CN1274523C - Fuel and electric mixed power system of light traffic tool - Google Patents
Fuel and electric mixed power system of light traffic tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN1274523C CN1274523C CNB200410025287XA CN200410025287A CN1274523C CN 1274523 C CN1274523 C CN 1274523C CN B200410025287X A CNB200410025287X A CN B200410025287XA CN 200410025287 A CN200410025287 A CN 200410025287A CN 1274523 C CN1274523 C CN 1274523C
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a fuel electric integration mixed power system for light vehicles, which comprises an integrated control system which is respectively connected with an electric power driving system and an internal combustion engine power system. A mechanical driving system is respectively connected with the electric power driving system and the internal combustion engine driving system which are connected. The driving modes of the mixed power system of the present invention have the key point that when the mixed power system is in a low speed, the mixed power system is driven by electric power; when the mixed power system is in a high speed, the mixed power system is driven by an internal-combustion engine; when the mixed power system is in a middle speed, the mixed power system is singly driven by the electric power or is driven by the electric power and the internal-combustion engine at the same time. The driving modes are automatically converted under the control of an integrated controller; when the internal combustion engine is operated, the internal combustion engine can supply electric power to an accumulator; when the mixed power system is accelerated in the middle speed and the high speed or climbs a slope, the internal combustion engine is always operated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fuel oil-electronic integrated hybrid power system of the light-duty vehicle.
Background technology
Bicycle is popular main short distance traffic instrument, is tending towards at present developing (key distinction is the increase to some extent of aspects such as power, weight speed, no longer treats with a certain discrimination in the narration below) to the electric moving aid vehicle direction; Motor bike (comprising light cavalry) is then all the fashion in rural area and small and medium-sized cities individual's traffic.
Expansion, flowing power increase and growth in the living standard along with the city space make the light vehicle demand of power type urgent day by day.Relatively representative type power type Personal Transporter is two kinds of mini-motorcycles of fuel combustion type and power type at present.
The nineties, the fuel combustion type mini-motorcycle was once voguish, but because of fuel engines, especially the discharging of double stroke fuel engines exhaust emission is serious, noise is big, is subjected to the generally repulsion of big and medium-sized cities at present, is under an embargo gradually and travels.Along with the raising of environmental demands, though also well afoot of the improvement of fuel vehicle is subjected to effects limit such as price on the light-duty vehicle, discharging is difficult to reach the advanced level of car, start with low speed situation down blow especially serious.Four-stroke gasoline engine installs the exhaust noise silencing cleaner additional can significantly reduce exhaust emission, can reach European II standard, even higher standard.But the more total difficulty of problem of discharging waste gas is avoided fully under combustion engine low speed and the idling.
Characteristics such as the power type mini-motorcycle is low because of its noise, no gaseous contamination are accepted by masses, in promoting rapidly at present.Then can control as for the issuable pollution of battery by the processing of professional factory.The disadvantage of electric moving aid vehicle (comprising battery-operated motor cycle) is that battery performance is undesirable.The lead-acid battery specific capacity is low, the lead-acid battery of the 36V/12Ah that joins on for example present electric moving aid vehicle reaches about 12 kilograms, and operating range is often about 50 kilometers, consider the real road planeness and run into traffic lights frequently braking, startup situation that actual effectively operating range is only about 30 kilometers in the city.The back is along with the decline of battery, and operating range further shortens.The life-span of battery is generally shorter again, usually in 1 year.Adopt nickel-cadmium cell discharge internal resistance low, but intrinsic discharge and recharge memory characteristic and serious potentially contaminated makes it be not suitable for the energy as mini-motorcycle.Ni-MH battery has overcome the pollution shortcoming of nickel-cadmium cell, and specific energy increases, but its price height, self-discharge is serious, and energy density is still not high enough, and the ratio of performance to price does not have advantage.Lithium cell specific energy height compares excellent performance with other batteries, but stable not enough as its performance of electrokinetic cell at present; Fancy price also makes it can not be by large-scale promotion.In a word, as power, exist that travelled distance is short, service life is short, price is high, the high serial problem of deadweight ratio with battery.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the fuel oil-electronic integrated hybrid power system of a kind of light-duty vehicle that can make combustion engine, electrical motor and the combination of electronic power changer.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts technical scheme as follows:
The present invention includes: combustion engine powered system, electric propulsion system, machine driven system, integrated control system; Integrated control system is connected with electric propulsion system, combustion engine powered system respectively, and machine driven system is connected with electric propulsion system, combustion engine powered system respectively, and combustion engine powered system is connected with electric propulsion system; Wherein:
1) combustion engine powered system: constitute by four-stroke gasoline engine, petrol container, exhaust noise silencing cleaner, actuating motor and electrical generator; Four-stroke gasoline engine is equipped with exhaust noise silencing cleaner, actuating motor and electrical generator, and petrol container links to each other with four-stroke gasoline engine by oil pipe;
2) electric propulsion system: comprise drive motor, storage battery, power inverter; Wherein power inverter comprises driving transducer, charger, accessory feed again, driving transducer and charger are switching power converter, storage battery connects the input end of driving transducer, the mouth of charger and the input end of accessory feed respectively, the horsepower input contact of drive motor connects the mouth of driving transducer and the input end of charger respectively, the rotating shaft of the drive motor tool driving system of meeting sb. at the airport, power inverter connects integrated control system;
3) machine driven system: comprise combustion engine and drive motor coupled drive and parallel transmission dual mode, the coupled drive mode is: combustion engine is by deceleration or speed-changing mechanism and drive motor coupled drive with the gear of automatic centrifugal engagement capability or sprocket wheel, chain, and it is divided into directly coupling and by two kinds of speed reduction gearing couplings of drive motor again; Parallel type of drive is: by deceleration or speed-changing mechanism and drive motor transmission respectively with the gear of automatic centrifugal engagement capability or sprocket wheel, chain, realize the transmission of two kinds of power by combustion engine by exterior traffic tool wheel;
The present invention also comprises integrated control system: comprise combustion engine powered state of the system detection, speed and position probing, engine starting, battery operated state-detection, signal conditioning, motor-driven, control panel interface, power inverter state-detection, charger driver element; Combustion engine powered state of the system detection and speed and position detection unit connect signal processing unit, signal processing unit connects battery operated state-detection, control panel interface, power inverter state detection unit, engine starting, motor-driven, charger driving respectively, engine starting is connected to internal-combustion engine ignition power supply and actuating motor, drive motor is connected to driving transducer, and charger drives and is connected to charger; In integrated control system:
1) combustion engine powered state of the system detecting unit is made of oil level gauge, driving engine running mark, and wherein oil level gauge places in the petrol container, and the driving engine running mark is obtained by magneto generator electric signal integer; Above-mentioned detecting unit all is connected with signal processing unit;
2) speed and position detection unit:, be connected with signal processing unit for the built-in Hall element of drive motor;
3) battery operated state detection unit comprises: battery voltage detection unit, battery outgoing current and charging detecting unit, battery temperature detecting unit; The battery voltage detection unit is in parallel with battery, and the battery current detecting unit is connected with battery, and the battery temperature detecting unit is close to battery surface, and above-mentioned these unit all are connected with signal processing unit;
4) power inverter state detection unit: form by the driving transducer in the power inverter, input voltage and current signal, output voltage and current signal, temperature sensor in the charger; Temperature sensor is close to the radiator of changer, and all the other all place these circuit corresponding positions, and the mouth of these signals is connected with signal processing unit;
5) control panel interface: comprise that power is given, speed shows, accumulator electric-quantity shows, fuel stock shows, engine condition display control panel interface, this interface is connected with signal processing unit;
6) engine starting unit: semiconductor switch or relay by control actuating motor, internal-combustion engine ignition power supply constitute, and the control end of semiconductor switch or relay is connected with signal processing unit;
7) electric-motor drive unit and charger driver element: constitute by level conversion and signal isolation circuit, be connected with signal processing unit;
8) unit signal processing unit: be made of digital integrated circuit, microprocessor or digital signal processor, with above-mentioned 1)-7) is connected.
When combustion engine powered system and electric propulsion system are driven by the integrated control system decision, comprise respectively or unite driving, and its power is exported by machine driven system; Driven by power directly or by machine driven system provides startup power to combustion engine with actuating motor, and combustion engine then directly or by machine driven system replenishes electric power to electric propulsion system with magneto generator; Integrated control system is collected the operating mode of electric propulsion system and combustion engine powered system, and in conjunction with steering command, forms the control signal to combustion engine powered system and electric propulsion system.
When the drive pattern main idea of hybrid power system of the present invention is low speed by driven by power, during high speed by internal combustion engine drive, during middling speed by electric power separately or both drive simultaneously, the conversion of these drive patterns is all carried out down automatically by integrated manipulator control.Can replenish electric weight by accumulators during internal combustion engine.High speed quicken or during climbing generally still by internal combustion engine, if be necessary then can force electric power to participate in simultaneously driving.
The present invention compares with background technology, and the useful effect that has is:
The integrated hybrid power system that the present invention proposes can make combustion engine, electrical motor and electronic power changer organically combine, and avoids dusty gas the discharging more and battery energy storage low density shortcoming of combustion engine under startup and low speed.Under the frequent situation of traffic lights on the urban highway, avoid combustion engine to carry out the start-up course of low-speed big and idle, and on idle relatively location, urban road, suburbs and road, can bring into play the advantage of internal combustion engine drive vehicle distance.Controller by meticulous development, realize that according to different road conditions and need of work are comprehensive motor-driven, electronic and pin steps on (for the bicycle of hybrid power) separately or complementary operation, guarantee that internal combustion engine is at high efficient area, optimize the economic performance and the emission behavior of car, economy and noise also can obtain further improvement.Simultaneously owing to electrical motor is only starting and low-speed stage work, when coming up slightly, car speed just can carry out battery charging management automatically according to the needs of storage battery, battery does not need the additional dedicated charging, its continual mileage and work life can prolong greatly, and car can significantly reduce the requirement of capacity of cell (with weight).
Description of drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 total system block diagram;
Fig. 2 electric propulsion system figure;
Fig. 3 boosts and buck converter typical circuit topological diagram;
Fig. 4 charges with booster converter current limiting pressure-limiting controlling schemes figure;
Fig. 5 drives with buck converter current limiting pressure-limiting controlling schemes figure;
The typical main circuit diagram of Fig. 6 power inverter;
The driving transducer of Fig. 7 band inverter and charger figure;
The typical major loop figure of the driving transducer of Fig. 8 band inverter;
Fig. 9 bi-directional drive changer figure;
Figure 10 reversible transducer typical circuit topological diagram;
Figure 11 machine driven system functional block diagram;
Figure 12 integrated control system figure;
Changeover program illustration in Figure 13 integrated control system;
Driving transducer control program illustration in Figure 14 integrated control system;
The constructional drawing of Figure 15 hybrid power mini-motorcycle;
Figure 16 electric propulsion system is implemented illustration;
Figure 17 machine driven system figure;
Figure 18 machine driven system functional block diagram.
The specific embodiment
The present invention relates to a kind of integrated hybrid power system,,, be mainly used in the cleaning power system of mini-motorcycle and motor bike towards the driving of the light-duty vehicle for the combination of combustion engine, electrical motor and electronic power changer.This integrated hybrid power system also can be used for the cleaning propulsion source of the light-duty vehicle such as the low-speed small vehicle that logistics such as three-wheel vehicle, mini type tourist car, fork truck carrying platform and other needs start repeatedly and small-sized machine.For saying something conveniently, here mini-motorcycle and motor bike are described system of the present invention as an example.
It below is the various piece explanation of integrated hybrid power system.
As shown in Figure 1, comprising: combustion engine powered system, electric propulsion system, machine driven system, integrated control system; Integrated control system is connected with electric propulsion system, combustion engine powered system respectively, and machine driven system is connected with electric propulsion system, combustion engine powered system respectively, and combustion engine powered system is connected with electric propulsion system; Wherein:
1) combustion engine powered system
Combustion engine powered system is made of four-stroke gasoline engine, petrol container, exhaust noise silencing cleaner, actuating motor and electrical generator etc.; Four-stroke gasoline engine is equipped with exhaust noise silencing cleaner, actuating motor and electrical generator, and petrol container links to each other with four-stroke gasoline engine by oil pipe; In the present invention, the all nonessential parts of common actuating motor in the combustion engine powered system and magneto generator, electric propulsion system can directly drive internal combustion engine start with power by machine driven system, and the required electric power of internal combustion engine usually can be by the electric propulsion system supply, and the required additional electric power supply of electric propulsion system also can drag generating by machine driven system by the electrical generator of self and obtain.When combustion engine powered system emission request needs further to improve, can also the additional purification device in the above-mentioned exhaust gas silencer.
2) electric propulsion system
Electric propulsion system comprises drive motor, storage battery, power inverter as shown in Figure 2; Wherein power inverter comprises driving transducer, charger, accessory feed again, driving transducer and charger are switching power converter, storage battery connects the input end of driving transducer, the mouth of charger and the input end of accessory feed respectively, the horsepower input contact of drive motor connects the mouth of driving transducer and the input end of charger respectively, the rotating shaft of the drive motor tool driving system of meeting sb. at the airport, power inverter connects integrated control system.
Drive motor is powered by driving transducer by storage battery, is in electric motor state; When combustion engine powered system works, drive motor can be operated in the electrical generator state by machine driven system, charger then is transformed into the required charging valtage of storage battery with the terminal voltage of drive motor, and accessory feed provides accessory feed to various piece (as integrated manipulator, internal-combustion engine ignition, actuating motor, gas supply electromagnetic valve etc.) in the whole integrated hybrid power system of the present invention.Although small power motor all self has magneto generator and priming supply at present, these all can be used as the part of accessory feed and are integrated in the power inverter, to develop skill and economic performance.
At the situation of battery tension usually above the drive motor operating voltage, be the buck DC-DC switch converters with driving transducer, charger is step-up DC-DC switch converters for well.The input end of driving transducer connects the mouth of storage battery and charger respectively, and the mouth of driving transducer connects the input end of drive motor and charger respectively, sees accompanying drawing 6; Voltage-dropping type power inverter power circuit wherein is made up of semiconductor switch S, diode D, inductance L, cond C, one termination storage battery of semiconductor switch, the other end of semiconductor switch connects an end of diode and an end of inductance respectively, one end and the drive motor of another termination capacitor of inductance, the other end of diode and electric capacity all connect common port; Booster type power inverter power circuit wherein is made up of semiconductor switch S, diode D1, inductance L and cond C, one termination storage battery of inductance, another termination semiconductor switch of inductance and connect an end of diode, one end of another termination capacitor of diode and mouth drive motor, the other end of semiconductor switch and electric capacity all connect common port; Boost typical circuit topology with reduction voltage circuit that shown in Figure 3 is.Driving transducer and charger all have current limliting, pressure limiting function, shown in Figure 4 is a kind of controlling party case of charging with the booster converter current limiting pressure-limiting, shown in Figure 5 is a kind of controlling schemes that drives with the buck converter current limiting pressure-limiting, and shown in Figure 6 is the typical power circuit of power inverter.Accessory feed is generally the buck DC-DC switch converters.
Drive motor can adopt conventional AC and DC motor, but to adopt the permanent magnetism wheel hub motor more favourable.
When drive motor was the permanent-magnet DC brushless wheel hub motor, power inverter also comprised the inverter of non-brush permanent-magnet DC motor; Driving transducer input termination storage battery wherein, another termination inverter input end of driving transducer, the output termination drive motor of inverter, promptly the permanent-magnet DC brushless wheel hub motor is seen accompanying drawing 7 (a); The input end of charger is connected in the driving transducer and joins between the DC-DC changer and inverter or by internal rectifier and drive motor, sees accompanying drawing 7 (b), 7 (c); The output termination storage battery of charger.Inverter adopts conventional three-phase six switching inverters usually, sees accompanying drawing 8.
When using internal combustion engine drive, magneto-electric machine can directly charge a battery as electrical generator, otherwise need utilize the subsidiary magneto generator of combustion engine.As magneto-electric machine have permanent magnet AC synchronously, classifications such as permanent-magnet DC brushless and permanent-magnet DC brush, non-brush permanent-magnet DC motor wherein has manufacturing with permanent magnet AC locking phase ratio and control is relative simple, compares with permanent-magnet DC brush then to have the characteristics such as simple, that noise is low, the life-span is long of safeguarding.Therefore non-brush permanent-magnet DC motor is more suitable in native system, especially adopts the permanent magnetism wheel hub motor to have more the simple advantage of power output structure.As conventional electric moving aid vehicle, for non-brush permanent-magnet DC motor, driving transducer need be used inverter, and itself also can be operated in the current limiting pressure-limiting state; Usually, current-limiting type DC-DC switching voltage changer and two parts of inverter that driving transducer are divided into shown in Fig. 7 (a) can be worked better.Shown in Fig. 7 (b) is the connection of charger when being with inverter.Charger also can add rectifier by the DC/DC changer and constitute, and the input termination drive motor of rectifier is shown in Fig. 7 (c).When driving transducer itself was exactly inverter, charger also needed to comprise rectifier.Be the typical major loop of the driving transducer of band inverter as shown in Figure 8.
Usually the inverter in the power inverter can be operated in the mobile state of bidirectional power; As adopt bi-directional drive changer shown in Figure 9, by current limiting pressure-limiting type DC-DC changer and inverter be combined into, power inverter work is more reliable, performance is better.The bi-directional drive changer possesses driving transducer and charger two parts function simultaneously, and can save charger.Bidirectional power flow control more complicated, output voltage (proportional with drive motor speed) is given by setting value fully, and benefit is to control deceleration.Because storage battery is aging easily in frequent charge and discharge process, adopts ultracapacitor and storage battery parallel running, bears the task that frequently discharges and recharges by ultracapacitor and relatively helps the extension fixture life-span.
When driving transducer is the bidirectional switch power inverter of pressure limiting, current-limiting type output, its power circuit comprises semiconductor switch S1 and S2, diode D1 and D2, inductance L, cond C, and diode D1 and D2 are discrete or are integrated in semiconductor switch S1 respectively and S2 inside; Shown in Figure 10 is representative type reversible transducer circuit topology example.Inverter as shown in Figure 9 itself also can be reversible transducer (at this moment need control according to the reversible transducer mode of operation), but usually can be better with its control effect of circuit as shown in figure 10.
3) machine driven system
As shown in figure 11, machine driven system adopts combustion engine 1 and drive motor 7 coupling and parallel type of drive, the coupled drive mode by combustion engine by deceleration or speed-changing mechanism and drive motor coupled drive with the gear of automatic centrifugal engagement capability or sprocket wheel, chain; Parallel type of drive by combustion engine by deceleration or speed-changing mechanism and drive motor transmission respectively, by the transmission of two kinds of power of exterior traffic tool wheel realization with the gear of automatic centrifugal engagement capability or sprocket wheel, chain.
Then stepping on sprocket wheel by combustion engine powered output chain gear that has deceleration and automatic centrifugal engagement capability and pin for bicycle with mixed drive power constitutes with two ratchets on the chain gear hind axle respectively.Match with the combustion engine installation site (as Figure 15 and shown in Figure 17), drive motor 7 is installed on the hind axle 8, driven by power adopts the mode of this drive motor direct drive trailing wheel to move, a ratchet 12 is set on the hind axle in addition, power output sprocket 10 by chain 9 and combustion engine links to each other, and power output sprocket 10 links to each other with the output shaft of combustion engine.For bicycle with mixed drive power, on hind axle, increase a ratchet 11 again, link to each other by another chain 14, be connected on pin and step on the sprocket wheel, to realize the manpower transmission.Also can be shared a cover chain gear ratchet system, realize the transmission of two kinds of power.As shown in figure 17 15 be drive wheel, be trailing wheel in this example.
4) integrated control system
Comprise combustion engine powered state of the system detection, speed and position probing, engine starting, battery operated state-detection, signal conditioning, motor-driven, control panel interface, power inverter state-detection, charger driver element; Combustion engine powered state of the system detection and speed and position detection unit connect signal processing unit, and signal processing unit connects battery operated state-detection, control panel interface, power inverter state-detection respectively
Unit, engine starting, motor-driven, charger drive, and engine starting is connected to internal-combustion engine ignition power supply and actuating motor, and drive motor is connected to driving transducer, and charger drives and is connected to charger; As shown in figure 12.
Integrated control system of the present invention adopts the integrated circuit that comprises microcomputer chip, the operation of whole integrated hybrid power system under the overall leadership.Wherein:
1) combustion engine powered state of the system detecting unit is made of oil level gauge and driving engine running mark, and wherein oil level gauge places in the petrol container, and the driving engine running mark is obtained by magneto generator electric signal integer.Above-mentioned detecting unit all is connected with signal processing unit.The driving engine running mark is obtained by magneto generator electric signal integer.Transmit combustion engine powered state of the system to signal processing unit.Through signal conditioning, can obtain to start successful information and engine rotational speed signal by driving engine running mark signal.
2) speed and position detection unit:, be connected with signal processing unit for the built-in Hall element of drive motor.Signal processing unit can obtain the Position And Velocity signal of drive motor rotor by handling this detection signal.
3) battery operated state detection unit comprises: battery voltage detection unit, battery outgoing current and charging detecting unit, battery temperature detecting unit.The battery voltage detection unit is in parallel with battery, and the battery current detecting unit is connected with battery, and the battery temperature detecting unit is close to battery surface.Above-mentioned these unit all are connected with signal processing unit, transmit battery status to signal processing unit.Signal processing unit is by handling these detection signals, can obtain the status informations such as electric weight, horsepower output, charge level of battery.
4) power inverter state detection unit: form by sensors such as the driving transducer in the power inverter, input voltage in the charger and current signal, output voltage and current signal, temperature, temperature sensor is close to the radiator of changer, all the other all place these circuit corresponding positions, the mouth of these signals is connected with signal processing unit, and signal processing unit is by handling input and the transducer status such as horsepower output, current limliting and pressure limiting situation that these signals can obtain changer.
5) control panel interface: comprise the information communication interface of control panels such as power is given, speed demonstration, accumulator electric-quantity demonstration, fuel stock demonstration, engine condition demonstration, this interface is connected with signal processing unit.
6) engine starting unit: semiconductor switch or relay by control actuating motor, internal-combustion engine ignition power supply constitute, and the control end of semiconductor switch or relay is connected with signal processing unit.Under signal processing unit control, storage battery is connected actuating motor and internal-combustion engine ignition power supply respectively, start or extinguish starting internal combustion engines.
7) electric-motor drive unit and charger driver element: constitute by level conversion and signal isolation circuit, be connected, be used to provide working current, the voltage instruction of driving transducer and charging changer with signal processing unit.
8) unit signal processing unit: be made of digital integrated circuit, microprocessor or digital signal processor, with above-mentioned 1)-7) is connected.
The signal that system is obtained by combustion engine powered state of the system detection, speed and position probing, reach steering command from panel interface, through the signal processing unit analyzing and processing, by the mode of operation of unit controls combustion engine such as engine starting, motor-driven and drive motor; Position signal is used for the inverter control to the driving transducer of non-brush permanent-magnet DC motor or synchronous dynamo; The signal (electric current, voltage, electric weight, temperature etc.) that obtains by battery operated state-detection and power inverter state-detection; through the signal processing unit analyzing and processing; work by charger driver element control charger also determines the electric current and voltage size of power inverter, and whether enter protection etc.
Said system has comprised that speed governing, motor-driven control, battery charging and discharging management, speed control, electric current restriction, engine starting are controlled, power system condition managing functions such as (comprising the running state memory), comprises that also the demonstration of panel and manipulation interface (receive as signal: start success or not, speed of a motor vehicle demonstration; Status signal output: enabled instruction, outgoing current restriction instruction, output voltage instruction, audible warning).
The characteristics of this power inverter are by the voltage transformation one-tenth and level that drive motor rotating speed adapt to of Power Conversion with storage battery, to make drive motor allow not produce overcurrent with the maximum torque acceleration when startup and low cruise; Simultaneously, make that by the switch power conversion outgoing current of battery is significantly less than the drive motor electric current under the low speed, prolonged battery life; Internal combustion engine operation allows to drive the charge power supply of electrical generator (or utilizing magneto-electric machine) as storage battery again at a high speed or when falling back to middling speed at a high speed.The output of power inverter is subjected to triple controls of speed of a motor vehicle setting, actual vehicle speed and battery status.In the low rate start stage, outgoing current is controlled to be the maximum constant-current mode; In low, medium velocity section, when speed reached setting speed, electric current adapted to automatically according to load, and controlled target is a speed, took into account maximum output power simultaneously with the protection battery.Be the changeover program example in the integrated control system as shown in figure 13, wherein V is an actual speed, V
1Be the train spacing point of low speed and middling speed, V
2Be middling speed and high-revolving train spacing point.Be lower than V
1For low speed, between V
1With V
2Between for middling speed, be higher than V
2Be at a high speed.
Electromotive power output also will be subjected to the influence of battery condition, be in under-voltage transformation point top in the time of must controlling battery discharge, and protection battery neither overdischarge can extract required power again to greatest extent.Do not allow horsepower output if battery has been in under-voltage condition, make battery obtain electric power by charging earlier.When battery electric quantity was fewer than and starts, the startup of combustion engine needed manpower to help, and this luckily situation seldom sees in hybrid power system, mostly just occur in for a long time need not after first use.Be the control program example of the driving transducer in the integrated control system as shown in figure 14.
When battery was in charge condition, charging modes was to come surely according to the actual conditions of battery, for example works as charging modes.When being in charge condition, charger is by regulating, and the output voltage that can adapt to electrical generator automatically changes.
By driving transducer, the battery over-current phenomenon avoidance of drive motor under low speed overcome, and reduced the over-current shock to battery, improved the operating efficiency and the work life of battery greatly.The manual controllable function of integrated control system, the acceleration/accel when propulsive effort in the time of then can being used for where necessary improving the car climbing and enforcement.
5) examples of implementation
For specifically describing the above-mentioned drive pattern of system, provide specific embodiment on mini-motorcycle wherein here.Be the structure of hybrid power mini-motorcycle as shown in figure 15.Combustion engine powered system is made of four stroke spark ignition driving engine combustion engine, petrol container, exhaust noise silencing cleaner, actuating motor and electrical generator etc.Combustion engine 1 is installed on the framework between saddle standpipe 2 and the rear mudguard 3, and petrol container is fixed on the combustion engine top.Electric propulsion system directly drives internal combustion engine start by machine driven system with power, and the required electric power of internal combustion engine is by the electric propulsion system supply.
Electric propulsion system as shown in figure 16, by formations such as 150W permanent-magnet DC brushless wheel hub motor (if be used for motor bike, then power need be about 1kW), 36V/6Ah power lead acid battery, voltage-dropping type (BUCK) DC-DC switch converters and three-phase square wave inverter (formation driving transducer), booster type (BOOST) DC-DC switching power converter (being used for charger), accessory feeds.Drive motor by storage battery power supply, is operated in electric motor state by driving transducer; When combustion engine powered system works, drive motor can be operated in the electrical generator state by machine driven system, is battery charge by charger.Driving transducer and charger all have current limliting, pressure limiting function; This design-calculated advantage is control ratio easier (consider that common charging current only is about the 1/10-1/3 of drive current, the circulation that is produced can not cause serious consequence yet even if charger and actuator are worked simultaneously).This design-calculated another one characteristics are, speed control has one-way, be that driven by power is only effective in acceleration and speed stabilizing, in case speed surpasses setting value when high speed position is returned low speed (for example handgrip control from), the speed of a motor vehicle is slowed down according to inertia, rather than forced deceleration, this relatively meets traditional driving habit.
Machine driven system adopts speed change to add chain drive.Then stepping on sprocket wheel by combustion engine powered output chain gear that has deceleration and automatic centrifugal engagement capability and pin for bicycle with mixed drive power constitutes with two ratchets on the chain gear hind axle respectively.Match with the combustion engine installation site (as Figure 15 and shown in Figure 17), brushless hub electric motor 7 places on the hind axle 8.Driven by power adopts the mode of this wheel hub motor direct drive trailing wheel to move.A ratchet 12 is set on the hind axle in addition again, and the power output sprocket 10 by chain 9 and combustion engine links to each other, and realizes the combustion engine transmission.For bicycle with mixed drive power, on hind axle, increase a ratchet 11 again, link to each other by another chain 14, can also realize the manpower transmission.Also can be shared a cover chain gear ratchet system, realize the transmission of two kinds of power.Shown in Figure 17 15 is drive wheel, and this example is a trailing wheel.Be machine driven system figure as shown in figure 17.Be the machine driven system functional block diagram as shown in figure 18.
Integrated control system is made of unit such as combustion engine powered state of the system detection, speed and position probing, engine starting detection, battery operated state-detection, signal processing unit, motor-driven, control panel interface, power inverter state-detection, charger drivings.Hall element, signal processing unit that speed and position probing can adopt non-brush permanent-magnet DC motor to carry adopt the 8XC196KB micro controller system of INTEL Corp..
In this integrated control system, the moving velocity of definition hybrid vehicle is three sections: be lower than V
1For low speed, between V
1With V
2Between for middling speed, be higher than V
2Be at a high speed.For bicycle, V
1Be about 5 kilometers/hour, V
2Be about 10 kilometers proper; For motor bike, speed all can be heightened.
The mode of operation of this system is: when car is started to walk, and the integrated control system actuating motor, and by machine driven system powered vehicle starting with accelerate to the velocity amplitude V of setting
1When car by driven by power when low speed segment enters the middling speed section, open actuating motor, make internal combustion engine start, electric power and combustion engine drive jointly; When car speed surpasses setting value V
2When entering high regime, driven by power stops, and by the combustion engine independent drive, and drives the charge power supply of electrical generator as storage battery; And when the speed of a motor vehicle fell back to middling speed by high speed, drive motor was not still worked, and also by the combustion engine independent drive, the internal-combustion engine drives electrical generator is as the charge power supply of storage battery; When falling back to low speed segment by the middling speed section, controlling combustion engine quits work, then is advanced by drive motor independent drive car again.Therefore, all the time by driven by power, whether all the time by internal combustion engine drive, participate in driving at middling speed section drive motor is to be entered by low speed segment or high regime to decide on car then to car in high regime at low speed segment.This setting can be avoided too frequent starting of combustion engine.Whenever by hand-operated forced drive motor and internal combustion engine whether integrated control system also keeps manual controllable function, all can be.
The light-duty vehicle such as the bicycle of the integrated hybrid power system of employing the present invention and motor bike, its moulding and function satisfy the Bicycles and Motorcycles standards and norms, adapt to existing road and environmental regulations, are desirable high-tech environment-friendly type Personal Transporters.Integrated hybrid power system of the present invention is equally applicable to the cleaning propulsion source that logistics such as three-wheel vehicle, mini type tourist car, fork truck carrying platform and other need the light-duty vehicle such as the low-speed small vehicle that starts repeatedly and small-sized machine.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of fuel oil of the light-duty vehicle-electronic integrated hybrid power system comprises:
1) combustion engine powered system: comprise by four-stroke gasoline engine, petrol container, exhaust noise silencing cleaner; Four-stroke gasoline engine is equipped with the exhaust noise silencing cleaner, and petrol container links to each other with four-stroke gasoline engine by oil pipe;
2) electric propulsion system: comprise drive motor, storage battery, power inverter; Wherein power inverter comprises driving transducer, charger, accessory feed again, driving transducer and charger are switching power converter, storage battery connects the input end of driving transducer, the mouth of charger and the input end of accessory feed respectively, the horsepower input contact of drive motor connects the mouth of driving transducer and the input end of charger respectively, the rotating shaft of the drive motor tool driving system of meeting sb. at the airport, power inverter connects integrated control system;
3) machine driven system: comprise combustion engine and drive motor coupled drive and parallel transmission dual mode, the coupled drive mode is: combustion engine is by deceleration or speed-changing mechanism and drive motor coupled drive with the gear of automatic centrifugal engagement capability or sprocket wheel, chain, and it is divided into directly coupling and by two kinds of speed reduction gearing couplings of drive motor again; Parallel type of drive is: by deceleration or speed-changing mechanism and drive motor transmission respectively with the gear of automatic centrifugal engagement capability or sprocket wheel, chain, realize the transmission of two kinds of power by combustion engine by exterior traffic tool wheel;
It is characterized in that integrated control system: comprise combustion engine powered state of the system detection, speed and position probing, engine starting, battery operated state-detection, signal conditioning, motor-driven, control panel interface, power inverter state-detection, charger driver element; Combustion engine powered state of the system detection and speed and position detection unit connect signal processing unit, signal processing unit connects battery operated state-detection, control panel interface, power inverter state detection unit, engine starting, motor-driven, charger driving respectively, engine starting is connected to internal-combustion engine ignition power supply and actuating motor, drive motor is connected to driving transducer, and charger drives and is connected to charger; In integrated control system:
1) combustion engine powered state of the system detecting unit is made of oil level gauge, driving engine running mark, and wherein oil level gauge places in the petrol container, and the driving engine running mark is obtained by magneto generator electric signal integer; Above-mentioned detecting unit all is connected with signal processing unit;
2) speed and position detection unit:, be connected with signal processing unit for the built-in Hall element of drive motor;
3) battery operated state detection unit comprises: battery voltage detection unit, battery outgoing current and charging detecting unit, battery temperature detecting unit; The battery voltage detection unit is in parallel with battery, and the battery current detecting unit is connected with battery, and the battery temperature detecting unit is close to battery surface, and above-mentioned these unit all are connected with signal processing unit;
4) power inverter state detection unit: form by the driving transducer in the power inverter, input voltage and current signal, output voltage and current signal, temperature sensor in the charger; Temperature sensor is close to the radiator of changer, and all the other all place these circuit corresponding positions, and the mouth of these signals is connected with signal processing unit;
5) control panel interface: comprise that power is given, speed shows, accumulator electric-quantity shows, fuel stock shows, engine condition display control panel interface, this interface is connected with signal processing unit;
6) engine starting unit: semiconductor switch or relay by control actuating motor, internal-combustion engine ignition power supply constitute, and the control end of semiconductor switch or relay is connected with signal processing unit;
7) electric-motor drive unit and charger driver element: constitute by level conversion and signal isolation circuit, be connected with signal processing unit;
8) unit signal processing unit: be made of digital integrated circuit, microprocessor or digital signal processor, with above-mentioned 1)-7) is connected.
2, the fuel oil of a kind of light-duty vehicle according to claim 1-electronic integrated hybrid power system, it is characterized in that: machine driven system adopts combustion engine (1) and drive motor (7) coupling and parallel type of drive, the coupled drive mode by combustion engine by deceleration or speed-changing mechanism and drive motor coupled drive with the gear of automatic centrifugal engagement capability or sprocket wheel, chain; Parallel type of drive by combustion engine by deceleration or speed-changing mechanism and drive motor transmission respectively, by the transmission of two kinds of power of exterior traffic tool wheel realization with the gear of automatic centrifugal engagement capability or sprocket wheel, chain; Drive motor (7) is installed on the hind axle (8), driven by power adopts the mode of this drive motor direct drive trailing wheel to move, a ratchet (12) is set on the hind axle in addition, power output sprocket (10) by chain (9) and combustion engine links to each other, and power output sprocket (10) links to each other with the output shaft of combustion engine.For bicycle with mixed drive power, on hind axle, increase a ratchet (11) again, link to each other by another chain (14), be connected on pin and step on the sprocket wheel.
3, the fuel oil of a kind of light-duty vehicle according to claim 1-electronic integrated hybrid power system, it is characterized in that: the driving transducer in the power inverter is a voltage-dropping type DC/DC switch converters, charger is step-up DC/DC switch converters, the input end of driving transducer connects the mouth of storage battery and charger respectively, and the mouth of driving transducer connects the input end of drive motor and charger respectively; Voltage-dropping type power inverter power circuit wherein is made up of semiconductor switch S, diode D, inductance L, cond C, one termination storage battery of semiconductor switch, the other end of semiconductor switch connects an end of diode and an end of inductance respectively, one end and the drive motor of another termination capacitor of inductance, the other end of diode and electric capacity all connect common port; Booster type power inverter power circuit wherein is made up of semiconductor switch S, diode D1, inductance L and cond C, one termination storage battery of inductance, another termination semiconductor switch of inductance and connect an end of diode, one end of another termination capacitor of diode and mouth drive motor, the other end of semiconductor switch and electric capacity all connect common port.
4, the fuel oil of a kind of light-duty vehicle according to claim 1-electronic integrated hybrid power system, it is characterized in that: drive motor is the permanent-magnet DC brushless wheel hub motor, and power inverter also comprises the inverter of non-brush permanent-magnet DC motor; Driving transducer input termination storage battery wherein, another termination inverter input end of driving transducer, the output termination drive motor of inverter, i.e. permanent-magnet DC brushless wheel hub motor; The input end of charger is connected in the driving transducer and joins the output termination storage battery of charger between the DC-DC changer and inverter or by internal rectifier and drive motor.
5, the fuel oil of a kind of light-duty vehicle according to claim 4-electronic integrated hybrid power system is characterized in that: inverter is conventional three-phase six switching inverters.
6, the fuel oil of a kind of light-duty vehicle according to claim 1-electronic integrated hybrid power system, it is characterized in that: driving transducer is the bidirectional switch power inverter of pressure limiting, current-limiting type output, its power circuit comprises semiconductor switch S1 and S2, diode D1 and D2, inductance L, cond C, and diode D1 and D2 are discrete or are integrated in semiconductor switch S1 respectively and S2 inside.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB200410025287XA CN1274523C (en) | 2004-06-15 | 2004-06-15 | Fuel and electric mixed power system of light traffic tool |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB200410025287XA CN1274523C (en) | 2004-06-15 | 2004-06-15 | Fuel and electric mixed power system of light traffic tool |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1583444A CN1583444A (en) | 2005-02-23 |
| CN1274523C true CN1274523C (en) | 2006-09-13 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB200410025287XA Expired - Fee Related CN1274523C (en) | 2004-06-15 | 2004-06-15 | Fuel and electric mixed power system of light traffic tool |
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| CN (1) | CN1274523C (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4462208B2 (en) * | 2006-02-28 | 2010-05-12 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Engine start control device at start of hybrid vehicle |
| CN102211643B (en) * | 2011-05-13 | 2013-01-30 | 重庆和平自动化工程有限公司 | Oil-electric hybrid power control system for electric bicycle |
| DE102013205080A1 (en) * | 2012-04-17 | 2013-10-17 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Powertrain for motor car, has main gear box connected with differential over transmission output shaft, and auxiliary motor connected to output shaft over single-stage auxiliary gear box in order to drive motor car with low speed |
| CN102765460A (en) * | 2012-08-13 | 2012-11-07 | 徐州平安人家电动车制造有限公司 | Power-driven and oil-driven integrated tricycle |
| CN103872911B (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2016-04-13 | 南京西普尔科技实业有限公司 | Super capacitor power-adjustable controller |
| CN113547908B (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2023-07-25 | 易事特集团股份有限公司 | Hybrid power system and control method thereof |
| CN113942491B (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2023-10-31 | 中国北方车辆研究所 | Series hybrid power system and networking hybrid power vehicle energy management method |
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| CN1583444A (en) | 2005-02-23 |
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