel card 187 of one or more discharges from being unloaded to the metal fuel card storage compartments 501B of discharge between the discharge of discharge subsystem 186, this storage compartments is positioned on the card storage compartments 501A, and by platform 503 separations that are configured in the tray salver housing 504, so that approximately equalised subspace is separated in its inner space; The carrier system 192 ' that clamps of discharge is used for that automatically the metal fuel card of one or more discharges is loaded into the metal fuel card from the metal fuel card storage box 501B of discharge and recharges between recharging of subsystem 191; With the card that recharges unloading subsystem 193 ', be used for automatically the metal fuel card that will recharge and be unloaded to the metal fuel card storage compartments 501A that recharges from recharging between the recharging of subsystem.
Provided by the metal fuel of this FCB system consumption form with metal fuel card 187, its structure can be similar to the structure of employed card 187 in the system of employed card in the system of Fig. 2 or Fig. 4 A3.In both cases, discharge and recharge head and will be designed and constitute the body that is adapted to metal fuel on card or the laminated structure and place.Best, employed each metal fuel card will be " multizone " or " multiple tracks " in this FCB system, so as can from " multizone " or " multiple tracks " discharge head, to produce simultaneously a plurality of supply power voltages (as, 1.2 volts).As above at length described, the output voltage that can produce and provide wide region from this system that is characterized as of the present invention is applicable to the demand of the certain electric load that is connected to the FCB system.
Although the metal fuel conveying mechanism of the foregoing description is different with the embodiment of other descriptions of the present invention, but, metal fuel card discharge subsystem 186 and metal fuel card recharge subsystem 191 can be substantially the same, or make amendment as required, with the demand of any specific embodiment of satisfying this FCB system design.
The 4th exemplary embodiment of metal-air FCB of the present invention system
The 4th exemplary embodiment of metal-air FCB system is shown among Fig. 6 to 6A.Among this embodiment, the FCB system is provided with metal fuel card discharge subsystem, and not being set, the metal fuel card do not recharge subsystem, thereby provide the more metal fuel of simplified design with metal fuel card (or sheet) form that is included in the tray salver class cassette arrangement, the inner space that has separation in this device, be used for will (again) the metal fuel card with discharge of charging be stored in independent storage compartments.The design of this metal fuel feed has a plurality of advantages, has obviously reduced storage (again) charging and the required formal space amount of metal fuel card discharge of being used for that is:; The housing that slides into system by the plate-like tray salver that will fill is in advance simply accepted in the port, the precharge metal fuel card of new feed can be offered system fast; With, by single tray salver is shifted out and insert new tray salver from housing, old discharge head material can be shifted out fast from this system.
As shown in the figure, this FCB system 600 comprises a plurality of subsystems, that is: metal fuel card discharge (that is, power produces) subsystem 186 is used for producing electrical power from the metal fuel card 187 that recharges during the discharge operation pattern; The metal fuel card recharges subsystem 191, is used for recharging with electrochemical means during recharging operator scheme the each several part of the metal fuel card of (that is reduction) oxidation; The carrier system 189 ' that clamps that recharges is used for automatically (recharging) metal fuel card 187 of one or more chargings card storage compartments 501A that recharges from boxlike charging tray/tray salver 502 is loaded between the discharge of discharge subsystem 186; The card unloading subsystem 190 ' of discharge, be used for the metal fuel card 187 of one or more discharges from being unloaded to the metal fuel card storage compartments 501B of discharge between the discharge of discharge subsystem 186, this storage compartments is positioned on the card storage compartments 501A, and by platform 503 separations that are configured in the tray salver housing 504, so that approximately equalised subspace is separated in its inner space; The carrier system 192 ' that clamps of discharge is used for that automatically the metal fuel card of one or more discharges is loaded into the metal fuel card from the metal fuel card storage box 501B of discharge and recharges between recharging of subsystem 191; With the card that recharges unloading subsystem 193 ', be used for automatically the metal fuel card that will recharge and be unloaded to the metal fuel card storage compartments 501A that recharges from recharging between the recharging of subsystem.
Provided by the metal fuel of this FCB system consumption form with metal fuel card 187, its structure can be similar to the structure of employed card 187 in the system of employed card 112 in the system of Fig. 2 or Fig. 4 A3.In both cases, discharge and recharge head and will be designed and constitute the body that is adapted to metal fuel on card or the laminated structure and place.Best, employed each metal fuel card will be " multizone " or " multiple tracks " in this FCB system, so as can from " multizone " or " multiple tracks " discharge head, to produce simultaneously a plurality of supply power voltages (as, 1.2 volts).As above at length described, the output voltage that can produce and provide wide region from this system that is characterized as of the present invention is applicable to the demand of the certain electric load that is connected to the FCB system.
Although the metal fuel of above-mentioned exemplary embodiment provides mechanism different with the embodiment of other descriptions of the present invention, but, metal fuel card discharge subsystem 186 and metal fuel card recharge subsystem 191 can be substantially the same, or make amendment as required, with the demand of any specific embodiment of satisfying this FCB system design.
Each additional embodiment of metal-air FCB of the present invention system
In above-mentioned FCB system, a plurality of discharge heads and a plurality ofly recharge the described advantage that head has had these features to be provided.But it should be understood that FCB of the present invention system made only single discharge head, or this single discharge head recharges the head combination with one or more, perhaps, be formed into the only single head that recharges, or should singlely recharge and one or more discharge heads make up.
In above-mentioned FCB system, discharge head as shown is plane or general plane structure with the cathode construction that recharges head, these structures are static basically with respect to anode contact electrode or parts, and metal fuel (that is anode) material or (ⅰ) static with respect to the cathode construction among the invention described above metal fuel card embodiment; Perhaps (ⅱ) moves with respect to the cathode construction among the invention described above metal fuel card embodiment.
But, be understood that, metal-air FCB of the present invention system design is not limited to utilize the static cathode construction in plane, but can utilize one or more cylindricality cathode constructions to constitute in addition, be suitable in discharge and/or recharge the operating period rotation or form ion contacting, also carry out all electrochemical function that cathode construction must be carried out simultaneously in metal-air FCB system with the metal fuel card.Be noted that, can utilize the technology identical easily to be adapted to the cathode construction of post shapes with the technology that is used for constituting the static cathode construction in above-mentioned plane, these structures are implemented as the ventilative support column by electric motor driven hollow, and carry the identical charges collection minor structure that cathode construction is set usually, as mentioned above.
In these alternative embodiments of the present invention, ionic conduction medium between the metal fuel card that is arranged on cylindricality rotating cathode structure and is transmitted can realize with multitude of different ways, and for example (1) solid ionic of appending on the outer surface of negative electrode of rotation injects gelinite or other media; (2) be attached to the lip-deep solid ionic injection gelinite of metal fuel card or other media that the cylindricality cathode construction that is configured to and rotates forms the transmission that ion contact; (3) banded structure comprises the flexible porous substrate that comprises the solid ion conductive medium; Can and/or recharge operating period in discharge with respect to the cylindricality cathode construction of rotation and the metal fuel card transmission of moving; Or (4) liquid-type ionic conduction medium (as, electrolyte), be arranged between the metal fuel card of the cathode construction of rotation and transmission, between negative electrode and anode construction, carry out ionic charge and transmit so that can and recharge operating period in discharge.
Metal-air FCB power generation module and use therein metal fuel card and negative electrode charging tray
Several exemplary embodiment of the present have only been described above.Can expect a plurality of other embodiment.Several alternate embodiment of the present invention is shown among Fig. 7 to 14A.Usually, the design that comprises in the system embodiment shown in Fig. 1 to 6A, structure and inventive principle can be used to create various metal-air FCB power generations (that is, the taking place) module in the battery storage compartment that is suitable for inserting in electronic equipment, system, the device etc.The example of these FCB power generation modules generally comprises: module housing; Discharge head is packaged in the module housing, wherein can slide into one or more metal fuel cards and be used for discharge; And wherein this module housing has a pair of electric terminal, is used for the power end of contact host computer system when module housing being loaded into the battery storage compartment of host computer system.Module overall dimension in any application-specific needn't be greater than the cell compartments that will be installed in wherein.The host computer system that wherein can load metal-air FCB power generation module can be household electrical appliances, electronic installation, electronic system or the electricity/photoelectric instrument that need carry out any kind of its operation with the particular voltage range input electric power.The details of these metal-airs FCB power generation module of the present invention will be described below.
Among Fig. 7, show portable cellular phone 610, in its battery storage compartment 612, comprise metal-air FCB power generation module 611.Shown in Fig. 7 and 7A, keep a plurality of extra metal fuel cards 613 in attached to the storage compartments on the outer surface of cell compartments cover panel 615 (card retainer) 614 in adhesion.In Fig. 7 A, battery storage compartment cover panel 614 takes out (that is, opening), and metal-air GCB power generation module (the metal fuel card is housed) is inserted in the battery storage compartment 614 (or pull out from it).In special alternate embodiment of the present invention, storage compartments 614 can be formed integrally in the power consumption device.As described later, during discharge operation, this FCB generation module utilizes the passive diffusion of surrounding air (O2) target structure, and does not utilize initiatively compulsory or other controlled airflows.This method has been simplified the structure of FCB power generation module shown in Fig. 7 A and has been reduced its cost, has taken into account its performance in the low-power equipment that has designed this module simultaneously.
Shown in Fig. 8 A, FCB power generation module comprises: upper case portion 616A (removably), can unload from lower house part 616B; 4 parts cathode constructions (that is, submodule or tray salver) 617 insert in the groove that is formed among the lower house part 616B removably, and terminate at first electric connector 618; Ventilative panel 619 is formed in the bottom side of lower house part 616B, is used for that surrounding air is flow through and is arranged on the cathode assembly 620A to 620D of cathode construction 621; 4 parts anode contact structures 622, be formed integrally on upper case portion, the electric contact 622A to 622D that comprises the biasing of a plurality of springs, their utilize a plurality of electric connectors of the technology shown in Fig. 4 A11 that is similar to be electrically connected to and the termination and second electric connector 623 in; First printed circuit (PC) plate 624, be installed in the lower house part, be used to carry essential circuit and realize the various subsystems shown in the required Fig. 2 A3 of the passive diffused air type FCB module of Fig. 7 A, and provide electric connector, be used for electrically contacting with first and second electric connectors 618 and 623 foundation, these first and second electric connectors are associated with negative electrode box 617 and anode contact structures 622; The 2nd PC plate 625 is used to support a pair of power output end 626 and for realizing output shown in Fig. 2 A3 configuration subsystem, power output control subsystem and the necessary circuit of other subsystems again; A pair of power output port 627A is used for partly stretching out power output end 626 on the 2nd PC circuit board 625 through lower house; Flexible circuit 628, be used for when upper and lower housing parts snaps fit together the first and second PC plates 624 and 265 with single face metal fuel card 613 between set up and be electrically connected, be used for a plurality of metal fuel parts 627A to 627D of carrying on ultra-thin frame or supporting structure 628, and has an aperture 628A to 628D, when the metal fuel card slips in the groove that is formed between anode contact structures c and the negative electrode box w, these apertures make the electric contact 622A to 622D of a plurality of spring biasings engage each metal fuel parts 627A to 627D, shown in Fig. 7 A and 9;
Shown in Fig. 8 C, negative electrode box 617 comprises the supporting frame 621 of a plurality of grooves 630 with the bottom support surface that respectively has perforation, shown in Fig. 4 A6, makes passive air diffuser.Each cathode assembly 620A-620D disposed thereon and electrolyte inject pad 631A to 631D and can constitute as described above.When the negative electrode box slidably being connected ground (or falling into) when being inserted into first holding tank that is formed on the metal-air FCB power generation module, the conductive component 618 of location, edge on the negative electrode box engage be arranged on a PC plate 624 on each related conductive component of first connector, shown in Fig. 8 A.
Shown in Fig. 8 C, each metal fuel card 613 comprises a plurality of metal fuel parts 627A to 627D that are bearing in a plurality of grooves, and these grooves are formed in the ultra-thin substrate 628 that is similar to substrate shown in Fig. 4 A9.When upper and lower housing parts lumps together in the mode of being clasped, be formed with an aperture on each groove in the substrate 628, so that, the electric contact 628A-628D of the spring related with anode contact structures biasing is formed on owing to the metal fuel card slips into and sets up in second groove that forms between negative electrode box and the anode contact structures and the electrically contacting of metal fuel parts, as shown in Figure 9.
Best, when with tray salver with clamp when being downloaded in the module housing, each all is suitable for the outer edge part 623A (and 623B) of negative electrode box metal fuel card and module housing forms hermetic seal, shown in Fig. 7 A.This will be avoided electrolyte to volatilize before discharge operation.Optionally, the little holder by water or electrolyte make-up solution can be encapsulated in the support plate of negative electrode box 617, and the microguide through forming along minor structure is distributed to electrolyte pad.Can be in the side of electrolyte feed contacting metal fuel card from negative electrode box rat, thus when metal fuel being clamped when being downloaded on the FCB module, the metal fuel card applies power for this projection.This bulge-structure is similar to be arranged on and is used for by saline solns being clicked and entered in the extruding of giver action and spherical structure in the conventional apparatus of human eye.When during discharge operation, consuming electrolyte, by by the metal fuel card target structure applied pressure that is loaded in the FCB module, with other electrolyte automatically the electrolyte reservoir from the negative electrode box extract out.What however, it should be understood that is that the dielectric mode of ion guide is set between each cathode assembly and metal fuel parts in the FCB module to be had multiple.These substitute technologies can comprise ionic conductive polymer, and what they had a design recycles the about metal fuel cards that just need replace later on for 20 times of life-span.Even in these embodiments, may wish on the interface between anode and the ionic conduction medium, to provide the H of q.s 2O.Above-mentioned liquid distribution technology can be used under these situations.
Because the FCB power generation module of Fig. 7 A and 8A utilizes the multi-part cathode/anode structure, therefore, can produce and be subjected to its output electrical power of the different output voltage ranges of configuration subsystem control again.In the preferred embodiment, the multiposition switches 235 by being positioned at the module housing outside is selected the output voltage of FCB generation modules, shown in Fig. 7 A and 9.
Shown in Figure 10 to 11B, in packing/mechanized operation and storage and between the operating period after sale, can will (single) replacement negative electrode box 217 and a plurality of metal fuel card 613 remain in the storage device 636.In first exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 10, storage device is implemented as the form of box like structure, this box like structure has a plurality of grooves, be used for accepting slidably and keep single (replacement) negative electrode box 617 and a plurality of (charging) metal fuel card 613, in the FCB of Fig. 7 A power generation module, to use.Storage container 636 can be made by plastics or other electrically non-conductive materials.Each metal fuel card can be encapsulated in the encapsulating materials such as non-conductive paper tinsel, to prevent before being loaded into the FCB module oxidation and to contact with external environment condition.Similarly, replace the negative electrode box and can be encapsulated in the materials similar, to prevent the electrolyte injecting volatilization in the cathode construction.
In Figure 11 A and 11B, the metal fuel of another kind of type and retainer are represented as leather wallet shape structure 638, and this structure has a plurality of sacks, are used for acceptance/maintenance negative electrode box 617 and a plurality of metal fuel card 613.This card retainer can fold shown in Figure 11 B, and is carried in pocket, briefcase or the knapsack.
Parts shown in Fig. 7 A to 11B are configured for being created in the new system and method for generation electrical power that uses in the various devices.According to principle of the present invention, metal (as, zinc) fuel card 613 is taken out from its retainer, and be inserted into FCB power generation module, thereby it is arranged between negative electrode box 617 and the anode contact structures related with the upper case portion of module.After this, FCB power generation module is placed in the cell compartments of the mobile phone of power consumption device shown in Fig. 7 and 7A.When the metal fuel card discharges, FCB power generation module is taken out from phone, and take out the discharge of metal fuel card.Then, another metal fuel card is taken out from its storage container or retainer, shown in Figure 10 to 11B, and insert in the FCB module, this FCB module and then be inserted into the cell compartments of phone.When metal fuel card feed exhausts, just take out this FCB power generation module, the discharge of metal fuel card, and new metal fuel card is installed.If necessary, then also with new negative electrode box with in the metal fuel card insert module.The life-span of hope this negative electrode box before needs are replaced the negative electrode box can continue use at least 20 or more metal fuel card.Metal fuel card of the present invention can be encapsulated in their retainer or storage container, and together sell together with easy-to-use FCB power generation module (and/or alternative negative electrode box), thereby fully no longer need recharger and expensive balancing cell huge, that inconvenience is used with 10 to 20 parts easily.
In Figure 12, represented high power consumption device slightly (as, have the laptop system 639 of display floater 639A, keyboard 639B etc.) Another Application of FCB power generation module.Metal-air FCB power generation module 640 shown in Figure 12 and the 12A is designed to insert among the battery storage compartment 639C of laptop system, certainly, and in the power consumption device of the more other types of also can packing into.Except size, the main distinction between the FCB module shown in the FCB module shown in Figure 12 A and Fig. 7 A and 9 is that the FCB module of Figure 12 A has been utilized double-sided metal fuel card 641, and this metal fuel card inserts between a target box 624A and the 624B.In addition, the anode contact structures are installed in each metal fuel card inside, rather than in its outside, shown in Fig. 8 A.The FCB module of Figure 12 A will be described below in more detail.
As shown in figure 12, a plurality of extra metal fuel cards 641 are maintained at adhesion and adhere to attached in the storage compartments 643 on the outer surface of the battery storage compartment of hand held or laptop computer.In alternate embodiment of the present invention, this storage compartments 643 can be formed integrally in the power consumption device.As will be described below, during discharge operation, this FCB generation module utilizes surrounding air (O 2) the passive diffusion of target structure, and do not utilize its active is forced or other controlled airflows.This method has been simplified the structure of FCB power generation module shown in Figure 12 A and has been reduced its cost, has taken into account its performance in the power-supply device that has designed this module simultaneously.
As shown in figure 13, FCB power generation module 640 comprises: upper case portion 644A (removably), can unload from lower house part 644B; The one 4 parts cathode construction (that is, submodule or tray salver) 642B inserts in first groove that is formed among the lower house part 616B removably, and terminates at first electric connector 645; The 24 parts cathode construction (that is, submodule or tray salver) 642A inserts in second groove that is formed among the upper case portion 644A removably, and terminates at second electric connector 646; The first ventilative panel 647 is formed in the bottom side of lower house part 644B, is used for that surrounding air is flow through and is arranged on the cathode assembly 648A to 648D of the first cathode construction 642B; The second ventilative panel 649 is formed in the bottom side of upper case portion 644A, is used for that air is flow through and is arranged on the cathode assembly 650A to 650D of the second cathode construction 642A; Double-sided metal fuel card 641, comprise (ⅰ) first group of metal fuel parts 652A-652D and (ⅱ) second group of 652A '-652D ', wherein: first group of metal fuel parts 652A-652D is arranged on first group of anode contact structures 653A to 653D, this first group of anode contact structures 653A to 653D is installed among one group of groove 654A to 654D, utilization is similar to a plurality of electric connectors of the technology shown in Fig. 4 A11, this group groove 654A to 654D is formed at respectively in the first surface of the electric isolation bearings structure 655 that approaches size, and be terminated in the 3rd electric connector 656 with electricity, second group of metal fuel parts 652A '-652D ' is arranged on second group of anode contact structures 653A ' to 653D ', this second group of anode contact structures 653A ' is installed in second group of groove 654A ' to 654D ' to 653D ', utilization is similar to a plurality of electric connectors of the technology shown in Fig. 4 A11, second group of groove 654A ' is formed at respectively in the second surface of electric isolation bearings structure 655 to 654D ', and is terminated in the 4th electric connector 657 in electric mode; First printed circuit (PC) plate 650, be installed in the lower house part, be used to carry essential circuit and realize the various subsystems shown in the required Fig. 2 A3 of the passive diffused air type FCB module of Figure 12, and provide electric connector 661A-661D, be used for setting up with the first, second, third and the 4th electric connector 645,646,656 and 657 respectively electrically contacting, these electric connectors are associated with this target box and double-sided metal fuel card; The 2nd PC plate 662 is used to support a pair of power output end 663 and for realizing output shown in Fig. 2 A3 configuration subsystem, power output control subsystem and the necessary circuit of other subsystems again; A pair of power output port 664A and 664B are used for partly stretching out power output end 663 on the 2nd PC circuit board 662 through lower house; With flexible circuit 628, be used between the first and second PC plates 660 and 662, setting up electrical connection.
As shown in figure 13, the first negative electrode box 642B comprises the supporting frame with a plurality of grooves, and each groove all has the bottom support surface of perforation, shown in Fig. 4 A6.Each cathode assembly and the electrolyte injection pad that are installed in the groove can constitute as described above.When the negative electrode box being connected slidably (or falling into) and be inserted into first holding tank of the lower house part that is formed on metal-air FCB power generation module, the conductive component that negative electrode box 642B goes up related with first connector 645 location, edge engages and is arranged on each the related conductive component of the first connector 661A on the PC plate 660.Similarly, the second negative electrode box 642A comprises the supporting frame with a plurality of grooves, and each groove all has the bottom support surface of perforation, shown in Fig. 4 A6.Each cathode assembly and the electrolyte injection pad that are installed in the groove can constitute as described above.When the second negative electrode box being connected slidably (or falling into) and be inserted into second holding tank of the upper case portion that is formed on metal-air FCB power generation module, the conductive component that negative electrode box 642A goes up related with second connector 646 location, edge engages and is arranged on each the related conductive component of the second connector 661B on the PC plate 660.
Best, when tray salver and metal fuel being clamped when being downloaded in the module housing, each all is suitable for the outer edge part 666B of the outer edge part 666A of negative electrode box and metal fuel card and module housing forms hermetic seal, as shown in figure 12.This will be avoided electrolyte to volatilize before discharge operation.Optionally, the little holder of the solution made by water or electrolyte can be encapsulated in the support plate of each negative electrode box 642A and 642B, and the microguide through forming along the negative electrode box-shaped structure is distributed to electrolyte pad.Can be in the side of electrolyte feed contacting metal fuel card from negative electrode box rat, thus when metal fuel being clamped when being downloaded in the FCB module, the metal fuel card applies power for this projection.This bulge-structure is similar to the spherical structure that is arranged on by to the extruding of giver action the time in the conventional apparatus of saline solns being clicked and entered and spreading in the human eye.When during discharge operation, consuming electrolyte, by by the metal fuel card target structure applied pressure that is loaded in the FCB module, with other electrolyte automatically the electrolyte reservoir from the negative electrode box extract out.What however, it should be understood that is that the dielectric mode of ion guide is set between each cathode assembly and metal fuel parts in the FCB module to be had multiple.These substitute technologies can comprise ionic conductive polymer, and they have design cycle about 20 the later metal fuel cards that just need replace in useful life.Even in these embodiments, may wish on the interface between anode and the ionic conduction medium, to provide the H of q.s 2O.Above-mentioned liquid distribution technology can be used under these situations.
Because the FCB power generation module of Figure 12 utilizes the multi-part cathode/anode structure, therefore, can produce and be subjected to its output electrical power of the different output voltage ranges of configuration subsystem control again.In the preferred embodiment, the multiposition switches 668 by being positioned at the module housing outside is selected the output voltage of FCB generation modules, shown in Fig. 7 A and 9.
Although not shown, in packing/mechanized operation and storage and between the operating period after sale, can will (a pair of) replacement negative electrode box 642A and 642B and a plurality of metal fuel card 641 remain in the storage device.Be similar in structure shown in Figure 10, storage device is implemented as the form of box like structure, or the file as shown in Figure 11 A.Holding device will have a plurality of grooves, be used for accepting slidably and keep this to (replacement) negative electrode box and a plurality of (charging) metal fuel card, to use in the FCB of Figure 12 A power generation module.Storage container can be made by plastics or other electrically non-conductive materials.Each metal fuel card can be encapsulated in the encapsulating materials such as non-conductive paper tinsel, to prevent before being loaded into the FCB module oxidation and to contact with external environment condition.Similarly, replace the negative electrode box and can be encapsulated in the materials similar, with the electrolyte volatilization that prevents to inject in the cathode construction.
In each above-mentioned FCB power generation module, the metal fuel card has been installed in the anode contact structures that are formed at module or the groove between the cathode construction (aperture in module housing), and is similar to that employed pcmcia card utilizes frictional force to remain on its position in the calculating field.It should be understood that and to utilize other mechanisms the metal fuel card to be remained in the module (as, hinged case design, clamping structure, the spring telescoping mechanism etc. of setovering back).
In Figure 14, represented rechargeable metal-air FCB power generation module 670, be used for more high power applications, at this moment, may wish to make the user to select when needed the metal fuel card is recharged, or take out the fuel card (operating or discharge) of discharge to be used for recharging of future, replace these cards with the metal fuel card of charging then.Be noted that the decision that the metal fuel card was recharged or replaced them depends on situation at that time.
Usually, the FCB module of Figure 14 comprises firm housing, this housing comprise lower house part 671A and can hingedly be connected to lower house part or be slidingly attached to the lower house part on/lid housing parts 671B.The cover of this housing has several ventilative panel 672A, 672B and 672C, is used to make surrounding air freely to be diffused into enclosure interior with by cathode construction consumption, preferably stops moisture content to flow in the external environment condition simultaneously.Can utilize various types of stopping/gas permeable material such as TYVEK material to constitute these panels.
In the exemplary embodiment of Figure 14,5 commingle dischargings/recharge header structure assembly is removably mounted in the quick buckle track (snap-in track) 673 that forms along the bottom surface of lower part of frame.Each discharge/recharge the header structure assembly comprises a target box 642A and 642B and single double-sided metal fuel card 641, and they are arranged in the FCB module of Figure 12 A. Negative electrode box 642A and 642B with also be installed in the cathode construction lower housing portion vertical with the metal fuel card in PC plate 676 on electric connector interconnect.This PC plate also supports to realizing the necessary circuit of various subsystems shown in Fig. 2 A3 and the 2B3 in conjunction with discharging and recharging operator scheme.In addition, double-sided metal fuel card 641 be arranged on shown in electric connector 677 on the PC plate 676 interconnect.Can utilize simple grafting operation to take out each cathode construction and metal fuel card, this class of operation is similar to random-access memory (ram) is installed in operation in the personal computer.Each at interval support 179A and 179B guaranteed in the tray salver between PC plate 676 and the PC plate 676 the insertion card aim at.
Shown in Figure 14 and 14A, a pair of power output end 680 is arranged on the PC plate 676 and extends to the outside of module housing by hole 681, to be connected to the supply unit of output voltage in accordance with regulations.The physique structure of power output end 680 can be suitable for application-specific at that time.Can be chosen in voltage on the power output end by the multiposition switches 685 that is installed in the module housing outside.
Also a pair of input power end 683 is arranged on the PC plate 676, and through the aperture 684 outsides that reach module housing, recharge the power supply (not shown) to be connected to what specific input voltage provided the DC power supply.Usually, recharge known AC-DC transducer realization in power utilization this area.Optionally, if the application scenario demand is arranged, then this AC-DC transducer can directly be included in the FCB power generation module of Figure 14, recharges operation thereby utilize 110 volts (AC) to carry out, and does not utilize external AC-DC transducer.The body configuration of input power end is applicable to current application-specific.When hope sticks into row when recharging to being loaded into metal fuel in the FCB power generation module, the user only manually selects to be positioned at outside switch (not shown) simply, and provides electrical power to input power end 683, thereby can recharge the pattern operation.The degree that recharges that indicator light is illustrated in any moment metal fuel card can be set.
In alternate embodiment, can change the FCB module of Figure 14, to utilize the single face metal fuel card shown in Fig. 8 C.This just needn't use a target box of each metal fuel card, so that increase the power output capacity of FCB module.
Above-mentioned metal-air FCB power generation module can directly apply to portable electric appts, as cell phone and notebook.For notebook, the time that this module can continued operation is 24 hours, and under the portable phone situation, then longer.With different designs and geometrical construction, this zinc air technology is bi-directional scaling fully, and from milliwatt watch cell and portable electric appts power supply, several megawatts in electric tool, motor vehicle, public power station are used.Cheap, the safety and renewable of this technology, the scope of application is wide.
The application of FCB subsystem of the present invention
Usually, any above-mentioned FCB system can integrate with other subsystems, so that provide electrical power to produce system (or power station), wherein utilizes the real-time management of intrasystem metal fuel card, satisfy the peak power requirement of AC and/or DC electric loading, do not sacrifice reliability or operating efficiency simultaneously.
In order to explain, electrical power of the present invention produces system 700 and is shown among Figure 15 A, it is placed in electronic transportation system or vehicle 701, it is implemented as load (for example, the motor) vehicle of AC known in the one or more this areas of utilizing of electric automobile, train, truck, motorcycle or any other type and/or DC power supply.In Figure 15, demonstrate electrical power generation system 700 and be implemented as stationary electric power plant.Under every kind of configuring condition, demonstrate power generation system 700 and have auxiliary and AC-battery power source 702,703 and 704 (704 ') that is connected to it.Generally, electrical power produces system 700 can be configured to produce DC power, offering the one or more DC type electric loadings 702 as shown in Figure 15 A, or produces AC power, to offer the one or more AC type electric loadings shown in Figure 15 B.Each embodiment in these system embodiments will be described below.
Shown in Figure 16 A, first embodiment that electrical power produces system 700 comprises: output DC power bus-bar structure is used for the DC electrical power is offered a plurality of electric loading 707A-707D that connect; Metal-air FCB (son) grid 708A to 708D, its each utilize its power output control subsystem 151 (shown in Fig. 2 A3) but be connected to DC power bus-bar structure 706 with mode of operation, thereby DC is provided electrical power can for DC power bus-bar structure; But output voltage control subsystem 709 formulas are connected to DC power bus-bar structure 706 with mode of operation, its output voltage of application controls (adjusting); Load detecting circuit 710 is connected to output DC power bus-bar structure 706, is used to detect the real-time load condition along the DC power bus-bar, and produces the input signal of expression along the load condition of DC power bus-bar structure; Network control subsystem (for example, RAM/ROM/EPROM) 711, the operation that is used for controlling each FCB subsystem of this network (for example, respectively by discharging/control the parameter of discharging/recharge during recharging operator scheme, and compile metal fuel and metal oxide designation data from specific FCB subsystem in real time); FCB subsystem controls bus structures 712, but it is connected to each FCB subsystem 708A to 708H by its I/O subsystem 152 with mode of operation, and be used for the metal fuel designation data is sent to network control subsystem 711 from the FCB subsystem, and produce operating period at power, control signal is sent to the FCB subsystem from network control subsystem 711; Based on network metal fuel ADMINISTRATION SUBSYSTEM (for example, related type data base management system) 713, but be connected to network control subsystem 711 with mode of operation, be used for the amount of storage representation along the metal fuel (and metal oxide) of each zone appearance in each metal fuel road in each the FCB subsystem between bus (bus) structure 706 and 712 that is connected this system; Input DC power bus-bar structure 714 is used for will offering FCB subsystem 707A-707H from DC power auxiliary and AC-battery power source 702,703,704 and 704 ' generation during recharging; With input voltage control subsystem 715, be used to control input voltage along input DC power bus-bar structure 714.
Usually, any FCB subsystem disclosed herein can be linked into above-mentioned electric power network.By its I/O subsystem (152 shown in Fig. 2 A3) is connected to FCB subsystem controls bus structures 712, and its power output control subsystem (151 shown in Fig. 2 A3) is connected to DC power bus-bar structure 706, can realize the access of each FCB subsystem simply.In addition, each FCB subsystem comprises that metal fuel recharges subsystem 117, is used under the overall control of network control subsystem 711 the metal fuel road being recharged.
Represented among Figure 16 B that electrical power of the present invention produces an alternate embodiment of system.In this alternate embodiment, between output DC power bus-bar structure 706 and output AC power bus-bar structure 717, a DC-DC power transfer subsystem 716 is set, but, a plurality of AC type electric loading 707A and 707D is connected to this subsystem with mode of operation.In this alternate embodiment of the present invention, the DC power that offers DC power bus-bar structure 706 is converted into AC power supplies, and this power supply is provided for AC power bus-bar structure 717 again.For along AC power bus-bar structure 171 control output voltage, output voltage control unit 709 is set.The AC power that flows to AC bus structure 717 is provided for the AC electric loading that is connected to it.
In the preferred embodiment, metal fuel ADMINISTRATION SUBSYSTEM 713 comprises an associated data base management system, it comprises the device that is used to keep a plurality of data forms, and these data forms comprise the information of expression along each regional available metal fuel (metal oxide appearance) amount in each the metal fuel road in each FCB subsystem in the electrical power generation system.In Figure 16 C, these data forms have been described schematically.When from each FCB subsystem generation electrical power, during discharge mode, in each subsystem, automatically produce the metal fuel designation data, data appear and produce metal oxide during recharging operator scheme.These data are sent to based on network metal fuel ADMINISTRATION SUBSYSTEM 713.The details of the information field of these forms is shown among Fig. 2 A15, as mentioned above.
In many application, may wish to manage the consumption of metal fuel among each FCB subsystem 707A to 707D, thereby in these FCB subsystems each has the available metal fuel of substantially the same amount in each moment.The balanced principle of this metal fuel is realized by these following function by network control subsystem 711: the actual loading state that (1) detects along DC power bus-bar structure load detecting subsystem 710; (2), make specific FCB subsystem (708A-708B) produce electrical power, and this electrical power is offered output DC power bus-bar structure 706 in response to detected load condition; (3) utilize based on network metal fuel management (database) subsystem 713, manage the availability of metal fuel in these FCB subsystems and the appearance of metal oxide; (4) selectively the metal fuel road in the selected FCB subsystem is discharged (and, in addition its metal oxide is recharged selectively), thereby according to the metal fuel availability in average time balanced basically each FCB subsystem.Can utilize direct mode programming technique known in the calculating field to realize this method.
Can come to understand best to make network control subsystem 711 to carry out the advantage that " metal fuel equilibrium " to each FCB subsystem brought by way of example with reference to Figure 17.
Usually, the amount of electrical power that is produced by its power-supply system depends on the required amount of electrical power of electric loading that is connected to this system.According to the present invention, by under the control of network control subsystem 711 of programming, making additional metal-air FCB subsystem produce electrical power and this electrical power being offered output power bus structure 706 (or under the AC loading condition 717), realize increasing from the electrical power of this system's output.For example, consider that power-supply system is connected with the situation of 8 FCB subsystems between its DC power bus-bar structure 706 and FCB subsystem controls bus structures 712.In this example, with each FCB subsystem 707A to 708D metaphor " power cylinder " that be considered as in can the power set of work done be useful.Therefore, consider that electrical power of the present invention produces the situation of system (or power station), 8 the FCB subsystems (that is, power cylinder) that wherein fit together are comprised in the structure in the vehicle such as electric automobile, shown in Figure 15 A.In this case, can depend on the electric loading that is added on the power station plant that is installed on the automobile 701 at the number that any moment produces the FCB subsystem (that is power cylinder) of electrical power.Therefore, when automobile when a smooth vertical road surface moves or is traveling on the downhill path, can understand network control subsystem 711 and only start one or several FCB subsystem (promptly, power cylinder), and when being traveling in upward trend or surpassing another automobile, subsystem starts a plurality of or whole FCB subsystems (that is, power cylinder), so that satisfy by the determined demand of these service conditionss.No matter how be added in load condition that electrical power on the vehicle produces system, according to the balanced principle of above-mentioned metal fuel, the metal fuel mean consumption rate among each metal-air FCB subsystem 708A to 708H will equate basically according to average time.Thereby according to average time, the metal fuel amount that network control subsystem 711 will can be used for discharging in each FCB subsystem 708A to 708H remains equal substantially.
In this alternate embodiment, this 11 execution control and treatment (that is, algorithm) of network control bus, it is designed to receive various input parameters, and produces various output parameters, thus control procedure of the present invention is automatically carried out.Input parameter in the control procedure about: (ⅰ) by be installed in load detecting subsystem 710 on the motor vehicle or other sensor to load condition (as, the RPM of motor, the speed of a motor vehicle etc.); (ⅱ) along each the regional available metal fuel quantity of metal fuel in each metal-air FCB subsystem; (ⅲ) along each the regional metal oxide appearance amount of metal fuel in each metal-air FCB subsystem; (ⅳ) with the related discharge parameter of each metal-air FCB subsystem; (ⅴ) related with each the metal-air FCB subsystem parameter (when wherein being provided with when recharging pattern) that recharges.The parameter that output parameter in this control procedure comprises is used for control: (ⅰ) any moment during discharge operation should start where organize metal-air FCB subsystem; (ⅱ) in any moment, should discharge in which metal fuel zone in the metal-air FCB subsystem that is started; (ⅲ) in any moment, discharge parameter how in the metal-air FCB of each startup subsystem how; (ⅳ) in any moment that recharges operation, should start and where organize metal-air FCB subsystem; (ⅴ) in any moment, which metal fuel zone should recharge in the metal-air FCB subsystem that is started; (ⅵ),, start in metal-air FCB subsystem, how to control and recharge parameter at each in any moment.Network control subsystem 711 can utilize the microcomputer that is programmed to direct mode execution above-mentioned functions to realize.Network control subsystem can plain mode be inserted in host computer system (as, vehicle 701).
Be noted that in the exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 15 A to 16B each metal-air FCB subsystem 708A to 708H has the discharge mode operation and recharges the pattern operation.Therefore, when corresponding metal air FCB subsystem not when its discharge (power generation) pattern operating period starts, electrical power of the present invention produces system (that is power station) and can institute's favored area of metal fuel (card) be recharged.According to this aspect of the present invention, can utilize the accessory power supply shown in Figure 15 A and the 15B (as, alternating current generator, the power supply of fixed power source etc.) 702,703 and/or mixed type Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) electricity (as, photocell, thermal cell device etc.) 704,704 ', produce the electrical power of the input DC power bus-bar structure 714 that offers the system shown in Figure 16 A.Be noted that, during the recharging of the FCB subsystem that is being started, input DC power bus-bar structure 714 is designed to receive the DC electrical power from auxiliary or mixed type power supply 702,703,704 and 704 ', and provide it to the metal fuel of inserting in the metal-air FCB subsystem 708A to 708H that is started and recharge subsystem 117, to carry out discharge operation, and host computer system (as, automobile) 711 is in motion or inactive state, decides by situation.When the metal fuel card is recharged during stationary vehicle, can be used as input by the electrical power of fixed power source (as, supply socket) and offer input DC power bus-bar structure 714, be used for the metal fuel of the FCB subsystem that started is recharged.
Although described various aspects of the present invention above in detail, these exemplary embodiments are made amendment when it should be understood that the one of ordinary skilled in the art will openly be easy to according to the present invention.All such modifications and variation all are considered to fall in the scope of the invention and design that is limited by appended claims of the present invention.

Claims (194)

1. a metal air fuel cell group system comprises a subsystem, is used for automatically a plurality of metal fuel cards being sent to described system and discharges.
2. metal air fuel cell group system comprises:
One subsystem is used for a plurality of metal fuels are clamped and is downloaded to described system, and described metal fuel card is discharged simultaneously, so that produce and provide electrical power on the electric loading of described system being connected to.
3. metal air fuel cell group system comprises:
One subsystem is used for a plurality of metal fuels are clamped the described system that is downloaded to, and described metal fuel card is recharged simultaneously, so that will convert virgin metal fuel along the metal oxide of each metal fuel card to, to reuse during discharge operation.
4. metal air fuel cell group system comprises:
One or more subsystems are used for the metal fuel card that is loaded in described system is discharged simultaneously and recharges.
5. system comprises:
One subsystem is used for automatically a plurality of metal fuels being clamped the described system that is downloaded to, and recharges (that is reduction) finishing and afterwards, automatically discharge described metal fuel by it.
6. metal air fuel cell group system comprises:
One subsystem is used for a plurality of metal fuels are clamped and is downloaded to described system, and described metal fuel card is discharged simultaneously, so that produce and provide electrical power on the electric loading of described system being connected to.
7. metal air fuel cell group system comprises:
One subsystem is used for a plurality of metal fuels are clamped the described system that is downloaded to, and described metal fuel card is recharged simultaneously, so that will convert virgin metal fuel along the metal oxide of described metal fuel card to, to reuse during discharge operation.
8. metal fuel card comprises:
The groove of a plurality of spatial separation, its each support a metal fuel bar, and an aperture and the anode contact electrode in being formed on groove bottom electrically contacts when making it in being loaded onto the metal air fuel cell group system.
9. metal air fuel cell group system comprises: tray salver class cassette arrangement, have the inner space of separation, be used for will (again) charging and the metal fuel card of discharge be stored in the independent storage compartments that is formed in the described tray salver class cassette arrangement.
10. metal air fuel cell group head that is used for jointing metal fuel comprises:
Non-conductive negative electrode subsumption architecture has planar top surface and a plurality of grooves is arranged in the bottom surface;
Ventilative negative electrode in each groove;
A plurality of apertures extend to groove on the bottom surface through the negative electrode subsumption architecture from top surface, so that air flows is to these grooves and the ventilative negative electrode that wherein comprises;
A plurality of electric conducting materials are rectangular, and one of rectangular and ventilative negative electrode electrically contacts, and make to contact with each cathodic electricity, thereby provide independent conductive path from each negative electrode of described, to use in described fuel battery.
11. the metal air fuel cell group head that is used for jointing metal fuel as claimed in claim 10, wherein,
The groove that is placed on the described ventilative negative electrode is filled up in the injection of one electrolyte, contact with the electrolyte of negative electrode with maintenance.
12. the metal air fuel cell group head that is used for jointing metal fuel as claimed in claim 11, wherein,
Described a plurality of groove is a rectangle.
13. a metal air fuel cell group head that is used for jointing metal fuel, wherein,
Described a plurality of groove is a parallel strip.
14. the metal air fuel cell group head that is used for jointing metal fuel as claimed in claim 10, wherein,
One oxygen sensor is placed on each groove, to measure the appearance of oxygen.
15. the metal air fuel cell group head that is used for jointing metal fuel as claimed in claim 10, wherein,
Described negative electrode subsumption architecture has the slidably plate in a plurality of apertures, when air during through described negative electrode subsumption architecture, aim at described a plurality of apertures through the top of described negative electrode subsumption architecture, and move with the time when described plate with the misalignment of described aperture, described plate moves with respect to described negative electrode subsumption architecture slidably, thus misalignment of described aperture and cut-out air-flow.
16. the metal air fuel cell group head that is used for jointing metal fuel as claimed in claim 10, wherein,
One housing has a plurality of air flow chamber, is attached to the top of described negative electrode subsumption architecture, air being imported in each in described a plurality of groove,
One fan is blown into air in the described housing, and the aperture thereby air is flowed through in the described negative electrode subsumption architecture flows to the air-flow of described ventilative negative electrode with increase.
17. the metal air fuel cell group head that is used for jointing metal fuel as claimed in claim 12, wherein,
One metal fuel jig has the electrically non-conductive material substrate, it is attached with the metal fuel of a plurality of rectangle parts, described rectangle part on the described card is the mirror image of the negative electrode rectangle part on the described head, thereby described metal fuel rectangle part and have the negative electrode of electrolyte rectangle part can be aligned with each other and contact with each other, to form a plurality of metal fuel battery group pool units
A plurality of electric conducting materials are rectangular, a formation in rectangular and described a plurality of metal fuel rectangle part electrically contacts, electrically contact to form with each described metal fuel rectangle part respectively, thereby provide the conductive path of each metal fuel square from the described card, in described fuel battery, to use.
18. the metal air fuel cell group head that is used for jointing metal fuel as claimed in claim 13, wherein,
One metal fuel jig has the electrically non-conductive material substrate, it is attached with the metal fuel of a plurality of parallel strips, described on the described card is the mirror image of the cathode strip on the described head, thereby described metal fuel bar and have the negative electrode of electrolyte bar can be aligned with each other and contact with each other, to form a plurality of metal fuel battery group pool units, a plurality of electric conducting materials are rectangular, a formation in rectangular and described a plurality of metal fuel bar electrically contacts, electrically contact to form with each described metal fuel bar respectively, thereby provide the conductive path of each metal fuel bar from the described card, in described fuel battery, to use.
19. the metal air fuel cell group head that is used for jointing metal fuel as claimed in claim 13, wherein,
Metal fuel material, has the electrically non-conductive material substrate, it is attached with the metal fuel of a plurality of parallel strips, this with on described be the mirror image of the cathode strip on the described head, thereby described metal fuel bar and have the negative electrode of electrolyte bar can be aligned with each other and contact with each other, to form a plurality of metal fuel battery group pool units, a plurality of electric conducting materials are rectangular, a formation in rectangular and a plurality of described metal fuel bar electrically contacts, electrically contact to form with each described metal fuel bar respectively, thereby provide the conductive path of each metal fuel bar from the described card, in described fuel battery, to use.
20. the metal air fuel cell group head that is used for jointing metal fuel as claimed in claim 19, wherein,
Described metal fuel material can transmit with respect to described head, continuously the metal fuel feed is offered described fuel battery.
21. the metal air fuel cell group head that is used for jointing metal fuel as claimed in claim 17, wherein,
When the metal fuel oxidation on the described metal fuel card, by the described metal fuel card of extraction in the described head, and for described head provides a new metal fuel card, continuously the metal fuel feed is offered described fuel battery.
22. the metal air fuel cell group head that is used for jointing metal fuel as claimed in claim 18, wherein,
When the metal fuel oxidation on the described metal fuel card, by the described metal fuel card of extraction in the described head, and for described head provides a new metal fuel card, continuously the metal fuel feed is offered described fuel battery.
23. the metal air fuel cell group head that is used for jointing metal fuel as claimed in claim 18, wherein,
When the metal fuel oxidation on the described metal fuel card, in described, automatically extract described metal fuel card out, and for described head provides a new metal fuel card, continuously the metal fuel feed is offered described fuel battery.
24. a metal air fuel cell group head that is used for jointing metal fuel comprises:
Non-conductive negative electrode subsumption architecture has a flat top surface and have a plurality of grooves on the bottom surface;
A plurality of apertures extend to groove on the bottom surface through described negative electrode subsumption architecture from top surface, so that the ventilative negative electrode that air flows through described groove and wherein comprises;
Negative electrode-electrolyte injects pad, is placed in the groove of described ventilative negative electrode, with electrically contacting of maintenance and described negative electrode;
A plurality of electric conducting materials are rectangular, one of rectangular and a plurality of ventilative negative electrodes electrically contact, and extend to the top of described cathode supporting structure, make to contact with each cathodic electricity respectively, thereby provide independent conductive path from each negative electrode of described head, in described fuel battery, to use.
25. the metal air fuel cell group head that is used for jointing metal fuel as claimed in claim 24, wherein,
One oxygen sensor is placed on each groove, to measure the appearance of oxygen.
26. the metal air fuel cell group head that is used for jointing metal fuel as claimed in claim 25, wherein,
One plate, have a plurality of apertures, when air is flowed through described negative electrode subsumption architecture, aim at the pore on the top, described a plurality of aperture through described negative electrode subsumption architecture, and move with the time when described plate with the misalignment of described aperture, described plate moves with respect to described negative electrode subsumption architecture slidably, thus misalignment of described aperture and cut-out air-flow.
27. the metal air fuel cell group head that is used for jointing metal fuel as claimed in claim 26, wherein,
One fan is blown into air in the described aperture, flows to the air-flow of described ventilative negative electrode with increase.
28. the metal air fuel cell group head that is used for jointing metal fuel as claimed in claim 27, wherein,
Groove on the described negative electrode subsumption architecture bottom surface is a rectangle.
29. the metal air fuel cell group head that is used for jointing metal fuel as claimed in claim 28, wherein,
Groove on the described negative electrode subsumption architecture bottom surface is a parallel strip.
30. a metal fuel card comprises:
Non-conductive substrate;
At least one metal fuel part be attached at least one side of described substrate, thereby described metal fuel partly exposes a surface, is used for contacting with an electrolyte with a negative electrode, to form the battery cell unit.
31. metal fuel card as claimed in claim 30, wherein,
One aperture is arranged on the non-conductive substrate, so that described metal fuel part electrically contacts with an electric conducting material, is used to be provided to described metal fuel part or from the electronics flow passage of described metal fuel part.
32. a metal fuel card comprises:
Non-conductive substrate;
At least one metal fuel part is attached at least one side of described substrate;
At least one electric conducting material on the described substrate, partly electrically contact with each metal fuel respectively, be used for conduct charges, thus at described electric conducting material with between second electric conducting material on the described metal fuel card, do not set up contact, be used for to or transmit electric current from described metal fuel card.
33. metal fuel card as claimed in claim 32, wherein,
Described metal fuel partly is a rectangle, and spaced apart, thereby they are electrically isolated from one.
34. metal fuel card as claimed in claim 39, wherein,
Described non-conductive substrate is the one piece material with two opposing flat surfaces, and described metal fuel is attached on described two opposing flat surfaces.
35. metal fuel card as claimed in claim 32, wherein,
Described metal fuel partly is a bar, and spaced apart, thereby they are electrically isolated from one.
36. metal fuel card as claimed in claim 35, wherein,
Described non-conductive substrate is the one piece material with two opposing flat surfaces, and described metal fuel partly is attached on described two opposing flat surfaces.
37. metal fuel card as claimed in claim 36, wherein,
On the substrate between the described metal fuel bar, place an electric isolated material, so that described metal fuel bar is isolated from each other.
38. a metal fuel card comprises:
Non-conductive substrate;
One electric conducting material substrate is attached at least one side of described substrate;
At least one metal fuel partly is attached in the described electric conducting material substrate, thereby described metal fuel has good electrical contact, is used for transmitting electronics or transmitting electronics from described metal fuel to described metal fuel through described electric conducting material substrate.
39. metal fuel card as claimed in claim 38, wherein,
Aperture on the described non-conductive substrate makes described electric conducting material substrate and one second electric conducting material electrically contact, and is used to be provided to described metal fuel part or from the electronics flow passage of described metal fuel part.
40. metal fuel card as claimed in claim 38, wherein,
At least one conductive lead wire on the described substrate and described electric conducting material substrate electrically contact respectively, be used for by its conduct charges, thereby contact with between the electric contact on the described card, not setting up at described conductive lead wire, be used for transmitting electric current to described metal fuel card or from described metal fuel card.
41. metal fuel card as claimed in claim 38, wherein,
Described non-conductive substrate has two opposing flat surfaces, and the electric conducting material that has metal fuel on it partly is attached on described two relative flat table surfaces.
42. metal fuel card as claimed in claim 41, wherein,
At least one conductive lead wire on the described substrate and described electric conducting material substrate electrically contact respectively, be used for by its conduct charges, thereby contact with between the electric contact on the described card, not setting up at described conductive lead wire, be used for transmitting electric current to described metal fuel card or from described metal fuel card.
43. metal fuel card as claimed in claim 42, wherein,
Metal fuel on the described electric conducting material part partly is a bar, and spaced apart, thereby electrically isolated from one.
44. metal fuel card as claimed in claim 43, wherein,
Has insulating material between each metal fuel bar on the described electric conducting material part, so that they are electrically isolated from one.
45. metal fuel card as claimed in claim 40, wherein,
The bar that has on it on electric conducting material part of metal fuel is spaced apart, so that they are electrically isolated from one.
46. metal fuel card as claimed in claim 35, wherein,
Has insulating material between each of the described electric conducting material part that has metal fuel on it, so that they are electrically isolated from one.
47. metal fuel card as claimed in claim 40, wherein,
One metal fuel cartridge is set, and it has a plurality of compartments, is used to keep the metal fuel card, thereby preserves described metal fuel card, is used until them.
48. metal fuel card as claimed in claim 47, wherein,
Described metal fuel cartridge is attached to a metal air fuel cell group, is used to described fuel battery that the metal fuel card is provided.
49. metal fuel card as claimed in claim 48, wherein,
Described metal fuel card automatically is loaded into described fuel battery.
50. metal fuel card as claimed in claim 50, wherein,
One metal fuel cartridge is set, and it has a plurality of grooves, is used to comprise the metal fuel card, and described box also has accessory plug, be used for described card on the bar of electric conducting material electrically contact, thereby electric current flows to described box from described card,
Have printed circuit that is used for conduction current and the switching device shifter that is used for making up selectively from the power of each metal fuel part on each metal fuel card in the described box, thereby in box, select the power output of required voltage and amperage.
51. metal fuel card as claimed in claim 42, wherein,
One metal fuel cartridge is set, and it has a plurality of grooves, is used to comprise the metal fuel card, and described box also has accessory plug, be used for described card on the bar of electric conducting material electrically contact, thereby electric current flows to described box from described card,
Have printed circuit that is used for conduction current and the switching device shifter that is used for making up selectively from the power of each metal fuel part on each metal fuel card in the described box, thereby in box, select the power output of required voltage and amperage.
52. the metal air fuel cell group system with discharge operation pattern comprises:
The metal fuel generator, be used to provide metal fuel material, during described discharge operation pattern, to produce electrical power, wherein, described metal fuel material has a plurality of zones or the subarea of dividing along described metal fuel material, and each described zone marks with a code;
Code reading device is used for the described regional interdischarge interval during described discharge operation pattern, reads along the described digital code in each described zone of described metal fuel;
Parameter detection device is used for the regional interdischarge interval of each the described metal fuel material during described discharge operation pattern, detects one group of discharge parameter;
Parameter processing apparatus is used to handle detected described group of discharge parameter on the described zone of each described metal fuel material, and produces the control data signal that is used to control one or more discharge parameters when the discharge of described zone.
53. metal air fuel cell group system as claimed in claim 52, wherein, described group of detected discharge parameter is recorded in the memory, and reads from it during the discharge operation pattern and handle.
54. metal air fuel cell group system as claimed in claim 52, wherein, described code is a digital code.
55. metal air fuel cell group system as claimed in claim 52, wherein, described digital code detects with optical mode.
56. metal air fuel cell group system as claimed in claim 55, wherein, described digital code is a bar code symbol.
57. metal air fuel cell group system as claimed in claim 56, wherein, described digital code detects in the magnetic mode.
58. metal air fuel cell group system as claimed in claim 52, wherein, the zone of each described metal fuel material has a plurality of metal fuels road;
Wherein, during the discharge operation pattern, described parameter detection device detects along one group of discharge parameter in each metal fuel road in the zone of each described metal fuel material; With
Wherein, the interdischarge interval in the zone of the described metal fuel material during the discharge operation pattern, described code reading device read the described digital code along each described zone.
59. metal air fuel cell group system as claimed in claim 52, wherein, metal fuel material is to realize with the form of metal fuel band.
60. metal air fuel cell group system as claimed in claim 52, wherein, described metal fuel material is to realize with the form of metal fuel card or sheet.
61. metal air fuel cell group system as claimed in claim 52, wherein, described parameter processing apparatus is handled detected described group of discharge parameter on the zone of each described metal fuel material, and when the discharge of described zone, produce the control data signal that is used to control one or more discharge parameters, so that make the zone discharge of described metal fuel with time and/or energy-conservation effective and efficient manner.
62. metal air fuel cell group system with the operator scheme of recharging, comprise: the metal fuel generator, be used to provide metal fuel material, to charge during recharging operator scheme described, wherein, described metal fuel material has a plurality of zones or the subarea of dividing along described metal fuel material, and each described zone marks with a code;
Code reading device during being used for described zone during recharging operator scheme and recharging, reads along the described digital code in each described zone of described metal fuel;
Parameter detection device is used for the regional interdischarge interval in described each described metal fuel material during recharging operator scheme, detects one group and recharges parameter;
Parameter processing apparatus is used to handle on the zone of each described metal fuel material detected described group and recharges parameter, and produces when recharging in described zone and be used to control one or more parameter control data-signals that recharge.
63. metal air fuel cell group system as claimed in claim 62, wherein, described group detected recharges reference record in memory, and reads from it during recharging operator scheme and handle.
64. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 63, wherein, described code is a digital code.
65. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 64, wherein, described digital code detects with optical mode.
66. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 65, wherein, described digital code is a bar code symbol.
67. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 66, wherein, described digital code detects in the magnetic mode.
68. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 67, wherein, the zone of each described metal fuel material has a plurality of metal fuels road;
Wherein, during recharging operator scheme, described parameter detection device detects along one group of each metal fuel road in the zone of each described metal fuel material and recharges parameter; With
Wherein, during the recharging of the zone of the described metal fuel material during recharging operator scheme, described code reading device reads the described digital code along each described zone.
69. metal air fuel cell group system as claimed in claim 62, wherein, metal fuel material is to realize with the form of metal fuel band.
70. metal air fuel cell group system as claimed in claim 62, wherein, described metal fuel material is to realize with the form of metal fuel card or sheet.
71. metal air fuel cell group system as claimed in claim 62, wherein, described parameter processing apparatus is handled on the zone of each described metal fuel material detected described group and is recharged parameter, and generation is used to control one or more parameter control data-signals that recharge when described zone recharges, so that with time and/or energy-conservation effective and efficient manner the zone of described metal fuel is recharged.
72. a metal air fuel cell group system that has the discharge operation pattern and recharge operator scheme comprises:
The metal fuel generator, be used to provide metal fuel material, to produce electrical power during the described discharge operation pattern and describedly to be used for recharging during recharging operator scheme, wherein, described metal fuel material has a plurality of zones or the subarea of dividing along described metal fuel material length, and each described zone marks with a code;
The discharge parameter checkout gear is used for each the described regional interdischarge interval of the metal fuel material during described discharge operation pattern, detects one group of discharge parameter;
Code reading device, be used for reading along the described digital code in each described zone of described metal fuel at the described regional interdischarge interval during the discharge operation pattern and during the recharging of the described zone of described metal fuel during recharging operation mode;
The discharge parameter tape deck is used to be recorded in detected described group of discharge parameter on each described zone of described metal fuel material, and the discharge parameter group utilization of wherein said record marks the described code mark in described zone;
The discharge parameter reading device is used to read the discharge parameter of described record;
The discharge parameter processing unit, be used to handle the discharge parameter group of the described record that reads from described discharge parameter tape deck, being used to control the described first group of control data signal that recharges parameter described the generation during recharging operator scheme, thus can the time and/or energy-conservation effective and efficient manner the metal fuel material of discharge is recharged;
Recharge parameter detection device, be used for during each described zone of described metal fuel material during recharging operator scheme recharges, detecting one group and recharging parameter;
Recharge data logging plant, be used to be recorded on each described zone of described metal fuel material detected described group and recharge parameter, wherein the discharge parameter group utilization of each described record marks the described code mark in described zone;
Recharge the parameter reading device, be used to read the parameter group that recharges of described record; With
Recharge parameter processing apparatus, be used to handle the parameter group that recharges that recharges described record that data logging plant reads from described, during described discharge operation pattern, producing second group of control data signal being used to control described discharge parameter, thus can the time and/or energy-conservation effective and efficient manner will (again) charging metal fuel material discharge.
73. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 72, wherein, described discharge parameter tape deck and recharge data logging plant and include a storage device.
74. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 72, wherein, described code is a digital code.
75. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 74, wherein, described digital code detects with optical mode.
76. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 74, wherein, described digital code is a bar code symbol.
77. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 74, wherein, described digital code detects in the magnetic mode.
78. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 74, wherein, described discharge parameter processing unit is handled the discharge parameter group of the described record relevant with each zone of metal fuel material, thereby when described zone recharges, determine to offer the amount of electrical power in described zone, and utilize described amount of electrical power to produce described control data signal during recharging operator scheme described.
79. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 72, wherein, the described zone of each of metal fuel material has a plurality of metal fuels road;
Wherein, described discharge parameter checkout gear detects during described discharge operation pattern along one group of discharge parameter in each metal fuel road in each described zone of metal fuel;
Wherein, at the interdischarge interval in the described zone of the described metal fuel during the described discharge operation pattern and during the recharging of the described zone of described described metal fuel during recharging operator scheme, described code reading device reads the described digital code along each described zone;
Wherein, described discharge parameter recording device records is along detected described group of discharge parameter on each metal fuel road in each described zone of metal fuel, and the discharge parameter group utilization of wherein said record marks along the described code in the described metal fuel road in described zone and marks; With
Wherein, described discharge parameter reading device reads the discharge parameter that is recorded in the described data logging plant.
80. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 72, wherein, the described parameter group that recharges that recharges the parameter processing apparatus processing described record relevant with each zone of metal fuel material, thereby determine the metal fuel amount in each described zone now at each described regional interdischarge interval of metal fuel material, and during described discharge operation pattern, utilize the described metal fuel amount that occurs to produce described control data signal.
81. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 72, wherein, the described zone of each of metal fuel material has a plurality of metal fuels road;
Wherein, the described parameter detection device that recharges detects during recharging operator scheme along one group of discharge parameter in the road of each metal fuel in each described zone of metal fuel described;
Wherein, the interdischarge interval in the described zone of the described metal fuel during the recharging of the described zone of described described metal fuel during recharging operator scheme and during described discharge operation pattern, described code reading device reads the described digital code along each described zone;
Wherein, described recharge data logging plant be recorded in along on each metal fuel road in each described zone of metal fuel detected described group recharge parameter, and the parameter group utilization that recharges of wherein said record marks along the described code in the described metal fuel road in described zone and marks; With
Wherein, the described parameter reading device that recharges reads the parameter that recharges that is recorded in the described data logging plant.
82. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 72, wherein, metal fuel material is to realize with the form of metal fuel band.
83. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 72, wherein, described metal fuel material is to realize with the form of metal fuel card or sheet.
84. a metal air fuel cell group system that has the discharge operation pattern and recharge operator scheme comprises:
More than first subsystem, their co-operations, so that during described discharge operation pattern, carry out detection, storage and the processing of discharge parameter, and described utilize described discharge parameter to produce during recharging operator scheme to be used for control recharge the parameter control data-signal; With
More than second subsystem, their co-operations, so that recharge detection, storage and the processing of parameter described during recharging operator scheme, and during described discharge operation pattern, utilize the described parameter that recharges to produce the control data signal that is used to control discharge parameter.
85. a metal air fuel cell group system that has the discharge operation pattern and recharge operator scheme, described metal air fuel cell group system comprises:
Metal fuel discharge actuation mechanism is used for making the metal fuel material discharge during described discharge operation pattern;
Discharge parameter testing agency is used for during described discharge operation pattern, detects discharge parameter, also makes described metal fuel material discharge simultaneously;
The discharge parameter processing mechanism is used for handling detected discharge parameter described during recharging operator scheme, is used to control first control data signal that recharges parameter so that produce;
Metal fuel recharges actuation mechanism, is used for described metal fuel material being recharged described during recharging operator scheme;
Recharge parameter detecting mechanism, be used for described recharge operator scheme during, detect and to recharge parameter, described metal fuel material is recharged; With
Recharge parameter processing apparatus, be used for handling the detected parameter that recharges during recharging operator scheme, so that produce second control data signal that is used to control discharge parameter described.
86. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 85, wherein, described discharge parameter is the key element that goes out from a group selection, is made up of the partial pressure of oxygen in cathode to anode voltage and current value, the discharge negative electrode, relative humidity on negative electrode-electrolyte interface and the speed of available described metal fuel material for described group.
87. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 85, wherein, the described parameter that recharges is the key element that goes out from a group selection, described group by cathode to anode voltage and current value, recharge partial pressure of oxygen in the negative electrode, relative humidity on negative electrode-electrolyte interface and the speed of available described metal fuel material and form.
88., wherein, utilize each described first group of control data signal to control the described parameter that recharges, so that recharge with the described zone of energy-conservation effective means to metal fuel material as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 85.
89., wherein, utilize each described second group of control data signal to control the described parameter that recharges, so that recharge with the described zone of energy-conservation effective means to metal fuel material as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 85.
90. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 85, wherein, the described metal fuel material that be recharged is used for the static and/or swap cathode structure of being utilized in the described metal air fuel cell group system.
91. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 85, wherein, described metal fuel is to realize with the form of metal fuel sheet.
92. metal air fuel cell group system as claimed in claim 40, wherein, described metal fuel band is included in the boxlike storage device.
93. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 85, wherein, described metal fuel material is to realize with the form of metal fuel card or sheet.
94. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 85, wherein, described metal fuel card or sheet are included in the boxlike storage device.
95. the metal air fuel cell group system with discharge operation pattern comprises:
The metal fuel generator, be used to provide metal fuel material, to be used for producing electrical power during described discharge operation pattern, wherein said metal fuel material has a plurality of zones or the subarea of dividing along described metal fuel material, and each described zone marks with a code;
Parameter detection device is used for each the described regional interdischarge interval of the metal fuel material during described discharge operation pattern, detects one group of discharge parameter;
Code reading device is used for the described regional interdischarge interval during the discharge operation pattern, reads along the described code in each described zone of described metal fuel material;
Data logging plant is used to be recorded in detected described group of discharge parameter on each described zone of described metal fuel material, and the discharge parameter group utilization of wherein said record marks the described code mark in described zone;
The parameter reading device is used to read the discharge parameter group of described record; With
Parameter processing apparatus is used to handle the discharge parameter group of the described record that reads from described data logging plant.
96., wherein, during described discharge operation pattern, use the described group of discharge parameter of handling as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 95.
97. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 95, also comprise recharging operator scheme, and wherein use the described group of discharge parameter of handling during recharging operator scheme described.
98. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 95, wherein, described tape deck comprises the storage device with described system relationship.
99. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 95, wherein, described code is a digital code.
100. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 99, wherein, described digital code detects with optical mode.
101. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 99, wherein, described digital code is a bar code symbol.
102. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 99, wherein, described digital code detects in the magnetic mode.
103. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 99, wherein, described parameter processing apparatus is handled the discharge parameter group of the described record relevant with each zone of metal fuel material, thereby determines to offer the amount of electrical power in described zone when described zone recharges.
104. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 95, wherein, the described zone of each of metal fuel material has a plurality of metal fuels road;
Wherein, described parameter detection device detects during described discharge operation pattern along one group of discharge parameter in the road of each metal fuel in each described zone of metal fuel;
Wherein, the interdischarge interval in the described zone of the described metal fuel during described discharge operation pattern, described code reading device read the described digital code along each described zone;
Wherein, described data logging plant is recorded in along detected described group of discharge parameter on each metal fuel road in each described zone of metal fuel, and the discharge parameter group utilization of wherein said record marks along the described code in the described metal fuel road in described zone and marks; With
Wherein, described parameter reading device reads the discharge parameter that is recorded in the described data logging plant.
105. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 95, wherein, metal fuel material is to realize with the form of metal fuel structure.
106. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 95, wherein, metal fuel material is to realize with the form of metal fuel card or sheet.
107. the metal air fuel cell group system with the operator scheme of recharging comprises:
The metal fuel generator, be used for providing metal fuel material to recharge during recharging operator scheme described, wherein said metal fuel material has a plurality of zones or the subarea of dividing along described metal fuel material, and each described zone marks with a code;
Parameter detection device is used for detecting one group and recharging parameter during each described zone of described metal fuel material during recharging operator scheme recharges;
Code reading device is used for during recharging operator scheme, reads the described code in each the described zone that is labeled in described metal fuel material;
Data logging plant is used to be recorded on each described zone of described metal fuel material detected described group and recharges parameter, and wherein each described record recharges the described code mark that the parameter group utilization marks described zone;
The parameter reading device is used to read the parameter group that recharges of described record; With
Parameter processing apparatus is used to handle the parameter group that recharges of the described record that reads from described data logging plant.
108. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 107, wherein, described use during recharging operator scheme described group handled recharge parameter.
109. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 107, also comprise the discharge operation pattern, and wherein during described discharge operation pattern, use described group of putting of handling to recharge parameter.
110. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 107, wherein, each described detected discharge parameter group is stored in the storage device with described system relationship.
111. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 107, wherein, described code is a digital code.
112. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 111, wherein, described digital code detects with optical mode.
113. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 111, wherein, described digital code is a bar code symbol.
114. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 111, wherein, described digital code detects in the magnetic mode.
115. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 107, wherein, described parameter processing apparatus is handled the parameter group that recharges of the described record relevant with each zone of metal fuel material, can be from the amount of electrical power of described zone generation thereby determine when described zone recharges.
116. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 107, wherein, the described zone of each of metal fuel material has a plurality of metal fuels road;
Wherein, described parameter detection device recharges parameter described the detection during recharging operator scheme along one group of the road of each metal fuel in each described zone of metal fuel;
Wherein, during the recharging of the described zone of described described metal fuel during recharging operator scheme, described code reading device reads the described digital code along each described zone;
Wherein, described data logging plant be recorded in along on each metal fuel road in each described zone of metal fuel detected described group recharge parameter, and the parameter group utilization that recharges of wherein said record marks along the described code in the described metal fuel road in described zone and marks; With
Wherein, described parameter reading device reads the parameter that recharges that is recorded in the described data logging plant.
117. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 107, wherein, metal fuel material is to realize with the form of metal fuel structure.
118. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 107, wherein, metal fuel material is to realize with the form of metal fuel card or sheet.
119. a metal air fuel cell group system that has the discharge operation pattern and recharge operator scheme comprises:
The metal fuel generator, be used to provide metal fuel material, to produce electrical power during the described discharge operation pattern and describedly to be used for recharging during recharging operator scheme, wherein, described metal fuel material has a plurality of zones or the subarea of dividing along described metal fuel material, and each described zone marks with a code;
The discharge parameter checkout gear is used for each the described regional interdischarge interval of the metal fuel material during described discharge operation pattern, detects one group of discharge parameter;
Code reading device, be used for reading along the described code in each described zone of described metal fuel at the described regional interdischarge interval during the discharge operation pattern and during the recharging of the described zone of described metal fuel during recharging operation mode;
The discharge parameter tape deck is used to be recorded in detected described group of discharge parameter on each described zone of described metal fuel material, and the discharge parameter group utilization of wherein said record marks the described code mark in described zone;
The discharge parameter reading device is used to read the discharge parameter of described record;
The discharge parameter processing unit is used to handle the discharge parameter group of the described record that reads from described discharge parameter tape deck;
Recharge parameter detection device, be used for during each described zone of described metal fuel material during recharging operator scheme recharges, detecting one group and recharging parameter;
Recharge data logging plant, be used to be recorded on each described zone of described metal fuel material detected described group and recharge parameter, wherein each described record recharges the described code mark that the parameter group utilization marks described zone;
Recharge the parameter reading device, be used to read the parameter that recharges of described record; With
Recharge parameter processing apparatus, be used to handle the parameter group that recharges that recharges described record that data logging plant reads from described.
120., wherein, during described discharge operation pattern, use the discharge parameter group of described processing as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 119.
121. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 119, wherein, in the described discharge parameter group of using described processing during recharging operator scheme.
122. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 119, wherein, in the described parameter group that recharges of using described processing during recharging operator scheme.
123., wherein, during described discharge operation pattern, use the parameter group that recharges of described processing as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 119.
124. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 119, wherein, described discharge parameter tape deck and the described data logging plant that recharges include a storage device.
125. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 119, wherein, described code is a digital code.
126. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 125, wherein, described digital code detects with optical mode.
127. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 125, wherein, described digital code is a bar code symbol.
128. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 125, wherein, described digital code detects in the magnetic mode.
129. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 119, wherein, described discharge parameter processing unit is handled the discharge parameter group of the described record relevant with each zone of metal fuel material, thereby determines to offer the amount of electrical power in described zone when described zone recharges.
130. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 119, wherein, the described zone of each of metal fuel material has a plurality of metal fuels road;
Wherein, described discharge parameter checkout gear detects during described discharge operation pattern along one group of discharge parameter in each metal fuel road in each described zone of metal fuel;
Wherein, at the interdischarge interval in the described zone of the described metal fuel during the described discharge operation pattern and during the recharging of the described zone of described described metal fuel during recharging operator scheme, described code reading device reads the described digital code along each described zone;
Wherein, described discharge parameter recording device records is along detected described group of discharge parameter on each metal fuel road in each described zone of metal fuel, and the discharge parameter group utilization of wherein said record marks along the described code in the described metal fuel road in described zone and marks; With
Wherein, described discharge parameter reading device reads the discharge parameter that is recorded in the described data logging plant.
131. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 117, wherein, the described parameter group that recharges that recharges the parameter processing apparatus processing described record relevant with each zone of metal fuel material, thus determine the metal fuel amount in each described zone now at each described regional interdischarge interval of metal fuel material.
132. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 119, wherein, the described zone of each of metal fuel material has a plurality of metal fuels road;
Wherein, the described parameter detection device that recharges recharges parameter described the detection during recharging operator scheme along one group of the road of each metal fuel in each described zone of metal fuel;
Wherein, the interdischarge interval in the described zone of the described metal fuel during the recharging of the described zone of described described metal fuel during recharging operator scheme and during described discharge operation pattern, described code reading device reads the described code along each described zone;
Wherein, described recharge data logging plant be recorded in along on each metal fuel road in each described zone of metal fuel detected described group recharge parameter, and the parameter group utilization that recharges of wherein said record marks along the described code in the described metal fuel road in described zone and marks; With
Wherein, the described parameter reading device that recharges reads the parameter that recharges that is recorded in the described data logging plant.
133. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 119, wherein, metal fuel material is to realize with the form of metal fuel structure.
134. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 119, wherein, described metal fuel material is to realize with the form of metal fuel card or sheet.
135. a metal air fuel cell group system comprises:
A plurality of subsystems, co-operation every day is so that discharge and recharge detection, storage and the processing of parameter, to use in discharge with during recharging operator scheme.
136. the metal air fuel cell group system with the operator scheme of recharging and discharge operation pattern, described metal air fuel cell group system comprises:
Metal fuel discharge actuation mechanism is used for making the metal fuel material discharge during described discharge operation pattern;
Discharge parameter testing agency is used for during described discharge operation pattern, detects discharge parameter, also makes described metal fuel material discharge simultaneously;
Metal fuel recharges actuation mechanism, is used for described metal fuel material being recharged described during recharging operator scheme; With
Recharge parameter detecting mechanism, be used for described recharge operator scheme during, detect and to recharge parameter, described metal fuel material recharges also the time simultaneously.
137. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 136, wherein, described discharge parameter is the key element that goes out from a group selection, is made up of the partial pressure of oxygen in cathode to anode voltage and current value, the discharge negative electrode, relative humidity on negative electrode-electrolyte interface and the speed of available described metal fuel material for described group.
138. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 136, wherein, the described parameter that recharges is the key element that goes out from a group selection, described group by cathode to anode voltage and current value, recharge partial pressure of oxygen in the negative electrode, relative humidity on negative electrode-electrolyte interface and the speed of available described metal fuel material and form.
139. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 136, wherein, during the discharge operation pattern, automatically detect and write down discharge parameter, and during recharging operator scheme, automatically read and handle, so that metal fuel material is recharged with energy-conservation effective means.
140. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 136, wherein, during the discharge operation pattern, automatically detect, write down and handle discharge parameter, so that make the metal fuel material discharge with energy-conservation effective means.
141. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 136, wherein, the described metal fuel material that be recharged is used for the static and/or swap cathode structure of being utilized in the described metal air fuel cell group system.
142. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 133, wherein, described metal fuel is to realize with the form of metal fuel film.
143. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 142, wherein, described metal fuel film is included in the boxlike storage device.
144. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 136, wherein, described metal fuel material is to realize with the form of metal fuel card or sheet.
145. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 144, wherein, described metal fuel card or sheet are included in the boxlike storage device.
146. a metal air fuel cell group system comprises:
The boxlike storage device has one or more storage compartments, and the metal fuel card or the sheet feed that are used to store one group (again) charging discharge; With
Electric discharge device is used to make the metal fuel card or the sheet discharge of one or more described (again) charging that provides from described boxlike storage device, offers the electrical power of an electric loading with generation.
147. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 146, wherein, described boxlike storage device comprises the inner space of separation, be used for will (again) the metal fuel card of charging and discharge be stored in the independent storage compartments that is formed in the described tray salver class cassette arrangement.
148. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 146, wherein, described system also comprises a housing, is used to encapsulate described electric discharge device, wherein said boxlike storage device can be from described housing dismounting.
149. a metal air fuel cell group system comprises:
The boxlike storage device has one or more storage compartments, is used to store the metal fuel card of one group (again) charging or sheet so that discharge;
Electric discharge device is used to make the metal air fuel card or the sheet discharge of one or more (again) charging, offers the electrical power of an electric loading with generation; With
First mechanism is used for the metal fuel card or the sheet of one or more described (again) charging automatically are sent to described electric discharge device from described boxlike storage device.
150., also comprise as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 149:
Second mechanism is used for the metal fuel card or the sheet of one or more described discharges are automatically sent back described boxlike storage device from described electric discharge device.
151. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 149, wherein, described electric discharge device also comprises the metal fuel card that is used for making simultaneously a plurality of described (again) charging or the device of sheet discharge.
152. a metal air fuel cell group system comprises:
The boxlike storage device has one or more storage compartments, is used to store one group of metal fuel card that discharges or sheet feed so that recharge;
Recharging device is used for the metal air fuel card or the sheet of one or more discharges are recharged;
First mechanism is used for the metal fuel card or the sheet of one or more discharges automatically are sent to described recharging device from described boxlike storage device; With
Second mechanism is used for one or more metal fuel cards that recharge or sheet are automatically sent back described boxlike storage device from described recharging device.
153. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 152, wherein, described boxlike storage device comprises the inner space of separation, be used for will (again) the metal fuel card of charging and discharge be stored in the independent storage compartments that is formed in the tray salver class cassette arrangement.
154. a metal air fuel cell group system comprises:
The boxlike storage device has one or more storage compartments, is used to store the metal fuel card or the sheet feed of one group (again) charging, so that discharge;
Electric discharge device is used to make the metal air fuel card or the sheet discharge of one or more (again) charging, thereby produces the electrical power that offers an electric loading;
Recharging device is used for the metal fuel card or the sheet of one or more discharges are recharged;
First mechanism is used for the metal fuel card or the sheet of one or more (again) charging automatically are sent to described electric discharge device from described boxlike storage device;
Second mechanism is used for the metal fuel card or the sheet of one or more discharges are automatically sent back described boxlike storage device from described electric discharge device;
The 3rd mechanism is used for the metal fuel card or the sheet of one or more discharges automatically are sent to described recharging device from described boxlike storage device; With
The 4th mechanism is used for one or more metal fuel cards that recharge or sheet are automatically sent back described boxlike storage device from described recharging device.
155. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 154, wherein, described boxlike storage device comprises the inner space of separation, be used for will (again) the metal fuel card of charging and discharge be stored in the independent storage compartments that is formed in the described tray salver class cassette arrangement.
156. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 154, wherein, under the management of a system controller, described metal fuel card discharge and recharging device can be operated simultaneously.
157. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 154, wherein, described system controller is related with a synthesis system.
158. as the described metal air fuel cell group system of claim 157, wherein, described synthesis system is an electrical power management system.
159. an electrical power produces system, comprising:
The power bus-bar structure, it is connected to one or more electric loadings;
A plurality of metal air fuel cell groups (FCB) subsystem is connected to described power bus-bar structure, its each all have one group of metal fuel, and can produce and provide electrical power to described power bus-bar structure; With
Control subsystem, be used to control the operation of described a plurality of metal-air FCB subsystems, so that provide electrical power to described power bus-bar structure, present in an amount at least sufficient to satisfy the demand of described electric loading, and no matter the metal fuel total surplus amount in the described electrical power generation system how.
160. an electrical power produces system, comprising:
The network of metal-air FCB subsystem is connected to the power bus-bar structure, and by the control of the network control subsystem related with based on network metal fuel ADMINISTRATION SUBSYSTEM.
161. an electrical power produces system, wherein, controls the electrical power output that produces from described power bus-bar structure by the described metal-air FCB subsystem that starts selected group, to provide electrical power to described power bus-bar structure.
162. an electrical power produces system, comprising:
The network of one metal-air FCB subsystem is connected to the power bus-bar structure, and by the network control subsystem control related with based on network metal fuel ADMINISTRATION SUBSYSTEM;
Wherein, the metal fuel in each described FCB subsystem utilizes described network control subsystem to manage, thereby the metal fuel that each this FCB subsystem on average has same amount basically in any moment can be used for producing electrical power.
163. a method of operating metal-air FCB subsystem comprises the following steps:
Manage the discharge of metal fuel available in each described metal-air FCB subsystem according to the metal fuel counterpressure, thereby the metal fuel that any moment can be used for discharging in each described metal-air FCB subsystem is on average basic identical.
164. an electrical power produces system, realize in the mode that can be installed in the power station in any real system, device or the environment, in these systems, device and environment, need satisfy electric loading (as, motor, electrical equipment, mechanism, instrument etc.) peak power requirements, and no matter the residual metallic total amount of fuel that does not consume in the described electrical power generation system how.
165. a motor vehicle comprises:
The network of metal-air FCB subsystem is connected to the power bus-bar structure, and by the network control subsystem control related with based on network metal fuel ADMINISTRATION SUBSYSTEM;
Wherein, when described vehicle along the level land or downhill path when advancing, only start one or several described metal-air FCB subsystem and carry out discharge operation, and when described vehicle is attempted to surpass another vehicle or advanced along going up a slope, start a plurality of or all described metal-air FCB subsystems carry out discharge operation.
166. an electrical power produces system, comprising:
The power bus-bar structure, it is connected to an electric loading;
A plurality of metal-air FCB subsystems, but be used for being connected to described power bus-bar structure with mode of operation; With
Several computer based metal fuel ADMINISTRATION SUBSYSTEM, be used for managing the amount that can be used for the metal fuel of discharge operation at each described metal-air FCB subsystem, thereby average by the time, the metal fuel that each described metal-air FCB subsystem has same amount basically can be used for discharging and producing the electrical power that offers described power bus-bar structure.
167. the metal-air FCB power generation module of a small-scale structure is used for providing electrical power to the host computer system with battery storage compartment, described metal-air FCB power generation module comprises:
The module housing of small-scale structure;
Discharge head, be encapsulated in the described module housing in, and a metal fuel card can slip in the described discharge head and generates electricity; With
Wherein, described module housing has a pair of electric terminal, is used for when described module housing is loaded onto described battery storage compartment and the power end in contact of a host computer system.
168. a metal-air FCB power generation module comprises:
The housing of small-scale structure;
The multi-part cathode construction can insert in the groove that is formed in the described housing, and has a plurality of a plurality of electric currents that terminate in first electric connector and compile conductor;
Ventilative aperture is formed at least one surface, is used for that surrounding air is flowed through passively and is arranged on a plurality of cathode assemblies of described multi-part cathode construction;
Multi-part anode contact structures are formed integrally as with described housing, and comprise a plurality of electric contacts, and they are electrically connected with the conductor related with second electric connector;
One or more printed circuits (PC) plate, be installed in the described housing, be used for carrying the circuit of each function that is used to realize described metal-air FCB module, and supporting is set up and the electric connector that electrically contacts of described first and second electric connectors, and described first and second electric connectors are related with described multi-part cathode construction and multi-part anode contact structures;
The metal fuel card, be used for a plurality of metal fuel parts of carrying on a supporting structure that approaches, and when described metal fuel card slips in the groove that is formed between described anode contact structures and the described multi-part cathode construction, make the described a plurality of electric contacts related with described anode contact structures respectively with described a plurality of metal fuel part bonding; With
A pair of power output end extends through described housing, and is electrically connected with described circuit on described one or more PC plates, is used for providing electrical power with selected output voltage to an external loading.
169. as the described metal-air FCB of claim 168 power generation module, wherein, described multi-part cathode construction removably inserts in the described housing, and can replace by its requirement of using continuously in discharge operation.
170., also comprise the device of the electrical power that is used to produce different output voltage ranges as the described metal-air FCB of claim 168 power generation module.
171. as the described metal-air FCB of claim 170 power generation module, wherein, when inserting described multi-part metal fuel card in the described metal-air FCB module, described one or more PC plates are vertical with described multi-part metal fuel card with described multi-part cathode construction basically.
172. a system that produces electrical power comprises:
Metal-air FCB module, be used for utilizing at least one metal fuel card that can insert described metal-air FCB module to produce electrical power, described metal-air FCB module comprises at least one cathode construction and at least one anode contact structures, during the metal fuel loading operation, its each described metal fuel is inserted therebetween; With
A plurality of metal fuel cards, when needs when described metal-air FCB module produces electrical power, each described metal fuel card can be inserted in the described metal-air FCB module.
173., also comprise card storage/holding device as the described system of claim 172, be used for keeping and storing not by obsolete described a plurality of metal fuel cards, be used for producing electrical power in described metal-air FCB module.
174. as the described system of claim 172, also comprise alternative cathode construction, be used for when described cathode construction produces the electric energy consumption of scheduled volume, installing in the described metal-air FCB module.
175. as the described system of claim 172, wherein, described card storage/holding device is the box like structure with a plurality of grooves, is used to store described a plurality of metal fuel card.
176. as the described system of claim 172, wherein, described card storage/holding device is the folding wallet with a plurality of sacks, is used to store described a plurality of metal fuel card.
177. as the described system of claim 172, wherein, before using in described metal-air FCB module, each described metal fuel card is packaged in the gas impermeable material.
178. as the described system of claim 172, wherein, described metal fuel clamps to carry to operate and comprises that the notch in being formed on described metal-air FCB module inserts described metal-air FCB module.
179., wherein, provide the ionic conduction medium by described cathode construction or by described metal fuel card as the described system of claim 172.
180. as the described system of claim 179, wherein, described metal-air FCB module has the form factor of conventional batteries device, thereby can be used in the battery chamber corresponding to described formative factor.
181. as the described metal-air FCB of claim 168 power generation module, wherein, described multi-part cathode construction comprises the device that is used for scatter the solution of being made by water or electrolyte during the discharge operation between described cathode assembly and described metal fuel parts.
182. a method that produces electrical power comprises the following steps:
(a) following module and metal fuel card are packed and are distributed in together:
(ⅰ) metal-air FCB module, be used for utilizing at least one metal fuel card that can insert described metal-air FCB module to produce electrical power, described metal-air FCB module comprises at least one cathode construction and at least one anode contact structures, during the metal fuel loading operation, its each described metal fuel is inserted therebetween and
(ⅱ) a plurality of metal fuel cards, when needs when described metal-air FCB module produces electrical power, each described metal fuel card can be inserted in the described metal-air FCB module.
(b) at least one described metal fuel card is inserted in the described metal-air FCB module, produce electrical power to start described metal-air FCB system, to offer electric power consumption device with battery storage compartment;
(c) described metal-air FCB module is inserted in the battery storage compartment of described electric power consumption device;
(d) offer described electric power consumption device electrical power is provided, make the described metal fuel card discharge in the described metal-air FCB module;
(e) take out the metal fuel card of described discharge from described metal-air FCB module;
(f) select a described metal fuel card from described a plurality of metal fuel cards, and the metal fuel card of described selection is inserted in the described metal-air FCB module;
(g), begin the described metal fuel card discharge in the described metal-air FCB module by electrical power being provided for again described electric power consumption device; With
(h) according to desired times repeating step (e) to (f), so that electrical power is offered described electric power consumption device continuously from described metal-air FCB module.
183. as the described method of claim 182, wherein, in step (d) afterwards, described method also comprises (d) (1), be used for taking out described metal-air FCB module from described battery storage compartment, and in step (f) afterwards, also comprise (f) (1), be used for described metal-air FCB module is installed described battery storage compartment.
184. a metal-air FCB power generation module comprises:
The housing of small-scale structure;
The first multi-part cathode construction can insert in first groove that is formed in the described housing, and has a plurality of a plurality of electric currents that terminate in first electric connector and compile conductor;
The second multi-part cathode construction, can insert in second groove that is formed in the described housing, and have a plurality of a plurality of electric currents that terminate in second electric connector and compile conductor, in the time of in being inserted into described housing, the described first and second multi-part cathode constructions are parallel to each other basically;
Ventilative aperture is formed at least one surface, is used for that surrounding air is flowed through passively and is arranged on more than first cathode assembly of the described first multi-part cathode construction and flow through being arranged on more than second cathode assembly in the described second multi-part cathode construction;
The metal fuel card, can insert in the groove between formation and the described first and second multi-part cathode constructions, and more than first the metal fuel parts of bearing support on first side of supporting structure, and set up and terminate at electrically contacting of more than first conductor being formed on the 3rd connector mechanism on the described supporting structure, more than second the metal fuel parts of bearing support on second side of described supporting structure also, and set up and terminate at the electrically contacting of more than second conductor of the 3rd connector mechanism;
One or more printed circuits (PC) plate, be installed in the described housing, be used for carrying the circuit of each function that is used to realize described metal-air FCB module, and when described metal fuel card inserts in the groove that is provided with in the described housing, supporting is used to set up the electric connector that electrically contacts of described first and second electric connectors and described the 3rd connector mechanism, described first and second electric connectors are related with the first and second multi-part cathode constructions, and described the 3rd connector mechanism is related with described metal fuel card;
A pair of power output end extends through described housing, and is electrically connected with described circuit on described one or more PC plates, is used for providing electrical power with selected output voltage to an external loading.
185. as the described metal-air FCB of claim 184 power generation module, wherein, when described metal fuel card being inserted in the described metal-air FCB module, described one or more PC plates are vertical with described first and second multi-part cathode constructions and described metal fuel card basically.
186., also comprise the device of the electrical power that is used to produce different output voltage ranges as the described metal-air FCB of claim 184 power generation module.
187., wherein, also comprise a switch as the described metal-air FCB of claim 184 power generation module, be positioned the outside of described housing, be used for selecting described output voltage from the output voltage of described different range.
188. a metal-air FCB power generation module comprises:
A plurality of metal-air FCB submodules, its each can produce the electrical power that is used to offer a pair of power output end; With
Wherein each described metal-air submodule comprises and removably inserts the metal fuel card of described submodule to be used to replace as required.
189., also comprise and utilize external power source to come the device that each described metal-air FCB submodule is recharged as the described metal-air FCB of claim 184 power generation module.
190., wherein, can provide described electricity output with any one magnitude of voltage in the output voltage range as the described metal-air FCB of claim 188 power generation module.
191. a multi-part cathode construction can be inserted in the groove that forms in the housing of FCB power generation module, comprising:
A plurality of cathode assemblies are bearing on the supporting structure; With
A plurality of electric currents compile conductor, and itself and described cathode assembly electrically contact, and are terminated in first electric connector that is attached to described supporting structure.
192. metal fuel card that in FCB power generation module, uses, described FCB power generation module comprises anode contact structures and multi-part cathode construction, and have the groove that between described anode contact structures and described multi-part cathode construction, forms, described metal fuel card comprises:
A plurality of metal fuel parts are bearing on the thin supporting structure; With
One device is used for when described metal fuel card is slipped into described groove, enables the electric contact between described anode contact structures and described a plurality of metal fuel parts.
193. metal fuel card that in FCB power generation module, uses, described FCB power generation module comprises the first and second multi-part cathode constructions, and have the groove that between the described first and second multi-part cathode constructions, forms, described metal fuel card comprises:
More than first metal fuel parts are bearing on first side of a supporting structure;
More than second metal fuel parts are bearing on second side of described supporting structure;
One device is used to enable more than first electric contact between described more than first metal fuel parts, and enables more than second electric contact between described more than second metal fuel parts.
194. one kind at FCB power generation module, comprising:
One housing;
The first and second multi-part cathode constructions are arranged in the described housing;
One groove is formed between the first and second multi-part cathode constructions; With
One metal fuel card, can insert in the described groove, and have:
More than first metal fuel parts are bearing on first side of a supporting structure;
More than second metal fuel parts are bearing on second side of described supporting structure; With a device, integrated with described supporting structure, be used to enable more than first electric contact between described more than first the metal fuel parts, and enable more than second electric contact between described more than second the metal fuel parts.
CN 98811640 1997-10-06 1998-10-06 Metal-air fuel cell battery systems employing metal fuel cards Pending CN1280712A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (28)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/944,507 1997-10-06
US08/944,507 US6296960B1 (en) 1997-10-06 1997-10-06 System and method for producing electrical power using metal-air fuel cell battery technology
US09/074,337 US6472093B2 (en) 1997-10-06 1998-05-07 Metal-air fuel cell battery systems having a metal-fuel card storage cartridge, insertable within a fuel cartridge insertion port, containing a supply of substantially planar discrete metal-fuel cards, and fuel card transport mechanisms therein
US09/074,337 1998-05-07
US09/110,761 US6335111B1 (en) 1997-10-06 1998-07-03 Metal-air fuel cell battery system employing a plurality of moving cathode structures for improved volumetric power density
US09/110,761 1998-07-03
US09/110,762 US6299997B1 (en) 1997-10-06 1998-07-03 Ionically-conductive belt structure for use in a metal-air fuel cell battery system and method of fabricating the same
US09/110,762 1998-07-03
US09/112,596 US6228519B1 (en) 1997-10-06 1998-07-09 Metal-air fuel cell battery systems having mechanism for extending the path length of metal-fuel tape during discharging and recharging modes of operation
US09/112,596 1998-07-09
US09/116,643 1998-07-16
US09/116,643 US6306534B1 (en) 1997-10-06 1998-07-16 Metal-air fuel cell battery systems employing means for discharging and recharging metal-fuel cards
US09/120,583 US6410174B1 (en) 1997-10-06 1998-07-22 Metal-air fuel cell battery system having means for bi-directionally transporting metal-fuel tape and managing metal-fuel available therealong
US09/120,583 1998-07-22
US09/126,213 1998-07-30
US09/126,213 US6312844B1 (en) 1997-10-06 1998-07-30 Metal-air fuel cell battery system having means for discharging and recharging metal-fuel cards supplied from a cassette-type storage device
US09/130,325 1998-08-06
US09/130,341 1998-08-06
US09/130,341 US6287715B1 (en) 1997-10-06 1998-08-06 Metal-air fuel cell battery system having means for controlling discharging and recharging parameters for improved operating efficiency
US09/130,325 US6641943B1 (en) 1997-10-06 1998-08-06 Metal-air fuel cell battery system having means for recording and reading operating parameters during discharging and recharging modes of operation
US09/232,326 US6365292B1 (en) 1997-10-06 1998-08-10 Cathode belt structure for use in a metal-air fuel cell battery system and method of fabricating the same
US09/232,327 1998-08-10
US09/232,328 1998-08-10
US09/232,326 1998-08-10
US09/133,166 1998-08-12
US09/143,889 1998-08-31
US09/143,895 1998-08-31
US09/164,063 1998-09-30

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CN 98811640 Pending CN1280712A (en) 1997-10-06 1998-10-06 Metal-air fuel cell battery systems employing metal fuel cards
CNB988116596A Expired - Fee Related CN1148831C (en) 1997-10-06 1998-10-06 Metal-air fuel cell battery employing metal-fuel tape

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JP6762481B2 (en) * 2014-12-05 2020-09-30 蘭州金福楽生物工程有限公司Ｌａｎ−Ｚｈｏｕ Ｊｉｎｆｕｌｅ Ｂｉｏｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ Ｃｏ．Ｌｔｄ． Metal-air fuel cell

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CN102511108A (en) * 2009-10-07 2012-06-20 Emw能源株式会社 Metal-air cell charging apparatus, metal-air cell assembly, and metal-air cell charging system comprising same
US9373874B2 (en) 2009-10-07 2016-06-21 E.M.W. Energy Co., Ltd. Metal air cell charging apparatus, metal-air cell assembly, and metal-air cell charging system comprising the same
CN102904292A (en) * 2011-07-28 2013-01-30 福特全球技术公司 Battery cell capacity balancing system and method
CN102904292B (en) * 2011-07-28 2018-07-13 福特全球技术公司 The system and method for the capacitance balance of battery cell
CN107431260A (en) * 2015-04-15 2017-12-01 Yts科学财富私人有限公司 Magnesium air cell

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