CN1273635C - Manufacturing method of cold forming high intensity steel for welded structure - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of cold forming high intensity steel for welded structure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a manufacture method of cold forming and high strength welding structural steel, which belongs to the field of low alloy steel manufacture. In the manufacture method, low-carbon manganese is used as a base, and niobium and titanium microalloyed elements are added as main components; a molten iron desulphurization technology, top and bottom combined blowing of converters, and vacuum treatment are adopted; after the rare earth treatment or calcium treatment technology, smelted molten steel is cast into plate blanks; then, a medium thick plate production technology or a hot continuous rolling production technology is adopted, the plate blanks are rolled into medium thick plates or hot rolled plates. The present invention can be widely used for manufacturing high strength welding structural steel required by various kinds of engineering machinery; the tensile strength of the produced steel is more than 590MPa grade, and the produced steel has good comprehensive mechanical performance, cold and hot working performance, corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance; the produced steel can be used for manual and gas protective welding, and the welding procedure intensity can be effectively lowered; the produced steel can be widely used in enterprises of railway vehicles, load carriers, engineering machinery and the like, and is especially suitable for manufacturing bogie frames used on the railway vehicles of which the speed per hour is more than 140 kilometers.
Description
Affiliated technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of production method of cold-forming high strength Welded Structural Steel, specifically producing a kind of tensile strength is the 590MPa level, method with high strength Welded Structural Steel of good resistance to atmospheric corrosion, fatigue resistance and easy-formation characteristics belongs to microalloyed steel and makes the field.
Background technology
High speed is the important symbol of current railway technology development, and why railway freight-car speed is difficult to improve, and one of important factor is restricted by bogie, and good bogie must be made with good material.In recent years, railway interests constantly developed the bogie of lorry always, to improve the bogie over-all properties, satisfied goods train speed-raising requirement.The bogie of the railway freight-car of speed per hour more than 140 kilometers, its material require to have higher intensity and good comprehensive mechanical performance, particularly transverse toughness and cold-forming and have relatively high expectations.Before the present invention, obtain high strength, high tenacity and the uniform steel plate production method of performance, disclose " Gao Qiang Du Gao Toughness Agencies makes with Steel Ban System and makes method " that flat 10-53812 proposes and specially permit just like the special permission of Japan and disclose " thickness of slab direction Cai Quality differs from little さ い high tensile Steel Ban System making method " that flat 11-279636 communique is proposed.Two production methods mainly are to carry out the controlled rolling of two stages in the operation of rolling, the one, and in the controlled rolling of non-recrystallization temperature province, the 2nd, in the controlled rolling of recrystallization temperature district, and the process of controlled rolling simultaneously speed of cooling.To control cold-peace in addition after the finish to gauge steel plate is carried out normalizing+tempering or modifier treatment.The aforesaid method weak point: the one, the actual difficulty of implementation of industrial production is bigger, can cause performance inconsistency bigger; The 2nd, carry out normalizing+tempering or modifier treatment, production cost is higher; The 3rd, the transverse toughness deficiency does not possess resistance to atmospheric corrosion.So the steel plate that aforesaid method is produced, can not have high strength, high tenacity, stronger resistance to atmospheric corrosion, fatigue resistance and good cold forming capability simultaneously, do not satisfy behind the railway speed increase requirement to the bogie material.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide that a kind of microalloy element is few, production cost is low, big production operation is convenient, do not carry out the cold-forming high strength Welded Structural Steel production method of normalizing+tempering or modifier treatment, make the steel tensile strength of production reach the 590MPa level, have high tenacity, stronger resistance to atmospheric corrosion, fatigue resistance and good cold forming capability simultaneously, can be used to make the bogie behind the railway speed increase.
The present invention provides a kind of production method of cold-forming high strength Welded Structural Steel in order to achieve the above object, it is characterized in that the production stage of steel is:
1. smelt by ultra-clean steel technology, adopt after desulfurizing iron technology, converter top bottom blowing, the vacuum-treat, the chemical ingredients that makes steel percentage ratio meter by weight contains C:0.01～0.12, Si:0.05～0.40, Mn:0.70～1.80, P≤0.025, S≤0.010, Nb:0.005～0.080, V:0.005～0.080, Mo:0.10～0.50, Ni:0.05～0.80, Ti:0.005～0.040, Cu:0.10～0.50, and surplus is Fe and unavoidable impurities;
2. above-mentioned molten steel is carried out rare earth RE and handle, feeding mishmetal silk in crystallizer, feeding wire speed 〉=0.6m/min, feed quantity steel 120～180 grams per ton, control RE/S is 2～3;
Or above-mentioned molten steel is carried out calcium Ca handle, carry out at the ladle furnace station, at first blowing argon gas makes molten steel circulate the back and feeds the silico-calcium cored-wire, and feeding position is at 1/2 place of ladle furnace radius, and the feeding degree of depth is the darkest in 0.8 * ladle furnace height place, the most shallow degree of depth 0.8m; The line feeding amount is ton steel 500～800 grams, and control Ca/S is 1.5～5.0; Wire-feeding velocity: press Vca=0.58h/[δ (1-δ/Dca)] * 10
-3, Vca unit is m/s; H is the Argon degree of depth in the formula, and δ is the cored-wire thickness of scale, and Dca is the silicon-calcium wire diameter, and unit is m; Mix Argon 3～5 minutes again after line feeding is finished during line feeding in the steel ladle bottom argon blowing gas mixing;
3. the pouring molten steel after rare earth processing or the calcium processing is become slab;
4. above-mentioned slab is adopted the Heavy Plate Production technology of a. controlled rolling to be rolled into plate of moderate thickness or to adopt the hot continuous rolling production technique of b. controlled rolling and controlled cooling to be rolled into hot-rolled sheet:
A. controlled rolling Heavy Plate Production technology is with slab heating, rate of heating 8～12min/cm, 1210～1260 ℃ of Heating temperatures; Elder generation's roughing, start rolling temperature 〉=1050 ℃, it is rolling to carry out 5～9 passages at 1000～1100 ℃, and every time draft is no less than 10%, and the accumulative total draft is not less than 70%, and roughing finishes the backlash high pressure water and is quenched to 960～940 ℃, and air cooling is 15～30 seconds then; Carry out 6～10 passage finish rolling at 780～950 ℃ again, every time draft 〉=12%, finishing temperature≤830 ℃ are rolled into plate of moderate thickness;
B. the hot continuous rolling production technique is: slab is heated to 1210～1260 ℃; Every time draft 〉=20% during roughing, accumulative total draft 〉=80%, roughing end temp≤1000 ℃, finish rolling start rolling temperature≤950 ℃, pony-roughing pass draft 〉=20%, last 2 percentage pass reductions 〉=10%, finishing temperature≤800 ℃ are rolled the back and are adopted the laminar flow cooling, speed of cooling 〉=18 ℃/s, 500～600 ℃ of coiling temperatures make hot-rolled sheet.
Production method technical process of the present invention is:
Production method of the present invention is smelted by ultra-clean steel technology, utilizes the desulfurizing iron technology, adopts the converter top bottom blowing, carries out vacuum-treat, and the content of the main chemical compositions of steel has been done qualification:
C of the present invention is 0.01%～0.12%, and C is one of element of indispensable raising steel strength in the steel, in order to protect high tenacity and good cold formability, welding property, C is limited to below 0.12%, not only improves the intensity of steel but also be fit to production operation.Si is 0.05%～0.40%, and Si is the principal element of deoxidation commonly used, and it plays solution strengthening in steel, if Si content in the steel is controlled in 0.25%, also can satisfy the laser cutting demand.Mn content is the speed of cooling when rolling, specifications and characteristics and definite according to product, add 0.70%～1.80% Mn, to improve Mn/C ratio, reduce austenitic transformation and become ferritic transformation temperature, enlarge the hot processing temperature zone, help the refinement ferrite grain size, high Mn hangs down C, can improve the solubility product of Nb (C, N) in austenite, suppress it and in austenite, separate out tendency too early, promote the precipitation strength effect.
The present invention selects Ti 0.005%～0.040%, Ti is a kind of intensive carbide and nitride forming element, in reheating, steel stop austenite crystal to be grown up, and Ti (C, N) separates out when the roughing of high temperature austenite district, suppressing austenite crystal grows up, steel plate is in welding process in addition, and TiN and TiC particle can significantly stop the heat affected zone grain growth in the steel, improve welding property.Ni of the present invention is 0.05%～0.80%, and Ni guarantees the toughness and the solidity to corrosion of steel and improve invar to contain Cu and bring hot-work susceptibility to add.Nb 0.005%～0.080% of the present invention, the Nb of denier be crystal grain thinning and improve the room temperature tensile strength of steel significantly, and Nb is in the controlled rolling process, by suppressing recrystallize and stoping grain growth, refine austenite grain-size.In rolling the postcooling process, the small particle of Nb (C, N) is separated out, and plays the precipitation strength effect.
The present invention selects V 0.005%～0.080%, and V is a kind of suitable intensive carbide element, mainly adjusts precipitation strength, but too high V is harmful to the moulding of steel, toughness and crack sensitivity.Select Cu0.10%～0.50%, mainly work to improve the resistance to atmospheric corrosion of steel and improve intensity.Select Mo 0.10%～0.50%, for reducing the austenite → ferritic transformation temperature of steel in the operation of rolling, and the solubility product of raising Nb (C, N) in austenite, a large amount of Nb are remained in the sosoloid, so that disperse is separated out in the ferrite of low-temperature transformation, to reach precipitation strength effect preferably.The invention belongs to microalloyed steel and make the field, except that containing above-mentioned chemical ingredients, surplus is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
Steel chemical composition also need satisfy welding cold cracking sensitivity coefficient Pcm (%)≤0.20 simultaneously, and formula is:
Pcm(％)＝C+Si/30+(Mn+Cr+Cu)/20+Mo/15+V/10+Ni/60+5B，
Its carbon equivalent Ceq (%)≤0.50, formula is:
Ceq(％)＝C+Mn/6+(Cr+Mo+V)/5+(Ni+Cu)/15。
The molten steel that the present invention smelts adopt rare earth handle or the calcium treatment process after, it is cast for the thick slab of 200～300mm, the hot continuous rolling production technique that adopts the Heavy Plate Production technology of controlled rolling to be rolled into plate of moderate thickness or controlled rolling and controlled cooling again is rolled into hot-rolled sheet.
When adopting rare earth treating process, the molten steel that the present invention smelts in crystallizer, feeds the mishmetal silk, feeding wire speed V 〉=0.6m/min, feed quantity is ton steel 120～180 grams, control RE/S is 2～3, can make sulfide and oxide inclusion nodularization in the steel, the vertical, horizontal performance difference of steel dwindles, and improves solidity to corrosion greatly;
It is to carry out at the ladle furnace station that the molten steel that the present invention smelts adopts calcium to handle, and at 1/2 place of steel teeming ladle radius feeding silico-calcium cored-wire, the calculating of wire-feeding velocity is to consider from silicon-calcium wire fusing angle; The line feeding amount is ton steel 500～800 grams, and Ca/S is 1.5～5.0 in control, can make sulfide and oxide inclusion nodularization in the steel equally, and the vertical, horizontal performance difference of steel dwindles, and improves solidity to corrosion.Mix Argon 3～5 minutes again after line feeding is finished during line feeding in the steel ladle bottom argon blowing gas mixing;
When adopting controlled rolling Heavy Plate Production technology in the production method of the present invention, roughing is carried out multi-pass when rolling in the recrystallization zone, every time draft is no less than 10%, the accumulative total draft is not less than 70%, can make austenite crystal refine to 20 μ m, and roughing finishes the back employing and is quenched to 960～940 ℃ towards 1～2 passage high pressure water, air cooling is 15～30 seconds then, make slab internal and external temperature homogenizing, then enter the finish rolling stage, being rolled into thickness of slab is 10～50mm plate of moderate thickness.
When adopting hot continuous rolling to produce in the production method of the present invention is to give full play to the effect of microalloy element in steel, if adopt the capacity of equipment of high-power milling train, can reduce rolling pass, improve percentage pass reduction, every time draft of roughing 〉=20%, accumulative total draft 〉=80% makes it austenite crystal and refine to below the 15 μ m, roughing end temp≤1000 ℃; Carry out finish rolling after the roughing, cool off, batch, make the hot-rolled sheet that thickness of slab is 3～25mm.
Production method of the present invention has following advantage:
1. production method provided by the invention, few, the big production operation of the microalloy element of employing is convenient, can adapt to big production requirement.
2. production method of the present invention, rare earth is handled or calcium is handled because of having carried out in process of production, make sulfide and oxide inclusion nodularization in the steel, the vertical, horizontal performance difference of steel dwindles, particularly improved the transverse toughness of steel, make transverse toughness good, and improve the solidity to corrosion and the anti-fatigue performance of steel greatly, thereby make steel have good comprehensive mechanical performance.Its tensile strength can reach more than the 590MPa, and laterally-40 ℃ of impacts reach more than the 47J, is suitable for being used to making the roller bearing adapter stabilizer bar behind the railway speed increase, can satisfy the requirement of speed per hour at railway goods train bogie material capability more than 140 kilometers.
3. production method of the present invention is to produce by the steel rolling process production method of controlled rolling or controlled rolling and controlled cooling, does not need steel plate is carried out modifier treatment, so its production cost is lower.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: adopt the inventive method production cold-forming high strength Welded Structural Steel plate of moderate thickness, in 80 tons of converters of steelworks, carry out top bottom blowing, adopt the desulfurizing iron technology, make S content≤0.005% in the molten iron, molten steel is behind blowing argon gas, again through vacuum-treat, the chemical ingredients that makes steel percentage ratio meter by weight contains C:0.09, Si:0.24, Mn:1.22, P:0.012, S:0.007, Nb:0.055, V:0.039, Mo:0.15, Ni:0.15, Ti:0.007, Cu:0.10, and surplus is Fe and unavoidable impurities; Molten steel is steel feeding rare-earth wires 160 grams per ton in crystallizer, and are cast for the slab of 210 * 1050mm section; Then slab is delivered to the medium plate mill and be rolled, slab rate of heating 11min/cm, 1240 ℃ of Heating temperatures; On the 2800mm milling train, be rolled, 1080 ℃ of start rolling temperatures, adopt the controlled rolling of two stages: 6 passages are carried out in roughing at 1000 ℃～1100 ℃ high temperature austenite recrystallization zones rolling, and every time draft adds up draft 80% all more than 13%; Roughing finishes the back and adopts high pressure water to be quenched to 950 ℃, and air cooling is 20 seconds then, makes slab internal and external temperature homogenizing; The finish rolling stage is carried out 8 passages in 780～950 ℃ of high temperature austenite non-recrystallization districts rolling, and every time draft is evenly 12%, and 800 ℃ of finishing temperatures are rolled into the plate of moderate thickness of 8mm thickness.It rolls attitude transverse mechanical performance: yield strength ReL is 520MPa, and tensile strength Rm is 650MPa, unit elongation A
5Be 28% ,-40 ℃ of transverse impact merit A
KvBe 120J.
Embodiment 2: adopt method production cold-forming high strength Welded Structural Steel hot-rolling plate of the present invention, in 250 tons of converters of steelworks, carry out top bottom blowing, adopt the desulfurizing iron technology, make S content≤0.005% in the molten iron, molten steel is after blowing Ar, again through the RH vacuum-treat, the chemical ingredients that makes steel percentage ratio meter by weight contains C:0.04, Si:0.10, Mn:1.60, P:0.014, S:0.001, Nb:0.025, V:0.008, Mo:0.25, Ni:0.50, Ti:0.015, Cu:0.40, and surplus is Fe and unavoidable impurities.Carry out the silico-calcium treatment process then in ladle furnace, first blowing argon gas 2 minutes before the beginning is so that molten steel circulates, and the silico-calcium cored-wire is fed in the back, feeding position is at radius 1/2 place of steel teeming ladle, the feeding degree of depth is the 1.2m place, and the line feeding amount is steel line feeding 700 grams per ton, and wire-feeding velocity is 250m/min; Mix in the steel ladle bottom argon blowing gas mixing during line feeding, Argon 5 minutes again after line feeding is finished makes inclusion floating; Then it is poured into the slab that section is 230 * 1550mm; Enter carry out on the 2250mm hot continuous mill of hot rolling mill rolling, slab reaches 1220 ℃ through heating, every time draft 22% of roughing, accumulative total draft 86%, 980 ℃ of roughing end temps; Finish rolling is on seven frame continuous mills, 930 ℃ of start rolling temperatures, pony-roughing pass draft 25%, last 2 percentage pass reductions 12%, 790 ℃ of finishing temperatures are rolled into the thick steel plate of 14mm through 7 passages, roll the back and adopt laminar flow cooling, 20 ℃/s of speed of cooling, coiling temperature: 550 ℃.Its transverse mechanical performance: yield strength ReL is 510MPa, and tensile strength Rm is 630MPa, unit elongation A
5Be 25% ,-40 ℃ of transverse impact merit A
KvBe 250J.
Table 1 is steel production method of the present invention and traditional high-strength steel production method contrast table, and table 2 is plate property contrast tables that steel production method of the present invention and traditional high-strength steel production method are produced, and A1 and A2 are respectively embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 in the table.Can find out that therefrom with the steel plate that production method of the present invention is produced, cost is low, its performance level exceeds the compared steel performance far away.
Table 1: steel production method of the present invention and traditional high-strength steel production method contrast table
| Distinguish | Grade of steel | Argon and vacuum | Add rare earth | Add silico-calcium | Slab thickness mm | Heating temperature ℃ | Rolling | Cooling | Finishing temperature ℃ | Thickness of slab mm | Roll aftertreatment | ||
| The non-recrystallization district is rolling | The recrystallization zone is rolling | The cooling of non-recrystallization district | The recrystallization zone cooling | ||||||||||
| The present invention | A1 | Have | Have | Do not have | 210 | 1240 | Have | Have | Do not have | Do not have | 800 | 8 | Air cooling |
| A2 | Have | Do not have | Have | 230 | 1220 | Have | Have | Do not have | Do not have | 790 | 12 | Control cold | |
| Comparative example | B1 | Have | Do not have | Do not have | 220 | 1180 | Have | Have | Have | Have | 810 | 18 | Normalizing+tempering |
| B2 | Have | Do not have | Do not have | 280 | 1140 | Have | Have | Do not have | Have | 790 | 25 | Discontinuous quickens cooling | |
Table 2: steel production method of the present invention and traditional high-strength steel production method are produced the plate property contrast table
| Distinguish | Grade of steel | R eL MPa | R m MPa | A 5 ％ | Ballistic work | Fatigue resistance | Erosion resistance | Cold formability | ||
| Direction | Temperature ℃ | J | ||||||||
| Example of the present invention | A1 | 520 | 650 | 28 | Laterally | -40 | 120 | Good | Good | Good |
| A2 | 510 | 630 | 25 | Laterally | -40 | 250 | Good | Good | Good | |
| Comparative example | B1 | 460 | 560 | 19 | Vertically | -20 | 60 | Difference | Difference | Generally |
| B2 | 430 | 560 | 20 | Vertically | -20 | 80 | Generally | Difference | Generally | |
Method of the present invention can be widely used in producing the required high strength Welded Structural Steel of all kinds of engineering machinery, the steel tensile strength of producing is the 590MPa level, have high tenacity, stronger resistance to atmospheric corrosion, fatigue resistance and good cold forming capability simultaneously, be particularly suitable for being used to making the roller bearing adapter stabilizer bar behind the railway speed increase.
Claims (1)
1. the production method of a cold-forming high strength Welded Structural Steel is characterized in that the production stage of steel is:
1. smelt by ultra-clean steel technology, adopt after desulfurizing iron technology, converter top bottom blowing, the vacuum-treat, the chemical ingredients that makes steel percentage ratio meter by weight contains C:0.01～0.12, Si:0.05～0.40, Mn:0.70～1.80, P≤0.025, S≤0.010, Nb:0.005～0.080, V:0.005～0.080, Mo:0.10～0.50, Ni:0.05～0.80, Ti:0.005～0.040, Cu:0.10～0.50, and surplus is Fe and unavoidable impurities;
2. above-mentioned molten steel is carried out rare earth RE and handle, feeding mishmetal silk in crystallizer, feeding wire speed 〉=0.6m/min, feed quantity steel 120～180 grams per ton, control RE/S is 2～3;
Or above-mentioned molten steel is carried out calcium Ca handle, carry out at the ladle furnace station, at first blowing argon gas makes molten steel circulate the back and feeds the silico-calcium cored-wire, and feeding position is at 1/2 place of ladle furnace radius, and the feeding degree of depth is the darkest in 0.8 * ladle furnace height place, the most shallow degree of depth 0.8m; The line feeding amount is ton steel 500～800 grams, and control Ca/S is 1.5～5.0; Wire-feeding velocity: press V
Ca=0.58h/[δ (1-δ/D
Ca)] * 10
-3, V
CaUnit is m/s; H is the Argon degree of depth in the formula, and δ is the cored-wire thickness of scale, D
CaBe the silicon-calcium wire diameter, unit is m; Mix Argon 3～5 minutes again after line feeding is finished during line feeding in the steel ladle bottom argon blowing gas mixing;
3. the pouring molten steel after rare earth processing or the calcium processing is become slab;
4. adopt the Heavy Plate Production technology of a. controlled rolling to be rolled into plate of moderate thickness above-mentioned slab
Or adopt the hot continuous rolling production technique of b. controlled rolling and controlled cooling to be rolled into hot-rolled sheet:
A. controlled rolling Heavy Plate Production technology is with slab heating, rate of heating 8～12min/cm, 1210～1260 ℃ of Heating temperatures; Elder generation's roughing, start rolling temperature 〉=1050 ℃, it is rolling to carry out 5～9 passages at 1000～1100 ℃, and every time draft is no less than 10%, and the accumulative total draft is not less than 70%, and roughing finishes the backlash high pressure water and is quenched to 960～940 ℃, and air cooling is 15～30 seconds then; Carry out 6～10 passage finish rolling at 780～950 ℃ again, every time draft 〉=12%, finishing temperature≤830 ℃ are rolled into plate of moderate thickness;
B. the hot continuous rolling production technique is: slab is heated to 1210～1260 ℃; Every time draft 〉=20% during roughing, accumulative total draft 〉=80%, roughing end temp≤1000 ℃, finish rolling start rolling temperature≤950 ℃, pony-roughing pass draft 〉=20%, last 2 percentage pass reductions 〉=10%, finishing temperature≤800 ℃ are rolled the back and are adopted the laminar flow cooling, speed of cooling 〉=18 ℃/s, 500～600 ℃ of coiling temperatures make hot-rolled sheet.
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| CN 200410013031 CN1273635C (en) | 2004-04-14 | 2004-04-14 | Manufacturing method of cold forming high intensity steel for welded structure |
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