CN1269550C - Modified method of pressure swing adsorption - Google Patents
Modified method of pressure swing adsorption Download PDFInfo
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- CN1269550C CN1269550C CN 02146795 CN02146795A CN1269550C CN 1269550 C CN1269550 C CN 1269550C CN 02146795 CN02146795 CN 02146795 CN 02146795 A CN02146795 A CN 02146795A CN 1269550 C CN1269550 C CN 1269550C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a pressure-changed adsorption method which comprises at least four adsorption beds. An adsorption and recycling process comprises the following steps of adsorption, pressure equalizing and dropping for many times, forward discharge, backward discharge, backward washing, pressure equalizing and raising for many times, final pressure raising, etc. The present invention is characterized in that forward gas discharged in the forward discharge step of one adsorption bed provides backward washing gas simultaneously for at least two other adsorption beds directly or via a forward gas tank; in the last backward washing step, the forward gas discharged in the forward discharge step of one adsorption bed provides washing gas and subsidiary pressure raising gas for another adsorption bed backward washing gas directly or via the forward gas tank, and simultaneously provides backward washing gas for at least another adsorption bed. The method can enhance the gas recovery rate and the adsorption capacity of a product of a pressure-changed adsorption system, and reduce investment for the pressure-changed adsorption system. Thereby, the method can be widely applied to the clarification process or the purification process of various kinds of gas pressure-changed adsorption.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the adsorption separation technology field, a kind of more specifically transformation absorption (being called for short PSA) method from various gas mixtures isolated or purified gas component.
Background technology
Transformation absorption (being called for short PSA) as an important branch of adsorption separation process, is mainly used in the isolation and purification of various process gas mixture.For example, be used for removing light hydrocarbon, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide etc. from the various hydrogen mixed gas that contain, to produce the pure hydrogen gas (purity is usually greater than 98%) of weak adsorption capacity, be used for the various hydrogenation processes and the industrial circles such as metallurgical and electronics of oil and chemical industry.On the other hand, also can be used for from various mists reclaiming the gas of strong adsorption capacity such as ethene, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide etc.
For solving problems such as pressure-swing absorption process product gas recovery rate is low, the adsorbent consumption is big, United States Patent (USP) 3986849 has proposed the many pressure swing absorption process of selecting absorption.At least seven adsorbent beds of this process using, each adsorbent bed experience is all pressed step at least three times.All press pressure swing adsorption system three times for described ten of this patents, each cyclic process of each adsorbent bed is by absorption, drop pressure, secondary drop pressure, three drop pressures, forward step-down (purge gas is provided), reverse step-down, back flush, three boost pressures, secondary boost pressure, boost pressure, finally step such as boost constitutes.In ten bed operatings, there are three adsorbent beds to be in adsorption step (producing product gas) all the time, all the other seven adsorbent beds are in different regeneration step.The many pressure swing absorption process that this method proposes, adopt single to single developing technique, the gas of i.e. forward step-down process of adsorbent bed discharging is only for the another one adsorbent bed provides purge gas, thereby influenced the production efficiency and the product gas recovery rate of many pressure-swing absorption processes.Increase and all press number of times, just must increase the time of the adsorbent bed quantity or the minimizing back flush of pressure swing adsorption system, thereby cause the increase of pressure swing adsorption system investment or the reduction of high product gas recovery rate to improve the product gas recovery rate.((U.S.) R.T. raises work, " separation of absorption method gas ", Chemical Industry Press, in January, 1991, Ye Zhenhua work, " chemical adsorbing separation process ", Sinopec publishing house, in December, 1992)
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of known technology, the efficient pressure swing absorption process of a kind of high product gas recovery rate, low adsorbent consumption is provided.
Main technical schemes of the present invention: based on above-mentioned known technology, to the many pressure swing adsorption systems that adsorb simultaneously, with single to many developing technique promptly an adsorbent bed directly or through at least one provide purge gas for one or at least two other adsorbent beds simultaneously along venting along the venting jar, can be in same circulation timei, the washing time that realization is longer than above-mentioned known technology, perhaps circulation timei can be shortened, thereby improve the product gas recovery rate of pressure swing adsorption system and the utilization rate of pressure swing adsorption system adsorbent, reduce the investment of pressure swing adsorption system.
Because the present invention can provide the washing time longer than above-mentioned known technology, under the situation that guarantees developing result, the final stage of back flush step also can be carried out auxiliary boost, therefore can obtain more all to press number of times, thereby improves the product gas recovery rate of pressure swing adsorption system.This moment an adsorbent bed along venting directly or through at least one along the venting jar simultaneously as the back flush gas of at least one other adsorbent bed and the auxiliary boost gas of another other adsorbent beds at least.The above-mentioned process of boosting is the auxiliary boost step, can boost to two adsorbent bed pressure and equate, also can boost to a certain intermediate pressure.
The present invention can also realize the single continuous flushing of the pressure swing adsorption system of absorption simultaneously, and shorten its circulation timei, thereby improve the utilization rate of pressure swing adsorption system adsorbent by at least one being set along the venting jar, reduce the investment of pressure swing adsorption system; Perhaps under the situation that guarantees developing result, (can boost to two adsorbent bed pressure equates to carry out auxiliary boost in the final stage of back flush step, also can boost to a certain intermediate pressure), therefore can obtain more all to press number of times, thereby improve the product gas recovery rate of pressure swing adsorption system.
Pressure swing absorption process of the present invention is specially adapted to remove light hydrocarbon, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide etc. the hydrogen mixed gas from various containing, to produce the pure hydrogen gas of weak adsorption capacity.The adsorptive pressure of pressure swing adsorption system of the present invention is 0.2-8.0Mpa, is preferably 0.7-3.6Mpa, and adsorption temp is 5-80 ℃, is preferably 20-45 ℃, and desorption pressures is normal pressure-4.0Mpa, is preferably 0.03-0.2Mpa.
Pressure swing adsorption system of the present invention, different according to the fluid that is separated with the technology that is adopted, adsorbent bed can be single adsorbent bed, it also can be the two-layer or MULTILAYER COMPOSITE bed that different adsorbents are formed, used adsorbent is industrial adsorbent commonly used, comprises molecular sieve, active carbon, activated alumina, silica gel etc.The quantity of adsorbent bed is selected according to the type of fluid of being separated, flow, pressure, be generally 4 to 20 adsorbent beds, be preferably 6 to 16 adsorbent beds, all the time there are 1,2 or a plurality of adsorbent bed to be in adsorption step, constitute many repeatedly equal compression technologies, all pressing number of times is 1 to 8 time, is preferably 2 to 6 times.Its absorption and regeneration cycle process by adsorb, repeatedly drop pressure, forward discharging, reverse discharging, back flush, repeatedly boost pressure and step such as finally boost are formed.
Each adsorbent bed is experiencing following steps in absorption and the regeneration cycle process each time successively:
1. at least one adsorption step:
Under adsorptive pressure, material mixed gas enters the feed end of adsorbent bed, simultaneously from the product end output products gas of adsorbent bed.
2. at least one drop pressure step:
Feed end by above-mentioned adsorbent bed is discharged bed dead space gas to the product end of above-mentioned adsorbent bed, is respectively applied for the drop pressure process of other adsorbent beds.It is to be preferably 2 to 6 times for 1 to 8 time that the number of times of drop pressure step is promptly all pressed number of times.
3. at least one forward step-down drain steps:
Feed end by above-mentioned adsorbent bed is discharged bed dead space gas to the product end of above-mentioned adsorbent bed, further reduce the pressure of above-mentioned adsorbent bed, the discharging of the forward drain steps of above-mentioned adsorbent bed along venting directly or through at least one along venting jar simultaneously at least one other adsorbent bed or simultaneously at least two other adsorbent beds provide purge gas or auxiliary boost gas, perhaps be used for simultaneously purge gas being provided and providing auxiliary boost gas at least one other adsorbent bed at least one other adsorbent bed.Forward step-down drain steps can take 1,2 or a plurality of time quantum, is preferably 1 or 2, also can comprise in last drop pressure step and the reverse drain steps 1 or 2, shared 1 time quantum with other steps.
4. at least one reverse drain steps:
Product end by above-mentioned adsorbent bed is reduced to desorption pressures to the feed end of above-mentioned adsorbent bed with adsorption column pressure, and the impurity that be adsorbed this moment begins to desorb in a large number from adsorbent, and stripping gas enters the stripping gas surge tank.Reverse step-down drain steps can take 1,2 or a plurality of time quantum, is preferably 1 or 2, also can comprise last drop pressure step, 1 or 2 in drain steps, the back flush step forward, shared 1 time quantum with other steps.
5. at least one back flush step:
Receive suitable venting by the product termination of above-mentioned adsorbent bed and wash to the feed end of above-mentioned adsorbent bed, make the further desorb of the impurity that adsorbs in the adsorbent, the flushing regeneration gas that the back flush step produces enters the stripping gas surge tank.In this step, above-mentioned adsorbent bed individually or simultaneously with at least one other adsorbent bed directly or through at least one along venting jar receive that another other adsorbent beds at least provide along venting, as back flush gas or auxiliary boost gas.The back flush step can take 1,2 or a plurality of time quantum, is preferably 2 to 8 time quantums.Last back flush step can receive along venting and carry out back flush, also can receive along venting and carry out auxiliary boost.In the end during a back flush step, the discharging of the forward drain steps of other adsorbent beds along venting directly or through at least one along venting jar for above-mentioned adsorbent bed provides back flush gas and auxiliary boost gas, provide back flush gas for another other adsorbent beds at least simultaneously.Above-mentioned auxiliary boost step can take 1 time quantum, also can take the portion of time of 1 time quantum; Can boost to two adsorbent bed pressure and equate, also can boost to a certain intermediate pressure.
The back flush step receives the ratio of the time of suitable venting and the time that above-mentioned forward drain steps provides purge gas more than or equal to 1.0, is preferably 1.0 to 4.0.
6. at least one boost pressure step:
Use discharging gas respectively from other adsorbent bed drop pressure step, product end by above-mentioned adsorbent bed boosts to above-mentioned adsorbent bed successively to the feed end of above-mentioned adsorbent bed, this process is corresponding with above-mentioned drop pressure process, and number of times is 1 to 8, is preferably 2 to 6 times.The discharging gas that boost pressure can receive a drop pressure step carries out boost pressure, also can receive product gas and unstripped gas and finally boost.
7. at least one step of finally boosting:
In order to make above-mentioned adsorbent bed can switch to next time adsorption step reposefully and to guarantee that product purity does not fluctuate in this course, need be with product gas from the product end of adsorbent bed or from the feed end of adsorbent bed the pressure of above-mentioned adsorbent bed is risen to adsorptive pressure with unstripped gas simultaneously.The step of finally boosting can take 1,2 or a plurality of time quantum, is preferably 1 or 2 time quantums.
All adsorbent beds hocket above absorption, regeneration cycle (having at least 1 adsorbent bed to be in the state of charging absorption all the time all the time) can realize the continuous Separation ﹠ Purification of gas.
For any one adsorbent bed in above-mentioned each absorption, the regeneration cycle, the time of even number step and odd number step can equate, also can be not wait, the ratio of the time of even number step and odd number step (or odd number step and even number step) be more than or equal to 1 (being preferably 2 to 4).
Major advantage of the present invention and effect:
Pressure swing absorption process of the present invention can be in same circulation timei, realization is than more number of times and the longer washing time of all pressing of known technology, perhaps circulation timei can be shortened, thereby improve the product gas recovery rate of pressure swing adsorption system and the adsorption capacity of pressure swing adsorption system, reduce the investment of pressure swing adsorption system.
The pressure swing adsorption method that pressure swing absorption process of the present invention can be widely used in all gases purifies or purification process such as carbon dioxide and methane separation, carbon monoxide recovery, carbon dioxide recovery, hydrogen cleaning and purification etc., be specially adapted to remove light hydrocarbon, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide etc. the hydrogen mixed gas, to produce the pure hydrogen gas of weak adsorption capacity from various containing.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the circulation step preface figure of a simplification, has introduced 10 pressure swing adsorption technique circulations of known technology.
Fig. 2-8 is the representative instance of simplification circulation step preface figure of the present invention, has introduced the many pressure swing adsorption techniques that at least two adsorbent beds of the present invention adsorb simultaneously.
Fig. 2 is the circulation step preface figure of a simplification, has introduced 10 pressure swing adsorption technique circulations of a kind of 3 absorption simultaneously of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the circulation step preface figure of a simplification, has introduced another version of 10 pressure swing adsorption technique circulations of 3 absorption simultaneously of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the circulation step preface figure of a simplification, has introduced 10 pressure swing adsorption technique circulations of a kind of 2 absorption simultaneously of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the circulation step preface figure of a simplification, has introduced another version of 10 pressure swing adsorption technique circulations of 2 absorption simultaneously of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the circulation step preface figure of a simplification, has introduced a kind of 8 pressure swing adsorption techniques circulation of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the circulation step preface figure of a simplification, has introduced a kind of 9 pressure swing adsorption techniques circulation of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the circulation step preface figure of a simplification, has introduced another kind of 9 pressure swing adsorption techniques circulation of the present invention.
Fig. 9,10 is the representative instance of simplification circulation step preface figure of the present invention, has introduced the many pressure swing adsorption techniques that 1 adsorbent bed of the present invention adsorbs simultaneously.
Fig. 9 is the circulation step preface figure of a simplification, has introduced a kind of 6 pressure swing adsorption techniques circulation of the present invention.
Figure 10 is the circulation step preface figure of a simplification, has introduced a kind of 7 pressure swing adsorption techniques circulation of the present invention.
In the circulation of the simplification shown in Fig. 1-10 step preface figure, transverse axis is the relative time of circulation step, and each lattice is represented a time quantum; The longitudinal axis is the numbering of adsorbent bed, represents different adsorbent beds respectively.Symbol among the figure is represented respectively: A, absorption: E1D, 1 drop pressure: E2D, 2 drop pressures; E3D, 3 drop pressures; E4D, 4 drop pressures; PP, forward discharging; D, reverse discharging; P, back flush; E1R, 1 boost pressure; E2R, 2 boost pressure: E3R, 3 boost pressures; E4R, 4 boost pressures; FR finally boosts.
Further specify characteristics of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 represents 10 traditional pressure swing adsorption techniques with the circulation step preface figure of a simplification.The absorption of each adsorbent bed and regeneration cycle process are by absorption, 3 drop pressures, forward discharging, reverse discharging, back flush, 3 boost pressures and 20 steps such as finally boost are formed.
In this 10 traditional pressure swing adsorption techniques, at any time, all the time there are 3 adsorbent beds to be in adsorption step, each adsorbent bed have 3 forward drain steps provide purge gas, 3 back flush steps to receive along venting, the used purge gas of any one adsorbent bed is directly provided by another adsorbent bed, that is to say, forward discharge the quantity of the adsorbent bed that purge gas is provided and the quantity of the suitable adsorbent bed of exitting of back flush reception and equate.For any one adsorbent bed in each circulation, forward discharging provides the time of purge gas and back flush reception to equate along the time of exitting, and is 3/20 of each circulation.
Fig. 2 represents a kind of 3 10 pressure swing adsorption techniques that adsorb simultaneously of the present invention with the circulation step preface figure of a simplification.The absorption of each adsorbent bed includes the step identical with Fig. 1 with regeneration cycle process, by absorption, 3 drop pressures, forward discharging, reverse discharging, back flush, 3 boost pressures and 20 steps such as finally boost are formed.
In this 10 pressure swing adsorption techniques of the present invention, at any time, all the time there are 3 adsorbent beds to be in adsorption step, it is characterized in that for any one adsorbent bed in each circulation, have 2 forward drain steps provide back flush gas or auxiliary boost gas for 2 other adsorbent beds simultaneously, 1 reverse drain steps, 4 back flush steps receive along venting.Last back flush step P1 can receive as required along venting and carry out back flush, also can receive simultaneously along venting and carry out the auxiliary boost step.The forward discharging gas that any one adsorbent bed produced provides back flush gas for two other adsorbent beds simultaneously, or, provide back flush gas for another other adsorbent beds simultaneously for other adsorbent beds that are in last back flush step P1 provide back flush gas and auxiliary boost gas.Above-mentioned auxiliary boost step can boost to two adsorbent bed pressure and equate, also can boost to a certain intermediate pressure.Boost pressure E1R can receive a drop pressure E1D discharging gas and carry out boost pressure, also can receive product gas simultaneously and unstripped gas finally boosts.The step of finally boosting with product gas from the product end of adsorbent bed or from the feed end of adsorbent bed the pressure of above-mentioned adsorbent bed is risen to adsorptive pressure with unstripped gas simultaneously.
For any one adsorbent bed in each circulation, forward discharging time and back flush reception that purge gas is provided is not wait along the time of exitting, forward discharging provides the time of purge gas to be 1/10 of each circulation, and the time that back flush receives along venting is 3/20 to 1/5 of each circulation.Adopt 4 back flush steps, the time ratio of back flush known technology shown in Figure 1 prolongs 25%: adopt 3 back flush steps, can obtain to Duo once auxiliary boost step than known technology shown in Figure 1.
In circulation shown in Figure 2, adsorbent bed 1 carries out drop pressure step e 1-3D 3 times successively after adsorption step A.During 1 drop pressure step e 1D, adsorbent bed 1 is communicated with adsorbent bed 5 (this moment, adsorbent bed 5 carried out boost pressure E1R 1 time); During 2 drop pressure step e 2D, adsorbent bed 1 and adsorbent bed 6 (this moment, adsorbent bed 6 carried out boost pressure E2R 2 times) are when being communicated with 3 drop pressure step e 3D, and adsorbent bed 1 is communicated with adsorbent bed 7 (adsorbent bed 7 carries out boost pressure E3R 3 times at this moment).After 3 times drop pressure step e 1-3D finishes, adsorbent bed 1 carries out 2 forward drain steps PP1～2, the 1st forward during drain steps PP1, adsorbent bed 1 simultaneously with adsorbent bed 8 (just carrying out back flush or auxiliary boost step P1), adsorbent bed 9 (just carrying out back flush step P3) is communicated with for it that back flush or auxiliary boost gas are provided; The 2nd forward during drain steps PP2, adsorbent bed 1 is communicated with for it with adsorbent bed 9 (just carrying out back flush step P2), adsorbent bed 10 (just carrying out back flush step P4) simultaneously provides back flush gas.After forward finished drain steps PP1～2, adsorbent bed 1 carried out reverse drain steps D, carries out back flush step P1～4 then.During back flush step P4, adsorbent bed 1, adsorbent bed 10 (just carrying out back flush step P2) are communicated with adsorbent bed 2 (just carrying out forward drain steps PP2) simultaneously; During back flush step P3, adsorbent bed 1, adsorbent bed 10 (just carrying out back flush or auxiliary boost step P1) are communicated with adsorbent bed 3 (just carrying out forward drain steps PP1); During back flush step P2, adsorbent bed 1, adsorbent bed 2 (just carrying out back flush step P4) are communicated with adsorbent bed 3 (just carrying out forward drain steps PP2) simultaneously; During back flush step P1 (this moment, adsorbent bed 1 also can carry out auxiliary boost), adsorbent bed 1, adsorbent bed 2 (just carrying out back flush step P3) are communicated with adsorbent bed 4 (just carrying out forward drain steps PP2) simultaneously.After finished back flush step P1～4, adsorbent bed 1 carried out boost pressure step e 1～3R successively 3 times.During 3 boost pressure step e 3R, adsorbent bed 1 is communicated with adsorbent bed 5 (just carrying out drop pressure step e 3D 3 times); During 2 boost pressure step e 2R, adsorbent bed 1 is communicated with adsorbent bed 6 (just carrying out drop pressure step e 2D 2 times); During 1 boost pressure step e 1R, adsorbent bed 1 is communicated with adsorbent bed 7 (just carrying out drop pressure step e 1D 1 time).The part-time of 1 boost pressure step e 1R also enabled production gas or unstripped gas finally boosts to adsorbent bed 1.After 3 boost pressure step e 1～3R finish, with product gas or unstripped gas to the adsorbent bed 1 step F R that finally boosts.So far, adsorbent bed 1 has been finished complete absorption and regeneration cycle process, enters the next round circulation then.The absorption of other adsorbent beds is identical with adsorbent bed 1 with regeneration cycle process, no longer is described in detail.
The absorption that simplification circulation step preface figure shown in Fig. 3-10 represents and the narrating mode of regeneration cycle process are similar to Fig. 2.
Fig. 3 represents another kind of 3 10 pressure swing adsorption techniques that adsorb simultaneously of the present invention with the circulation step preface figure of a simplification.The absorption of each adsorbent bed and regeneration cycle process are by absorption, 4 drop pressures, forward discharging, reverse discharging, back flush, 4 boost pressures and 20 steps such as finally boost are formed.
In this 10 pressure swing adsorption techniques of the present invention, at any time, all the time there are 3 adsorbent beds to be in adsorption step, it is characterized in that for any one adsorbent bed in each circulation, 1 forward drain steps is arranged, the gas of discharging (along venting) directly or through at least one is used for simultaneously providing purge gas or auxiliary boost gas for 1 or 2 other adsorbent beds along the venting jar, and 1 reverse drain steps, 3 back flush steps receive along venting.Last back flush step P1 can receive as required along venting and carry out back flush, also can receive simultaneously along venting and carry out the auxiliary boost step.In the end during a back flush step P1, the discharging of the forward drain steps of other adsorbent beds along venting directly or through at least one along venting jar for above-mentioned adsorbent bed provides back flush gas and auxiliary boost gas, provide back flush gas for another other adsorbent beds simultaneously.Above-mentioned auxiliary boost step can boost to two adsorbent bed pressure and equate, also can boost to a certain intermediate pressure.Boost pressure E1R can receive a drop pressure E1D discharging gas and carry out boost pressure, also can receive product gas simultaneously and unstripped gas finally boosts.The step of finally boosting with product gas from the product end of adsorbent bed or from the feed end of adsorbent bed the pressure of above-mentioned adsorbent bed is risen to adsorptive pressure with unstripped gas simultaneously.
For any one adsorbent bed in each circulation, forward discharging time and back flush reception that purge gas is provided is not wait along the time of exitting, forward discharging provides the time of purge gas to be 1/20 of each circulation, and the time that back flush receives along venting is 1/10 to 3/20 of each circulation.
Fig. 4 represents a kind of 2 10 pressure swing adsorption techniques that adsorb simultaneously of the present invention with the circulation step preface figure of a simplification.The absorption of each adsorbent bed and regeneration cycle process are by absorption, 4 drop pressures, forward discharging, reverse discharging, back flush, 4 boost pressures and 20 steps such as finally boost are formed.
In this 10 pressure swing adsorption techniques of the present invention, at any time, all the time there are two adsorbent beds to be in adsorption step, it is characterized in that for any one adsorbent bed in each circulation, have 2 forward drain steps provide purge gas or auxiliary boost gas for 2 other adsorbent beds simultaneously, 1 reverse drain steps, 4 back flush steps receive flushing.Last back flush step P1 can receive as required along venting and carry out back flush, also can receive simultaneously along venting and carry out the auxiliary boost step.The forward discharging gas that any one adsorbent bed produced provides back flush gas for other two adsorbent beds simultaneously, or, provide back flush gas for another other adsorbent beds simultaneously for other adsorbent beds that are in last back flush step P1 provide back flush gas and auxiliary boost gas.Above-mentioned auxiliary boost step can boost to two adsorbent bed pressure and equate, also can boost to a certain intermediate pressure.Boost pressure E1R can receive a drop pressure E1D discharging gas and carry out boost pressure, also can receive product gas simultaneously and unstripped gas finally boosts.The step of finally boosting with product gas from the product end of adsorbent bed or from the feed end of adsorbent bed the pressure of above-mentioned adsorbent bed is risen to adsorptive pressure with unstripped gas simultaneously.
For any one adsorbent bed in each circulation, forward discharging time and back flush reception that purge gas is provided is not wait along the time of exitting, forward discharging provides the time of purge gas to be 1/10 of each circulation, and the time that back flush receives along venting is 3/20 to 1/5 of each circulation.
Fig. 5 represents another kind of 2 10 pressure swing adsorption techniques that adsorb simultaneously of the present invention with the circulation step preface figure of a simplification.The absorption of each adsorbent bed and regeneration cycle process are by absorption, 4 drop pressures, forward discharging, reverse discharging, back flush, 4 boost pressures and 20 steps such as finally boost are formed.
In this 10 pressure swing adsorption techniques of the present invention, at any time, all the time there are 3 adsorbent beds to be in adsorption step, it is characterized in that for any one adsorbent bed in each circulation, 1 forward drain steps is arranged, the gas of discharging (along venting) directly or through at least one is used for simultaneously for two other adsorbent beds provide purge gas or auxiliary boost gas along the venting jar, 2 reverse drain steps, and 4 back flush steps receive along venting.Last back flush step P1 can receive as required along venting and carry out back flush, also can receive simultaneously along venting and carry out the auxiliary boost step.The forward discharging gas that any one adsorbent bed produced directly or through at least one provides back flush gas for other two adsorbent beds simultaneously along the venting jar, or, provide back flush gas for another other adsorbent beds simultaneously for other adsorbent beds that are in last back flush step P1 provide back flush gas and auxiliary boost gas.Above-mentioned auxiliary boost step can boost to two adsorbent bed pressure and equate, also can boost to a certain intermediate pressure.Boost pressure E1R can receive a drop pressure E1D discharging gas and carry out boost pressure, also can receive product gas simultaneously and unstripped gas finally boosts.The step of finally boosting with product gas from the product end of adsorbent bed or from the feed end of adsorbent bed the pressure of above-mentioned adsorbent bed is risen to adsorptive pressure with unstripped gas simultaneously.
For any one adsorbent bed in each circulation, forward discharging time and back flush reception that purge gas is provided is not wait along the time of exitting, forward discharging provides the time of purge gas to be 1/20 of each circulation, and the time that back flush receives along venting is 3/20 to 1/5 of each circulation.
Fig. 6 represents a kind of 8 pressure swing adsorption techniques of the present invention with the circulation step preface figure of a simplification.The absorption of each adsorbent bed and regeneration cycle process are by absorption, 3 drop pressures, forward discharging, reverse discharging, back flush, 3 boost pressures and 16 steps such as finally boost are formed.
In this 8 pressure swing adsorption techniques of the present invention, at any time, all the time there are two adsorbent beds to be in adsorption step, it is characterized in that for any one adsorbent bed in each circulation, 1 forward drain steps is arranged, the gas of discharging (along venting) directly or through at least one is used for simultaneously providing purge gas or auxiliary boost gas for 1 or 2 other adsorbent beds along the venting jar, 1 reverse drain steps, and 3 back flush steps receive along venting.Last back flush step P1 can receive as required along venting and carry out back flush, also can receive simultaneously along venting and carry out the auxiliary boost step.In the end during a back flush step P1, the discharging of the forward drain steps of other adsorbent beds along venting directly or through at least one along venting jar for above-mentioned adsorbent bed provides back flush gas and auxiliary boost gas, provide back flush gas for another other adsorbent beds at least simultaneously.Above-mentioned auxiliary boost step can boost to two adsorbent bed pressure and equate, also can boost to a certain intermediate pressure.Boost pressure E1R can receive a drop pressure E1D discharging gas and carry out boost pressure, also can receive product gas simultaneously and unstripped gas finally boosts.The step of finally boosting with product gas from the product end of adsorbent bed or from the feed end of adsorbent bed the pressure of above-mentioned adsorbent bed is risen to adsorptive pressure with unstripped gas simultaneously.
For any one adsorbent bed in each circulation, forward discharging time and back flush reception that purge gas is provided is not wait along the time of exitting, forward discharging provides the time of purge gas to be 1/16 of each circulation, and the time that back flush receives along venting is 1/8 to 3/16 of each circulation.
Fig. 7 represents a kind of 9 pressure swing adsorption techniques of the present invention with the circulation step preface figure of a simplification.The absorption of each adsorbent bed and regeneration cycle process are by absorption, 3 drop pressures, forward discharging, reverse discharging, back flush, 3 boost pressures and 18 steps such as finally boost are formed.
In this 9 pressure swing adsorption techniques of the present invention, at any time, all the time there are two adsorbent beds to be in adsorption step, it is characterized in that for any one adsorbent bed in each circulation, have 2 forward drain steps provide purge gas or auxiliary boost gas for 2 other adsorbent beds simultaneously, 1 reverse drain steps, 4 back flush steps receive along venting.Last back flush step P1 can receive as required along venting and carry out back flush, also can receive simultaneously along venting and carry out the auxiliary boost step.The forward discharging gas that any one adsorbent bed produced provides purge gas for other two adsorbent beds simultaneously, or, provide back flush gas for another other adsorbent beds simultaneously for other adsorbent beds that are in last back flush step P1 provide back flush gas and auxiliary boost gas.Above-mentioned auxiliary boost step can boost to two adsorbent bed pressure and equate, also can boost to a certain intermediate pressure.Boost pressure E1R can receive a drop pressure E1D discharging gas and carry out boost pressure, also can receive product gas simultaneously and unstripped gas finally boosts.The step of finally boosting with product gas from the product end of adsorbent bed or from the feed end of adsorbent bed the pressure of above-mentioned adsorbent bed is risen to adsorptive pressure with unstripped gas simultaneously.
For any one adsorbent bed in each circulation, forward discharging time and back flush reception that purge gas is provided is not wait along the time of exitting, forward discharging provides the time of purge gas to be 1/9 of each circulation, and the time that back flush receives along venting is 1/6 to 2/9 of each circulation.
Fig. 8 represents another kind of 9 pressure swing adsorption techniques of the present invention with the circulation step preface figure of a simplification.The absorption of each adsorbent bed and regeneration cycle process are by absorption, 4 drop pressures, forward discharging, reverse discharging, back flush, 4 boost pressures and 18 steps such as finally boost are formed.In this 9 pressure swing adsorption techniques of the present invention, at any time, all the time there are two adsorbent beds to be in adsorption step, it is characterized in that for any one adsorbent bed in each circulation, 1 forward drain steps is arranged, the gas of discharging (along venting) directly or through at least one is used for simultaneously providing purge gas or auxiliary boost gas for 1 or 2 other adsorbent beds along the venting jar, 1 reverse drain steps, and 3 back flush steps receive along venting.Last back flush step P1 can receive as required along venting and carry out back flush, also can receive simultaneously along venting and carry out the auxiliary boost step.In the end during a back flush step P1, the discharging of the forward drain steps of other adsorbent beds along venting directly or through at least one along venting jar for above-mentioned adsorbent bed provides back flush gas and auxiliary boost gas, provide back flush gas for another other adsorbent beds at least simultaneously.Above-mentioned auxiliary boost step can boost to two adsorbent bed pressure and equate, also can boost to a certain intermediate pressure.Boost pressure E1R can receive a drop pressure E1D discharging gas and carry out boost pressure, also can receive product gas simultaneously and unstripped gas finally boosts.The step of finally boosting with product gas from the product end of adsorbent bed or from the feed end of adsorbent bed the pressure of above-mentioned adsorbent bed is risen to adsorptive pressure with unstripped gas simultaneously.
For any one adsorbent bed in each circulation, forward discharging time and back flush reception that purge gas is provided is not wait along the time of exitting, forward discharging provides the time of purge gas to be 1/18 of each circulation, and the time that back flush receives along venting is 1/9 to 1/6 of each circulation.
Fig. 9 represents a kind of 6 pressure swing adsorption techniques of the present invention with the circulation step preface figure of a simplification.The absorption of each adsorbent bed and regeneration cycle process are by absorption, 3 drop pressures, forward discharging, reverse discharging, back flush, 3 boost pressures and 12 steps such as finally boost are formed.In this 6 pressure swing adsorption techniques of the present invention, at any time, all the time there is 1 adsorbent bed to be in adsorption step, it is characterized in that each adsorbent bed forward the drain steps gas (along venting) of discharging directly or through at least one jar be used to 1 other adsorbent bed that purge gas or auxiliary boost gas are provided along venting, 2 back flush steps receive along venting.Last back flush step P1 can receive as required along venting and carry out back flush, also can receive simultaneously along venting and carry out the auxiliary boost step.In the end during a back flush step P1, above-mentionedly directly or through at least one jar be used to other adsorbent beds that back flush gas or auxiliary boost gas are provided along venting along venting.Above-mentioned auxiliary boost step can boost to two adsorbent bed pressure and equate, also can boost to a certain intermediate pressure.Boost pressure E1R can receive a drop pressure E1D discharging gas and carry out boost pressure, also can receive product gas simultaneously and unstripped gas finally boosts.The step of finally boosting with product gas from the product end of adsorbent bed or from the feed end of adsorbent bed the pressure of above-mentioned adsorbent bed is risen to adsorptive pressure with unstripped gas simultaneously.
For any one adsorbent bed in each circulation, forward discharging time and back flush reception that purge gas is provided is not wait along the time of exitting, and the time of even number step and odd number step is also not wait.The ratio of even number step and the time of odd number step is during greater than 1 (being preferably 2 to 4), forward the shared unit at the same time of drain steps PP and reverse drain steps D; The ratio of odd number step and the time of even number step is during greater than 1 (being preferably 2 to 4), last drop pressure step e 3D and the shared unit at the same time of drain steps PP forward.
Figure 10 represents a kind of 7 pressure swing adsorption techniques of the present invention with the circulation step preface figure of a simplification.The absorption of each adsorbent bed and regeneration cycle process are by absorption, 4 drop pressures, forward discharging, reverse discharging, back flush, 4 boost pressures and 14 steps such as finally boost are formed.In this 7 pressure swing adsorption techniques of the present invention, at any time, all the time there is 1 adsorbent bed to be in adsorption step, it is characterized in that each adsorbent bed forward the drain steps gas (along venting) of discharging directly or through at least one jar be used to 1 other adsorbent bed that purge gas or auxiliary boost gas are provided along venting, 2 back flush steps receive along venting.Last back flush step P1 can receive as required along venting and carry out back flush, also can receive simultaneously along venting and carry out the auxiliary boost step.In the end during a back flush step P1, above-mentionedly directly or through at least one jar be used to other adsorbent beds that back flush gas or auxiliary boost gas are provided along venting along venting.Above-mentioned auxiliary boost step can boost to two adsorbent bed pressure and equate, also can boost to a certain intermediate pressure.Boost pressure E1R can receive a drop pressure E1D discharging gas and carry out boost pressure, also can receive product gas simultaneously and unstripped gas finally boosts.The step of finally boosting with product gas from the product end of adsorbent bed or from the feed end of adsorbent bed the pressure of above-mentioned adsorbent bed is risen to adsorptive pressure with unstripped gas simultaneously.
For any one adsorbent bed in each circulation, forward discharging time and back flush reception that purge gas is provided is not wait along the time of exitting, and the time of even number step and odd number step also is not wait.The ratio of odd number step and the time of even number step is during greater than 1 (being preferably 2 to 4), forward the shared unit at the same time of drain steps PP and reverse drain steps D.The ratio of even number step and the time of odd number step is during greater than 1 (being preferably 2 to 4), last drop pressure step e 4D and the shared unit at the same time of drain steps PP forward.
Fig. 9,10 has introduced the many pressure swing adsorption techniques that 1 adsorbent bed of the present invention adsorbs simultaneously, because 1 adsorbent bed charging simultaneously absorption is only arranged, production capacity is restricted, and is applicable to the pressure-swing absorption apparatus that production capacity is little.
Fig. 2-10 is the representative instance of simplification circulation step preface figure of the present invention.The adsorbent bed quantity of the sum of adsorbent bed, the absorption of charging simultaneously, all press number of times, along venting jar and the quantity of all calming the anger jar and forward discharging, reverse discharging, back flush, the final length of step such as boost, all can select with the type of fluid of being separated, flow, pressure etc. according to content of the present invention, more version can be arranged, and the pressure swing adsorption technique that obtains all within the scope of the invention.
The specific embodiment
Further specify characteristics of the present invention below by example.
Example 1
This example is 50000Nm for a hydrogen production potential
3The conversion gas transformation absorption hydrogen purifying plant of/h industrial hydrogen, adsorptive pressure is 2.4Mpa, and adsorption temp is a normal temperature, and desorption pressures is 0.03Mpa.The mole of unstripped gas consists of: hydrogen, and 70.2%, carbon monoxide, 3%, carbon dioxide, 21.3%, methane, 5.5%, water, saturated, the purity of product hydrogen is greater than 99.9%.The adsorbent that adopts is industrial molecular sieve commonly used, active carbon, silica gel, adopt 10 pressure swing adsorption techniques (technology 1) of the described known technology of Fig. 1 and described 10 pressure swing adsorption techniques of the present invention of Fig. 2 (technology 2), described 10 pressure swing adsorption techniques of the present invention of Fig. 4 (technology 3) respectively, 10 pressure swing adsorption techniques of the present invention (technology 2) and (technology 3) all adopt once auxiliaryly all presses, and its technology is to such as table 1:
Table 1
| | Technology | 1 | | |
| | 10 | 10 | 10 | |
| The bed number of absorption simultaneously | 3 | 3 | 2 | |
| All press number of | 3 | 3+1 | 4+1 | |
| CO+CO in the product hydrogen 2，PPM | 20 | 20 | 20 | |
| The product hydrogen rate of recovery, % | 87 | 89.2 | 90.5 |
Example 2
This example is 15000Nm for a hydrogen production potential
3The conversion gas transformation absorption hydrogen purifying plant of/h industrial hydrogen, operating condition, unstripped gas are formed all identical with example 1 with adsorbent, adopt 10 pressure swing adsorption techniques (technology 1) of the described known technology of Fig. 1 and described 6 pressure swing adsorption techniques of the present invention of Fig. 9 (technology 4), described 7 pressure swing adsorption techniques of the present invention of Figure 10 (technology 5) respectively, 6 pressure swing adsorption techniques of the present invention (technology 4) and 7 pressure swing adsorption techniques (technology 5) all adopt auxiliaryly all presses, and its technology is to such as table 2:
Table 2
| | Technology | 1 | | |
| | 10 | 6 | 7 | |
| The bed number of absorption simultaneously | 3 | 1 | 1 | |
| All press number of | 3 | 3 | 4 | |
| CO+CO in the product hydrogen 2，PPM | 20 | 20 | 20 | |
| The adsorbent consumption | 100％ | 90％ | 105％ | |
| The product hydrogen rate of recovery, % | 87 | 86.8 | 89 |
Claims (10)
1, a kind of pressure swing absorption process, in comprising the pressure-swing absorption apparatus of at least 4 adsorbent beds, all the time there is at least one adsorbent bed to be in adsorption step, its absorption and regeneration cycle process by at least one absorption, at least one drop pressure, at least one forward discharges, at least one reverse discharging, at least one back flush, at least one boost pressure and at least one are finally boosted forms in interior step, it is characterized in that:
(1) for any one adsorbent bed in each circulation, forward drain steps discharging along venting directly or through at least one along the venting jar simultaneously at least one other adsorbent bed or provide purge gas or auxiliary boost gas at least two other adsorbent beds simultaneously, the back flush step can take 1,2 or a plurality of time quantum, last back flush step, can receive along venting and carry out back flush or receive carrying out auxiliary boost along venting, in the end during a back flush step, the discharging of the forward drain steps of other adsorbent beds directly or through at least one provide back flush gas and auxiliary boost gas for above-mentioned adsorbent bed along venting along venting jar, provide back flush gas for another other adsorbent beds at least simultaneously, described auxiliary boost step takies 1 time quantum or takies the portion of time of 1 time quantum; Boosting to two adsorbent bed pressure equates or boosts to a certain intermediate pressure, the discharging gas that a described boost pressure step can receive a drop pressure step carries out boost pressure or receives product gas simultaneously and unstripped gas finally boosts, the described step of finally boosting with product gas from the product end of adsorbent bed or from the feed end of adsorbent bed the pressure of above-mentioned adsorbent bed is risen to adsorptive pressure with unstripped gas simultaneously
(2) for any one adsorbent bed in each circulation, the time of even number step and odd number step equates or does not wait, the ratio of even number step and odd number step or odd number step and the time of even number step is more than or equal to 1, forward 1 in drain steps and last drop pressure step and the reverse drain steps or 2 shared unit at the same time
(3) for any one adsorbent bed in each circulation, the back flush step receive provide purge gas along the time of venting and drain steps forward the ratio of time more than or equal to 1,
The adsorptive pressure of described pressure swing adsorption system is 0.2-8.0Mpa, and adsorption temp is 5-80 ℃, and desorption pressures is normal pressure-4.0Mpa.
2, according to the described pressurising adsorption method of claim 1, it is characterized in that for any one adsorbent bed in each circulation, even number step and odd number step or odd number step are 2 to 4 with the ratio of the time of even number step, described back flush step takies 2 to 8 time quantums, and the back flush step receives and to provide the ratio of the time of purge gas along the time of venting and drain steps forward is 1 to 4.
3, according to claim 1 or 2 described pressure swing absorption process, in 10 variable pressure absorption technique device of 3 absorption simultaneously, the absorption of each adsorbent bed and regeneration cycle process,
(1) comprises absorption, 3 drop pressures, forward discharging, reverse discharging, back flush, 3 boost pressures and finally boosting in 20 interior steps, it is characterized in that for any one adsorbent bed in each circulation, have 2 forward drain steps provide purge gas or auxiliary boost gas for 2 other adsorbent beds simultaneously, 1 reverse drain steps, 4 back flush steps receive along venting, described forward discharging provides the time of purge gas to be 1/10 of everyone circulation, the time that back flush receives along venting is 3/20 to 1/5 of each circulation
(2) or comprise absorption, 4 equal step-downs, forward discharging, reverse discharging, back flush, 4 boost pressures and finally boosting in 20 interior steps, it is characterized in that for any one adsorbent bed in each circulation, 1 forward drain steps is arranged, the suitable venting of discharge is direct or at least one suitable jar of exitting of process is used for 1 of while or 2 other adsorbent beds provide purge gas or auxiliary boost gas, 1 reverse drain steps, 3 back flush steps receive along venting, described forward discharging provides the time of purge gas to be 1/20 of each circulation, and the time that back flush receives along venting is 1/10 to 3/20 of each circulation.
4, according to claim 1 or 2 described pressure swing absorption process, in 2 10 variable pressure absorption technique device with wealth absorption, each adsorbent bed and regeneration cycle process comprise absorption, 4 drop pressures, forward discharging, reverse discharging, back flush, 4 boost pressures and 20 steps of finally boosting, it is characterized in that for any one adsorbent bed in each circulation
(1) have 2 forward drain steps provide purge gas or auxiliary boost gas for 2 other adsorbent beds simultaneously, 1 reverse drain steps, 4 back flush steps receive along venting, described forward discharging provides the time of purge gas to be 1/10 of each circulation, the time that back flush receives along venting is 3/20 to 1/5 of each circulation
(2) or 1 forward drain steps arranged, that discharges directly or through at least one jar is used for providing purge gas or auxiliary boost gas for 2 other adsorbent beds simultaneously along venting along venting, 2 reverse drain steps, 4 back flush steps receive along venting, described forward discharging provides the time of purge gas to be 1/20 of each circulation, and the time that back flush receives along venting is 3/20 to 1/5 of each circulation.
5, according to claims 1 or 2 described pressure swing absorption process, in 8 variable pressure absorption technique device of 2 absorption simultaneously, the absorption of each adsorbent bed and regeneration cycle process, comprise absorption, 3 drop pressures, forward discharging, reverse discharging, back flush, 3 boost pressures and finally boosting in 16 interior steps, it is characterized in that for any one adsorbent bed in each circulation, 1 forward drain steps is arranged, that discharges directly or through at least one is used for simultaneously providing purge gas or auxiliary boost gas for 1 or 2 other adsorbent beds along the venting jar along venting, 1 reverse drain steps, 3 back flush steps receive along venting, described is 1/16 of each circulation along putting the time that purge gas is provided, and the time that back flush receives along venting is 1/8 to 3/16 of each circulation.
6, according to claim 1 or 2 described pressure swing absorption process, in 9 variable pressure absorption technique device of 2 absorption simultaneously, it is characterized in that absorption or regeneration cycle process for each adsorbent bed,
(1) comprises absorption, 3 drop pressures, forward discharging, reverse discharging, back flush, 3 boost pressures and finally boosting in 18 interior steps, it is characterized in that for any one adsorbent bed in each circulation, have 2 forward drain steps provide purge gas or auxiliary boost gas for 2 other adsorbent beds simultaneously, 1 reverse drain steps, 4 back flush steps receive along venting, described forward discharging provides the time of purge gas to be 1/9 of each circulation, the time that back flush receives along venting is 1/6 to 2/9 of each circulation
(2) or comprise absorption, 4 drop pressures, forward discharging, reverse discharging, back flush, 4 boost pressures and finally boosting in 18 interior steps, it is characterized in that for any one adsorbent bed in each circulation, 1 forward drain steps is arranged, that discharges directly or through at least one is used for simultaneously providing purge gas or auxiliary boost gas for 1 or 2 other adsorbent beds along the venting jar along venting, 1 reverse drain steps, 3 back flush steps receive along venting, described forward discharging provides the time of purge gas to be 1/18 of each circulation, and the time that back flush receives along venting is 1/9 to 1/6 of each circulation.
7. according to claim 1 or 2 described pressure swing absorption process, in 6 variable pressure absorption technique device, the absorption of each adsorbent bed and regeneration cycle process, comprise absorption, 3 drop pressures, forward discharging, reverse discharging, back flush, 3 boost pressures and finally boost and form and have 1 adsorbent bed to be in adsorption step all the time in interior 12 steps, it is characterized in that for any one adsorbent bed in each circulation, what forward drain steps was discharged directly or through at least one jar is used to 1 other adsorbent bed that purge gas or auxiliary boost gas are provided along venting along venting, 2 back flush steps receive along venting, it is not wait along the time of exitting that described forward discharging provides the time of purge gas and back flush reception, the time of even number step and odd number step is not wait, when the ratio of even number step and the time of odd number step greater than 1 the time, the shared unit at the same time of drain steps and reverse drain steps forward; The ratio of odd number step and the time of even number step is greater than 1 o'clock, last drop pressure step and the shared unit at the same time of drain steps forward.
8. according to claim 1 or 2 described pressure swing absorption process, in 7 variable pressure absorption technique device, the absorption and the regeneration of each adsorbent bed follow process, comprise 4 drop pressures of absorption, forward discharging, reverse discharging, back flush, 4 boost pressures and finally boosting in 14 interior steps, all the time there is 1 adsorbent bed to be in adsorption step, it is characterized in that for any one adsorbent bed in each circulation, what forward drain steps was discharged directly or through at least one jar is used to 1 other adsorbent bed that purge gas or auxiliary boost gas are provided along venting along venting, 2 back flush steps receive along venting, it is not wait along the time of exitting that described forward discharging provides the time of purge gas and back flush reception, the time of even number step and odd number step is not wait, when the ratio of odd number step and the time of even number step greater than 1 the time, the shared unit at the same time of Pai Fang step and reverse drain steps forward; The ratio of even number step and the time of odd number step is greater than 1 o'clock, last drop pressure step and the shared unit at the same time of drain steps forward.
9. the purposes of claim 1 or 2 described pressure swing absorption process is characterized in that: be applicable to the Separation ﹠ Purification of various mists.
10. the purposes of claim 1 or 2 described pressure swing absorption process is characterized in that: be applicable to from various containing and remove light hydrocarbon, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide the hydrogen mixed gas, to produce the pure hydrogen gas of weak suction meeting ability.
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| CN110252083B (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2022-05-20 | 天津大沽化工股份有限公司 | Pressure swing adsorption method for synthetic tail gas in PVC production |
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