CN1255342C - Glass sheet heating furnaces - Google Patents
Glass sheet heating furnaces Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1255342C CN1255342C CN 200410046056 CN200410046056A CN1255342C CN 1255342 C CN1255342 C CN 1255342C CN 200410046056 CN200410046056 CN 200410046056 CN 200410046056 A CN200410046056 A CN 200410046056A CN 1255342 C CN1255342 C CN 1255342C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- main
- glass plate
- accumulating type
- heater
- process furnace
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B29/00—Reheating glass products for softening or fusing their surfaces; Fire-polishing; Fusing of margins
- C03B29/04—Reheating glass products for softening or fusing their surfaces; Fire-polishing; Fusing of margins in a continuous way
- C03B29/06—Reheating glass products for softening or fusing their surfaces; Fire-polishing; Fusing of margins in a continuous way with horizontal displacement of the products
- C03B29/08—Glass sheets
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a heating furnace for a glass plate, which comprises a furnace body and a control device, wherein a glass conveying mechanism is arranged in the furnace body; the inner part of the furnace body is divided into a plurality of heating zones, wherein each heating zone is provided with a flame radiation pipe in a heat accumulating type, and diesel oil or natural gas or city gas or liquefied petroleum gas is used as the fuel of the heat accumulating type flame radiation pipe. A main fuel conveying pipeline, a main air supply pipeline and a main smoke discharging pipeline are arranged outside the furnace body smoke. Each flame radiation pipe in a heat accumulating type is provided with a two-position four-way valve, and the two main burning nozzles in each flame radiation pipe in a heat accumulating type alternatively work under the switching action of the two-position four-way valve. The control device controls the work of each flame radiation pipe in a heat accumulating type and each two-position four-way valve. The present invention adopts the burning heat as a heating source, so not only a new glass plate heating mode is provided, but also the heating temperature of the glass plate in the furnace body can be controlled accurately. Thus, the present invention provides a reliable technique guarantee for the heating quality of the glass plate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of glass plate heating furnace, especially a kind of with the combustion heat as thermal source and the process furnace that utilizes high-temp waste gas to carry out accumulation of heat, by the flame radiaton pipe sheet glass is heated simultaneously.
Background technology
Existing glass plate heating furnace is the energy usually with the electric energy, as the patent No. is the glass plate heating furnace that ZL02208450.9 and two Chinese patents of ZL0228451.7 are put down in writing, arrange an electric heating element such as a large amount of resistance wires, resistive band in the process furnace, during work, an electric heating element is converted into heat energy with electric energy and in the mode of radiation or convection current sheet glass is heated.Because electric energy is as secondary energy, price is higher relatively, under the situation of current supply of electric power growing tension, production tends to be subjected to the restriction of supply of electric power, therefore, be badly in need of other energy of development and use, the especially more economical energy glass plate heating furnace, to alleviate of the dependence of glass processing enterprise to electric energy as the work thermal source.
Summary of the invention
At the problem that prior art exists, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of is the work thermal source with the fuel combustion hotwork, reclaims heat in the high-temp waste gas by heat storage, and sheet glass is carried out the glass plate heating furnace of radiation heating by the flame radiaton pipe.
For achieving the above object, a kind of novel glass plate of the present invention process furnace comprises body of heater, control device, and body of heater is provided with sheet glass and imports and exports, and is provided with glass sheets mechanism in the body of heater; Be divided into several heating zone in the body of heater, at least one heat accumulating type flame radiaton pipe is set in each heating zone, this heat accumulating type flame radiaton pipe is made of a pair of main burner and a radiator tube that connects two main burners, be provided with heat storage in the main burner, main burner is a fuel with diesel oil or Sweet natural gas or town gas or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG); Match with each heat accumulating type flame radiaton pipe in the body of heater, body of heater is outside equipped with corresponding delivery of main fuel pipeline, main feed pipe road and main smoke discharging pipe, be provided with control valve between each main burner and the delivery of main fuel pipeline, each heat accumulating type flame radiaton Guan Jun disposes one two position four-way valve, air port in the heat accumulating type flame radiaton pipe on the two main burners joins by associated two position four-way valves and main feed pipe road and main smoke discharging pipe, and alternate combustion, alternately accumulation of heat and alternately smoke evacuation under the switching of two position four-way valves; Control device is controlled the work of each heat accumulating type flame radiaton pipe and each two position four-way valve.
Further, described body of heater is a horizontal, comprises upper furnace body, lower furnace body, and roller bed type glass sheets mechanism is installed on the lower furnace body.
Further, described control device is a programmable logic controller.
Further, described radiator tube is U-shaped or W shape or linear, is just made by heat-resisting.
Further, described heat storage is ceramic heat-storing sphere or ceramic honeycomb heat storage.
Further, also be provided with a public ratio adjusting valve between a pair of main burner in the described heat accumulating type flame radiaton pipe and the described delivery of main fuel pipeline.
Further, be respectively arranged with volume control damper between described two position four-way valves and the described main feed pipe road, this volume control damper is with ratio adjusting valve interlock corresponding with it.
Further, be provided with an igniter burner in described each main burner, this igniter burner has and main burner independently air supply line and fuel tube mutually, and its fuel tube is provided with control valve, and igniter burner is fuel with the combustion gas.
Further, be provided with an an electrical ignition element rifle and ionic or ultraviolet line style flame detection sensor on described each igniter burner.
Further, be provided with thermopair respectively in each heating zone of being divided in the described body of heater, detect with local temperature to each heating zone.
Further, be provided with CO in the described body of heater
2Gas sensor.
Further, described main smoke discharging pipe is provided with thermopair, and the total fuel tube of described each main burner is provided with under meter.
A kind of novel glass plate of the present invention process furnace adopts the combustion heat as the heating thermal source, a kind of brand-new sheet glass type of heating not only is provided, and by adopting advanced technology, constructing novel heat accumulating type flame radiaton pipe as heater element, dispose radiator tube with being divided into several heating zone in the body of heater simultaneously, and according to the fuel delivery of the temperature regulation radiator tube of each heating zone, make that the control of sheet glass Heating temperature is more accurate in the body of heater, for the heating quality of sheet glass provides reliable guidance.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the sectional view of a kind of novel glass plate of the present invention process furnace;
Fig. 2 arranges synoptic diagram for the top duct of a kind of novel glass plate of the present invention process furnace.
Embodiment
The body of heater of a kind of novel glass plate of the present invention process furnace is a horizontal as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, and this heating furnace body is made of upper furnace body 13, lower furnace body 18, and ceramic roller 16 is installed on the lower furnace body 18; Be divided into several heating zone in the upper and lower body of heater respectively, be provided with a heat accumulating type flame radiaton pipe 14 in each heating zone, this heat accumulating type flame radiaton pipe 14 is made of a pair of main burner 9 is connected two main burners 9 with one radiator tube 23, radiator tube 23 is W shape (see Fig. 2 office cut open shown in the position), two main burners, 9 airtight radiator tube 23 two ends that are installed in, be provided with heat storage 19 in each main burner 9, this heat storage 19 is ceramic heat-storing sphere or ceramic honeycomb heat storage, and main burner 9 is a fuel with diesel oil or Sweet natural gas or town gas or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG); Body of heater is outside equipped with delivery of main fuel pipeline 24 (part of only drawing among the figure), main feed pipe road 20 and main smoke discharging pipe 21, delivery of main fuel pipeline 24 links to each other with the fuel input aperture of each main burner 9 by pipeline 8 respectively, be provided with safety electromagnetic control valve 7 on the fuel tube 8 of each main burner 9, be provided with a public ratio adjusting valve 22 between a pair of main burner 9 in each heat accumulating type flame radiaton pipe 14 and the delivery of main fuel pipeline 24, each heat accumulating type flame radiaton pipe 14 all disposes one two position four-way valve 10, and the air port in the heat accumulating type flame radiaton pipe 14 on the two main burners 9 joins with main feed pipe road 20 and main smoke discharging pipe 21 by associated two position four-way valves 10; All dispose an igniter burner 3 in each main burner 9, this igniter burner 3 has air supply line 4 and the fuel tube 6 that main relatively burner 9 is provided with separately, its fuel tube 6 is provided with solenoid electric valve 5, igniter burner 3 is a fuel with combustion gas such as Sweet natural gas or town gas or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), be provided with an an electrical ignition element rifle 1 and a flame detection sensor 2 on each igniter burner 3, this flame detection sensor 2 can be ionic (IS), also can be ultraviolet line style (UV); Upper and lower stove all is equipped with temperature thermocouple 17 in intravital each heating zone, in the upper and lower body of heater CO is installed all simultaneously
2Gas sensor 12; Be provided with a volume control damper 11 between each two position four-way valve 10 and the main feed pipe road 20, this volume control damper 11 is by connecting rod (not shown) and ratio adjusting valve 22 interlocks, main smoke discharging pipe 21 is provided with temperature thermocouple 17 (not shown)s, and delivery of main fuel pipeline 24 is provided with the under meter (not shown).
After volume control damper 11 realized interlock by connecting rod and ratio adjusting valve 22, fuel feed and combustion air volume in the time of can making each main burner 9 burning always remained on a suitable proportioning state, to guarantee the works better of main burner 9.Ratio adjusting valve 22 all adopts existing procucts with volume control damper 11, and the person also can realize interlock by other modes.
Set CO in upper and lower body of heater
2Gas sensor 12 is used for the intravital CO of stove
2Gas content detects, CO under the normal circumstances
2Gas remains on the stable concentration, and when a certain radiator tube 23 occurs damagedly, the waste gas in it is leaked in the body of heater, at this moment the intravital CO of stove
2Gas concentration will exceed normal range, thereby utilize CO
2Gas sensor 12 can be diagnosed whether radiator tube 23 breakages are arranged in the body of heater.
Each heating zone is provided with temperature thermocouple 17 respectively in upper and lower body of heater, can grasp the intravital temperature distribution state of stove in real time, thereby provides foundation for the adjustment of body of heater internal heating temperature controlling and each Heating Zone Temperature.After on the delivery of main fuel pipeline 24 under meter being set, can in time understand the fuel consumption situation of process furnace.On main smoke discharging pipe 21, temperature thermocouple 17 is set, can estimates the energy-conservation situation of process furnace by measuring funnel temperature.
Radiator tube 23 can be W shape or U-shaped or linear as required, also can be other suitable shapes, and this radiator tube is made by high temperature steel, and level is installed in the upper and lower body of heater.
During process furnace of the present invention work, the control device (not shown) that is made of the PLC programmable logic controller is according to each the heat accumulating type flame radiaton pipe of time variable control set and the work of each two position four-way valve.
At first, solenoid electric valve 5 work, igniter burner 3 places of combustion gas in pipeline 6 is transported to each main burner 9, simultaneously to pipeline 4 air-supplies, light igniter burner 3 by burning torch 1, igniter burner 3 is lighted the back and kept state of combustion always in the entire work process of process furnace, when igniter burner 3 is lighted, flame detection sensor 2 sends detection signal to control device, shows that igniter burner 3 is working properly.In the process of process furnace work, in case flame detection sensor 2 does not detect the flame of igniter burner 3, control device will cut out solenoid electric valve 5 immediately, cut off its gas supply, to guarantee the safety of process furnace.
After igniter burner 3 was lighted, two position four-way valves 10 were connected a main feed pipe road 20 and a main burner 9 in its downstream heat accumulating type flame radiaton pipe 14, simultaneously main smoke discharging pipe 21 and another the main burner 9 in the same radiator tube 14 were connected; With security solenoid valve 7 work on the fuel tube 8 of main feed pipe road 20 anastomosing main burners 9, fuel is delivered into this main burner 9 and is lighted by igniter burner 3; Flame by the main burner 9 after lighting enters radiator tube 23, carry out radiation heating through the intravital sheet glass 15 of 23 pairs of stoves of radiator tube, waste gas after burning flows to another main burner 9 along radiator tube 23, and enters main smoke discharging pipe 21 through these main burner 9 air ports and two position four-way valves 10; Behind the main burner 9 burning appropriate times, the action under control device control of two position four-way valves 10, the two main burners 9 and the connected state of main feed pipe road 20 and main smoke discharging pipe 21 are commutated, originally incendiary master burner 9 cease combustions and be communicated with as flue with main smoke discharging pipe 21 are used, originally be switched with main feed pipe road 20 to be communicated with the main burner 9 of main smoke discharging pipe 21 connections, and the work that under the lighting of igniter burner 3, takes fire; So circulation.When the high-temp waste gas after burning is flowed through the main burner 9 that uses as flue, carry out heat exchange between the interior heat storage 19 of high-temp waste gas and this main burner 9, heat storage 19 is heated, and the waste gas after waste heat is absorbed enters main smoke discharging pipe 21.After heat storage 19 in the main burner 9 is heated, when this main burner 9 changes burning over to during working order, send into the combustion air of this main burner 9 and fuel, burn again, therefore can improve the flame burning temperature at first by heat storage 19 preheatings.
When each heat accumulating type flame radiaton plumber does in upper and lower body of heater, the temperature of 17 pairs of each heating zone of thermopair detects in real time in the body of heater, when a certain regional temperature of appearance was unusual, control device can in time be regulated this regional temperature by the fuel duty of adjusting this zone heat accumulating type flame radiaton pipe.When control device according to CO
2The detected result of gas sensor 12 is found the intravital CO of stove
2When gas concentration is unusual, will in time quit work, to guarantee operator's safety.
A kind of novel glass plate of the present invention process furnace also can be made vertical as required, and sheet glass is by overhead chain conveyor structure turnover process furnace, at this moment only needs heat accumulating type flame radiaton pipe is vertically set in the body of heater of sheet glass both sides to get final product.
Only be a kind of embodiment of the present invention shown in the accompanying drawing, protection scope of the present invention is not played any qualification effect, any other embodiment that design philosophy according to the present invention has been done is all within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. a novel glass plate process furnace comprises body of heater, control device, and body of heater is provided with sheet glass and imports and exports, and is provided with glass sheets mechanism in the body of heater; It is characterized in that, be divided into several heating zone in the body of heater, at least one heat accumulating type flame radiaton pipe is set in each heating zone, this heat accumulating type flame radiaton pipe is made of a pair of main burner and a radiator tube that connects two main burners, be provided with heat storage in the main burner, main burner is a fuel with diesel oil or Sweet natural gas or town gas or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG); Match with each heat accumulating type flame radiaton pipe in the body of heater, body of heater is outside equipped with corresponding delivery of main fuel pipeline, main feed pipe road and main smoke discharging pipe, be provided with control valve between each main burner and the delivery of main fuel pipeline, each heat accumulating type flame radiaton Guan Jun disposes one two position four-way valve, air port in the heat accumulating type flame radiaton pipe on the two main burners joins by associated two position four-way valves and main feed pipe road and main smoke discharging pipe, and alternate combustion, alternately accumulation of heat and alternately smoke evacuation under the switching of two position four-way valves; Control device is controlled the work of each heat accumulating type flame radiaton pipe and each two position four-way valve.
2. a kind of novel glass plate process furnace as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described body of heater is a horizontal, comprises upper furnace body, lower furnace body, and roller bed type glass sheets mechanism is installed on the lower furnace body.
3. a kind of novel glass plate process furnace as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that described control device is a programmable logic controller.
4. a kind of novel glass plate process furnace as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that described radiator tube is U-shaped or W shape or linear, is just made by heat-resisting.
5. a kind of novel glass plate process furnace as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that described heat storage is ceramic heat-storing sphere or ceramic honeycomb heat storage.
6. a kind of novel glass plate process furnace as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, also is provided with a public ratio adjusting valve between a pair of main burner in the described heat accumulating type flame radiaton pipe and the described delivery of main fuel pipeline.
7. a kind of novel glass plate process furnace as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, is respectively arranged with volume control damper between described two position four-way valves and the described main feed pipe road, and this volume control damper is with ratio adjusting valve interlock corresponding with it.
8. a kind of novel glass plate process furnace as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, be provided with an igniter burner in described each main burner, this igniter burner has and main burner independently air supply line and fuel tube mutually, its fuel tube is provided with control valve, and igniter burner is fuel with the combustion gas.
9. a kind of novel glass plate process furnace as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, is provided with an an electrical ignition element rifle and ionic or ultraviolet line style flame detection sensor on described each igniter burner.
10. a kind of novel glass plate process furnace as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, is provided with thermopair respectively in each heating zone of being divided in the described body of heater, detects with the local temperature to each heating zone.
11. a kind of novel glass plate process furnace as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, is provided with CO in the described body of heater
2Gas sensor.
12. a kind of novel glass plate process furnace as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that described main smoke discharging pipe is provided with thermopair, the total fuel tube of described each main burner is provided with under meter.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200410046056 CN1255342C (en) | 2004-06-03 | 2004-06-03 | Glass sheet heating furnaces |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200410046056 CN1255342C (en) | 2004-06-03 | 2004-06-03 | Glass sheet heating furnaces |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1583615A CN1583615A (en) | 2005-02-23 |
| CN1255342C true CN1255342C (en) | 2006-05-10 |
Family
ID=34601919
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200410046056 Expired - Lifetime CN1255342C (en) | 2004-06-03 | 2004-06-03 | Glass sheet heating furnaces |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1255342C (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101603165B (en) * | 2009-07-27 | 2010-10-06 | 常熟华冶薄板有限公司 | Pressure adjusting device for radiation pipe of heating furnace in production of hot galvanized plates |
| CN101792251B (en) * | 2010-03-17 | 2012-04-11 | 东南大学 | Radiant flame heating furnace |
| CN102287820B (en) * | 2011-06-22 | 2013-04-17 | 中冶南方(武汉)威仕工业炉有限公司 | Automatic ignition nozzle employing ultraviolet (UV) flame monitoring for W-shaped radiant tube |
| CN103657529B (en) * | 2013-03-27 | 2016-11-09 | 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 | Rotary heater |
| CN114018044B (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2023-09-01 | 天津臻泰科技有限公司 | Brand-new industrial heat treatment furnace and working method thereof |
-
2004
- 2004-06-03 CN CN 200410046056 patent/CN1255342C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1583615A (en) | 2005-02-23 |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| ASS | Succession or assignment of patent right |
Owner name: LUOYANG SHOULIER INSTITUTE OF MACHINERY AND EQUIP Free format text: FORMER OWNER: ZHAO YAN Effective date: 20080307 |
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Effective date of registration: 20080307 Address after: Science Park, Luolong District, Luoyang, Henan Patentee after: The first Luoyang Montreal Machinery Equipment Research Institute Address before: Floor 8, Guang Jian building, 12 Wangcheng Road, Henan, Luoyang Patentee before: Zhao Yan |
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Owner name: LUOYANG LANDI GLASS EQUIPMENT CO., LTD. Free format text: FORMER OWNER: LUOYANG SHOULIER INSTITUTE OF MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT Effective date: 20080509 |
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Effective date of registration: 20080509 Address after: No. 2 peony Avenue, Luolong science and Technology Park, Henan, Luoyang Patentee after: LUOYANG LANDGLASS TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Address before: Science Park, Luolong District, Luoyang, Henan Patentee before: The first Luoyang Montreal Machinery Equipment Research Institute |
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| C56 | Change in the name or address of the patentee |
Owner name: LUOYANG LAND GLASS TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. Free format text: FORMER NAME: LUOYANG LANDGLASS TECHNLOGY CO., LTD. |
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| CP01 | Change in the name or title of a patent holder |
Address after: 471000 peony Avenue 2, Luolong science and Technology Park, Henan, Luoyang Patentee after: LUOYANG LANDGLASS TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Address before: 471000 peony Avenue 2, Luolong science and Technology Park, Henan, Luoyang Patentee before: LUOYANG LANDGLASS TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. |
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Granted publication date: 20060510 |