CN1270830C - Highly efficient ore dressing system of medium-low class aluminium ore - Google Patents
Highly efficient ore dressing system of medium-low class aluminium ore Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a middle-grade and low-grade bauxites dressing method. The method uses the middle-grade and low-grade diasporite bauxites as raw materials. The method has the main points that technological processes of selective grinding, classification, desliming, concentration and narrow-level floatation are adopted, wherein the selective grinding adopts a ball mill or a vibrating mill; the classification adopts a hydraulic cyclone to separate qualified ore concentrates with coarse particles; the desliming and the concentration adopt a hydraulic cyclone to remove ore slime of smaller than 10 mum, and ore slurry is concentrated to satisfy the requirement of the concentration of the ore slurry for the subsequent floatation; the narrow-level floatation adopts a direct flotation technology, and adopts flotation agents: a collecting agent is a fatty acid class; a dispersing agent is sodium carbonate. The ore concentrates with the coarse particles obtained by the classification and ore concentrates obtained by the floatation are mixed to form final mixed ore concentrates, the ratio of alumina to silica of the ore concentrates with the coarse particles is more than 9, the yield is from 30 to 50%, the recovery rate of Al2O3 is from 40 to 50%, the ratio of alumina to silica of the mixed ore concentrates is from 9 to 10, and the recovery rate of Al2O3 is more than 88%. The present invention has the advantages of simple technological process structures, low production cost, stable running, stable indexes, and strong adaptability to the middle-grade and low-grade diasporite bauxites.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of processing method of bauxite, particularly relate to a kind of beneficiation method of middle-low bauxite.
Background technology
Bauxite is a kind of important strategic resource, is the important source material of aluminum oxide industry, refractory industry and building materials industry.Bauxite resource is abundant in the world, mainly is distributed in Australia, Guinea, Vietnam, Jamaica, India, Surinam, Indonesia, Greece and China.Ore type mainly is divided into: gibbsite type, boehmite type and diaspore type.External majority is a gibbsite type, is characterized in that the low silicon of aluminium is low, and alumina silica ratio height, iron oxide content are generally all higher.
China's bauxite resource is abundant, and ore mostly is diaspore type.Bauxite aluminium-silicon accounts for 85.61% of national reserves than being distributed between 4～10 more.Alumina silica ratio only accounts for 1/3 greater than 7 bauxite reserves.Alumina silica ratio distribution proportion maximum be between 4～7, its reserves account for 60% of gross reserves, and the overwhelming majority is high alumina, high silicon, low iron, fine-grained disseminated grain diaspore type, and therefore the washing difficulty can not adopt the external conventional alumina producing Bayer process that generally adopts economically.At present, the main aluminum oxide industry of China adopts soda lime sintering process and series-parallel connection combination method to produce aluminium oxide, but relatively there are the energy consumption height in this production method and the external conventional Bayer process of handling high-grade bauxite, shortcomings such as technological process is long, construction investment is big, manufacturing cost height.
Diaspore type bauxite is mainly by 4 class mineral compositions: 1) aluminum-containing mineral is mainly diaspore; 2) siliceous mineral comprises kaolinite, illite and pyrophyllite etc.; 3) iron mineral comprises goethite, limonite, bloodstone, pyrite etc.; 4) titanium mineral comprises anatase, rutile etc.Diaspore is the form output of cryptocrystalline or crystallite aggregate more, in close relations with mineral such as siliceous mineral, iron oxide mineral, and embedding cloth is thinner.The characteristics of diaspore type bauxite are: the high silicon height of aluminium, alumina silica ratio is low.Oxide content is general also lower.Thereby aluminium silicon separates, and improving alumina silica ratio is the emphasis of China's ore concentration of bauxite.
At present, the bauxite technological process of research and development mainly contains following several:
(1) fine grinding direct flotation flow process
The characteristics of this technological process are that a fine grinding is directly carried out flotation afterwards, and different is the structure difference of flotation flowsheet.Many in the past employing secondaries are roughly selected the primary cleaning flow process, and by the flotation operation flowage structure is optimized, general characteristics are that selected number of times increases at present, have proposed two kinds of flow processs of independent flotation of selected operation chats and chats classification simultaneously.Because fine grinding makes granularity of concentrate thin partially, and a large amount of argillizations of mineral, influences the FLOTATION SEPARATION effect, the concentrate alumina silica ratio is on the low side, and the consumption of floating agent is bigger simultaneously.
(2) stage grinding stage grading technology
The characteristics of this technological process are corase grind flotation output part concentrate, one section flotation tailing regrinding and reconcentration.Predictive desliming flow process and two sections hydrophobic poly-bolus flow journeys of selectivity have been developed on this basis.The predictive desliming flow process is the character according to the easy argillization of gangue before the secondary grinding, and desliming before secondary grinding has reduced the influence of sludge to flotation, has improved the concentration (weight concentration, down together) and the grinding efficiency of the operation of regrinding; The characteristics of two sections hydrophobic poly-bolus flow journeys of selectivity are to make the poly-group of hydrophobic particulate by importing mechanical energy, increase the apparent size of recycle object, have improved the dynamic behavior of fine particles flotation, improve the particulate rate of recovery.
Though it is selected that stage grinding stage grading technology has realized corase grind first, broken through the situation of bauxite fine grinding sorting, technology is relatively complicated, and the floating agent consumption is bigger.
(3) stage grinding once sorts flow process
This technological process is the flotation of raw ore corase grind, the flotation tailing classification, and coarse grain returns regrinding and reconcentration, and particulate is as true tailings.Proposed in theory to be the target of dissociating with diaspore enrichment zoarium, with diaspore and rich intergrowth thereof is the new approaches of capture and recycle object, broken through the technical thought that, ore dressing and desiliconizing thin because of the diaspore disseminated grain size should fine grinding, and made full use of the character of the easy argillization of gangue mineral, make sludge pass through flow process fast, reduced the influence of sludge, but the floating agent consumption is bigger to flotation.
(4) classification-flotation flowsheet
Classification-flotation process is to adopt conventional ore grinding; Adopt graded operation that raw material is divided into different grades then, be characterized in obtaining a part of coarse-grain coarse ore concentrate by classification before flotation operation, fine tailings carries out sorting, has therefore reduced the processing ore deposit amount and the reagent consumption of flotation operation.But the alumina silica ratio of coarse-grain coarse ore concentrate is on the low side, and when the raw ore alumina silica ratio was lower than 5, the alumina silica ratio of coarse grain only about 6, influenced the alumina silica ratio of final bulk concentrate.In addition, the rough concentrate productive rate requires control strict, otherwise production target easily fluctuates, and is relatively poor to the adaptability of raw material; Sludge influences floatation indicators.
(5) flotation-classification flow process
This technological process is that the classification and flotation two operations of classification-floatation process are exchanged outwardly, but coarse grain will pass through flotation operation, so the reagent consumption amount is greater than classification-flotation process.
(6) coarse and fine separation technological process
This technology is according to the mineralogy features of China's bauxite, proposes at coarse grain and fine particle separation condition difference, be characterized in raw ore is classified into thickness two grades, adopt rational dressing method respectively, and build good sorting environment, improved the efficiency of separation, reduce the ore dressing processing cost, this technology floating agent consumption is bigger.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is in order to overcome the deficiency of prior art, seek a kind of new efficient beneficiation method of middle-low bauxite, formulate corresponding technological process, obtain alumina silica ratio greater than 9 concentrate; Improve the beneficiating efficiency and the production capacity of diaspore, it is simple to reach technological process, and production cost is low, satisfies the requirement of alumina producing Bayer process to the beneficiation concentrate quality.
The technical scheme that realizes the object of the invention is: with middle low-grade diasporite bauxite is raw material, adopts the technological process of " the narrow rank flotation of selective milling---classification---desliming, concentrate---" to carry out ore dressing, obtains alumina silica ratio greater than 9, Al
2O
3The rate of recovery is greater than 88% concentrate product, to satisfy the requirement of alumina producing Bayer process to raw material.
The concrete technological parameter of above-mentioned each operation of technological process is:
1, is raw material with middle low-grade diasporite bauxite, drops into Grinding procedure through pulverizing;
2, selective milling.Adopt wet ball mill ore grinding or wet vibration mill
Wet ball-milling, its spherical medium proportioning is Φ 30mm: Φ 20mm: Φ 15mm=30%: 50%: 20%, grinding medium filling ratio was 40%, material ball ratio is 1.2, and rotational speed rate is 91%, ore grinding weight concentration 70%, ore grinding time 8min, mog reach-200 orders and account for 48～55%.
The wet vibration mill, its spherical medium proportioning is Φ 40mm: Φ 30mm: Φ 20mm=20%: 30%: 50%, amplitude 2.3mm, grinding medium filling ratio is 75%, the ore grinding weight concentration is 70%, material ball ratio 0.9, and the ore grinding time is that 5min, product granularity-200 order account for 48～55%.
3, classification, purpose are that qualified concentrate product is separated, and equipment is chosen hydrocyclone
(1) when above-mentioned operation adopts the wet ball mill ore grinding, control d
50Be 0.11mm, the structural parameters and the operating parameter of its classification hydrocyclone are as follows:
Mineral-feeding pipe diameter/overfall tube diameter=0.4～0.8, overfall tube diameter/cyclone diameter=0.2～0.4, spigot diameter/overfall tube diameter=0.2～0.5, the cone angle of cyclone is 20 °, gives ore deposit pressure 0.06～0.12MPa, gives ore deposit weight concentration 30～50%.
(2) when above-mentioned operation adopts wet vibration mill ore grinding, control d
50Be 0.080mm, the structural parameters and the operating parameter of its classification hydrocyclone are as follows:
Mineral-feeding pipe diameter/overfall tube diameter=0.6～1.0, overfall tube diameter/cyclone diameter=0.2～0.4, spigot diameter/overfall tube diameter=0.4～0.7, the cone angle of cyclone is 20 °, gives ore deposit pressure 0.1～0.15MPa, gives ore deposit weight concentration 30～50%.
4, desliming, concentrated, purpose is that the sludge less than 10 microns is removed, and ore pulp is concentrated, and satisfies the requirement of follow-up flotation operation to pulp density, the equipment choosing hydrocyclone, its structural parameters and operating parameter are as follows:
Mineral-feeding pipe diameter/overfall tube diameter=0.4～0.8, overfall tube diameter/cyclone diameter=0.21～0.4, spigot diameter/overfall tube diameter=0.3～0.5, the cone angle of cyclone is 15 °, gives ore deposit pressure 0.12～0.20MPa, gives ore deposit weight concentration 10～30%.
5, direct floatation process is adopted in narrow rank flotation, ore pulp weight concentration 30～40%, and flotation time 7～10min, floating agent and consumption are: collecting agent selected fatty acid class, consumption are 0.5～1.0kg/t raw ore; Dispersant (adjustment agent) is a sodium carbonate, and consumption is 1.5～2.0kg/t raw ore.
6, graded operation gained coarse-grain coarse ore concentrate and flotation concentrate merge, and obtain final bulk concentrate product.
The present invention compared with the prior art, significant technical characterstic and benefit are: can reach according to technological process product index that ore dressing obtains of the present invention:
(1) gained coarse-grain coarse ore concentrate after the classified operation: alumina silica ratio is greater than 9, and productive rate reaches 30～50%, Al
2O
3The rate of recovery 40～50%;
(2) last gained bulk concentrate: alumina silica ratio is 9～10, Al
2O
3The rate of recovery is greater than 88%;
(3) process structure is simple, production cost is low, operate steadily, index stable, and centering low-grade diasporite bauxite has stronger adaptive capacity;
(4) adopt selective milling, the overground phenomenon of valuable mineral of having avoided conventional ore grinding to produce has been improved follow-up flotation operation environment, because grinding particle size is thicker, has saved the ore grinding energy simultaneously;
(5) adopt graded operation, obtain part qualified concentrate containing product, can reduce the ore deposit amount that subsequent job is handled, reduced number of devices and floating agent consumption; Concentrate good product quality (alumina silica ratio of coarse-grain coarse ore concentrate greater than 9, bulk concentrate alumina silica ratio reach 9～10), index are stable;
(6) desliming, concentrated operation provide good condition for follow-up flotation operation, and improving of floatation indicators had important function;
(7) influence of sludge to floatation process and index got rid of in narrow rank flotation, efficiency of separation height.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the efficient mineral processing circuit figure of middle-low bauxite of the present invention.
Among the figure: 1, selective milling (wet ball mill or vibromill), 2, classification (hydrocyclone), 3, desliming, concentrate (hydrocyclone), 4, narrow rank flotation
The specific embodiment
Raw material is all selected Great Wall, Henan Chinalco bauxite for use in the following example, and main aluminum-containing mineral is a diaspore, and other mineral mainly contain kaolinite, illite, pyrophyllite, goethite and bloodstone etc.It is as shown in the table for the chemical analysis of mineral result.
The chemical analysis results of table raw material
| Composition | Al 2O 3 (％) | SiO 2 (％) | Fe 2O 3 (％) | TiO 2 (％) | Loss on ignition (%) | Impurity (%) | Al 2O 3/SiO 2 |
| Content | 65.32 | 11.10 | 4.88 | 3.12 | 13.64 | All the other | 5.88 |
Example 1: the raw material of pulverizing is adopted the ball mill ore grinding.The condition of work of ball milling is as follows: ball mill specification Φ 305 * 305mm, the wet ball mill ore grinding, spherical medium diameter and proportioning are Φ 30mm: Φ 20mm: Φ 15mm=30%: 50%: 20%, grinding medium filling ratio is 40%, material ball ratio is 1.2, and rotational speed rate is 91%, ore grinding weight concentration 70%, ore grinding time 8min, mog reach-200 orders and account for 48.22%.It is 30% ore pulp that products obtained therefrom is made into weight concentration, adopts hydrocyclone to carry out classification, control d
50Be 0.11mm, the structural parameters and the operating parameter of hydrocyclone are as follows: diameter 50mm, feed port diameter 10mm, overfall tube diameter 13mm, spigot diameter 6mm, 20 ° of cone angles, give ore deposit pressure 0.06MPa, can obtain alumina silica ratio 9.18, productive rate with this understanding and be 43.34%, Al
2O
3The rate of recovery is 47.05% coarse fraction concentrate.The cyclone overflow is carried out desliming, is concentrated, and adopts hydrocyclone, and its structural parameters are as follows: diameter 50mm, 15 ° of cone angles, feed port diameter 8mm, overfall tube diameter 12mm, spigot diameter 5mm, give ore deposit pressure 0.20MPa, give ore deposit weight concentration 10%.The cyclone overflow is abandoned, and sand setting is made into certain density slip and carries out flotation, and flotation conditions is as follows: ore pulp weight concentration 30%, flotation time 7min; Collecting agent adopts oxidized paraffin wax soap, and consumption is the 500g/t raw ore; Dispersant sodium carbonate, consumption is the 1.5kg/t raw ore, obtains flotation concentrate.Coarse-grain coarse ore concentrate mix with flotation concentrate final bulk concentrate, the alumina silica ratio of bulk concentrate is 9.67, Al
2O
3The rate of recovery is 88.94%.
Example 2: mog-200 order accounts for 52.55%, and it is 40% ore pulp that ore milling product is made into weight concentration, the graded operation hydrocyclone give ore deposit pressure 0.09MPa, give ore deposit weight concentration 40%; Desliming, concentrate the operation hydrocyclone give ore deposit pressure 0.12MPa, give ore deposit weight concentration 30%; Flotation pulp weight concentration 35%, flotation time 8min, collecting agent adopts enuatrol, and consumption is the 825g/t raw ore: dispersant sodium carbonate, consumption is the 1.8kg/t raw ore, obtains flotation concentrate.Other conditions are with example 1, can get alumina silica ratio and be 9.47, productive rate 43.23%, Al
2O
3The rate of recovery is 47.89% coarse fraction concentrate, and the alumina silica ratio of bulk concentrate is 9.38, Al
2O
3The rate of recovery is 88.56%.
Example 3: mog-200 order accounts for 54.96%, and it is 50% ore pulp that ore milling product is made into weight concentration, graded operation, hydrocyclone give ore deposit pressure 0.12MPa, give ore deposit weight concentration 50%; Desliming, concentrate the operation hydrocyclone give ore deposit pressure 0.16MPa, give ore deposit weight concentration 20%; Flotation pulp weight concentration 40%, flotation time 10min, collecting agent adopts oxidized paraffin wax soap and enuatrol confection (oxidized paraffin wax soap: enuatrol=1: 1, weight ratio), and consumption is the 1000g/t raw ore; Dispersant sodium carbonate, consumption is 2.0kg/t, obtains flotation concentrate.Other conditions are with example 1, can get alumina silica ratio and be 9.28, productive rate 43.52%, Al
2O
3The rate of recovery is 47.16% coarse fraction concentrate, and the alumina silica ratio of bulk concentrate is 9.57, Al
2O
3The rate of recovery is 88.11%.
Example 4: raw material is a Henan bauxite.Adopt the vibromill ore grinding.The condition of work of vibromill is as follows: wet grinding, grinding medium filling ratio are 75%, ore grinding weight concentration 70%, material ball ratio 0.9, spherical medium proportioning Φ 40mm Φ 30mm: Φ 20mm=20%: 30%: 50%, amplitude 2.3mm is that 5min, product granularity-200 order account for 48.19% in the ore grinding time.It is 30% ore pulp that products obtained therefrom is made into weight concentration, adopts hydrocyclone to carry out classification, control d
50Be 0.80mm, the structural parameters and the operating parameter of hydrocyclone are as follows: diameter 50mm, feed port diameter 10mm, overfall tube diameter 14mm, spigot diameter 6mm, 20 ° of cone angles, give ore deposit pressure 0.1MPa, can obtain alumina silica ratio 9.09, productive rate with this understanding and be 46.55%, Al
2O
3The rate of recovery is 50.67% coarse fraction concentrate.The cyclone overflow is carried out desliming, is concentrated, and adopts hydrocyclone, and its structural parameters are as follows: diameter 50mm, 15 ° of cone angles, feed port diameter 8mm, overfall tube diameter 12mm, spigot diameter 5mm, give ore deposit pressure 0.20MPa, give ore deposit weight concentration 10%.The cyclone overflow is abandoned, and sand setting is made into certain density slip and carries out flotation, and flotation conditions is as follows: pulp density 30%, flotation time 7min, and collecting agent adopts oxidized paraffin wax soap, and consumption is the 500g/t raw ore; Dispersant sodium carbonate, consumption is the 1.5kg/t raw ore, obtains flotation concentrate.Coarse-grain coarse ore concentrate mix with flotation concentrate final bulk concentrate, the alumina silica ratio of bulk concentrate is 9.87, Al
2O
3The rate of recovery is 88.61%.
Example 5: mog-200 order accounts for 51.44%, and it is 40% that ore milling product is made into weight concentration, hydrocyclone give ore deposit pressure 0.15MPa, give ore deposit weight concentration 40%; Desliming, concentrate the operation hydrocyclone give ore deposit pressure 0.12MPa, give ore deposit weight concentration 30%; Flotation pulp weight concentration 35%, flotation time 8min, collecting agent adopts enuatrol, and consumption is the 825g/t raw ore; Dispersant sodium carbonate, consumption is the 1.8kg/t raw ore, obtains flotation concentrate.Other conditions are with example 4, can get alumina silica ratio and be 9.22, productive rate 43.47%, Al
2O
3The rate of recovery is 47.50% coarse fraction concentrate, and the alumina silica ratio of bulk concentrate is 9.95, Al
2O
3The rate of recovery is 88.17%.
Example 6: mog-200 order accounts for 55%, and it is 50% ore pulp that ore milling product is made into weight concentration, the graded operation hydrocyclone give ore deposit pressure 0.12MPa, give ore deposit weight concentration 50%; Desliming, concentrate the operation hydrocyclone give ore deposit pressure 0.16MPa, give ore deposit weight concentration 20%; Flotation pulp weight concentration 40%, flotation time 10min, collecting agent adopts oxidized paraffin wax soap and enuatrol confection (oxidized paraffin wax soap: enuatrol=1: 1, weight ratio), and consumption is the 1000g/t raw ore; Dispersant sodium carbonate, consumption is the 2.0kg/t raw ore, obtains flotation concentrate.Other conditions are with example 4, can get alumina silica ratio and be 9.17, productive rate 43.76%, Al
2O
3The rate of recovery is 47.48% coarse fraction concentrate, and the alumina silica ratio of bulk concentrate is 9.34, Al
2O
3The rate of recovery is 88.20%.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of beneficiation method of middle-low bauxite, with middle low-grade diasporite bauxite is raw material, pulverize, it is characterized in that adopting the technological process of " the narrow rank flotation of selective milling---classification---desliming, concentrate---" to carry out ore dressing, its concrete processing step and technological parameter are as follows:
1), will pulverize raw material enters the selective milling operation, selective milling employing wet ball mill ore grinding or wet vibration mill ore grinding
Wet ball-milling, its spherical medium proportioning is Ф 30mm: Ф 20mm: Ф 15mm=30%: 50%: 20%, grinding medium filling ratio was 40%, and material ball ratio is 1.2, and rotational speed rate is 91%, ore grinding weight concentration 70%, ore grinding time 8min;
The wet vibration mill, its spherical medium proportioning is Ф 40mm: Ф 30mm: Ф 20mm=20%: 30%: 50%, amplitude 2.3mm, grinding medium filling ratio were 75%, and the ore grinding weight concentration is 70%, material ball ratio 0.9, the ore grinding time is 5min;
Two kinds of grinding modes all reach-200 orders and accounted for 48～55% o'clock at product granularity, put into graded operation,
2), classification, equipment is chosen hydrocyclone, its technological parameter is:
A, when adopting the wet ball mill ore grinding, control d
50Be 0.11mm, the ore deposit pressure of giving of cyclone is 0.06～0.12MPa, gives ore deposit weight concentration 30～50%;
B, when above-mentioned operation adopts wet vibration mill ore grinding, control d
50Be 0.080mm, cyclone give ore deposit pressure 0.1～0.15MPa, give ore deposit weight concentration 30～50%;
Coarse grain ore deposit after the separation and final concentrate merge, and overflow substance enters,
3), desliming, concentrate, the equipment choosing hydrocyclone, its technological parameter is:
Give ore deposit pressure 0.12～0.20MPa, give ore deposit weight concentration 10～30%; Overflow substance discharging through desliming, after concentrating, the sand setting after concentrating is put into,
4) narrow rank flotation, direct floatation process is adopted in flotation, ore pulp weight concentration 30～40%, flotation time 7～10min, floating agent and consumption are: collecting agent selected fatty acid class, consumption are 0.5～1.0kg/t raw ore; Dispersant is a sodium carbonate, and consumption is 1.5～2.0kg/t raw ore; The coarse-grain coarse ore concentrate that concentrate after the process flotation and graded operation obtain is merged into bulk concentrate product, tailings discharging.
2, according to the beneficiation method of the described middle-low bauxite of claim 1, when it is characterized in that adopting the ball mill ore grinding, mineral-feeding pipe diameter/overfall tube diameter=0.4～0.8 of the selected hydrocyclone of graded operation, overfall tube diameter/cyclone diameter=0.2～0.4, spigot diameter/overfall tube diameter=0.2～0.5, the cone angle of cyclone are 20 °; When above-mentioned operation adopts the vibromill ore grinding, mineral-feeding pipe diameter/overfall tube diameter=0.6～1.0 of the selected hydrocyclone of graded operation, overfall tube diameter/cyclone diameter=0.2～0.4, spigot diameter/overfall tube diameter=0.4～0.7, the cone angle of cyclone is 20 °.
3, according to the beneficiation method of the described middle-low bauxite of claim 1, it is characterized in that when desliming, when concentrating operation, mineral-feeding pipe diameter/overfall tube diameter=0.4～0.8 of selected hydrocyclone, overfall tube diameter/cyclone diameter=0.21～0.4, spigot diameter/overfall tube diameter=0.3～0.5, the cone angle of cyclone are 15 °.
4,, it is characterized in that the used collecting agent fatty acid of flotation is the confection of oxidized paraffin wax soap or enuatrol or oxidized paraffin wax soap and enuatrol according to the beneficiation method of the described middle-low bauxite of claim 1.
5, according to the beneficiation method of the described middle-low bauxite of claim 4, when it is characterized in that the used collecting agent of flotation is oxidized paraffin wax soap and enuatrol confection, its weight proportion oxidized paraffin wax soap: enuatrol=1: 1.
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| CN102060303A (en) * | 2010-12-03 | 2011-05-18 | 孝义市天章铝业有限公司 | Method for preparing artificial mullite raw material by bauxite |
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