CN1253674A - Method for encoding multiword information by word wise interleaving and wordwise error protection, which error locative clues obtained by high protectivity clue words - Google Patents
Method for encoding multiword information by word wise interleaving and wordwise error protection, which error locative clues obtained by high protectivity clue words Download PDFInfo
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- CN1253674A CN1253674A CN98804606A CN98804606A CN1253674A CN 1253674 A CN1253674 A CN 1253674A CN 98804606 A CN98804606 A CN 98804606A CN 98804606 A CN98804606 A CN 98804606A CN 1253674 A CN1253674 A CN 1253674A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- RLLPVAHGXHCWKJ-IEBWSBKVSA-N (3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl (1s,3s)-3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@H](C=C(Cl)Cl)[C@@H]1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 RLLPVAHGXHCWKJ-IEBWSBKVSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M13/00—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
- H03M13/27—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes using interleaving techniques
- H03M13/2703—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes using interleaving techniques the interleaver involving at least two directions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
- G11B20/18—Error detection or correction; Testing, e.g. of drop-outs
- G11B20/1833—Error detection or correction; Testing, e.g. of drop-outs by adding special lists or symbols to the coded information
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
- G11B20/18—Error detection or correction; Testing, e.g. of drop-outs
- G11B20/1866—Error detection or correction; Testing, e.g. of drop-outs by interleaving
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M13/00—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
- H03M13/35—Unequal or adaptive error protection, e.g. by providing a different level of protection according to significance of source information or by adapting the coding according to the change of transmission channel characteristics
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M13/00—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
- H03M13/47—Error detection, forward error correction or error protection, not provided for in groups H03M13/01 - H03M13/37
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
- G11B20/12—Formatting, e.g. arrangement of data block or words on the record carriers
- G11B2020/1264—Formatting, e.g. arrangement of data block or words on the record carriers wherein the formatting concerns a specific kind of data
- G11B2020/1265—Control data, system data or management information, i.e. data used to access or process user data
- G11B2020/1267—Address data
- G11B2020/1271—Address data the address data being stored in a subcode, e.g. in the Q channel of a CD
- G11B2020/1272—Burst indicator subcode [BIS]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
- G11B20/18—Error detection or correction; Testing, e.g. of drop-outs
- G11B20/1833—Error detection or correction; Testing, e.g. of drop-outs by adding special lists or symbols to the coded information
- G11B2020/1846—Error detection or correction; Testing, e.g. of drop-outs by adding special lists or symbols to the coded information using a picket code, i.e. a code in which a long distance code [LDC] is arranged as an array and columns containing burst indicator subcode [BIS] are multiplexed for erasure decoding
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- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Error Detection And Correction (AREA)
- Signal Processing For Digital Recording And Reproducing (AREA)
- Information Retrieval, Db Structures And Fs Structures Therefor (AREA)
- Techniques For Improving Reliability Of Storages (AREA)
Abstract
Multiword information is encoded as based on multibit symbols in relative contiguity with respect to a medium, whilst providing wordwise interleaving and wordwise error protection code facilities. This may provide error locative clues across multiword groups, that originate in high protectivity clue words and are directed to low protectivity target words. Further, the clue words may have a first uniform size and be interspersed in a first uniform manner. The target words may have a second uniform size and be interspersed in a second uniform manner. In particular, the organization may be applied for use with optical storage.
Description
Background of invention
The present invention relates to a kind of method, this method has partly been done carefully to state at the preface of claim 1.Authorize people's such as Berlekamp United States Patent (USP) 4; 559; 625; with the U.S. 5 that authorizes people such as Blaum; 299; 208 disclose the method that the staggered information word with error protection is decoded, and wherein the error pattern of setting up on first word can be given in the location of mistake clue of another word in the same group of word.This list of references has utilized standardized format and the error model that many symbol error bursts of crossing over different words are arranged.The mistake that takes place on a certain specific word has very big influence to the mistake that respective symbol position on next or following several words takes place.This program often can increase the number of error recovery.The present inventor has recognized that a problem of this principle: clue only could be realized after proofreading and correct fully when clue words.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, one of purpose of the present invention provides a kind of coded format, and clue words is wherein compared with target word and will be obtained more accurate decoding.So according to an aspect of characteristic of the present invention, its feature is described at the characteristic of claim 1.The clue of setting up can cause or point to one and wipe symbol.Utilize this sensing symbol, error correction will be carried out in more effective mode.In fact, when not knowing the location of mistake indication, many sign indicating numbers will be proofreaied and correct t mistake at the most.When provide wipe the location after, bigger wipe number e＞t and can be corrected for common one.And, also will improve the protection of the combination of burst error and random error.But alternative, wipe the location and utilize fewer purpose checking symbol, thereby can simplify calculating.In principle, the present invention can be applicable to storage environment and transmits environment.
The invention still further relates to the method that such information encoded is decoded, the equipment that utilizes described method to encode and/or decode provides the carrier of interface for the information of like this coding and/or decoding.The further advantage of the present invention will partly carefully be stated in the claim of back.
The accompanying drawing summary
With reference to disclosed preferred embodiment, particularly with reference to the accompanying drawings, the characteristic of these and other aspects of the present invention and advantage will be discussed in detail:
Fig. 1, a system that comprises encoder, carrier and decoder;
Fig. 2, a kind of yard form principle;
Fig. 3, a kind of product code form;
Fig. 4, a kind of long-range sign indicating number that contains the burst detection;
Fig. 5, a kind of picket's sign indicating number and burst indicating device subcode;
Fig. 6, a kind of burst indicating device subcode form;
Fig. 7, a kind of sign indicating number and its product code of maintaining order at a public gathering;
Fig. 8, the further characteristic of its different aspect;
Fig. 9, but a kind of form of alternative;
Figure 10, a detail in staggered.
Preferred embodiment describes in detail
Fig. 1 represents a foundation integrated system of the present invention, and it comprises an encoder, a carrier and a decoder.Present embodiment can be used to a sequence samples that obtains from audio or video signal or data or many bit symbols are encoded, stored and last decoding.Terminal equipment 20 receives a symbols streams, such as being 8 bit sizes.Separator 22 sends first symbol to encoder 24 circularly, is used for producing clue words.And separator 22 sends all other symbols to encoder 26.By related data being encoded to the code word of first many symbol error-correctings sign indicating number, in encoder 24, form clue words.This yard can be Reed Solomon code, product code, interleaved code or their combination.By being the code word of symbol error-correcting sign indicating number more than second, in encoder 26, form target word with digital coding.In this embodiment, all code words all have identical length, but this is not essential.Preferably, two sign indicating numbers all are Reed Solomon code, and first yard is a subcode of second sign indicating number.To seem clearer referring to this point behind Fig. 2, clue words has the error protection of higher degree usually, comprises nonredundancy symbol still less comparatively speaking.
In module 28, the code word of formation sends one or more outlets that specify number arbitrarily to, so that be consistent with the distribution on the media of discussing in the back.30 pairs of modules receive the media of coded data itself and have done the symbolism processing.In fact this relates to directly writing that the combination that adds media with a kind of suitable mechanism of writing done.But alternative, this media can be thought from the chief editor sign indicating number media copy that obtains of a mark for example.Preferably, storage can be serial optics and complete, but other configuration also is fine.In module 32, different words are read from media once more.The clue words of first yard is sent to decoder 34 then, decodes by their intrinsic redundancies.And this point will seem clearer in the argumentation of Fig. 2 in the back, and this decoding provides the clue about the location of mistake of other word outside these clue words.Module 35 receives these clues, and it comprises a program, utilizes one or more strategies that these clues are translated into erasure location.Target word is decoded in decoder 36.Under the control of erasure location, the error protection of target word is risen to an acceptable level.At last, all decoded words multichannel in unit 38 is decomposed into original form, outputs to outlet 40.For simplicity, the configuration of interface mechanism has been left in the basket between the different sub-systems.
Fig. 2 has described a simple relatively sign indicating number form.As shown in the figure, nominally coded message is organized as the block of one 16 row 32 row symbols, i.e. 512 symbols.Storage in media is row one row serial arrangement, from the left side, top.The shadow region comprises detected symbol, and word 0,4,8 and 12 each word have 8 detected symbol, and they form clue words.Each comprises 4 detected symbol other word, and they form target word.Whole block comprises 432 information symbols and 80 detected symbol.The latter can distribute in the mode of more disperseing in their corresponding words.Part information can be null symbol.Reed Solomon code allows to proofread and correct maximum four symbol errors in each clue words.Actual mistake has been labeled as cross.Therefore, all clue words can both be correctly decoded, as long as their mistake is no more than four.Please note that word 2 and 3 does not have only to decode on their redundant symbol basis.In Fig. 2, except 62,66,68, other all misrepresentations are error burst., have only error burst 52 and 58 to cross at least 3 continuous clue words, can think error burst, therefore all intermediate symbols will be put on one and wipe sign at least.Also have, target word before first clue words of burst error and the target word after last clue words of burst error also will be put in their position and wipe sign, and this will be decided by the strategy of back.String 54 is not thought a burst error, because it is too short.
As a result, two mistakes in the word 4 have all produced one at two relevant row and have wiped sign.This makes word 2 and 3 to be corrected, and each word all has a mismark and two to wipe symbol., random error 62,68 or go here and there 54 can not constituting word 5,6,7 clue because they only comprise single clue words.In some occasion, wipe symbol for one and can cause the zero error pattern because any one mistake in 8 bit symbols all have 1/256 may change back original correct symbol.Similarly, the long burst error on certain specific clue words also can produce correct symbol.Take the bridge joint strategy by front and follow-up clue symbol to same set of bursts, this correct symbol is integrated with set of bursts, and the wrong clue symbol translation with suitable aiming symbol is an erasure values in the same way.Described decision can make an amendment according to decoding policy, even can be controlled by other parameter.
Argumentation to a practical form
At this, we will discuss the form of a reality.A kind of product code form of Fig. 3 symbolically.Word be level with vertical, parity check is coated with shade.Contain long-range sign indicating number that particular burst detect in a kind of so-called less word of Fig. 4 symbolically in the above, above less word more parity check is arranged.The present invention proposes a kind of so-called picket's sign indicating number, and it can be constituted by the principle of Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.Always write and carry out in proper order by the direction of arrow among Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.
Practicality of the present invention is caused by the new method that digit optical is stored.A characteristic is that transport layer only has 100 microns to approach under the situation that substrate incident is read.The size of channel bit is about 0.14 micron, so a data byte of 2/3 channel speed only has 1.7 microns long.The beam diameter of upper surface approximately is 125 microns.The cartridge of CD or seal the possibility that can reduce a large amount of burst errors., can cause short mistake less than non-definite application of 50 microns.The same with other things, the present inventor has utilized a kind of error model, and mistake wherein can cause 200 microns burst error by propagation, is equivalent to 120 bytes approximately.Particularly, the present inventor has utilized a kind of error model of 120B fixed length burst, and this burst error is a random start, and the possibility of each byte is 2.6*10
-5, or burst of average every 32kB block.The present invention is subjected to the impetus of CD storage technique development, but other disposes for example multiple track tape, or other technology for example magnetic technology and magneto-optic technology also can have benefited from improving one's methods of this place description.
Fig. 5 represents a kind of picket's sign indicating number and burst indicator subcode.The sign indicating number of maintaining order at a public gathering comprises two subcode A and B.Burst indicator subcode (BIS) comprises clue words.From form, this is a staggered very dark long-range sign indicating number, and it allows the position of a plurality of burst errors in location.The error model of Jian Liing can be used to obtain the erasure information of target word like this, and target word in the present embodiment is configured to product code (PS).Wipe sign by utilizing from what burst indicator subcode obtained, the product subcode will be proofreaied and correct the combination of many burst errors and random error.
Can adopt following data format:
● the block of ' 32kB ' comprises the sector of 16 DVD-compatibilities
● each such sector comprises the data of 2064=2048+16 byte
● each sector, ECC coding back comprises 2368 bytes
● therefore, encoding rate is 0.872
● in block, 256 synchronous blocks provide by following form
● each sector comprises 16 synchronous blocks
● each synchronous block comprises the group of 4 37B
● the group of each 37B comprises the burst indicator subcode of 1B deep friendship mistake and the product subcode of 36B.
As shown in Figure 5, data line reads from CD in proper order, begins with preamble pattern.Every row comprises the BIS of 4B, dash area as shown in the figure, and put on continuous numeral, they by 36 other byte separately.16 row constitute a sector, and 256 row constitute a synchronous block.
The burst indicator subcode form of 64 the similar number bytes in every sector in the special presentation graphs 5 of Fig. 6, it be constructed as follows:
● 16 row are arranged, and every row is [64,32,33] RS sign indicating number, t=16;
● data rows order reads by the diagram direction of arrow from dish, so that four classify one group as and read from single sector and to improve addressing speed;
● BIS can indicate every 592B (～at least 16 burst errors in 1mm);
● BIS comprises every sector 32B data, and this BIS has 4 row, and the header of 16B DVD is particularly arranged, and has the 5B parity check to be used for immediate addressing at this header and reads user data with 11B.
Fig. 7 represents a kind of sign indicating number and its product subcode of maintaining order at a public gathering, and it is to construct from target word.The order that the byte of product subcode is read from CD by them is put on numeral, has wherein omitted the BIS byte.
Fig. 8 represents the further characteristic of product subcode others among this embodiment.Especially, the product subcode is a kind of [256,228,29] * [144,143, the 2] product code in the Reed Solomon code.The data word joint number is 228*143=32604, and this is 16 times that (2048+11) user octet adds 12 empty word joint numbers.
But a kind of alternative form of Fig. 9 presentation graphs 8 has omitted the Reed Solomon code of horizontal direction fully.Horizontal block size is 36 bytes (Fig. 7 1/4), has used the Reed Solomon code of one [256,224,33].There are 2368 bytes each sector and do not have null byte.
The sign indicating number of first row forms in two steps.From each sector, 16 byte of headers at first are encoded as one [20,16,5] sign indicating number so that the immediate addressing retrieval.20 bytes that produce add that 32 user octets in every sector produce data byte, and make further error correction coding.2K sectors of data symbol only can be positioned on the physical sector, and is as follows.Every row of [256,224,33] sign indicating number comprise 8 parity check symbols in every 2k sector.Further, each [256,208,49] sign indicating number has 4 parity check symbols in the sign indicating number of 12 parity check symbols in every 2k sector and [20,16,5] to obtain [256,208, a 49] sign indicating number that contains 48 redundancy bytes.
Figure 10 represents the details of interlocking.Here, ' * ' represents byte of header, the parity check of ' ' representative [20,16] sign indicating number, data byte and 12 parity bytes of 32 " in addition " in ' ● ' representative [256, the 208] sign indicating number.
Claims (22)
1. one kind is carried out Methods for Coding to multiword information, and it is based on, and many bit symbols of a certain media relative proximity carry out, and word alternation sum error protection code function is provided, so that can provide the location of mistake clue of crossing over a plurality of word groups,
The method is characterized in that such clue is to draw and point to low protection target word from height protection clue words.
2. the described method of claim 1, clue words wherein have first equal length size and distribute with first kind of same way as, and target word has second equal length size and distribute with second kind of same way as.
3. the described method of claim 1 can be applicable to the memory device of light media.
4. the described method of claim 1, clue words wherein comprise the header information of relevant sectors in the block, and this block comprises described code function, and header information is stored in the media in proper order, and they are with corresponding sector arrangement is corresponding separately.
5. the described method of claim 4, the header information of each sector also has additional error protection except that code function.
6. method that the multiword information that receives is decoded; it is based on, and many bit symbols of a certain media relative proximity carry out; and decompose and the error protection code function is decoded word is staggered, also comprise estimating the location of mistake clue of crossing over the multiword group
The method is characterized in that such clue is to draw and point to low protection target word from height protection clue words.
7. the described method of claim 6, wherein clue words has first equal length size and distributes with first kind of same way as, and target word has second equal length size and distribute with second kind of same way as.
8. the described method of claim 6 can be applicable to the memory device of light media.
9. the described method of claim 6, wherein the correction symbol in the clue words provides corresponding clue, and the continuous clue in sequential reception information can correctly produce wipes sign, is used for the intermediate symbols of target word.
10. the described method of claim 9 does not wherein change the clue words symbol to a centre of this sequence and has specified a nominal clue.
11. the described method of claim 6, wherein clue words comprises the header information of relevant sectors in the block, and this block comprises described code function, and header information is arranged to take out in turn accordingly with corresponding sector separately from media.
12. the described method of claim 11 is also born the error protection to each sector header information except that code function.
13. equipment that multiword information is encoded; it is based on, and many bit symbols of a certain media relative proximity carry out; the alternating device that can provide word staggered is provided; the code device of character error protected code function is provided; with the appointment device that produces the location of mistake clue of crossing over the multiword group, the clue of wherein assigning device to provide is to draw and point to low protection target word from height protection clue words.
14. the described equipment of claim 13, alternating device wherein is set as a kind of staggered situation, make clue words have first equal length size and distribute, and target word has second equal length size and distribute with second kind of same way as with first kind of same way as.
15. equipment that the multiword information that receives is decoded; it is based on, and many bit symbols of a certain media relative proximity carry out; have the staggered branch de-interlacer of doing decomposition of word; the error protection code function is made the decoding device of decoding; and the estimating device of the location of mistake clue of crossing over the multiword group being done estimation
This equipment is characterised in that it is to draw and point to low protection target word from height protection clue words that estimating device wherein is set as clue.
16. the described equipment of claim 15, it is based on clue words has first equal length size and distributes with first kind of same way as, and target word has second equal length size and distribute with second kind of same way as.
17. a physical support of realizing method described in the claim 1 comprises one group of clue words and target word, clue words is wherein compared with target word can obtain higher error protection.
18. the described carrier of claim 17, clue words wherein have first equal length size and distribute with first kind of same way as, and target word has second equal length size and distribute with second kind of same way as.
19. claim 17 described carrier, it is based on optical storage apparatus.
20. the described carrier of claim 17 is planned to be applied to substrate incident and is read.
21. the described carrier of claim 17, wherein clue words comprises the header information of relevant sectors in the block, and this block comprises described code function, and header information arranges to be stored in the media in proper order accordingly with corresponding sector.
22. the described carrier of claim 21, the header information of each sector also has error protection except that code function
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97204130 | 1997-12-29 | ||
| EP97204130.5 | 1997-12-29 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1253674A true CN1253674A (en) | 2000-05-17 |
| CN1126271C CN1126271C (en) | 2003-10-29 |
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| CN98804606A Expired - Lifetime CN1126271C (en) | 1997-12-29 | 1998-12-21 | Method for encoding multiword information by word wise interleaving and wordwise error protection, which error locative clues obtained by high protectivity clue words |
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|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0965173A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2001515641A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100583360B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1126271C (en) |
| AR (1) | AR014200A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU766901B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9807633B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2282305C (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ301101B6 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU223894B1 (en) |
| ID (1) | ID24253A (en) |
| IL (1) | IL131627A (en) |
| MY (1) | MY126409A (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2224358C2 (en) |
| TR (1) | TR199902089T1 (en) |
| TW (1) | TW425773B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1999034271A2 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA9811897B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100461636C (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2009-02-11 | 联发科技股份有限公司 | Method and apparatus for decoding multiword information |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2000007300A1 (en) * | 1998-07-27 | 2000-02-10 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Encoding multiword information by wordwise interleaving |
| AU2003208556A1 (en) * | 2002-04-05 | 2003-10-20 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Method and apparatus for embedding an additional layer of error correction into an error correcting code |
| KR20040021039A (en) * | 2002-09-02 | 2004-03-10 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Method for correcting an error recorded on high density optical disc |
| JP2005293724A (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2005-10-20 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Detection method for error point, error detection circuit using its method, error correction circuit, and reproducing device |
| DE102007043083A1 (en) * | 2007-09-10 | 2009-03-12 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Method and device for coding data words |
| KR20230063027A (en) | 2021-11-01 | 2023-05-09 | 주식회사 오라 | Method of manufacturing electrical heater coating solution by using carbon nanotube and graphite nanofiber advanced complex applied blending technique and electrical heater coating solution of the same |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0767088B2 (en) * | 1983-02-18 | 1995-07-19 | ソニー株式会社 | Error correction coding method |
| US4559625A (en) * | 1983-07-28 | 1985-12-17 | Cyclotomics, Inc. | Interleavers for digital communications |
| US5299208A (en) * | 1991-11-14 | 1994-03-29 | International Business Machines Corporation | Enhanced decoding of interleaved error correcting codes |
| EP0571019B1 (en) * | 1992-05-19 | 2000-01-26 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Extended error protected communication system |
| DE69317867T2 (en) * | 1992-12-14 | 1998-10-22 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | Method and device for realizing a quasi product code with different error protection levels |
| US5546420A (en) * | 1994-04-29 | 1996-08-13 | At&T Corp. | Methods of and devices for enhancing communications that use spread spectrum technology by using variable code techniques |
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1998
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- 1998-12-21 IL IL13162798A patent/IL131627A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 1998-12-21 RU RU99120705/09A patent/RU2224358C2/en active
- 1998-12-21 AU AU15011/99A patent/AU766901B2/en not_active Expired
- 1998-12-21 CZ CZ0305599A patent/CZ301101B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-12-21 EP EP98959092A patent/EP0965173A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-12-21 KR KR1019997007934A patent/KR100583360B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-12-21 BR BRPI9807633-7A patent/BR9807633B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-12-21 JP JP53470499A patent/JP2001515641A/en active Pending
- 1998-12-28 ZA ZA9811897A patent/ZA9811897B/en unknown
- 1998-12-28 MY MYPI98005903A patent/MY126409A/en unknown
- 1998-12-29 AR ARP980106706A patent/AR014200A1/en active IP Right Grant
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1999
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100461636C (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2009-02-11 | 联发科技股份有限公司 | Method and apparatus for decoding multiword information |
| US8069398B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2011-11-29 | Mediatek Inc. | Method for decoding multiword information |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20000075856A (en) | 2000-12-26 |
| AU1501199A (en) | 1999-07-19 |
| IL131627A (en) | 2005-08-31 |
| HUP0100551A2 (en) | 2001-06-28 |
| HUP0100551A3 (en) | 2002-01-28 |
| AR014200A1 (en) | 2001-02-07 |
| CN1126271C (en) | 2003-10-29 |
| EP0965173A1 (en) | 1999-12-22 |
| MY126409A (en) | 2006-09-29 |
| HU223894B1 (en) | 2005-03-29 |
| ID24253A (en) | 2000-07-13 |
| TR199902089T1 (en) | 2000-04-21 |
| KR100583360B1 (en) | 2006-05-25 |
| CA2282305C (en) | 2007-10-16 |
| JP2001515641A (en) | 2001-09-18 |
| BR9807633B1 (en) | 2011-06-28 |
| WO1999034271A2 (en) | 1999-07-08 |
| BR9807633A (en) | 2000-06-06 |
| ZA9811897B (en) | 2000-06-28 |
| AU766901B2 (en) | 2003-10-23 |
| WO1999034271A3 (en) | 1999-09-16 |
| RU2224358C2 (en) | 2004-02-20 |
| TW425773B (en) | 2001-03-11 |
| CZ301101B6 (en) | 2009-11-04 |
| CZ305599A3 (en) | 2000-02-16 |
| IL131627A0 (en) | 2001-01-28 |
| CA2282305A1 (en) | 1999-07-08 |
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Assignee: Dongguan Daxin Technology Co., Ltd. Assignor: Holland Royal PHILPS electronics Limited by Share Ltd Contract fulfillment period: From April 1, 2004 to April 1, 2014 Contract record no.: 051000030030 Denomination of invention: High protection error locating cues point to the target data word for multiple word information encoding Granted publication date: 20031029 License type: General permission Record date: 20050221 |
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