CN1259623A - Electro composite work medium recirculating internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Electro composite work medium recirculating internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
An electrically-operated composite work medium circutating internal combustion engine is that on basis of intenal combustion engine, solution tank, filter, electric pump, pressure regulator, qliuid supply main pipe, liquid supply branch pipe, electromagnetic sprayer, electric control apparatus and several sensors are added. The solution used is composed of hydrogen peroxide, water, methanol and liquid ammonia proportionally. Under the control of electric control apparatus, the present invention fulfills composite work medium circulation, compared with air work medium circulating internal combustion engine, the present invention possesses the advantages of NOx exhaust can be reduced by 70%, CO and hydrocarbon compound exhaust can be reduced by 30% etc.
Description
The invention relates to an internal combustion engine, in particular to an electronic control compound working medium circulation internal combustion engine.
The working characteristics, the economical efficiency and the environmental protection of the internal combustion engine, which is a thermal machine for converting thermal power, are mainly determined by the matching relationship among three elements of the structural design, the combustion system and the circulating working medium and the functions of the three elements in the thermal power conversion process. For a long time, intensive research on the first two factors has been focused on in the direction of internal combustion engine research, and a great deal of results have been obtained. However, researches on how to utilize the cycle fluid and the characteristics thereof to systematically solve the problems of environmental protection, economy and the like of the current internal combustion engine which still faces and even aggravates, further improve the combustion process of the internal combustion engine, improve the thermodynamic cycle efficiency, reduce the emission and the like still belong to a blank at home and abroad.
The wide application of internal combustion engines in the fields of industry, agriculture, transportation, military and the like and the continuous increase of the reserved quantity of the internal combustion engines bring serious challenges to the future application and development of the internal combustion engines along with the gradual shortage of international petroleum resources and the increasingly prominent ecological and environmental protection problems of the earth and the practical problems of the current internal combustion engines in the aspects of emission, oil consumption, noise, reliability and the like. In response, the internal combustion engine technologists in various countries adopt a plurality of measures and methods to solve the problems of economy and environmental protection of the internal combustion engine through long-term research. These measures have been shown to have positive and effective effects on certain aspects of internal combustion engines, but have not achieved the goals of further improving fuel consumption, increasing cycle power, reducing heat load, prolonging the service life of parts and reducing noise while comprehensively reducing the emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) of the internal combustion engines.
The emulsified oil technique is one of the methods proposed earlier. The technology is mainly characterized in that fuel oil and water are mixed in a certain form according to a certain proportion to form emulsified oil which is directly sprayed into a cylinder for combustion. The emulsified oil is divided into 'water-in-oil' and 'oil-in-water', and part of heat is consumed in water drops to evaporate in the combustion process. Therefore, the combustion temperature of the emulsified oil is lower, which is beneficial to reducing the generation amount of NOx in the cylinder, and meanwhile, the water drops possibly have the phenomenon of 'bursting' or water molecule cracking in the evaporation process, so that the combustion is improved to a certain extent. There has been no consistent conclusion as to the effects of HC and CO emissions. The emulsified oil is a mixture of water and fuel oil, so the emulsified oil is very easy to separate layers during placement, and the practical application of the emulsified oil is seriously influenced. Meanwhile, the evaporation of water droplets in the emulsified oil consumes a large amount of combustion heat, so that the thermal efficiency is reduced. When the engine is started and stopped, the unburnt emulsified oil can remain in the cylinder, and parts in the cylinder are easy to rust. Therefore, the oil emulsifying technology has not been widely adopted by internal combustion engines.
The concept of the combined cycle is derived from the study of gas turbines. The present invention relates to a method for reducing the temperature of a turbine and increasing the output power of the turbine. The double working fluid-combined cycle of a gas turbine is a typical example thereof. The main principle of the technology is that the exhaust heat of a gas turbine is utilized to heat a boiler to generate steam, and then the steam is reinjected to the turbine inlet of the gas turbine through a pipeline. The reinjected steam is mixed with the hot gas exhausted from the combustion chamber to form double working media, and then the double workingmedia and the double working media enter the turbine to do work. The technology is mainly characterized in that the heat of the waste gas is utilized to generate water vapor, so that the energy-saving effect is achieved. By properly controlling the amount of reinjection steam and the steam temperature, the heat load of the turbine can be reduced, and the cycle efficiency and the power output of the gas turbine can be improved. The technology is adopted by relevant products in China, the United states and the like at present.
The electronic control oil injection and tail gas exhaust after-treatment device for internal combustion engine is a perfect technology for solving the problems of gasoline engine exhaust and economy. The electronic fuel injection device of the gasoline engine senses parameters of the engine such as rotating speed, air inlet quantity, air inlet temperature, exhaust temperature, water temperature, lambda signals and the like, and aims at controlling the electronic fuel injection device of the gasoline engine to operate at each cylinderThe timing and quantity of fuel injection are adjusted in real time to achieve the optimum fuel-air ratio. The exhaust gas aftertreatment device is manufactured by using the principles of oxidation catalysis and reduction catalysis, mainly according to the emission of NOx, HC, CO, soot, particles and the like in the exhaust gas. For a gasoline engine, the fuel electrojet and a three-way catalytic device are matched for use, so that the emission of NOx, HC and CO can be effectively reduced under the condition that lambda is 1. However, in the case of diesel engines, the exhaust gas contains not only NOx, HC and CO but also SO2And the presence of particles. They are highly susceptible to corrosion and clogging of after-treatment devices, and therefore diesel engines must be equipped with regeneration systems to eliminate clogging. Since the air excess factor λ of a diesel engine is much greater than 1, NOx is difficult to treat because oxidation catalysts can generally be used only to reduce CO and HC emissions. The presence of sulfates in the exhaust gas, in turn, presents great difficulties in the reliable use of oxidation catalysts on diesel engines. Exhaust after-treatment of diesel engines therefore appears to be complex and immature relative to gasoline engines. The combination of fuel oil electric spraying and an exhaust after-treatment device can effectively reduce the exhaust and oil consumption of the gasoline engine under certain conditions, but the matching cost is high, the oil requirement is high, the catalytic device is easy to be poisoned and lose efficacy, and the oil consumption is increased due to improper use. The technology can not greatly reduce the heat load of the gasoline engine, improve the cycle efficiency, prolong the service life of high-temperature parts and the like while solving the problem of gasoline engine emission.
The mixed working medium concept was originally introduced into diesel engine applications and was proposed by the patent "mixed working medium low heat emission supercharged diesel engine" (patent No. 93112617.7). The technology proposes that atomized water drops can be vaporized into water vapor in a cylinder through heat absorption by spraying water into the cylinder of the diesel engine at regular time through an air inlet channel of the diesel engine, and a strong heat regeneration effect is generated. The water vapor is mixed with the inlet air in the cylinder to form an air-water vapor mixed working medium. The technology is characterized in that the timing and the amount of water spray are controlled at the opening stage of the air inlet valve, and the effect of latent heat of vaporization of water drops is utilized as much as possible to cool high-temperature parts in a cylinder. Therefore, the technology has the main effects of greatly reducing the heat load in the cylinder of the diesel engine,improving the cycle heat efficiency and simultaneously reducing NOx. This has the disadvantage that it is only effective when the diesel engine power exceeds 70% of its rated power. Otherwise, the phenomenon of unstable combustion, increased oil consumption, deteriorated emission of CO and HC, increased particles and the like can be caused by too low temperature in the cylinder. Therefore, the technology can not achieve the purposes of reducing the heat load and the oil consumption of the diesel engine and simultaneously reducing the emission of NOx, CO, HC and particles in the full working condition range of the diesel engine.
The invention aims to supplement and perfect a 'mixed working medium low-heat-dissipation supercharged diesel engine', and provides an electronic control compound working medium circulating internal combustion engine, so that in the working process of the internal combustion engine, compound working medium circulation is timely generated and organized in a cylinder, the compound working medium, namely not only a mixed working medium of water and air, is a working medium formed by mixing steam of a special solution and air entering the cylinder, compression, combustion and circulating work are carried out in the cylinder of the internal combustion engine, and a series of chemical reactions are generated to ensure that the internal combustion engine is in the range of all working conditions, thereby comprehensively and effectively reducing the emission of NOx, HC and CO and the fuel consumption rate, greatly reducing the working heat load of the internal combustion engine, improving the power, prolonging the service life of high-temperature parts in the cylinder and reducing the working noise of the engine. The technology is suitable for the application of diesel engines, gasoline engines, air-cooled engines, gas engines and other internal combustion engines.
The main content of the invention is to realize the circulation of the composite working medium of the internal combustion engine by developing a set of electric control injection system and configuring the electric control injection system in the internal combustion engine device system to control the injection of a special solution in the cylinder in real time according to the structural characteristics and the working characteristics of the internal combustion engine at present. And the internal combustion engine circulating according to the compound working medium has the advantages of lower emission, oil consumption and heat load, larger power potential, higher reliability and the like compared with the internal combustion engine circulating according to the air by using an optimized control means.
Specifically, the electronic control compound working medium circulation internal combustion engine comprises an internal combustion engine with a fuel supply system and an air supply system, and is characterized by also comprising the following components in parts by weight: (1) the solution supply system consists of a solution tank, a filter, an electric pump, a pressure regulator, a liquid supply main pipe, liquid supply branch pipes and an electromagnetic type ejector; (2) an electric control system consisting of an electric controller and a plurality of sensors timely controls the working procedures of the internal combustion engine, including the work of an electromagnetic ejector and an electric pump; (3) solution in solution tankIs prepared from hydrogen peroxide (H)2O2) Water (H)2O), methanol (CH)3OH) and liquid ammonia (NH)3) The multi-component solution prepared according to a certain proportion is sprayed into the cylinder to form a composite working medium with air entering the cylinder; the electromagnetic injector is arranged on an air inlet pipe, an air inlet passage or a cylinder cover of the internal combustion engine. The sensors comprise a starting switch, and sensors for air inlet temperature, air inlet pressure, exhaust temperature, internal combustion engine cooling water temperature, rotating speed, a rack position signal of a fuel pump (in the case of a diesel engine) and a throttle position (in the case of a gasoline engine); the electric controller consists of a power supply, an input processor, an A/D converter, a microprocessor, an output processor and the like; water (H) in said solution2O) and hydrogen peroxide (H)2O2) Methanol (CH)3OH) and liquid ammonia (NH)3) The value ranges are as follows according to the weight ratio:
H2O 1
H2O20.05～0.4
CH3OH 0.01～0.3
NH30.01～0.08
the preferable weight ratio of the solution is as follows:
H2O 1
H2O20.3
CH3OH 0.2
NH30.03
the timing and quantity of the solution are controlled by an electronic control injection system to be injected into a cylinder of the internal combustion engine, and the solution is vaporized into superheated steam in the cylinder through heat absorption and then mixed with air entering the cylinder to form a composite working medium to form composite working medium circulation of the internal combustion engine. The solution is a multi-component liquid with a special formula, mainly composed of H2O2、H2O、CH3OH and NH3The materials are formed according to the proportion. The redox reaction mainly shown in the process of the composite working medium participating in the combustion is as follows:
m is an inert gas element such as nitrogen, argon and the like.
The above chemical reaction formula is the main chemical reaction formula of the composite working medium in the cylinder in the combustion process of the internal combustion engine. Wherein, the formulas (1) to (6) and (9) are the oxidation, decomposition and combination reactions of the composite working medium components in the combustion process to generate OH groups and H2H, O, which promote combustion. The formula (8) and the formula (11) are oxidation reactions of CO and HC compounds. The formulas (12) to (15) are reduction reactions of NO. The other reaction is the reaction of water vapor with CO andHC compound substitution reaction formula. The invention relates to an electric control compound working medium circulation internal combustion engine, which is realized by adding a plurality of elements with different proportions into a cylinder in time in the air circulation working medium of the existing internal combustion engine. They therefore differ in their combustion chemistry. As can be seen from the above reaction formula, the composite working medium not only can promote combustion, but also can treat CO and CO under any conditions,HC and NOx undergo oxidation-reduction reactions, effectively promoting the reduction of emissions from internal combustion engines.
For gasoline engines, intake air carries oxygen O into the cylinder due to the excess air factor close to 12Although the reaction of the formulae (8) and (11) is insufficient, the reaction of the formulae (4) and (5) is less likely to produce O and H2The element O promotes the oxidation and substitution reactions of the formulae (7), (8), (10) and (11), and effectively suppresses the production of CO and HC. In the gasoline engine, NOx is lean-burn, so that the reduction reaction of the formulas (13) to (15) is sufficient, NO is less, and the NO can be further reduced by the formula (12). For a diesel engine, the excess air combustion coefficient is far greater than 1, so that the oxidation reactions of the formulas (8), (9) and (11) are sufficient, and in addition, the CO and HC compounds can be largely oxidized by the reaction formulas of the formulas (4), (5), (7) and (10) in the presence of the composite working medium. The reduction reaction is insufficient due to oxygen enrichment in the formulae (14) and (15), and the amount of NOx produced is large. However, the compound working medium has the formula (12) and the formula (13), and the reaction of the formula (12) and the formula (13) can effectively reduce NOx into N2And H2And O. Therefore, as can be seen from the above chemical reaction formula, the compound working medium cycle of the internal combustion engine can comprehensively and effectively reduce the emission of CO, HC and NOx under any combustion condition.
Meanwhile, the compound working medium circulation of the internal combustion engine utilizes the regenerative effect generated by the heat absorption and vaporization of the multi-component solution in the cylinder, can greatly reduce the heat load in the cylinder of the internal combustion engine and the thermophysical characteristics of the compound working medium, such as high heat capacity, and the like, and can also effectively inhibit the generation of NOx, so that the NOx emission of the internal combustion engine can be greatly reduced.
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the electric control compound working medium circulation internal combustion engine.
In the figure:
1-solution tank 2-filter
3-electric pump 4-pressure regulator
5-liquid supply main pipe 6-liquid supply branch pipe
7-electromagnetic injector 8-fuel nozzle
9-high pressure fuel pump 10-internal combustion engine
11-inlet pipe 12-outlet pipe of internal combustion engine
13-DC power supply 14-electric control instrument
15-starting switch 16 connected-inlet air temperature
17-intake pressure 18-speed signal
19-cooling water temperature 20-exhaust temperature
21 oil pump rack position signal
In a conventional internal combustion engine, air is sucked, and high-temperature and high-pressure gas is generated to push a piston to do work through a combustion process of compression and fuel ignition. The internal combustion engine according to the circulation of the composite working medium is a composite working medium formed by mixing multi-component composite gas directly generated in a cylinder with intake air in the initial stage or the process of intake air, and performs compression, combustion and circular work.
The working principle of the electric control compound working medium circulation internal combustion engine is shown in figure 1. The invention relates to an electric control compound working medium circulation internal combustion engine, which is formed by additionally arranging a solution tank 1 for containing special solution, a filter 2, an electric pump 3, a pressure regulator 4, a liquid supply main pipe 5, a liquid supply branch pipe 6, an electric controller 14, an electromagnetic ejector 7, a plurality of sensors and the like on the basis of an internal combustion engine (10 in the figure represents the internal combustion engine, and the internal combustion engine is only a part of one cylinder of the internal combustion engine). Therefore, the whole electronic control compound working medium circulation internal combustion engine system is divided into four parts of fuel supply, air supply, solution supply, an electronic control system and the like. Wherein the fuel supply is shown as fuel injector 8, high pressure fuel pump 9 and air supply is shown as engine inlet 11, and the engine outlet 12 is defined by the engine assembly. The solution supply draws the solution from the solution tank 1 by means of the electric pump 3, through the filter 2 and the pressure regulator 4, and the excess solution is returned to the solution tank 1 through the pressure regulator 4. The solution is distributed to each electromagnetic injector 7 through a liquid supply main pipe 5 and a branch pipe 6 by a constant pressure difference of about 250 to 350 kilopascal (Kpa), and the solution is injected into each cylinder 10 by the electromagnetic injector 7 according to the working sequence of each cylinder 10 of the internal combustion engine. The electromagnetic injector 7 may be arranged in the intake pipe 11, intake duct or cylinder head of the internal combustion engine, injecting the solution in front of the intake valve. Because the problem of air inlet interference of each cylinder is not involved, the air-liquid ratio A/L of the internal combustion engine can be accurately adjusted. The amount of solution injected into the cylinder 10 of the internal combustion engine is only related to the duration of the opening of the electromagnetic injector 7. The opening and closing of the electromagnetic injector 7 is determined by the electric pulse signal of the electronic control unit 14, and the length and the timing period of the electric pulse signal are determined according to the main control parameters and the correction parameters of the liquid injection amount. The parameters are collected by various sensors such as a starting switch sensor 15, an air inlet temperature sensor 16, an air inlet pressure sensor 17, a rotating speed signal sensor 18, a cooling water temperature sensor 19, an exhaust temperature sensor 20 and an oil pump rack position sensor 21, and then are processed by composite working medium circulation optimization software in an electric controller 14, and an electric pulse control signal is sent out.
When the compound working medium circulation internal combustion engine works, the electric controller 14 is electrified, the electric pump 3 works, and the injection system pipeline is filled with a solution of 250-350 Kpa. The signal sensor inputs parameters reflecting the working state of the internal combustion engine into the electronic control instrument 14, and the opening and closing of the electromagnetic injector 7 are automatically controlled by the output pulse signals of the electronic control instrument 14. Once the electronic controller sends out an injection command, the electromagnetic injector 7 is opened by an electric pulse signal, and the solution is injected into the cylinder 10 at a certain timing and quantity. The redundant solution returns to the solution tank 1 through a loop, the mist solution exchanges heat with high-temperature parts in the cylinder 10, and the heat load in the cylinder is obviously reduced while the solution is vaporized into multi-component gas. At the moment, the intake valve of the internal combustion engine is completely opened, and the intake air is mixed with the multi-component gas in the cylinder. The subsequent combustion process is the combustion of fuel oil in the composite working medium, and the generated high-temperature and high-pressure gas pushes the piston to do work. Because the compound working medium contains the oxidizing molecular group and the reducing molecular substance, HC, CO and NOx can be effectively eliminated in the cylinder. Meanwhile, the thermal physical properties of the composite working medium, such as specific heat, gas molecular weight, gas constant, adiabatic index and the like, have larger difference with the air working medium, and the reduction of the heat load in the cylinder and the increase of the enthalpy of the working medium are also beneficial to inhibiting the generation of NOx in the cylinder and improving the cycle heat efficiency and cycle power output of the internal combustion engine, so that the fuel consumption rate is reduced, the service life of high-temperature parts is prolonged, and the combustion noise is reduced.
The electric control system of the electric control compound working medium circulation internal combustion engine mainly controls the injection of the solution in the cylinder of the internal combustion engine, and is independent from and does not interfere with the oil injection system of the internal combustion engine. The spraying can be stopped in the starting and stopping processes of the internal combustion engine through the setting of software, so that the solution is prevented from remaining in the cylinder. The liquid spraying amount and the liquid spraying timing can be automatically adjusted according to the load, the rotation speed change, the acceleration working condition and the like of the internal combustion engine, so that the internal combustion engine working according to the circulation of the composite working medium keeps comprehensive optimization in the aspects of indexes such as emission, oil consumption, power, heat load and the like.
Tests show that compared with the conventional air working medium circulation internal combustion engine, the electronic control composite working medium circulation internal combustion engine has the advantages that the NOx emission can be reduced by more than 70%, the emission of CO and HC compounds can be reduced by more than 30%, and the particle emission is obviously reduced. The combustion noise is reduced by 2-3 decibels, the heat load in the cylinder is greatly reduced, and the exhaust temperature is reduced by 80-140 ℃. The heat efficiency of circulation is improved by 5-6%, the consumption rate of fuel oil can be reduced by 3-5%, and the output circulation power can be improved by 10%.
After the conventional internal combustion engine is provided with the set of electric control injection system, the electric control compound working medium circulation internal combustion engine can be formed. Different types of internal combustion engines use different fuels, such as diesel engines, gasoline engines, gas engines, etc., and the formula of the spray liquid should be adjusted correspondingly so as to achieve better effect. If the composite working medium circulation internal combustion engine is applied with the technologies of optimizing and adjusting the structural parameters of the internal combustion engine, electrically spraying fuel oil, discharging a post-treatment device and the like, the composite working medium circulation internal combustion engine has comprehensive index advantages which cannot be compared with the conventional internal combustion engine at the present time. The technology simultaneously creates new research and application space for the future development of the internal combustion engine.
Claims (7)
1. An electronic control compound working medium circulation internal combustion engine, which comprises an internal combustion engine with a fuel supply system and an air supply system, and is characterized by also comprising:
(1) the solution supply system consists of a solution tank (1), a filter (2), an electric pump (3), a pressure regulator (4), a liquid supply main pipe (5), liquid supply branch pipes (6) and an electromagnetic type ejector (7);
(2) an electric control system consisting of an electric controller (14) and a plurality of sensors timely controls the working programs of the internal combustion engine, including the work of the electromagnetic ejector (7) and the electric pump (3);
(3) the solution in the solution tank (1) is made of hydrogen peroxide (H)2O2) Water (H)2O), methanol (CH)3OH) and liquid ammonia (NH)3) The multi-component solution prepared according to a certain proportion is sprayed into the cylinder and forms a composite working medium with the air entering the cylinder.
2. An engine according to claim 1, characterised in that said electromagnetic injector (7) is arranged in the intake manifold (11), or in the intake duct, or in the head of the engine, to ensure the injection of said solution in the air before it enters the cylinder.
3. An electronically controlled compound working medium circulating internal combustion engine as in claim 1 wherein said sensors include start switch, intake air temperature, intake air pressure, exhaust gas temperature, engine cooling water temperature, rotational speed and fuel pump rack position signal sensors.
4. An electronically controlled compound working medium circulating internal combustion engine as in claim 1 wherein said sensors include start switch, intake air temperature, intake air pressure, exhaust temperature, engine cooling water temperature, speed and throttle position sensors.
5. An electrically controlled compound working medium circulation internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the said electronic control unit (14) is composed of a power supply, an input processor, an A/D converter, a microprocessor, an output processor, etc.
6. An electrically controlled compound working medium circulation internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that said water (H) in solution is2O) and hydrogen peroxide (H)2O2) Methanol (CH)3OH) and liquid ammonia (NH)3) The value ranges are as follows according to the weight ratio:
H2O 1
H2O20.05～0.4
CH3OH 0.01～0.3
NH30.01～0.08
7. an electric control compound working medium circulation internal combustion engine according to claim 6, characterized in that the weight ratio of the solution is:
H2O 1
H2O20.3
CH3OH 0.2
NH30.03
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| CN 00111652 CN1110631C (en) | 2000-02-03 | 2000-02-03 | Electro composite work medium recirculating internal combustion engine |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 00111652 CN1110631C (en) | 2000-02-03 | 2000-02-03 | Electro composite work medium recirculating internal combustion engine |
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| CN1110631C CN1110631C (en) | 2003-06-04 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102362058A (en) * | 2009-03-25 | 2012-02-22 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Controller for internal combustion engine |
| CN102859170A (en) * | 2010-04-28 | 2013-01-02 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Ammonia-fueled internal combustion engine |
-
2000
- 2000-02-03 CN CN 00111652 patent/CN1110631C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102362058A (en) * | 2009-03-25 | 2012-02-22 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Controller for internal combustion engine |
| CN102859170A (en) * | 2010-04-28 | 2013-01-02 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Ammonia-fueled internal combustion engine |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN1110631C (en) | 2003-06-04 |
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