CN1278655C - Nd-doped yttrium vanadate laser therapeutical machine - Google Patents
Nd-doped yttrium vanadate laser therapeutical machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN1278655C CN1278655C CN 99102626 CN99102626A CN1278655C CN 1278655 C CN1278655 C CN 1278655C CN 99102626 CN99102626 CN 99102626 CN 99102626 A CN99102626 A CN 99102626A CN 1278655 C CN1278655 C CN 1278655C
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- laser
- doped yttrium
- yttrium vanadate
- therapeutical machine
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a neodymium-doped Yttrium vanadate (Nd: YVO4) laser therapeutical machine which belongs to medical apparatus. The present invention is composed of an Nd: YVO4 crystal, a cavity resonator, a pumping system, a power source, a silicon fiber, an optical fibre writing appliance, a guiding optical fiber, etc., wherein the neodymium-doped concentration of the Nd: YVO4 crystal is 0.2 mol% to 2.0 mol%, the diameter of the Nd: YVO4 crystal is 1 to 5mm, the length of the Nd: YVO4 crystal is more than 20mm, and the Nd: YVO4 crystal can output polarized light with the laser wavelength of 1342 nm or 1064 nm; the pumping source adopts a krypton lamp, a xenon lamp or an LD laser diode. The present invention can obtain laser light which has lower threshold in the wavebands of 1 micrometer and 1.3 micrometers and higher efficiency than the existing laser therapeutical machine; therefore, the size, the weight and the power consumption of a laser therapeutical machine are reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to armarium, particularly relate to a kind of laser medical equipment, it is the transmission of the common medical optical fiber of a kind of usefulness, has sufficiently high laser output power or energy, can be flexibly, be advantageously used in body surface and the interior laser medical equipment of peeping treatment of body.
Background technology
Being widely used in 1.06 clinical μ m Nd:YAG tissue by laser at present has darker penetration capacity, have good tissue coagulation and haemostatic effect, but the ability that cuts and organizes is relatively poor.We have measured distilled water to the radiating absorptance of different wave length (seeing Table 1), find that distilled water is moderate to the radiating absorptance of 1.34 μ m, are about 14.26 times of 1.06 μ m Nd:YAG laser, but than 10.6 μ m CO
2Laser, 2.8 μ m Er:YAG laser and 2.1 μ m Ho:YAG laser are little, in clinical treatment, have concurrently good solidify, haemostatic effect and 10.6 μ m cut, the fast advantage of gasification rate, so this wave band of laser is a kind of utmost point clinically the new wave band of laser of using value is arranged.
Table 1. water is to the radiating absorptance of different wave length
| Wavelength (nm) | 1047 | 1053 | 1064 | 1070 | 1079.5 |
| Absorption coefficient (cm -1) | 0.2425 | 0.2303 | 0.2065 | 0.2125 | 0.2125 |
| Wavelength (nm) | 1313 | 1318 | 1338 | 1341.4 | 1351 |
| Absorption coefficient (cm -1) | 1.6788 | 1.8158 | 2.7774 | 2.9450 | 3.551 |
In the past, we have carried out laser, nonlinear crystal symmetry, physical property, device and the research of mutual relation therebetween, have measured Nd
3+Ion is at YAlO
3In the crystal
4F
3/2-
4I
13/2The cross section σ of transition (H.Y.Shen et al, " Measurement of the Stimulated Emission Cross for
4F
3/2-
4I
13/2Transition of Nd
3+In YAlO
3Crystal "; IEEEJ.Quantum Electron.; Vol.25; No.2; 144 (1989) .); find that it is more than 2.4 times of crystal transition cross section (H.Y.Shen et al, " Comparision of simultaneous multiple wavelengthlasing in various neodymium host crystal at transitions from such as Nd:YAG, Nd:YLF and Nd:BEL
4F
3/2-
4I
11/2And
4F
3/2-
4I
13/2", Appl.Phys.Lett., Vol.56; No.20,1937 (1990) .), the product of it and fluorescence lifetime τ also is maximum (seeing Table 2) in these crystal; because σ τ and laser threshold be inversely proportional to and be output into direct ratio with laser, thereby we utilize Nd:YAlO
3Crystal is developed into the high power continuous wave laser, and has invented 1341.4 μ m and 1079.5 μ m laser therapeutical machines, in having applied for simultaneously, U.S. patent of invention (Chinese application number is 93117719.7, U. S. application number be 08/312780).
The basic parameter of some neodymium-doped laser crystals of table 2.
| Crystal | Nd:YAG | Nd:YLF | Nd:BEL | Nd:YAlO 3 | Nd:YVO 4 |
| Fluorescence lifetime τ (μ s) | 230 | 480 | 144 | 150 | 99 |
| 4F 3/2- 4I 13/2Wavelength (nm) | 1338/1318 | 1313 | 1351 | 1341.4 | 1342 |
| σ(×10- 19cm 2) | 0.9/0.92 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 2.2 | 6.0 |
| σ·τ(×10- 19cm 2·μs) | 207/211.6 | 288 | 57.6 | 330 | 594 |
| 4F 3/2- 4I 11/2Wavelength (nm) | 1064 | 1047/1053 | 1070 | 1079.5 | 1064 |
| σ(×10- 19cm 2) | 4.0 | 1.8/1.2 | 2.1 | 4.6 | 12 |
| σ·τ(×10- 19cm 2·μs) | 920 | 864/576 | 302.4 | 690 | 1188 |
See Nd:YVO from table 2
4Crystal exists
4F
3/2-
4I
11/2With
4F
3/2-
4I
13/2The above-mentioned crystal of the section ratio of transition is bigger, and σ τ also is maximum, thereby, the laser crystal that it is the low threshold value of development, high efficiency laser is more suitable.At present be devoted to develop laser diode-pumped lamellar Nd:YVO both at home and abroad
4Laser instrument, but we think development lamp pumping bar-shaped efficient Nd-doped yttrium vanadate laser instrument, and be applied to laser medicine and be one and have the work that extensive use is worth.Because the price of LD can not compare with lamp in a short time, especially the price LD of unit capacity is much more expensive than lamp.
Based on above consideration, we think that development high efficiency 1064nm and 1342nm Nd-doped yttrium vanadate laser therapeutical machine are necessary.
High power Nd-doped yttrium vanadate laser instrument is the basis of above-mentioned laser therapeutical machine.Because Nd:YVO
4The crystal thermal conductivity is little than Nd:YAG, so high power operation process Nd:YVO
4Crystalline heat effect is a key issue of the present invention.In the past, we have set up quadrature crystal Nd:YAlO
3The theory of crystalline heat effect (Shen Hongyuan, " the crystalline heat effect of rhombic system Nd:YAP ", Acta Physica Sinica 30,8,1085 (1981)), studied influence (Shen Hongyuan etc., " heat effect to the influence of b axle Nd:YAP CW laser output " of heat effect to laser, Acta Physica Sinica, 31,9,1235 (1982)), be developed into 1079.5nm continuous wave laser (Shen Hongyuan, " the high power 1079.5nmNd:YAlO of output up to 424W
3The CW laser instrument ", Chinese laser, Vol.19, No.1,19 (1992)) and output up to the 1341.4nm Nd:YAlO of 195W
3Continuous wave laser (H.Y.Shen et al, " Laser action ofNd:YAlO
3Crystal at 1300nm ", J.Appl.Phys., 70 (30), 1880 (1991)).In recent years, we have set up the theory (Shen Hongyuan, " the crystalline heat effect of tetragonal crystal system Nd:YLF ", Science Bulletin, Vol.41, No.11,1039 (1996)) of tetragonal crystal system Nd:YLF crystal thermal effect again, and have been used for LD pumping high stable TEM
00The development of mould Nd:YLF continuous wave laser (Shen Hongyuan etc., " the high stable TEM of LD pumping
00Mould Nd:YLF CW laser instrument ", laser and optoelectronics progress, No.7,73 (1996)).Above-mentioned work correctly utilizes Nd:YVO for the present invention
4Crystal design high power or macro-energy Nd-doped yttrium vanadate laser instrument provide foundation.
In common lamp pump laser, laser threshold P
ThWith output P
OutCan be expressed as (W.Koechner, " Analythical Model of a CW YAG Laser ", Laser Focus, April37.1970):
In the formula,
Be the laser photon energy, η
1Be the ratio of light power and input electric power in the operation material absorption band, η
2The ratio of the luminous power of lamp in the luminous power that is absorbed by operation material and the pumping band, η
3Be the power efficiency of fluorescence that sends of operation material and the ratio of absorbing light power, V, l are the volume and the length of operation material, R
1And R
2The reflectance of mirror before and after being respectively, σ and τ are the transition cross section and the fluorescence lifetime of operation material optical maser wavelength, P
InBe the input electric power of lamp, α is the ABSORPTION AND SCATTERING loss of operation material, and L is the total losses of laser in the chamber, I
sBe parameter of saturation, it can be expressed as approx:
Δ v is the Lorentgian live width of transition in the formula, and λ is an optical maser wavelength, τ
μIt is the upper laser level life-span.
See from (1), (2) formula, adopt the big working substance mass-energy of σ τ to reduce threshold value and raising output effectively, behind the selected operation material, reduce the operation material volume energy and reduce threshold value, thereby convert more pump power to laser.The way of dwindling the operation material volume in the lamp pumping configuration is to utilize elongated rods.
L in (2) formula on the other hand, except comprising operation material absorption, scattering loss, diffraction loss, when operation material produces heat effect, also comprise the loss that causes thus, when heat effect is serious, cause resonator cavity to carry out the transition to unstable region, owing to excessive loss makes the laser failure of oscillations from stable region.Therefore, reducing heat effect is the problem that high power laser light must be considered.Obviously, utilize elongated rods can get rid of the heat of pumping process effectively by liquid coolant, reduce heat effect.In addition, suitably reduce YVO
4Nd in the crystal
3+Ionic concentration can reduce the generation rate of heat in the unit volume effectively, thereby reduces the loss that heat effect causes.
In order further to improve overall efficiency, adopt the repetition rate pumping source of pulse width near 100 μ s, increase the ratio (see formula 2) of part in the lamp luminous power that surpasses laser threshold in the lamp luminous power, make the mean power of lamp emission have more fractional conversion to become the mean power of laser.On the other hand, in pumping pulse at interval, the liquid that can be cooled effectively of the heat in the operation material is taken away, and compares with continuous pump mode, can suitably reduce the loss that heat effect causes, helps raising the efficiency.
Summary of the invention
It is the low threshold value high efficiency 1064nm or the 1342nm laser therapeutical machine of working-laser material with the low thin rod of neodymium-doped concentration yttrium vanadate crystal a axle that purpose of the present invention just is to develop a kind of.Recent available krypton lamp or xenon lamp are made pumping lamp, and after treating to descend as the 809nm laser diode price of pumping, available laser diode is as pumping.
Realize that concrete scheme of the present invention has three kinds:
One, concrete technical scheme of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, (1) is a axle Nd:YVO among the figure
4Working-laser material, feature are the yttrium vanadate crystals of low neodymium-doped concentration, and neodymium-doped concentration is in 0.2mol%～2.0mol% scope.The another feature of this operation material is an elongated rods, and the diameter of rod is in 1～5mm scope, and length is more than 20mm; (2) for internal diameter be krypton lamp or the xenon lamp of 1～5mm, length and operation material coupling; (3) be the glass tubing of elimination ultraviolet radiation; (4) be ellipse hard-pressed bale formula laser pump cavity, intracavity is full of circulating cooling liquid, cooling work material and pumping lamp; (5) be completely reflecting mirror; (6) be laser output mirror, it is characterized in that a planoconvex lens, planar ends plating deielectric-coating forms laser resonator with completely reflecting mirror, and convex surface plays focussing force, and laser is gathered into point, injection fibre; (7) be self-loopa cooling device; (8) be power supply, it is characterized by provides the repetitive rate pulse of pulse width near 100 μ s, and its average current can increase continuously 25A from 0A; (9) for sending the laser diode of red laser, red laser and Nd-doped yttrium vanadate laser are exported from optical fiber with light path, as being used by the therapentic part indication; (10) be the medical optical fibers of internal diameter 200 μ m～600 μ m; (11) for being furnished with the Optical fibre writing appliance of suitable cutter head.
The different capacity that the energy storage that starts the operating current that changes lamp behind the laser or power supply can export that to focus enforcement is shone, solidified, carbonization, gasification and cutting are required or the laser of energy.
Also available laser diode (LD) replaces krypton lamp or xenon lamp to reach effect similar in the lamp pump scheme by profile pump (see figure 2) or end pumping (see figure 3).
Its two, Fig. 2 is a LD profile pump scheme, (1) be with Fig. 1 in identical operation material be processed into square cross section elongated rods (cross section is 1 * 1～5 * 5), more than the length 20mm; With a plurality of LD (12) side-pumping, with the pumping vertical direction on extract the heat that the operation material operation process produces with heat sink (not the drawing on the figure) of semiconductor cooler refrigeration; (5), (6) be total reflective mirror and the outgoing mirror similar to Fig. 1, its feature also is a planoconvex lens, plays resonator cavity outgoing mirror and condenser lens simultaneously; (13) be LD and the indication drive source with red semiconductor laser, its feature is similar to Fig. 1; (10), (11) be optical fiber and Optical fibre writing appliance, and are identical among its effect and Fig. 1.
Its three, Fig. 3 is a LD end pumping scheme, wherein (1) be with Fig. 1 in identical Nd:YVO
4The elongate cylinder rod, rod cools off (not drawing among the figure) with liquid coolant; (14) be to be plated in Nd:YVO
4The deielectric-coating of end face, it is to optical maser wavelength 1064nm or 1342nm total reflection, but anti-reflection to the pump light of 809nm wavelength; (6) be plano-convex output-focus lamp, act on identical with (6) among Fig. 1; (15) be Raymond J.Beach at Appl.Opt.Vol.35, the lens duct that No.2 P20005 (1996) proposes, it is poly-in laser crystal with the light that quasi-continuous many LD of high-average power send; (16) be quasi-continuous many LD of high-average power; (10) identical with (11) with (10), (11) among Fig. 1.
As previously mentioned, 1064nm laser have clinically good solidify, haemostatic effect, extensively use clinically.We and Fujian Provincial Hospital cooperation find 1341.4nm Nd:YAlO medical laser in clinical practice, have concurrently good solidify, haemostatic effect and gasification, cutting speed.So 1064nm and 1342nm wavelength laser have bigger using value on laser medicine.
As shown in table 2, Nd:YVO
4Crystal is bigger than other crystal at the σ of 1064nm and 1342nm τ, therefore, can utilize the laser of this crystal development above-mentioned wave band that threshold value is lower, efficient is higher.The present invention intends adopting low neodymium-doped concentration, and (the neodymium concentration range is that 0.2～2.0mol%) diameter is 1～5mm, the elongated Nd:YVO of length more than 20mm
4Rod can reduce the generation rate of unit volume heat effectively and effectively the heat that produces taken away by liquid coolant, thereby reduces heat effect effectively and by the loss of its generation, this is very important to output and the efficient that improves laser instrument.
The present invention adopts pulse width and Nd:YVO
4The quasi-cw pumping mode that fluorescence lifetime 99 μ s are close, not only increased and reached the ratio of threshold value part in the lamp luminous power in the lamp luminous power, make the average light power of lamp emission have major part more to convert the mean power of laser to, output and efficient have been improved effectively, and in pumping pulse at interval, the heat that liquid coolant can produce the pumping process crystal is effectively taken away, compare the loss that can suitably reduce heat effect and cause thus with continuous pump mode.
In sum, the present invention can obtain than existing 1 μ m and 1.3 laser therapeutical machines that the mu m waveband threshold value is lower, efficient is higher, thereby reduces volume, weight and the power consumption of laser therapeutical machine.
Description of drawings
Now drawing is made brief description: Fig. 1 is the pie graph of lamp pumping Nd-doped yttrium vanadate laser therapeutical machine one example of the present invention; Fig. 2 is the pie graph of the laser diode side pumped Nd-doped yttrium vanadate laser therapeutical machine of the present invention example; Fig. 3 is the pie graph of laser diode end-face pump Nd-doped yttrium vanadate laser therapeutical machine example of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Enumerating below and implementing typical scenario of the present invention: Fig. 1 is the pie graph of lamp pumping Nd-doped yttrium vanadate laser therapeutical machine one example of the present invention, connect Laser Power Devices (8) after, self-loopa cooling device (7) is about to deionized water in the water tank and pumps into and contain Nd:YVO
4In elongated laser bar (1) and pumping the sealing laser pump cavity, optionally can cool off the deionized water that adds in the device in secondary cooling water (adopting tap water usually) the cooling self-loopa device water tank in self-loopa with krypton lamp or xenon lamp (2).Start Laser Power Devices, the sequential control circuit in the power supply is finished the ionization of krypton in the pumping lamp or xenon automatically and is added pre-burning voltage, makes to be operated in after the pumping lamp pre-burning to keep current status.Needs doctor according to treatment can be preset at power supply on the corresponding pumping lamp operating current of required output laser power.With the red laser of light path the output pen (11) of optical fiber aimed at the focus of required treatment with treatment with laser with red laser diode (9) output with indication, step on the foot switch that comprises in the power supply, pumping lamp (2) promptly is operated in the corresponding electric current of the required laser power of treatment, and the light that this moment, pumping lamp sent focuses on operation material Nd:YVO in laser pump cavity
4On the crystal, YVO
4Nd in the crystal
3+1064nm that produces behind the ionic absorption pump light or 1342nm fluorescence vibrate between optical resonator (5), (6) on optical maser wavelength (1064nm or 1342nm), by condenser lens (6) laser is injected the medical optical fiber that core diameter is 200～600 μ m with the outgoing mirror one, by the Optical fibre writing appliance (11) of aiming at focus with laser irradiation on focus, to focus shine, solidify, carbonization, gasification or cutting treatment, depend on the needs, Optical fibre writing appliance can be mixed suitable cutter head to cooperate the needs of clinical operation.
Claims (11)
1. Nd-doped yttrium vanadate (Nd:YVO
4) laser therapeutical machine, comprise Nd:YVO
4Crystal; Be used for the described crystal of pumping so that described crystal formation active ions (Nd
3+Ion) pumping system and the Nd of population inversion distribution
3+The resonator cavity of this wavelength laser is exported in the radiation that ion sends specific wavelength resonance therein, it is characterized in that Nd:YVO
4Crystalline neodymium-doped concentration is 0.2mol%～2.0mol%; The Nd:YVO that adopts
4Crystal bar is the elongate cylinder rod of rod axle along crystallization a axle, and the diameter of cylindrical rod is 1～5mm, and length is more than 20mm; Side-pumping Nd:YVO in the hard-pressed bale laser pump cavity
4The elongate cylinder rod.
2. Nd-doped yttrium vanadate laser therapeutical machine as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described laser is polarized light.
3. Nd-doped yttrium vanadate laser therapeutical machine as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described optical maser wavelength is 1342nm.
4. Nd-doped yttrium vanadate laser therapeutical machine as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described optical maser wavelength is 1064nm.
5. Nd-doped yttrium vanadate laser therapeutical machine as claimed in claim 1, its feature further comprises: the silica fibre that transmits described laser; By the collecting lens that unites two into one with resonator cavity with the laser convergence of the described wavelength of described resonator cavity output to described silica fibre one end, the laser of described wavelength is injected silica fibre; The Optical fibre writing appliance of described laser irradiation to required treatment lesions position linked to each other with the described silica fibre other end.
6. Nd-doped yttrium vanadate laser therapeutical machine as claimed in claim 1, its feature comprise further and the semiconductor laser of described laser with the light path transmission that the red visible laser that this semiconductor laser sends is used for being treated the indication of focus.
7. Nd-doped yttrium vanadate laser therapeutical machine as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described pumping system comprises the krypton lamp of fire pulse width near 100 μ s repetitive rate pulse pump light.
8. Nd-doped yttrium vanadate laser therapeutical machine as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described pumping system comprises the xenon lamp of fire pulse width near 100 μ s pulse pump light.
9. Nd-doped yttrium vanadate laser therapeutical machine as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described pumping system comprises the LD of fire pulse width near 100 μ s repetitive rate pulse lasers.
10. Nd-doped yttrium vanadate laser therapeutical machine as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described laser therapeutical machine comprises Nd:YVO
4The cooling system of elongate cylinder rod and to the cooling system of pumping lamp.
11. Nd-doped yttrium vanadate laser therapeutical machine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described pumping system comprises can continuously change input power or energy, with obtain to different focuses shine, solidify, carbonization, gasification and the required mean power of cutting treatment and energy pulses width be near the driving power of 100 μ s repetitive rate pulses.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 99102626 CN1278655C (en) | 1999-03-18 | 1999-03-18 | Nd-doped yttrium vanadate laser therapeutical machine |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 99102626 CN1278655C (en) | 1999-03-18 | 1999-03-18 | Nd-doped yttrium vanadate laser therapeutical machine |
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| CN1278655C true CN1278655C (en) | 2006-10-11 |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1319227C (en) * | 2002-05-21 | 2007-05-30 | 中国科学院福建物质结构研究所 | Double wave length neodymium laser intra cavity frequency multiplier outer cavity sum frequency red green blue three basic colour laser |
| CN1332483C (en) * | 2002-05-21 | 2007-08-15 | 中国科学院福建物质结构研究所 | Double wave length neodymium laser outercavity frequency multiplier sum frequency red green blue three basic eotour laser |
| CN1318660C (en) * | 2003-07-04 | 2007-05-30 | 中国科学院福建物质结构研究所 | Neodymium-doped lanthanum vanadate (LaVO4) laser crystal and its preparation method |
| CN101919733B (en) * | 2010-09-07 | 2012-04-11 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Double-wavelength high-power semiconductor laser synthetic therapeutic apparatus |
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