CN1261916C - Rotatable southern-northern hemisphere same-viewpoint map projection map - Google Patents

Rotatable southern-northern hemisphere same-viewpoint map projection map Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN1261916C
CN1261916C CN 02149672 CN02149672A CN1261916C CN 1261916 C CN1261916 C CN 1261916C CN 02149672 CN02149672 CN 02149672 CN 02149672 A CN02149672 A CN 02149672A CN 1261916 C CN1261916 C CN 1261916C
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
map
projection
northern hemisphere
south
hemisphere
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN 02149672
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN1508764A (en
Inventor
严岗铭
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to CN 02149672 priority Critical patent/CN1261916C/en
Priority to AU2003289629A priority patent/AU2003289629A1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2003/001006 priority patent/WO2004055755A1/en
Publication of CN1508764A publication Critical patent/CN1508764A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN1261916C publication Critical patent/CN1261916C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B19/00—Indicating the time by visual means
    • G04B19/26—Clocks or watches with indicators for tides, for the phases of the moon, or the like
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B29/00—Maps; Plans; Charts; Diagrams, e.g. route diagram

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Educational Administration (AREA)
  • Educational Technology (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • Instructional Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a rotatable projective map of a southern-northern hemisphere same-viewpoint map, which is provided with a base, wherein the base is provided with a linking rotary disk component which is provided with a projective map of a southern-northern hemisphere map. The projective map of the southern-northern hemisphere map is obtained in the projective modes: dividing a sphere into a southern hemisphere and a northern hemisphere along the equatorial plane; projecting the geographic mesh shapes of the southern hemisphere and the northern hemisphere at the same normal projection direction; setting a preconcerted viewpoint on an axial line between northern earth pole and celestial north pole. Thus, a projective map of a northern hemisphere map is obtained by penetrating a projective plane, and a projective map of a southern hemisphere map is obtained by the reflection of the projective plane. The present invention emphasizes the balanced expressivity of all the areas, gives prominence to the characteristics of star autorotation, and has the characteristics of convenient reading, clear and visual observation, vivid and real-time appearance, global integration intensification, etc.

Description

Rotating south, the Northern Hemisphere are with viewpoint map projection map
Technical field
The present invention relates to world map, particularly relate to a kind of subject research, the rotating south of developing, Northern Hemisphere such as meteorology, thalassography, geography, geology and navigation, Aeronautics and Astronautics, interspace exploitation, universe exploration of being widely used in viewpoint map projection map.
Background technology
Terrestrial globe is that we observe the earth, the understanding earth, the highly effective instrument of the research earth.It is the solid that reduces by a certain percentage, thereby the coordinate thing of sphere and figure have indeformable property, and except inconvenience was carried, received and kept, still having some deficits was that people can not observe a greater part of in addition of it simultaneously.
Map is a flat carrier of describing earth surface space things, face of land three-dimensional body can be summarized plotting by map and become the two dimensional surface form, and have regionality and scalability, and its advantage is to be convenient for carrying, and uses directly perceived; In numerous activities of human society now, nearly all be unable to do without and use map.
Paste at present wall, hang employed common world map, its drawing principle is based on considering the human body physiological characteristic of the clear reading visual line of sight of low coverage of standing, and uses the convenience of reading, thereby can not make larger proportion chi map.The common world map of more popular use is all below 1: 3,000 ten thousand engineer's scale, and on this map sheet symbol, the intensive zone of mark, residential area between the adjacent 80km or symbol all can not represent in pairs, and this small scale map sheet in fact the border amount to calculate precision very poor.
It is very difficult will summarizing the earth boundless universe in so little displaying area, thereby has in the middle of the small scale world map that uses at present map symbol is omitted, and map elements is simplified, and map comprehensively tightens up, and causes use value to descend.In fact people do it intercontinental figure for the time being more, extra large land distribution plan uses.
" map projection " is that a kind of mathematics rule of using is the method for spherical co-ordinate thing rendition to the plane.Since the geometry deformation characteristic of map projection, thereby derive system of multiple map projection (geographic mesh), and according to different application targets, various countries' publication at present, the common world map that uses all have multiple version.
In the world map of popular use, with regard to the geographic mesh Shape Classification, more is to adopt bus phase tangent meridian and launch, and makes the projection applicable surface varied, the A. rectangle is wherein arranged, B. ellipse, C. east, the Western Hemisphere shape, D. distinguish shape, E. star, F. butterfly or the like.No matter and adopt which kind of figure, following deficiency is arranged respectively reading to use:
1, do not represent the two poles of the earth in the mapborder; (projecting plane A)
2, polar regions are ruptured, are out of shape very big; (projecting plane A, B, C)
3, the many lobe divisions in the Southern Hemisphere, the Antarctica is invisible to be sayed, breaks up global globality; (projecting plane E, F)
4, south, the many lobe divisions in the Northern Hemisphere, light side in weighing; (projecting plane D)
The symmetry of 5, separating south latitude and north latitude; (projecting plane D, E, F)
6, from 90 ° of hemispherical area metamorphopsic distortion aggravations in addition in addition of central meridian; (projecting plane A, B, E, F)
7, adjacent warp or parallel are spaced apart non-equal difference curve (except that Mercator's projection, Gall); (projecting plane A, B, C, D, E, F);
8, be difficult to the variation of the horizontal latitude circle of reflection, Ground Point linear speed, degree of exposure on the patterned grid; (projecting plane A, D);
9, the large scale map sheet is read inconvenience (map sheet top is away from eye-level display); (projecting plane A, B, C, D, E, F)
10, fail intuitively to reflect between " celestial body " rotation characteristic and time domain and concern; (projecting plane A, B, C, D, E, F)
11, sub-satellite track is a para-curve, and the layman is difficult to understand; (projecting plane A, B, D, E, F)
12,, standardized world map graphics version do not arranged as yet at present so the world is multinational because central area distortion is little and various countries publish, the oneself that draws is subjective, and strengthening is main between two parties.(projecting plane A, B, D, E, F)
In traditional hemisphere framing map projection map, its technique effect that dissects expansion treat as other hemisphere on the equator the axle fulcrum and rotate 180 °, make the tangent back projection of spherical crown top and projection plane and get fulcrum axial line and the tangent (see figure 1) vertical promptly eastern, that the Western Hemisphere is dissectd with the equator; South, the fulcrum shaft that dissects of the Northern Hemisphere to the line parallel equatorial plane and with the tangent (see figure 2) in equator.Clearly, these two kinds all belong to " machinery turns over crown type hemisphere framing layout formula again " world map, are less than 1/2nd but this type of hemisphere dissects framing type its edge distortion degree of comparing with other system of map projection.
On east, the transverse axis zenithal map projection map that dissects of the Western Hemisphere, because each hemisphere is from establishing central meridian, make that the distortion of fringe region and two polar regions is little than rectangle, but because shaft axis and vertical 90 ° mutually of eye-level displays, so use and the similar (see figure 1)s of effect such as histogram, oval figure.
On south, the positive axis zenithal map projection map that dissects of the Northern Hemisphere, since each hemisphere east, west longitude dimension numerical value on the contrary to, so it is very poor to use the continuity in south, the Northern Hemisphere, and oppositely be inverted in the zone of top figure, be easy to cause the visual sense illusion, so many in the past as the area map use (see figure 2) that with the two poles of the earth, north and south is the center.
In the moon of making according to satellite image (or other celestial body) instrument or its map projection's map, because corresponding celestial body is the lithosome celestial body that lacks aqueous water, again because of base map symbols such as the water front that do not have residential area, city, river, Hu Hai, supply line, boundary, administrative divisions, so its mapping is the plane views that lacks " base leveling origin ", although adopt the light hill shading method, but its relief, the stereoeffect of elevation change is faint, because map symbols information is single, and even the layman easily produces obvious illusion and regards the depression, crater as highland.In brief, this map is the perspective projection figure that does not have " sea level ", and as seen it is appreciated greater than use value.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to solve the existing all drawbacks of traditional map projected map, and provide a kind of balanced expressivity of emphasizing each zone, outstanding star self rotary feature, make the more convenient readability of user, clear and intuitive, image in real time, the rotating south, the Northern Hemisphere of strengthening global integration are with viewpoint map projection map.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the invention provides a kind of rotating south, the Northern Hemisphere is with viewpoint map projection map, this map is provided with base, the interlock rotary disc assembly is housed on the base, rotary disc assembly is provided with south, Northern Hemisphere map projection map, this map projection's map obtains by following projection pattern: along equatorial plane spheroid is divided into south, the Northern Hemisphere, south, the geographic mesh shape in the Northern Hemisphere is all the positive axis azimuthal projection, be provided with to the axis between the celestial north pole in the arctic, ground and draft viewpoint, make map projection's map in the Northern Hemisphere see through projection plane and get that map projection's map in the Southern Hemisphere is then reflected by projection plane and gets.This design meets people's vision mechanism, and the impression of south, Northern Hemisphere map projection map is all sent from a bit, has taken on a new look because tradition is southern, the Northern Hemisphere is dissectd separately and reverse opposition and asymmetry that two viewpoint observation post bring.Interlock rotary disc assembly linkage left and right rotating disk in the same way, rotate synchronously reaches " rotation " purpose, therefore makes plane world map band time domain, dynamic, result make south, the map action of Northern Hemisphere map projection perfect harmony with the reflection vision of celestial body rotary body.
Rotary disc assembly comprises the active rotating disk of edge tep reel tooth and is positioned at its both sides, left-hand rotation dish that is meshed with it respectively and right-hand rotation dish, and they all are contained on the base by bearing.
Initiatively rotating disk can rotate by manual or electronic mode, and during manual mode, initiatively rotating disk can be by the arbitrarily manually rotation of dress handwheel thereon, and initiatively the interlock rotating ratio between rotating disk and left-hand rotation dish, the right-hand rotation dish is 2: 1; During electronic mode, initiatively rotating disk can be driven by electric rotary, and can make forward, reverse quick rotation and homing; Interlock rotating ratio between electric rotary, active rotating disk and left-hand rotation dish or the right-hand rotation dish is 1: 1: 1.
Electric rotary is driven by the stepper motor of clock control, and the initial moment of zero is located on the following perpendicular bisector of the clock dial needle shaft that is contained in the electric rotary surface during every day of clock zero, and corresponding to the following perpendicular bisector of international date line; Hour hands on clock dial inhour and projected map in the same way, synchronous operation, and minute hand and hour hands rotate in the same way.
The interlock timing of south, Northern Hemisphere map projection map is that prime meridian of Greenwich hits exactly the sky up, international date line below, and its 180 ° of east, west longitude line overlap with perpendicular bisector.
Base neutral place below the terminator that passes south, the Northern Hemisphere map projection map center of circle is provided with some additional accompanying drawings of area condition that complete representation is striden administrative division, equator domain that are used for.
The geographic mesh of south, Northern Hemisphere map projection map is the three dimensions net, and when applying mechanically non-physical map, but height above sea level is zero between default mesh face and base leveling origin; When applying mechanically physical map, its positive and negative absolute value relative of annotation in legend or on the figure frame with base leveling origin; Its corresponding geographic mesh can be represented the key element stack of different elevations space simultaneously, and the graduation that all can misplace, wrong degree graduation or encryption graduation.
The geographic mesh applicable surface of the positive axis azimuthal projection of south, Northern Hemisphere map projection map all can be corresponding in orthogonal projection, external projection, spherical projection, gnomonic projection, azimuthal equal area projection, azimuthal equidistant projection, the equal-angle azimuthal projection a kind of, or apply mechanically the same hemisphere map projected map of different map contents.
Hang down the direction sign symbol that is distributed with denotation coordination point direction in the latitude district at hemisphere map by the equator, and direction sign North and South direction line overlaps with the coordinate points warp; Be shown with the corresponding world time zone symbol of five equilibrium longitude in the map collimation mark.
South, the equal available electron screen system of Northern Hemisphere map projection map or optical projection system are expressed.
Contribution of the present invention is, it provides a kind of and appeared dynamic, balanced, directly perceived, vivid novel world map suddenly between traditional map and terrestrial globe, the logical fraud of traditional world map optical projection system is taken on a new look, more shown the key element that map in the past cannot or hardly be expressed, and embody some speciality of terrestrial globe, characteristics of the present invention have following performance:
One, owing to drafts viewpoint all on the celestial north pole axis, i.e. " a viewpoint effect ", split, the reverse antagonism of layout are eliminated again to make traditional south, Northern Hemisphere positive axis azimuthal projection framing, and the advantage of its positive axis azimuthal projection, feature are able to discharge in world map, performance, and global globality, symmetry, continuity, impression, the property understanded acquisition are strengthened.
Two, owing to be provided with the active rotating disk of linkage and left-hand rotation dish, right-hand rotation dish, make south, Northern Hemisphere map in the same way, synchronously corresponding " rotation " become possibility, it is balanced that this innovation structure is expressed each zone, eliminated the drawing theory of traditional " egocentric ", and had following characteristics:
1, read conveniently, rotation figure dish makes to be witnessed in the zone downward modulation eye-level display scope;
2, in the hemisphere framing, no matter southern, the east-west graticule unanimity of its coordinate points of the Northern Hemisphere;
3, symmetry, in the same way, synchronously, dynamically explain linear speed, the degree of exposure of different parallels circle Ground Point;
4, the time difference directly perceived, figure coils the definition of direct annotation world time zone, divides;
5, when insert time-controlled motor assembly and cover timing pin at automatic rotating disk after, promptly become " pattern timing on solar day demonstrator ".
6, the non-para-curve of substar rail, and the star ground changing of the relative positions is directly understanded, and is important to space scientific research, solar-system operation practicality;
7, relatively, in equal clear reading visual line of sight, increase π between the main engineer's scale doubly, applicable surface can increase 4.9 times, and cartographic generalization information is detailed, the use value height with oval map.
Three, owing on the basis of above-mentioned two characteristics, added the positive and negative height value auxiliary element of warp and weft wire side, the feasible corresponding altitude value different with " base leveling origin ", the vertical corresponding face of land of all key elements, space coordinate points on its geographic mesh applicable surface, more stackable positive and negative elevation warp and weft wire side, thereby:
1, be that weather forms main cause in view of solar radiation and Coriolis force two factors, in the time of on being used in physical map can:
A, the real-time cloud atlas of the corresponding height above sea level eminence of expression, barogram, monsoon figure, precipitation figure, stacking diagram etc.
B, the real-time warm current of expressing corresponding height above sea level depths, cold current figure, stack ocean current chart etc.
Geologic map etc. at the bottom of c, the continental platform geomorphologic map of expressing corresponding height above sea level depths, submarine geology figure, the land;
2, the stack artificial spacecraft is around luck row track;
3, be that the projected map that lacks the lithosome celestial body of aqueous water is set up ' base leveling origin '.
Four, because the design's hemisphere map projected map is to be sleeved on the figure dish, so can be according to different application targets and object, instantaneously changing is south, the Northern Hemisphere positive axis zenithal map projection map graph of plotting by different distortion character, this multi-usage is particularly suitable for teaching demonstration, and is applied on the screen display.
Five, because the design's hemisphere map projected map is to be sleeved on the figure dish, thus can be according to special application target and requirement, suit two has the same hemisphere positive axis zenithal chart of different map contents, and it is dual-purpose to play a figure.
When six, do to hang using, it is ornamental, appreciating, practicality are very strong, has proved the viewpoint of " cartography is a science and the set of art ".
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is traditional east, the transverse axis zenithal map projection map synoptic diagram that the Western Hemisphere is dissectd.
Fig. 2 is traditional south, the positive axis zenithal map projection map synoptic diagram that the Northern Hemisphere is dissectd.
Fig. 3 is south of the present invention, the Northern Hemisphere optical projection system synoptic diagram with viewpoint map projection map.
Fig. 4 is a relatively synoptic diagram of projected map.
Fig. 5 is that south of the present invention, the Northern Hemisphere are with viewpoint map projection map synoptic diagram.
Fig. 6 is manual mode rotary disc assembly of the present invention and understructure synoptic diagram.
Fig. 7 is a schematic appearance of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is electronic mode rotary disc assembly of the present invention and understructure synoptic diagram.
Fig. 9 is another schematic appearance of the present invention.
Embodiment
The following examples are to further explanation of the present invention and explanation, and the present invention is not constituted any limitation.
Fig. 3 be the south of the present invention, the Northern Hemisphere with the Cheng Yingtu of system of viewpoint map projection, native system is added the set of map observing pattern and is obtained positive axis zenithal map projection map by map projection's pattern.
Map projection's pattern as shown in Figure 3, (N among the 3A is projecting plane, the Northern Hemisphere on the projecting plane of geographic mesh, S among the 3B is projecting plane, the Southern Hemisphere) be cut in ground surface limit 61,51, on diameter extended line perpendicular to the projecting plane, projection places from the centre of sphere 55 to line at infinity with light source 54, because the light source position difference, the geographic mesh shape of the Cheng Ying of institute is not quite similar, and just deformation properties is different.Be positioned at the centre of sphere as light source 54 and then be gnomonic projection, be positioned at the spherical projection that is of sphere, be positioned at the external projection that is outside the ball, be positioned at the orthogonal projection that is of infinite distance.
The map observing pattern also as shown in Figure 3, observation to N projecting plane, S projecting plane, drafting viewpoint 53 all is positioned on 52 sections on the celestial north pole axle simultaneously, its resultant map image feature is different, make Northern Hemisphere map projection map see through projection plane N and get that the Southern Hemisphere map projection map is reflected by projection plane S and gets.Obviously and since its Southern Hemisphere map projection map plotting of projection plane S reflection results just in time with Fig. 2 in 180 ° of traditional the Southern Hemisphere map projection map plotting counter-rotatings, and the figure plotting in the Northern Hemisphere remains unchanged.
In Fig. 4, the great circle radius R of the terrestrial globe model in establishing Fig. 4 A 1 ballBe 1 o'clock, the long C in equator 1=2 π R 1 ball, i.e. C 1=2 π; Among Fig. 4 B figure be with the equator be main engineer's scale and with the terrestrial globe equator 2 π appearance of the 4A ellipse of making by Robinson's projection " world map " of chi in proportion, clearly summary the level of detail of both sides' map is quite consistent.Its Robinson's projection applicable surface area is by spherome surface formula S among the 4A 1 ball=4 π R 1 2And draw (with reference to the scale on Fig. 4).
Again in Fig. 4,4C be the south of the present invention, the Northern Hemisphere with viewpoint map projection map, hemisphere map projected map map sheet radius r wherein 3Equate with Robinson's perspective view among the 4B is high, i.e. spacing E among the figure, that is to say human body stand the clear reading visual line of sight of low coverage effectively on bottom margin.As seen and since south of the present invention, Northern Hemisphere map projection map sheet around the ground axle in the same way, Rotation Design synchronously, make away from second half figure of top of effective clear read area arbitrarily modulation in the effective visual line of sight in below.
Significantly, compare with the longitude world map that cuts open that Fig. 4 B is common, when in identical effective visual line of sight (wide 2 π * high E), the descriptive geometry character of 4C of the present invention has following feature:
(1), when being main engineer's scale with equatorial line, main engineer's scale increases π doubly;
Formula C is arranged in Fig. 4 A 1=2 π R 1
C among the ∵ 4A 1C among the=4B 2∵ C again 1=2 π R 1=2 π 1
∴C 2＝2π
Formula C is arranged in Fig. 4 C 3=2 π r 3
∵r 3＝π
∴C 3＝2π·r 3＝2π·(π)＝2π·π
Therefore work as C 2: C 3The time, 2 π are arranged: 2 π π that is to say 1: π.
(2), when with the applicable surface area relatively the time, area increases π 2/ 2 times; In Fig. 4 A, formula S is arranged 1 ball=4 π r 2
S among the ∵ 4A 1 ball=S 2 is ellipse∵ S again 1 ball=4 π R 1 2
＝4π
∴ S 2 is ellipse=4 π
In Fig. 4 C, formula S is arranged 3 circles=π r 3 2
∵r 3＝π
∴ S 3 pairs of circles=2 * π r 3 2
＝2×π(π) 2＝2π 3
Therefore work as S 2 is ellipse: S 3 pairs of circlesThe time, 4 π are arranged: 2 π 3, that is to say 1: π 2/ 2.
(3), the applicable surface cartographic generalization of this south, Northern Hemisphere map projection map, be equal to radius R 4Be R among Fig. 4 A 1 ballSummarize on * 2.22 times terrestrial globe (Fig. 4 D) face of land.
In Fig. 4 C, formula S is arranged 3 circles=π r 3 2
Order: S 4 balls=S 3 pairs of circles
∵ S 3 circles=π r 3 2In, r is arranged 3=π
∴ S 4 balls=2 * S 3 circles
I.e. 4 π R 4 2=2 * π r 3 2=2 * π (π) 2
R 4 2＝2×π 3×1/4π＝π 2/2
R 4 = π 2 / 2 ≈ 2.22
Therefore, be projected in Robinson and look on an equal basis under the E condition, the cartographic generalization that the present invention expresses is 2.22 times on year-on-year basis of the radiuses of a ball.As seen, to be that the terrestrial globe of Fig. 4 D is summarized the level of detail consistent for the cartographic generalization of Fig. 4 C and engineer's scale.
Fig. 5 shows south of the present invention, the Northern Hemisphere with viewpoint map projection map, among the figure, the 40th, Northern Hemisphere map projection map, the 30th, the Southern Hemisphere map projection map, 61 is arctic point, also is the installation position of left-hand rotation dish, the 51st, and Geophysical South Pole, also be the installation position of right-hand rotation dish, 34,44 is the geographic mesh of positive axis zenithal map projection map.On the Northern Hemisphere in the map, the map symbol elevation on dotted line 45 its coordinate points of expression is on grid surface height above sea level, and the map symbol elevation on solid line 46 its coordinate points of expression is under grid surface height above sea level or equate.In the map of the Southern Hemisphere, dotted line represents that map symbol elevation on its coordinate points is under grid surface height above sea level, map symbol elevation on its coordinate points of solid line 35 expression is on grid surface height above sea level or equate, (of particular note, because Fig. 5 is a small scale map, so the dotted line in the map of the Southern Hemisphere is represented to fail to mark, as the warp and weft of basin symbol covering).36,47 is the direction sign symbol among the figure, and its North and South direction line overlaps with the coordinate points warp all the time, and in the map, the sensing center of circle is the arctic, is reversed the South Pole on the Northern Hemisphere; In the map of the Southern Hemisphere, point to then opposite.32,42 is prime meridian of Greenwich, the 31, the 41st, and international date line, the 37, the 48th, the world time zone interval of equal portions longitude.
Fig. 6 shows the preferred embodiments of the present invention rotary disc assembly and understructure, this routine rotating disk is a manual turntable, as shown, rotary disc assembly 20 comprises left-hand rotation dish 22, active rotating disk 21, right-hand rotation dish 23, they be respectively left, center, right be contained in mounting seat 10 parallel plane same planes on, each disk edge is provided with interlock dish tooth, they are corresponding respectively to be sleeved on the bearing grooved ring of turntable bearing 221,211,231 separately, each bearing then is mounted in it respectively on the axle 222,212,232, each central shaft is contained on the base, and its two ends are fixed with nut.Place, four angles at base 10 is provided with a plurality of mounting holes that are used to hang 11.
Fig. 7 is an external view of the present invention, and as shown, north, the ground Figure 40,30 of the Southern Hemisphere map projection are sleeved on the card of left-hand rotation dish 22, right-hand rotation dish 23 through central shaft 222,232 respectively, and by the nut locking.On active rotating disk 21 cards, be provided with the handwheel 213 of being with arrow and outwards protruding, rotate handwheel during use and just can easily top hemisphere map modulation be arrived in the clear read area in below.
Again as shown in Figure 7, because initiatively rotating disk and left-hand rotation dish, right-hand rotation dish rotating ratio are 2: 1, arrow 2131 on the handwheel 213 all can play the hour hands effect, in the time of representing that territory of use is local or GST (Greenwich standard time) (changeing two circumference a corresponding clockwise solar day).But require arrow vertically upward when installing, and time zone, the region center line of corresponding indication vertically downward, figure points to consistent about the while with warp.
Fig. 8 is another rotary disc assembly of the present invention and understructure, this routine rotating disk is an electric rotary, the manual structure of its basic structure and Fig. 6 is basic identical, difference is, initiatively rotating disk 21 is not to be driven by handwheel, but be provided with the stepper motor of controlling by clock 25, rotate by this driven by motor electric rotary 24, and rotate on time by electric rotary drive active rotating disk 21.Rotating ratio between electric rotary 24, active rotating disk 21, left-hand rotation dish 22 or the right-hand rotation dish 23 corresponds to 1: 1: 1 in this embodiment.
Among Fig. 8, clock 25 is a time set, and its all configurable mechanical type or electric-controlled type when adopting the back mode, all can be done forward, reverse quick rotation and homing action.
Fig. 9 is Fig. 8 embodiment external view, with Fig. 7 more as can be known, cancelled the handwheel of band arrow, clock plate 251, minute hand 252 and hour hands 253 are set above two map projected maps, the sensing of hour hands 253 and angle are represented the corresponding same time zone moment on the left and right mapborder.
In Fig. 9, what need special instruction is, value corresponds to and rotates a circumference and average equal portions a solar day quarter its hour on the clock plate 251, and the initial moment of zero was located on the perpendicular bisector of clock dial 251 when every day was zero, accordingly on Figure 30,40 international date line 31,41 vertically downward, minute hand 252 and hour hands 253 are followed the earth rotation direction and are moved by inhour.
In Fig. 7 and Fig. 9, below the center of circle terminator 43,33 that passes left and right hemisphere map 40,30, be that base neutral 12,13,14 places are equipped with some additional accompanying drawings, be used for the situation that complete representation is striden administrative division, equator domain, make its regional cartographic generalization easy-to-read.
In sum, rotatable south of the present invention, the Northern Hemisphere is specially adapted to be based upon that visual " Geographic Information System " (GIS) use with viewpoint map projection map, have ageing, global, and be zero with the base leveling origin, negative to the earth's crust, just between the exosphere, perpendicular to ' base leveling origin ' coordinate, tangible, the cartographic generalization of the invisible all key elements in space, and to global meteorology, thalassography, geography, geology and navigation, aviation, space flight, interspace exploitation, the research of subjects such as universe exploration, development activities provides a kind of desirable practical three-dimensional information map.

Claims (10)

1, a kind of rotating south, the Northern Hemisphere is with viewpoint map projection map, it is characterized in that, this map is provided with base (10), interlock rotary disc assembly (20) is housed on the base, rotary disc assembly is provided with south, Northern Hemisphere map projection map (30,40), this map projection's map obtains by following projection pattern: along equatorial plane spheroid is divided into south, the Northern Hemisphere (50,60), south, the geographic mesh (34 in the Northern Hemisphere, 44) shape is all the positive axis azimuthal projection, be provided with to the axis between the celestial north pole (52) in the arctic, ground (61) and draft viewpoint (53), make map projection's map (40) in the Northern Hemisphere see through projection plane and get that map projection's map (30) in the Southern Hemisphere is then reflected by projection plane and gets.
2, rotating south according to claim 1, the Northern Hemisphere are with viewpoint map projection map, it is characterized in that, described rotary disc assembly (20) comprises the active rotating disk (21) of edge tep reel tooth and is positioned at its both sides, left-hand rotation dish (22) that is meshed with it respectively and right-hand rotation dish (23), they all are contained on the base (10) by bearing.
3, rotating south according to claim 2, the Northern Hemisphere is characterized in that with viewpoint map projection map, and initiatively rotating disk (21) can rotate by manual or electronic mode; Wherein during manual mode, initiatively rotating disk (21) can be by the arbitrarily manually rotation of dress handwheel (213) thereon, and initiatively the interlock rotating ratio between rotating disk (21) and left-hand rotation dish (22), the right-hand rotation dish (23) is 2: 1; When electronic mode, initiatively rotating disk can be driven by electric rotary (24), and can make forward, reverse quick rotation and homing; Interlock rotating ratio between electric rotary, active rotating disk and left-hand rotation dish or the right-hand rotation dish is 1: 1: 1.
4, rotating south according to claim 3, the Northern Hemisphere are with viewpoint map projection map, it is characterized in that, described electric rotary (24) is driven by the stepper motor of clock (25) control, the initial moment of zero is located on the following perpendicular bisector of clock dial (251) needle shaft that is contained in the electric rotary surface during every day of clock (25) zero, and corresponding to the following perpendicular bisector of international date line (31,41); Hour hands on the clock dial (253) inhours and map projection's map (30,40) in the same way, synchronous operation, and minute hand (252) rotates in the same way with hour hands (253).
5, rotating south according to claim 1, the Northern Hemisphere are with viewpoint map projection map, it is characterized in that, the interlock timing of described south, Northern Hemisphere map projection map (30,40) is that prime meridian of Greenwich (32,42) hits exactly the sky up, international date line (31,41) below, and its 180 ° of east, west longitude line overlap with perpendicular bisector.
6, rotating south according to claim 1, the Northern Hemisphere are with viewpoint map projection map, it is characterized in that, locate to be provided with some additional accompanying drawings of area condition that complete representation is striden administrative division, equator domain that are used in the base neutral (12,13,14) of terminator (33, the 43) below of passing south, Northern Hemisphere map projection map (30, the 40) center of circle.
7, rotating south according to claim 1, the Northern Hemisphere are with viewpoint map projection map, it is characterized in that, the geographic mesh (34,44) of described south, Northern Hemisphere map projection map (30,40) is the three dimensions net, when applying mechanically non-physical map, but height above sea level is zero between default mesh face and base leveling origin; When applying mechanically physical map, its positive and negative absolute value relative of annotation in legend or on the figure frame with base leveling origin; Its corresponding geographic mesh can be represented the key element stack of different elevations space simultaneously, and the graduation that all can misplace, wrong degree graduation or encryption graduation.
8, rotating south according to claim 1, the Northern Hemisphere are with viewpoint map projection map, it is characterized in that, the geographic mesh applicable surface of the positive axis azimuthal projection of described south, Northern Hemisphere map projection map (30,40) all can be corresponding in orthogonal projection, external projection, spherical projection, gnomonic projection, azimuthal equal area projection, azimuthal equidistant projection, the equal-angle azimuthal projection a kind of, or apply mechanically the same hemisphere map projected map of different map contents.
9, rotating south according to claim 1, the Northern Hemisphere are with viewpoint map projection map, it is characterized in that, hang down the direction sign symbol (36,47) that is distributed with denotation coordination point direction in the latitude district at hemisphere map by the equator, and direction sign North and South direction line overlaps with the coordinate points warp; Be shown with the corresponding world time zone symbol (37,48) of five equilibrium longitude in the map collimation mark.
10, rotating south according to claim 1, the Northern Hemisphere is characterized in that with viewpoint map projection map, and described south, Northern Hemisphere map projection map (30,40) be available electron screen system or optical projection system expression all.
CN 02149672 2002-12-16 2002-12-16 Rotatable southern-northern hemisphere same-viewpoint map projection map Expired - Fee Related CN1261916C (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN 02149672 CN1261916C (en) 2002-12-16 2002-12-16 Rotatable southern-northern hemisphere same-viewpoint map projection map
AU2003289629A AU2003289629A1 (en) 2002-12-16 2003-11-27 A rotatable projective map of the southern and northern hemisphere from the same point of view
PCT/CN2003/001006 WO2004055755A1 (en) 2002-12-16 2003-11-27 A rotatable projective map of the southern and northern hemisphere from the same point of view

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN 02149672 CN1261916C (en) 2002-12-16 2002-12-16 Rotatable southern-northern hemisphere same-viewpoint map projection map

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1508764A CN1508764A (en) 2004-06-30
CN1261916C true CN1261916C (en) 2006-06-28

Family

ID=32514446

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN 02149672 Expired - Fee Related CN1261916C (en) 2002-12-16 2002-12-16 Rotatable southern-northern hemisphere same-viewpoint map projection map

Country Status (3)

Country Link
CN (1) CN1261916C (en)
AU (1) AU2003289629A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2004055755A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101923801B (en) * 2009-06-10 2012-02-29 武汉大学 Generation method of regular dodecahedron map projection
CN104143274A (en) * 2013-05-06 2014-11-12 裴岐玮 Teaching aid capable of displaying forming of celestial body in electric field and moving of celestial body under control of electric field
CN104637393B (en) * 2015-02-13 2017-08-29 广西科技大学鹿山学院 Human-computer interaction intelligent tellurion
CN108961971B (en) * 2018-07-13 2020-09-25 合肥市科技馆 Map drawing and displaying equipment
CN109300391B (en) * 2018-10-16 2020-11-03 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 Map design method and device
NL2031772B1 (en) * 2022-05-04 2023-11-14 Johannes Van De Werdt Cornelis Device for displaying a spherical object in a flat plane

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3023735A1 (en) * 1980-06-25 1982-01-14 Vdo Adolf Schindling Ag, 6000 Frankfurt World time clock with rotating time zone map - provided by disc cooperating with time zone scale around edge of underlying disc
CA1282808C (en) * 1989-09-28 1991-04-09 Dwight Darling World time device
US6243099B1 (en) * 1996-11-14 2001-06-05 Ford Oxaal Method for interactive viewing full-surround image data and apparatus therefor
US5902113A (en) * 1996-08-07 1999-05-11 C. Robert Pryor Map and calculator device
DE29715472U1 (en) * 1997-08-28 1997-10-30 Li, Yan Duem, Doou-Lion, Yun-lin World clock
US5917778A (en) * 1997-09-25 1999-06-29 Cube-I, L.L.C. Geographical chronological device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2003289629A1 (en) 2004-07-09
WO2004055755A1 (en) 2004-07-01
CN1508764A (en) 2004-06-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Kennedy et al. Understanding map projections
Strahler Modern physical geography
Turnbull Cartography and science in early modern Europe: Mapping the construction of knowledge spaces
Robinson et al. Matching the map projection to the need
Denny The science of navigation: from dead reckoning to GPS
CN1261916C (en) Rotatable southern-northern hemisphere same-viewpoint map projection map
Rajani et al. Sea-level changes and its impact on coastal archaeological monuments: seven pagodas of Mahabalipuram, a case study
Skopeliti et al. Choosing a suitable projection for navigation in the arctic
JP2009187008A (en) Map in azimuthal equidistant hemispheric projection with reduced distortion
KR20110118901A (en) Electronic globe
CN203288164U (en) Transparent four-color latitude-longitude celestial globe
CN202102636U (en) Earth movement teaching demonstration aid
Konnelly GIS applications to historical cartographic methods to improve the understanding and visualization of contours
Cameron et al. A New Map of the World’s Hydrosphere
KR200461430Y1 (en) Globe for observing diurnal motion of stars
Taylor et al. Astronomical applications of the quincuncial map projection
Tobler Unusual map projections
Garfinkle et al. General tips for observing the moon with both the naked eye and optical instruments
Kittler et al. Analemma, the Ancient Sketch of Fictitious Sunpath Geometry—Sun, Time and History of Mathematics
Piovan et al. Principles and Techniques of Cartography
KR102449814B1 (en) Celestial globe for education
Schoeman Map Work
Popko et al. Circular Reasoning
Phillips Unit I. For Course in Global Geography Offered at the New Kensington High School
HAWKINS Sun, moon, men, and stones

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C14 Grant of patent or utility model
GR01 Patent grant
C17 Cessation of patent right
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee

Granted publication date: 20060628

Termination date: 20121216