CN1256354A

CN1256354A - Motor vehicle purifier to eliminate smoke, reduce noise, prevent fire and dedust

Info

Publication number: CN1256354A
Application number: CN98125180A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杜成林
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1998-12-04
Filing date: 1998-12-04
Publication date: 2000-06-14

Abstract

The motor vehicle purifier of the present invention uses tail gas purifying device which operates by means of electronic purification, solid catalysis purification, and liquid adsorption and decomposing purification. It can treat CO, HC, NOx, SO2, CO2 and other harmful pollutant in tail gas effectively through oxidation, adsorption, decomposition, catalysis, neutralization and filtration, so as to reduce the environmental pollution of tail gas as far as possible. The present invention is one practical new-generation tail gas purifier for motor vehicles.

Description

A kind of motor vehicle purifier to eliminate smoke, reduce noise, prevent fire and dedust

The present invention relates to a kind of motor-vehicle tail-gas purifier to eliminate smoke, reduce noise, prevent fire and dedust product, belong to environmental protection class purification plant.Particularly at harmful tail gas carbon monoxide CO, hydrocarbon compound HC, sulfur dioxide SO that various Motor Vehicle discharged ₂Nitrogen oxide NO _xDeng, directly carry out effective purified treatment.

The earth is unique planet that human living is arranged in the solar system, and the various physical environments that are very suitable for human survival and development are arranged on this celestial body.Its mesosphere is exactly important constituent element in the earth physical environment.It is that we mankind depend on for existence and requisite natural material.But along with developing rapidly of human society and rolling up of world population, human destruction to physical environment forces the mankind always also not resemble and begins like this today the global air pollution problem is caused strong concern.People live in the boundless ocean of air, and clean air is concerning life, and is all more important than anything.The people need breathe clean air and earn a bare living, and an adult will breathe the about 10～15M of amount of air drawn every day about 20,000 times ³, almost be people's every day 10 times of required food weight, the metabolism of life for a single second also be unable to do without air, and common people did not have a meal in 5 weeks, did not drink water in 6 days, still can survive, and 5 minutes no breathings will be dead.Hence one can see that air is too important concerning we mankind really, and is too essential.Yet, in contaminated atmosphere, often contain harmful matter, carbon monoxide CO, sulfur dioxide SO ₂, nitrogen oxide NO _x, hydrogen sulfide H ₂S, hydrocarbon HC, excess carbon dioxide CO ₂And multiple inorganic or organic gas etc.These harmful gases are normal again to be suspended in the atmosphere jointly for a long time with the particulate matter (aerosol) that enters in the atmosphere.These are suspended in the pollutant in the atmosphere, not only the heat budget balance between the sun-earth are had tangible influence.Thereby cause some areas global climate and meteorological ANOMALOUS VARIATIONS.And can directly cause serious harm, even seize its life to vegeto-animal growth and existence on the earth.The depletion of the ozone layer of Chu Xianing in recent years, greenhouse effect, Ai Er Nino phenomenon and La Nina Phenomenon etc. have all proved fully and just have been subjected to very serious destruction by the air ambient that we mankind depend on for existence.And the Motor Vehicle that comes from the whole world is a main factor to the pollution of air ambient.According to statistics, global atmosphere pollutes comes from various Motor Vehicle institute discharge tail gas more than 60%.We know, Motor Vehicle can produce many harmful flue dust, waste gas, noise and kindling material when work, more because the height of tail gas that Motor Vehicle discharges is in group's breathing zone, therefore the harm to the mankind is just very big, continuous increase along with global Motor Vehicle quantity, the discharge amount of the harmful tail gas of Motor Vehicle is also increasing, and is existing so that our existent environment of people has been caused direct harm.The survey showed that according to the united nations environment protective tissue; occur in the photochemical smog incident of U.S.'s Lip river China fir alum and occurred in the smog episode of London and global in recent years climate warming, i.e. carbon monoxide CO in greenhouse effect and the atmosphere, carbon dioxide CO on December 5th, 1962 as far back as nineteen forty-six ₂, nitrogen oxide NO _x, sulfur dioxide SO ₂Deng the excessive concentration of harmful gas, necessary relation is arranged all.Many in the world cities are surrounded from the pollution that motor-vehicle tail-gas caused at present, more have progressively to enlarge the trend that worsens.The survey showed that according to another the World Health Organization, a large amount of carbon monoxide CO, the sulfur dioxide SO that are discharged in the motor-vehicle tail-gas ₂, nitrogen oxide NO _x, hydrocarbon HC, mixed gass such as hydro carbons are known from experience strong impulse people's eyes and respiratory system, cause the generation of numerous disease, and serious also can the causing death.According to incompletely statistics, whole world every year because of automotive emission to the contamination hazard that environment caused, made air that nearly million people died from by severe contamination and the various diseases that causes by atmospheric pollution.Other has more than one hundred million people's physical and mental health to be subjected to great threat.At present, also existing up to a hundred the urban air pollutions of China are serious, the direct relation that increased sharply of its pollution sources and Motor Vehicle.For the environment of protecting the mankind to depend on for existence, improve and improve city atmospheric environment, various strick precautions and control measures have appearred in the world wide, to reduce and to reduce the pollution of vehicular emission tail gas to air.

The major pollutants of automotive emission have carbon monoxide CO, hydrocarbon HC _x, oxysulfide SO, lead compound, BaP etc.A few days ago, many countries all control carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxide and administer as major pollutants.The automobile that Japan, Germany, USA in recent years are dispatched from the factory mostly is equipped with vent gas catalytic cleaner.Motor vehicle tail-gas purifying has three kinds of methods substantially: one is that one section method of purification claims catalytic oxidation again.Two is that two sections methods of purification claim catalytic oxidation-reducing again.The 3rd, the three-element catalytic method claims direct catalytic oxidation, purification-reduction method again.Above-mentioned three kinds of tail gas clean-up methods, though can eliminate a part of exhaust pollutant, actual purifying effect is subjected to certain restriction, thereby is difficult to reach the purpose of purification.In addition, its employed catalyst activity material mostly is some noble metals, as palladium, platinum, and some other noble metal, make the cost of purifier too high, be not easy to promote the use of.Purifying used catalyzer in addition is again by welding the bulk catalyst active substance to be shut in the housing of purifier basically.Therefore be difficult to be damaged or complete passivated catalyst piece according to actual purifying effect replacing.And its purifier function singleness, do not eliminate smoke, eliminate the noise, prevent fires dedusting function, reference " the control countermeasure of automobile exhaust dirt " version in 1989." Air Pollution Control Engineering " version in 1991, therefore, there is following defective in the use of existing tail gas cleaner for motor-driven vehicle.1. existing purifier inner catalyst carrier is the honeycomb bulk, or block ceramic quality, and general vapour lock is bigger during use, obviously influences the power of motor.The carrier of the catalyzer in the 2 existing purifiers mostly is straight hole formula structure, easily sprays kindling material during work.Fireproof performance is relatively poor.3. carrier and catalyst activity component in the existing purifier adhere to by absorption, therefore, meet vibration and are easy to damage or peel off, thereby influence purifying effect.4. the catalyst activation component in the existing purifier is a noble metal, rare metal, and its manufacture cost is too high, and practicability is imitated low.5. existing purifier catalyst carrier mostly is ceramic products, and not only weight is big, and the cracky that is hit, and working life is short, all is again disposable use.Therefore, purifying effect is difficult to guarantee.

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of multi-functional for Motor Vehicle smoke elimination, noise elimination, fire prevention, the dust removing purifier of one, utilize ionizer, ozonizer, catalyst, liquid adsorption, means such as solid absorption, decomposition, neutralization, filtration, directly to motor-vehicle tail-gas eliminate smoke, eliminate the noise, fire prevention, udst separation handle, the CO that impels Motor Vehicle to give off, HC, NO _x, SO ₂, CO ₂, the discharging of noxious pollutants such as hydro carbons reduces to minimum limit.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this, at first exhaust purifier is made into a rectangular, the shell 16 of cylindrical shape or oblate tubular, and be provided with tail gas clean-up suction tude 1 and the ultimate outlet pipe 13 of tail gas clean-up, 5-7 sheet purifying chamber dividing plate 8 is set in housing 16 respectively then, make the purifying chamber that is formed by 5-7 sheet dividing plate 8 become the mazy type tail gas clean-up chamber 2 that volume equates, and in first tail gas clean-up chamber 2, be provided with negative ions generator _ and ozonizer _ and catalyst layer 4 is installed, metal mesh filter layer 5, active carbon filtration layer 6, asbestos gauge filter layer 7.And make purifying chamber's dividing plate 8 of forming each mazy type purifying chamber 2 above or below be provided with a plurality of micro silencer purified gas passages 10..9. and below sewage draining exit 12 except first purifying chamber, the top of other each purifying chamber 2 all is equipped with liquid infiltration conduit 3 and infiltration head.In addition, and filter element for

purifier

4,5,6,7 is set at the front or the reverse side of each mazy type purifying chamber 2, _, _ replacement port 17.Motor Vehicle smoke elimination of the present invention, noise elimination, fire prevention, dust removing purifier are extremely promptly made in last outer sealed baffle 11 sealings of replacement port 17 usefulness purifiers that will install filter element for purifier again.Its working principle is such, when with this purification plant exhaust purifier with after the outlet pipe of starting motor-driven vehicle docks, connect car direct current power supply again, this exhaust purifier just can be in running order.At first when motor-vehicle tail-gas enters in this purifier mazy type purifier, the negative ions generator of on power supply is just started working, make the harmful gas in a large amount of negative ions and the tail gas mix absorption, decompose, neutralize, oxidize away the part harmful gas in the tail gas, meanwhile, be admitted to again from the high-temperature tail gas of motor and carry out catalytic decomposition in the catalyst layer, carry out further purified treatment.When the tail gas that carried out catalytic treatment more forward the time, metal mesh filter layer and active carbon filtration layer begin again tail gas is adsorbed, decomposition, oxidation, neutralization, filtration treatment, and then by the asbestos gauge filter layer with the flue dust in the tail gas; Finely ground particles carries out filtration, purification to be handled.When the tail gas after finishing above-mentioned tail gas clean-up processing enters in the second mazy type purifying chamber once more, the infiltration head that can freely seep water that is installed in the top, purifying chamber is set also begins in the purifying chamber, to infiltrate saturated the subtracting property aqueous solution.Because very high from the exhaust temperature of motor, therefore can make the very fast gasification of the aqueous solution that infilters in the purifying chamber, so just can be further to tail gas adsorb, decomposition, neutralization, filtration, purified treatment, reach the purpose of elimination kindling material simultaneously.So repeated multiple times ground to motor-vehicle tail-gas eliminate smoke, eliminate the noise, fire prevention, udst separation handle, and will discharge the purpose that promptly finish whole purified treatment through the tail gas of purified treatment more at last.

The present invention compares with existing tail gas clean-up technology, has following advantage: 1. this tail gas cleaner for motor-driven vehicle is that collection smoke elimination, noise elimination, fire prevention, dedusting, purification multifunctional are the efficient tail-gas purifying device of one, and practicability is very strong.2. this tail gas cleaner for motor-driven vehicle, owing to adopted electronics purification technics solid absorption liquid adsorption decomposition technique, and the catalyst decomposition technique promptly improved purification efficiency, but thoroughly eliminated the hidden danger of purifier fire hazard again, and safety coefficient greatly improves.3. this purifier is owing to adopted the design of mazy type purification channel, and therefore, vapour lock is little, and engine power is not had tangible influence.4. this purifier is owing to take integral assembling structure, the design of replaceable various filter cores, and the more efficiently reliability that improves tail gas clean-up has prolonged working life of purifier greatly.5. this purifier also scientifically adopts the absorption of liquid wet method that tail gas is carried out purified treatment except adopting cleaning by dry process tail gas.Therefore purifying effect is obvious.6. the catalytic activation thing in this purifier is a non-precious metal, therefore greatly reduced cost of production, but real work efficient is very high.7. this tail gas cleaner for motor-driven vehicle is owing to having adopted in wet method and having used purification treatment technology, but general lack of water or proper functioning all when anhydrous, tail gas cleaner for motor-driven vehicle of the present invention is applicable to various types of vapour, diesel car, is the very high environment-friendly products of a kind of practicability.

Below in conjunction with Figure of description and embodiment, further describe in detail bright to exhaust purifier of the present invention.

Figure of description (one) is the upright generalized section of looking in the front of this invention tail gas cleaner for motor-driven vehicle.

Figure of description (two) is the top cross-sectional view of this invention tail gas cleaner for motor-driven vehicle.

Figure of description (one) 9. is the upright generalized section of looking in infiltration head front 9. in the accompanying drawing ().

Figure of description (one) 10. is the upright generalized section of looking in a plurality of micro silencer purification channels front 10. that is arranged in the accompanying drawing one on the purifier dividing plate 8.

Figure of description (one) _, _ be ozonizer in the accompanying drawing () _ and negative ions generator _ the working principle schematic representation.

Among Figure of description (), (two) 1 are the suction tude of purifier; The 2nd, the mazy type purifying chamber in the purifier; 3 are arranged on the infiltration conduit on the purifier place shell; The 4th, the catalyst layer in the purifier; The 5th, the metal filtration layer in the purifier; The 6th, the active carbon filtration layer in the purifier; The 7th, the asbestos gauge filter layer in the purifier; The 8th, the purifying chamber's dividing plate in the purifier; 9. be the infiltration head in the purifier; 10. be a plurality of micro silencer purified gas passages in the purifier; The 11st, the sealed baffle at purifier place; The 12nd, the sewage draining exit in the purifier; The 13rd, the ultimate outlet pipe of purifier; _ be the ozonizer in the purifier; _ be the negative ions generator in the purifier; The 16th, the purifier shell; The 17th, the filter element for purifier replacement port; The 18th, the purifier inner filter core is plate washer fixedly.

Accompanying drawing (one) 9. 16 in the purifier infiltration head be purifier shell 19 be on the purifier infiltration head to water inlet, the 20th, the fixing bolt of purifier infiltration head, the 21st, a purifier infiltration shell, the 22nd, the seepage mouth in the purifier infiltration head, the 23rd, the out outlet of purifier infiltration head, the 24th, the buffering underpressure chamber of purifier infiltration head.

Accompanying drawing (one) 10. is a plurality of micro silencers on purifier internal partition 8 one ends, the purified gas passage, the 16th, the shell of purifier, 25 are arranged on the catalyzer front coating on the purifier internal partition, 26 are arranged on a plurality of noise elimination purified gas micropores on the

purifier dividing plate

8, and 27 are arranged on the reverse side catalyzer coating on the purifier internal partition 8.

Accompanying drawing (one) _, _ be the work schematic representation of purifier ozonizer and negative ions generator, A wherein is the ozonizer of purifier, B is a purifier 12V-24V power line, C is a power switch, D is the power line of 12V-24V of the negative ions generator of purifier, and E is the negative ions generator of purifier.

By Figure of description (), (two), (one) 9., (one) 10., (one) _ _ as can be known, when the suction tude 1 of this tail gas cleaner for motor-driven vehicle shell 16 with after the outlet pipe of motor car engine docks, connect the DC electrical source on the purifier again, tail gas at first enters in first interior mazy type purifying chamber 2 of this purifier, carries out purified treatment.By being arranged on negative ions generator in this purifying chamber _ in running order, the negative ions that is produced was mixed with the harmful gas in the tail gas before this, absorption, decomposition, oxidation, in and the part harmful matter in the tail gas.The tail gas pressure that launched car produced again continues to be fed into and carries out the catalytic decomposition purified treatment in the catalyst layer 4 subsequently.Meanwhile, be arranged on the metal mesh filter layer 5 in the purifying chamber 2, active carbon filtration layer 6, and ozonizer _, all begin tail gas is carried out solid absorption, decomposition, catalysis, oxidation, neutralization, filtration, purification processing.Thereby the flue dust in the elimination tail gas; The fuel that unburned is intact; Part minute metallic particle; Non-metallic particle; Carbon black; Carbon monoxide; Sulfur dioxide; Carbon hydride; Nitrogen oxide; Noxious pollutants such as hydro carbons begin again 10. to enter in next tail gas clean-up chamber and carry out purified treatment by being arranged on a plurality of micro silencers, purified gas passage on purifying chamber's dividing plate 8 one ends when tail gas carried out purified treatment in last mazy type purifying chamber after.At this moment, the water pipe 3 that is arranged on top, this purifying chamber is sent into the aqueous solution in the head that can freely seep water 9., and begins saturated the subtracting property aqueous solution of infiltration in purifying chamber 2.Because it is very high from the temperature of motor exhaust.Therefore can make the very fast partial gasification of the aqueous solution that penetrates in the purifying chamber, so just can be further to the noxious pollutant in the tail gas carry out that liquid absorbs, decomposes, neutralization, filtration, purification handle, cease the kindling material in the tail gas that goes out simultaneously, and again by the catalyst layer 4 that is mounted in this purifying chamber, metal mesh filter layer 5, active carbon filtration layer 6 and asbestos gauge filter layer 7 carry out purified treatment to tail gas again.The process of above-mentioned purified treatment is carried out after by forward direction in a plurality of mazy types purifying chamber 2 successively repeatedly.That is: when tail gas carried out purified treatment in last purifying chamber after, can be by the pressure effect of motor exhaust, enter again in next tail gas clean-up chamber 2 and carry out purified treatment, till discharging by purifier outlet pipe 13 again after in entering last purifying chamber 2, finishing smoke elimination, noise elimination, fire prevention, dedusting, purified treatment.When the tail gas clean-up that carries out after a while, the pollutant in the tail gas can be discharged dirt as long as at this moment open sewage draining exit 12 by the bottom of desorb postprecipitation to purifier.Negative ions generator in the above-mentioned exhaust purifier _ and ozonizer _ be an electronics purification plant, the position should be forward as much as possible, promptly is installed in first purifying chamber 2 in the purifier.Purifier of the present invention _, _ working principle be with accompanying drawing () _, _ in the high-tension electricity B of DC electronic high-pressure generating circuit, C, D introduces among negative ions generator E and the ozonizer A, utilize the negative ions produced and ozone to tail gas adsorb, oxidation, decomposition, neutralisation treatment, reach the purpose of cleaning of off-gas.9. the infiltration head of this purifier accompanying drawing (one) in 9. be to be secured on the neutral position of mazy type purifying chamber, top of purifier shell 16 by retaining screw 20.Infiltration head butt joint hose nozzle, the 19th, be fixed by welding on the infiltration shell 21, enter the purifying chamber in order to prevent to seep water to stop from the pressure effect of motor, therefore, a bottom design that will seep water becomes a semicircular buffering underpressure chamber 24, make the outer seepage mouth 23 of seepage mouth 22 in the infiltration head and infiltration head water seepage solution in the purifying chamber freely, thus guarantee liquid adsorption, decomposition, in and the effect of filtration, purification.This purifier accompanying drawing (one) in 10. 10. with purifier in dividing plate 8 are one, purifier dividing plate 8 is secured in the purifier by welding, wherein, the 16th, the shell of purifier, one end of purifier internal partition 8 is provided with a plurality of micropores 26, and purifier dividing plate 8 has an end of micropore, its

tow sides

25,27 all are coated with the catalyst layer.In addition, catalyst layer 4 in the above-mentioned purifier, metal mesh filter layer 5, active carbon filtration layer 6 and asbestos gauge filter layer 7 are to add one fixingly by being arranged on dividing plate 8 in the purifier and filter element for purifier plate washer 18, and its position is 2 intermediate portion in the purifying chamber.The user can be as required with 4,5, and 6,7 install and use respectively by the more renew cartridge mouth 17 that is arranged on the purifier shell 16, but also combination in any is used.This wherein 4 catalyst layer active component be element M g, Cu, Al, Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, Ti, Co.Its preparation method is for selecting a metallic carrier, and above-mentioned element is made each simple substance element in its activity of such catalysts component by repeatedly spraying plating, immersion plating or brush plating after preparing, and firm sticks on the carrier.And then by heat treatment, the final catalyst layer 4 that forms with high purifying property.5 metal mesh filter layers are 80-100 purpose Thin Stainless Steel net 4-6 layer, overlap and promptly consist of metal mesh filter layer 5.6 active carbon filtration layers are the industrial active carbon of coarse granule, and with 60 purpose Stainless Steel Wire Meshes, the active carbon that will screen is prepared into the thick active carbon filtration layer of 2-4Cm and gets final product as required.7 asbestos gauge filter layers are the crude asbestos fiber of heatproof moisture-proof, and it is prepared into ventilative, the water permeability thick tablet of 1-2Cm preferably, and being fixed on promptly becomes asbestos gauge filter layer 7 again on the carrier.Above-mentioned exhaust purifier is because of having adopted the electronics purification, and solid catalysis purifies and liquid adsorption purifies design, can independent as required use, and use also capable of being combined, and also can work normally in lack of water with when anhydrous, practicability is very strong.

Embodiment:

With the tail gas CO of three kinds of dissimilar Motor Vehicle before test, the content practical measurement value record of HC gets off, and sees measurement result (table one) at first respectively.Then Manufactured Motor Vehicle smoke elimination of the present invention, noise elimination, fire prevention, dust removing purifier are installed in respectively on the Motor Vehicle of three kinds of different models, carry out the motor vehicle tail-gas purifying test, behind the thousands of kilometers of motor-driven vehicle going, again motor-vehicle tail-gas is carried out CO, the HC Determination on content, its measurement result sees that (table two) takes out inspection with all filter cores in the purifier again afterwards, do not find that filter core has breakage and spalling phenomenon.The test vehicle is not installed the preceding testing result of exhaust purifier

(table)

After installing exhaust purifier, the test vehicle tests testing result

(table two)

Claims

A kind of Motor Vehicle smoke elimination, noise elimination, fire prevention, dust removing purifier is characterized in that:

1, this purifier is by a rectangular, the shell 16 of cylindrical shape or oblate tubular and tail gas clean-up suction tude 1, and the purifier profile of ultimate outlet pipe 13 compositions of tail gas clean-up.And 5-7 sheet purifying chamber dividing plate 8 is set in purifier shell 16, make the purifying chamber that is formed by 5-7 sheet dividing plate 8 become the mazy type tail gas clean-up chamber 2 that volume equates, and in first tail gas clean-up chamber 2, be provided with negative ions generator _ and ozone ion generator _ and catalyst layer 4 is installed, metal mesh filter layer 5, active carbon filtration layer 6, asbestos gauge filter layer 7.And make an end of purifying chamber's dividing plate 8 of forming each mazy type purifying chamber 2 be provided with a plurality of micro silencer purification channels 10..9. and below sewage draining exit 12 except first purifying chamber, the top of other each purifying chamber 2 all is equipped with liquid infiltration conduit 3 and infiltration head.In addition, and filter element for purifier 4,5,6,7 is set at the front or the reverse side of each mazy type purifying chamber 2, _, _, replacement port 17.Motor Vehicle smoke elimination of the present invention, noise elimination, fire prevention, dust removing purifier are extremely promptly made in last outer sealed baffle 11 sealings of replacement port 17 usefulness purifiers that will install filter element for purifier again.
2, according to a kind of Motor Vehicle smoke elimination, noise elimination, fire prevention, the dust removing purifier described in claims 1, it is characterized in that: the aqueous solution that 9. soakaway trench 3 and infiltration head are infiltered in the purifying chamber 2 in purifier when work is saturated the subtracting property aqueous solution.
3, according to a kind of Motor Vehicle smoke elimination, noise elimination, fire prevention, the dust removing purifier described in the claim 1,2, it is characterized in that: the catalytic activity component element in the catalyst layer 4 is: Mg, Cu, Al, Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, Ti, Co.Its preparation method is for selecting a metallic carrier, and above-mentioned element is made each simple substance element in its activity of such catalysts component by repeatedly spraying plating, immersion plating or brush plating after preparing, and firm sticks on the carrier.And then by heat treatment, the final catalyst layer 4 that forms with high purifying property.