CN1252163C - Lithium hydrate and carbamide composition solvent for dissolving cellulous fiber and its use - Google Patents
Lithium hydrate and carbamide composition solvent for dissolving cellulous fiber and its use Download PDFInfo
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- CN1252163C CN1252163C CN 200310111567 CN200310111567A CN1252163C CN 1252163 C CN1252163 C CN 1252163C CN 200310111567 CN200310111567 CN 200310111567 CN 200310111567 A CN200310111567 A CN 200310111567A CN 1252163 C CN1252163 C CN 1252163C
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- cellulose
- urea
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- solvent
- lithium hydroxide
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D1/00—Treatment of filament-forming or like material
- D01D1/02—Preparation of spinning solutions
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
Abstract
The present invention discloses a new solvent for dissolving cellulose with a freezing-unfreezing method or a direct dissolving method and a method for preparing regenerated cellulose fibers and a regenerated cellulose membrane from the solvent which is a water solution of lithium hydroxide and urea. The solvent comprises the following basic composition: 3.0 to 7.0 wt% of lithium hydroxide, 4.0 to 30.0 wt% of urea, and water as the rest. The water solution of the lithium hydroxide and the urea can directly dissolve the cellulose with the freezing-unfreezing method or dissolve the cellulose after the solvent is precooled to-10DEG C to-4DEG C. The solvent can dissolve the natural cellulose with the polymerization degree as high as 2300 (molecular weight of 3.7*10<5>) and the regenerated cellulose and can obtain a high solubility transparent cellulose concentrated solution. The cellulose concentrated solution obtained by dissolving the cellulose with the solvent is solidified with 3 to 5 wt% of a water solution of diluted acid and regenerated to obtain the regenerated cellulose membrane and the regenerated cellulose fibers. The cellulose solution can also be used for preparing a cellulose blending membrane, a nanophase material, a chromatographic column filling material for separation, etc.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of lithium hydroxide and urea mixed aqueous solution used as cellulosic novel solvent, and, belong to the natural polymer field, also belong to chemistry, agricultural, field of environment engineering with the novel method of its dissolving cellulos with preparation regenerated cellulose fiber and film.
Background technology
Plant cellulose is the abundantest renewable resources of the earth, belongs to the environmental friendliness macromolecular material, and is expected one of main industrial chemicals that becomes 21 century.Yet Mierocrystalline cellulose is far from reaching and makes full use of in chemical industry at present, and is main because the cellulose dissolution process is numerous and diverse in the existing technology, cost is high and pollution is arranged.Present regenerated cellulose product more than 90% still adopts traditional viscose process production, and Mierocrystalline cellulose is (naoh concentration 18%) and CS under the highly basic effect
2Reaction generates cellulose xanthate, and it is dissolved in alkaline solution and becomes viscose.The Mierocrystalline cellulose viscose is regenerated in dilute acid soln after spray silk or curtain coating, makes viscose yarn or glassine paper.This method discharges a large amount of poisonous CS in process of production
2And H
2S gas not only damages HUMAN HEALTH, and serious environment pollution (J.Macromol.Sci.-Rev.Macromol.Chem., 1980, C18 (1), 1).Producing the cuprammonium regenerated fiber with cuprammonium process also exists environmental pollution and solution to reclaim problem.Other organic or inorganic solvents, for example: methyl-sulphoxide-oxynitride (U.S.patent 3236669,1966), NH
3/ NH
4The SCN aqueous solution (J.Polym.Sci.Polym.Chem.Ed., 1980,18,3469), Ca (SCN)
2/ NaSCN the aqueous solution (Polymer J., 1998,30,43; 30,49), ZnCl
2The aqueous solution (U.S.Patent 5290349,1994), trichoro-aldehyde-methyl-sulphoxide-pyridine mixed solution (Polym.J1980,12,521), LiCl/DMAc (U.S.Patent 4302252,1981) is difficult to industrialization for various reasons.In recent years novel solvent N-methyl morpholine oxide (MMNO) (J.Polym.Sci.:Polym.Lett.Ed.1979,17,219) occurs, and be acknowledged as the most promising cellosolve.1978, German Akzo Nobel company at first obtained its cellulosic fibre solvent-spinning method patent, and obtained the production technique patent in 1980.The international artificial silk in Brussels in 1989 and the synthon Bureau of Standards (BISFA) are the category name of the cellulosic fibre of being made by these class methods " Lyocell ".After this, the plain silk of the small amount of fibers product with its preparation comes into the market in the world, but owing to it costs an arm and a leg, spinning temperature is higher, the suitability for industrialized production slower development.In addition, reported that Mierocrystalline cellulose and urea at high temperature react the generation cellulose carbamate, directly be dissolved in then and obtain spinning solution (Finnish Patent 61003 in the sig water; Finnish Patent 62318; U.S.Patent4404369), but the amount of urea height, and also have by product, be difficult to industrialization.People such as Kamide have reported that Mierocrystalline cellulose is at 2.5molL
-1Dissolving in the NaOH aqueous solution, but this solvent must use the wood pulp cellulose of handling through steam explosion (polymerization degree is lower than 250), and it is dissolvable in water (Japan Patent 1777283,1983 in the NaOH aqueous solution when 4 ℃ of left and right sides; U.S.Patent 4634470; Polymer J., 1984,12,857; Polymer J., 1988,20,447), obtained cellulose silk intensity is extremely low.We have used the 6wt%NaOH/4wt% aqueous solution of urea as Mierocrystalline cellulose novel solvent (ZL 00114486.3), and successfully prepare the regenerated cellulose film (ZL 00114485.5) of good strength.But this solvent system must mix with Mierocrystalline cellulose and freezing 3-5 hour ability dissolving cellulos prepares transparent Mierocrystalline cellulose strong solution, therefore is difficult to industrialization.In addition, we at room temperature directly dissolve molecular weight and are lower than 10.1 * 10 with the sodium hydroxide of 5-12wt% and the urea mixed aqueous solution of 8-20wt% after cooling
4Natural cellulose and molecular weight be lower than 12 * 10
4Regenerated cellulose (application number: 03128386.1), this method is easy to industrialization.Yet this system deficiency is to dissolve more high-molecular weight Mierocrystalline cellulose fully, can not obtain high-molecular weight Mierocrystalline cellulose strong solution.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide novel solvent and purposes that a kind of solubilized high molecular weight fibers element is fit to industrialization process again.
Used Mierocrystalline cellulose comprises various natural celluloses and regenerated cellulose.The concentration range of lithium hydroxide is 3.0-7.0wt%.Urea helps improving the stability of cellulosic dissolving and solution, and its content is in the 4.0-30.0wt% scope.Cellulose concentration is 2.0wt%～10.0wt%.Cellulosic dissolving can also can utilize in advance the refrigerative solvent at-10 ℃～-4 ℃ direct dissolving cellulos of following continuously stirring through freeze-thaw, and can dissolve fully at 5-30 minute.Therefore the present invention is different with in the past technology, and marked improvement is arranged.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of lithium hydroxide of dissolving cellulos and urea composition solvent, it consists of: the lithium hydroxide of 3.0～7.0wt%, the urea of 4.0～30.0wt%, all the other are water.
A kind of novel method of dissolving cellulos: natural cellulose or regenerated cellulose are scattered in the mixed aqueous solution of 3.0～7.0wt% lithium hydroxide and 4.0～30.0wt% urea,-25 ℃～-15 ℃ freezing 3～5 hours, and the back that at room temperature thaws forms transparent Mierocrystalline cellulose strong solution; Perhaps, mixed aqueous solution with 3.0～7.0wt% lithium hydroxide and 4.0～30.0wt% urea is cooled to-10 ℃～-4 ℃ in advance, then natural cellulose or regenerated cellulose are added in the cold solvent, and-8 ℃～0 ℃ abundant down the stirring 5～30 minutes, Mierocrystalline cellulose is dissolved into transparent Mierocrystalline cellulose strong solution rapidly.
The cellulose solution of the present invention's preparation mixed aqueous solution with 3～5wt% dilute acid solution or 3-5wt% diluted acid and 5-10wt% sodium sulfate behind casting film or spray silk solidifies, regenerates, can prepare various regenerated cellulose products, for example regenerated cellulose fiber, film, cellulose intermingling material and nano material, chromatographic column protruded packing, medical biomimetic material etc.Especially, lithium hydroxide of the present invention and aqueous solution of urea solubilized high-molecular weight natural cellulose and regenerated cellulose have high intensity and purposes widely thus.
Compared with the prior art, innovation of the present invention is as follows:
The high molecular of invention solubilized first (M
ηBe 3.7 * 10
5) cellulosic lithium hydroxide and aqueous solution of urea solvent compositions and preparation method thereof.This novel solvent can be by freeze-thaw method or direct method dissolving natural cellulose (cotton linter pulp, straw fiber slurry, bagasse pulp, soft wood pulp, hard wood pulp etc.) and regenerated cellulose (cellulosic nonwoven fabric, glassine paper, viscose yarn etc.), and obtains solubleness and reach 100% transparency cellulose strong solution.This method has been compared essence with viscose process different, and the molecular weight with cellulosic material is higher, raw material consumption is few, inexpensive, with short production cycle, the simple advantage of technical process.The present invention is raw material with the natural cellulose, and whole process does not have chemical reaction, has reduced technologies such as alkalization, experienced, sulfonated and maturation than traditional viscose fiber technology.In addition, used urea is nontoxic and recyclable to be recycled, free from environmental pollution, therefore is a kind of green, suitable industrialized production process.With patent application before us (application number: 03128386.1) compare, the invention solves the high molecular weight fibers element and be difficult to the dissolved problem, remarkable technical progress and application prospect are widely therefore arranged.
The present invention is with low price and free of contamination lithium hydroxide and urea [(CO (NH
2)
2)] be the aqueous solution of feedstock production as solvent, the dissolving molecular weight is lower than 3.7 * 10
5Mierocrystalline cellulose.The Mierocrystalline cellulose strong solution that makes thus has the formability of good fiber spinnability and film, can be used for spinning or system film.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment technical scheme of the present invention is described further:
The solvent of the dissolving cellulos among the following embodiment is pressed the method preparation: after lithium hydroxide and urea mixing, add water and obtain required ratio of components as cellosolve; Perhaps earlier lithium hydroxide is made into the aqueous solution, adds urea then and obtain required ratio of components; Also lithium hydroxide and urea can be made into the aqueous solution respectively, mix obtaining required solvent then.The lithium hydroxide of consisting of of the solvent of dissolving cellulos: 3.0～7.0wt%, the urea of 4.0～30.0wt%, all the other are water.
Embodiment 1
200 gram 3.0wt%LiOH/30.0wt% urea mixed aqueous solutions, adding 20.0 gram regenerated celluloses (short rayon fiber, the polymerization degree 300) stirrings are placed on refrigerator and cooled and froze 3～5 hours.Treating freezing fully is at room temperature to thaw behind the solid again, obtains transparent cellulose solution after the stirring.At 10,000 rev/mins, 15 ℃ made it the degassing down in centrifugal 30 minutes, obtained transparent cellulose solution (being numbered SI-C3) with ultracentrifuge, the no micelle precipitation in concentrator bowl bottom.
Embodiment 2
200 gram 7.0wt%LiOH/4.0wt% urea mixed aqueous solutions, adding 8.4 gram wood pulp celluloses (polymerization degree 460) stirrings are placed on refrigerator and cooled and froze 3～5 hours.Treating freezing fully is at room temperature to thaw behind the solid again, obtains transparent cellulose solution after the stirring.At 10,000 rev/mins, 15 ℃ made it the degassing down in centrifugal 30 minutes, obtained transparent cellulose solution (being numbered SI-C4) with ultracentrifuge, the no micelle precipitation in concentrator bowl bottom.
Embodiment 3
200 gram 5.0wt%LiOH/10.0wt% urea mixed aqueous solutions, adding 12.8 gram cotton linter pulps (polymerization degree 500) stirrings are placed on refrigerator and cooled and froze 3～5 hours.Treating freezing fully is at room temperature to thaw behind the solid again, obtains transparent cellulose solution after the stirring.At 10,000 rev/mins, 15 ℃ made it the degassing down in centrifugal 30 minutes, obtained transparent cellulose solution (being numbered SI-C5) with ultracentrifuge, the no micelle precipitation in concentrator bowl bottom.
Embodiment 4
200 gram 5.0wt%LiOH/10.0wt% urea mixed aqueous solutions, adding 8.4 gram cotton linter pulps (polymerization degree 800) stirrings are placed on refrigerator and cooled and froze 3～5 hours.Treating freezing fully is at room temperature to thaw behind the solid again, obtains transparent cellulose solution after the stirring.At 10,000 rev/mins, 15 ℃ made it the degassing down in centrifugal 30 minutes, obtained transparent cellulose solution (being numbered SI-C8) with ultracentrifuge, the no micelle precipitation in concentrator bowl bottom.
Embodiment 5
200 gram 5.0wt%LiOH/10.0wt% urea mixed aqueous solutions, adding 4.5 gram absorbent cotton (polymerization degree 2300) stirrings are placed on refrigerator and cooled and froze 3～5 hours.Treating freezing fully is at room temperature to thaw behind the solid again, obtains transparent cellulose solution after the stirring.At 10,000 rev/mins, 15 ℃ made it the degassing down in centrifugal 30 minutes, obtained transparent cellulose solution (being numbered SI-C12) with ultracentrifuge, and the concentrator bowl bottom does not almost have the micelle precipitation.
Embodiment 6
200 gram 5.0wt%LiOH/10.0wt% urea mixed aqueous solutions are cooled to-10 ℃, under-8 ℃～O ℃, add immediately then 12.8 gram cotton linter pulps (polymerization degree 500) fast stirring and dissolving obtain transparent cellulose solution.At 10,000 rev/mins, 15 ℃ made it the degassing down in centrifugal 30 minutes, obtained transparent cellulose solution (being numbered SII-C5) with ultracentrifuge, the no micelle precipitation in concentrator bowl bottom.
Embodiment 7
Adopt the Mierocrystalline cellulose strong solution of embodiment 2-5, the glass-tube knifing on sheet glass with there is copper wire (diameter 0.5mm) in two ends system solidified, regenerates in the 5wt% aqueous sulfuric acid 2～5 minutes then.Take out the back water and rinse well, be attached on the poly (methyl methacrylate) plate and dry naturally, obtain regenerated cellulose film.The numbering of these films is followed successively by RCI-4, RCI-5, RCI-8, RCI-12 corresponding to cellulose solution.Record the tensile strength (σ of regenerated cellulose film under dry state and hygrometric state by electronic tension tester
b), elongation at break (ε
b) and Young's modulus (E ') come together in subordinate list 1.
Embodiment 8
Adopt the Mierocrystalline cellulose strong solution of embodiment 6 preparations, system has the glass-tube of copper wire (diameter 0.5mm) to put into 5wt% aqueous sulfuric acid (also available 5wt% aqueous hydrochloric acid immediately behind knifing on the sheet glass with two ends, or 1-2mol/L aqueous acetic acid, or 3wt% sulfuric acid/10wt% aqueous sodium persulfate solution) take out after solidifying, regenerate 2～5 minutes in, water is rinsed well.Be attached at last to dry naturally on the poly (methyl methacrylate) plate and obtain regenerated cellulose film.Be followed successively by RCS II-6S, RCS II-6Cl, RCS II-6HA and RCS II-6Na with 5wt% aqueous sulfuric acid, 5wt% aqueous hydrochloric acid, 2mol/L aqueous acetic acid and 3wt% sulfuric acid/1Owt% aqueous sodium persulfate solution as the numbering of peptizer gained film.Record the tensile strength (σ of regenerated cellulose film under dry state and hygrometric state by electronic tension tester
b), elongation at break (ε
b) and Young's modulus (E ') come together in subordinate list 1.
Embodiment 9
Adopt the cellulose solution of embodiment 6 preparations, enter by syringe needle (diameter 0.3mm) spray silk and under differing temps (14 ℃, 24 ℃, 34 ℃), to solidify regeneration in 3wt% sulfuric acid/10wt% aqueous sodium persulfate solution and obtain cellulose silk, water is rinsed the back well and is dried naturally, and numbering is followed successively by RCS II-F14, RCS II-F24, RCS II-F34.Record the breaking tenacity (σ of regenerated cellulose fiber under dry state by electronic tension tester
b), elongation at break (ε
b) come together in subordinate list 2.
Tensile strength (the σ of subordinate list 1. regenerated cellulose films
b), elongation at break (ε
b) and the experimental result of Young's modulus (E ')
| The film numbering | σ b(MPa) | ε b(％) | E’(MPa) | |||
| Dry state | Hygrometric state | Dry state | Hygrometric state | Dry state | Hygrometric state | |
| RCI-4 | 82.6 | 1.6 | 9.0 | 80.3 | 3402 | 1.9 |
| RCI-5 | 115.6 | 2.5 | 9.2 | 90.7 | 4552 | 2.3 |
| RCI-8 | 108.2 | 2.1 | 11.2 | 85.6 | 4012 | 2.1 |
| RCI-12 | 96.3 | 2.3 | 8.4 | 79.3 | 4236 | 2.0 |
| RCSII-6S | 119.8 | 2.5 | 12.7 | 97.4 | 4619 | 2.6 |
| RCSII-6Cl | 112.4 | 2.9 | 10.9 | 105.7 | 4119 | 2.4 |
| RCSII-6HA | 105.6 | 2.6 | 13.5 | 120.6 | 4786 | 2.7 |
| RCSII-6Na | 122.0 | 3.0 | 12.2 | 113.4 | 4828 | 3.0 |
Breaking tenacity (σ under the subordinate list 2. regenerated cellulose fiber dry states
b), elongation at break (ε
b) experimental result
| The silk numbering | σ b(cN/tex) | ε b(％) |
| RCSII-F14 | 10.2 | 30.3 |
| RCSII-F24 | 10.5 | 20.0 |
| RCSII-F34 | 9.5 | 20.9 |
Claims (6)
1. the lithium hydroxide of a dissolving cellulos and urea composition solvent, it is characterized in that: this solvent composition is lithium hydroxide and urea mixed aqueous solution, wherein the content of lithium hydroxide is 3.0～7.0wt%, and content of urea is 4.0～30.0wt%, and all the other are water.
2. one kind is utilized the cellulosic method of the described dissolution with solvents of claim 1, it is characterized in that: natural cellulose or regenerated cellulose are scattered in the mixed aqueous solution of 3.0～7.0wt% lithium hydroxide and 4.0～30.0wt% urea, freezing 3～5 hours at-25 ℃～-15 ℃, and the transparent Mierocrystalline cellulose strong solution of back formation of at room temperature thawing, wherein content of cellulose is 2-10wt%.
3. one kind is utilized the cellulosic method of the described dissolution with solvents of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the mixed aqueous solution with 3.0～7.0wt% lithium hydroxide and 4.0～30.0wt% urea cools off down in-10 ℃～-4 ℃ in advance, then natural cellulose or regenerated cellulose are dispersed in wherein, and abundant the stirring obtained transparent Mierocrystalline cellulose strong solution in 5～30 minutes under-8 ℃～0 ℃, and wherein content of cellulose is 2-10wt%.
One kind utilize the described solvent of claim 1 prepare regenerated cellulose film or the silk method, it is characterized in that: natural cellulose or regenerated cellulose are dissolved in the mixed aqueous solution of 3.0～7.0wt% lithium hydroxide and 4.0～30.0wt% urea, obtain transparent Mierocrystalline cellulose strong solution, again this cellulose solution is passed through filtration and degassing back casting film-forming or spray silk, solidify regeneration then in solidification liquid, cleaning also, drying makes regenerated cellulose film or silk.
5. according to the described method of claim 4, it is characterized in that: described solidification liquid is the 3-5wt% dilute acid solution, or the mixed aqueous solution of 3-5wt% diluted acid and 5-10wt% sodium sulfate.
6. the described solvent of claim 1 is at dissolving cellulos and carry out application in spinning or the film forming.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200310111567 CN1252163C (en) | 2003-12-12 | 2003-12-12 | Lithium hydrate and carbamide composition solvent for dissolving cellulous fiber and its use |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200310111567 CN1252163C (en) | 2003-12-12 | 2003-12-12 | Lithium hydrate and carbamide composition solvent for dissolving cellulous fiber and its use |
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|---|---|
| CN1546556A CN1546556A (en) | 2004-11-17 |
| CN1252163C true CN1252163C (en) | 2006-04-19 |
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