CN1235962C - Solvent for solving cellulose and its application - Google Patents
Solvent for solving cellulose and its application Download PDFInfo
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- CN1235962C CN1235962C CN 200310111447 CN200310111447A CN1235962C CN 1235962 C CN1235962 C CN 1235962C CN 200310111447 CN200310111447 CN 200310111447 CN 200310111447 A CN200310111447 A CN 200310111447A CN 1235962 C CN1235962 C CN 1235962C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a solvent for quickly and directly dissolving cellulose, which is prepared from a water solution of sodium hydroxide and thiourea. In the solvent, the sodium hydroxide accounts for 8.1 to 12.0% of the total weight of the water solution, and the thiourea accounts for 3.0 to 6.0% of the total weight of the water solution. The present invention also provides a method for directly and quickly dissolving cellulose, which comprises: natural cellulose or regenerated cellulose is dispersed in the solvent and stirred to obtain a transparent cellulose concentrated solution. After the cellulose solution is filtered, degassed and formed into a membrane in a flow casting mode or spun into fibers, the membrane or the fibers are solidified and regenerated in solidifying liquid, cleaned and dried, and a regenerated cellulose membrane or regenerated cellulose fibers can be obtained. Due to the adoption of the solvent for direct dissolution under broad conditions, the present invention can be realized by utilizing the prior art and the existing equipment for producing viscose yarn through simple and easy reformation, and waste liquid can be used for the production of chemical manure. The present invention is hopeful to replace an industrial viscose method and an industrial cuprammonium method, and consequently, the present invention has broad application prospects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sodium hydroxide and thiocarbamide mixed aqueous solution used as cellulosic solvent, and, belong to the natural polymer field, also belong to chemistry, agricultural, field of environment engineering with the novel method of its dissolving cellulos with preparation regenerated cellulose fibre and film.
Background technology
Plant cellulose is a renewable resources the abundantest on the earth, belongs to environment-friendly material, makes full use of Mierocrystalline cellulose and not only can protect environment, and can save limited petroleum resources.Because Mierocrystalline cellulose has very strong intramolecularly and intermolecular hydrogen bonding, thus indissoluble separate can not fusion, thereby limited its widespread use greatly.The traditional technology of producing regenerated cellulose fiber and film still is a viscose process technology, and its principle is Mierocrystalline cellulose (NaOH concentration 18wt%) and CS under the highly basic effect
2Reaction generates cellulose xanthate and is dissolved in dilute alkaline soln, then regeneration preparation viscose fiber or glassine paper (cellophane) in dilute acid soln.Use a large amount of CS in its production process
2And release H
2S, SO
2And serious environment pollution.(J.Macromol.Sci.-Rev.Macromol.Chem.，1980，C18(1)，1)。Cuprammonium process once was used to produce the cuprammonium regenerated fiber, but also existed environmental pollution and solution to reclaim problem.Recent two decades comes, and various organic or inorganic novel solvents have been obtained bigger progress, methyl-sulphoxide (DMF)-oxynitride (U.S.pattent 3236669,1966) are wherein arranged, NH
3/ NH
3The SCN aqueous solution (J.Polym.Sci.Polym.Chem.Ed.1980,18,3469), Ca (SCN)
2With the NaSCN aqueous solution (Polymer J.1998,30,43; 30,49), ZnCl
2(U.S.Patent 5290349 for the aqueous solution, 1994), trichoro-aldehyde-methyl-sulphoxide (DMF)-pyridine mixed solution (Polym.J1980,12,521), LiCl/DMAc (U.S.Patent 4302252,1981), NaOH/ urea production cellulose carbamate dissolving spinning technology, N-methyl-N-morpholine oxide (NMMO) (J.Polym.Sci.:Polym.Lett.Ed.1979,17,219) and the NaOH aqueous solution (Japan Patent 1777283,1983; Polym.J 1984,12, and 857) etc.N-methyl-N-morpholine oxide is the strongest up to now cellosolve, and the plain product of small amount of fibers (Lyocell) for preparing with its comes into the market.But owing to it costs an arm and a leg, spinning temperature is higher, the suitability for industrialized production slower development.The NaOH aqueous solution is the most cheap solvent of dissolving cellulos, when natural cellulosic hydrogen bond is corrupted to a certain degree, may be dissolved in during 4 ℃ of left and right sides in the NaOH aqueous solution of 7-9wt%.But after this solvent only can dissolve and handle through steam explosion, and the polymerization degree is lower than 250 wood pulp cellulose, can not dissolve cotton linter pulp.And obtained fiber yarn intensity is lower, is not suitable for industrialization spinning or system film.We have used the 6%NaOH/5% thiourea solution as the Mierocrystalline cellulose novel solvent, and dissolving cellulos is also successfully prepared the regenerated cellulose film (Chinese patent: ZL00128162.3, J.Polym.Sci.Polym.Phys.2002,40,1521) of good strength.But under freezing conditions 3-5 hour ability dissolving cellulos of this solvent system prepares transparent Mierocrystalline cellulose strong solution, therefore is difficult to realize industrialization.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of novel solvent of fast direct dissolving cellulos and prepare the novel method of cellulose solution with its.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of solvent of dissolving cellulos, the aqueous solution by sodium hydroxide and thiocarbamide is formed, it is characterized in that: sodium hydroxide accounts for 8.1～12.0wt% of aqueous solution gross weight in this solvent, and the concentration that thiocarbamide accounts for aqueous solution gross weight is to equaling 6.0wt% greater than 4.0wt%.
Above-mentioned solvent can be prepared by laxative remedy: after sodium hydroxide and thiocarbamide mixing, add water and obtain required solvent; Perhaps earlier sodium hydroxide is made into the aqueous solution, adds thiocarbamide then and obtain required solvent; Also sodium hydroxide and thiocarbamide can be made into the aqueous solution respectively, mix obtaining required solvent then.Be stored in below 20 ℃ standby.
A kind of method of utilizing the directly quick dissolving cellulos of above-mentioned solvent, natural cellulose or regenerated cellulose be scattered in 8.1～12.0wt% sodium hydroxide of-10 ℃～5 ℃ and greater than 4.0wt% to the mixed aqueous solution that equals the 6.0wt% thiocarbamide, natural cellulose or regenerated cellulose dissolve rapidly in abundant 10～15 minutes time of stirring and form transparent Mierocrystalline cellulose strong solution, and wherein content of cellulose is 2-10wt%.
The present invention also provides a kind of method of utilizing above-mentioned solvent to prepare regenerated cellulose film or fiber, natural cellulose or regenerated cellulose be dissolved in 8.1～12.0wt% sodium hydroxide and make the transparency cellulose strong solution of cellulose 2-10wt% greater than 4.0wt% to the mixed aqueous solution that equals the 6.0wt% thiocarbamide, again this cellulose solution process is filtered, outgased, after casting film-forming or the spinning, film or fiber are solidified regeneration at solidification liquid, and cleaning also, drying makes regenerated cellulose film or fiber.
Above-mentioned solidification liquid is the 3-10wt% dilute acid solution, or the 5-15wt% ammonium salt aqueous solution, or contains the aqueous solution of 3-10wt% diluted acid and 5-15wt% sodium sulfate.
Compare with technology in the past, the present invention has marked improvement, sodium hydroxide/thiourea solution wherein can be about-10 ℃～5 ℃ dissolving cellulos fast, be fit to the various cellulosic fibres of suitability for industrialized production, film, non-woven fabrics and chromatographic column protruded packing.Main innovation of the present invention is as follows:
Sodium hydroxide that the present invention is used and thiocarbamide mixed aqueous solution concentration are respectively 8.1-12.0% and greater than 4.0% to equaling 6.0% (weight ratio), wherein the dipping concentration (15-18%) of NaOH concentration ratio viscose process is low.And, steam wood pulp cellulose and regenerated cellulose (as non-woven fabrics, glassine paper, short rayon fiber etc.) after quick-fried for various natural celluloses (as cotton linter pulp, wood pulp cellulose etc.), can directly dissolve and have bigger solubleness fast; Especially for cotton linter pulp (I fiber type element, the M of high-crystallinity
η＜10.2 * 10
4), needn't just directly dissolve through the refrigerating process that transfers solid phase by liquid phase to, its reason mainly is can destroy effectively between poly-polysaccharide molecule because of the synergistic effect of improving NaOH consumption and thiocarbamide to quicken its dissolving with intramolecular hydrogen bond.
Present method is with low price and free of contamination sodium hydroxide and thiocarbamide [(CS (NH
2)
2)] be solvent, by 10 to 15 minutes quick dissolving cellulos under-10 ℃～5 ℃ conditions.Obtain transparent Mierocrystalline cellulose strong solution thus, kept the formability of good fiber spinnability and film, can be used for spinning or system film; With derivatize dissolution process such as viscose process and cellulose carbamate methods in essence different are arranged, the present invention is raw material with the natural cellulose, whole process does not have chemical reaction and takes place, and has reduced technologies such as alkalization, experienced, the former acidifying of sulphur and maturation than traditional viscose fiber technology; Raw material consumption is few, with short production cycle simultaneously, and technical process is simple.Its characteristics do not need to be, and are with short production cycle, and technical process is short, is beneficial to suitability for industrialized production.
Because adopt solvent directly to dissolve, condition is wide in range, the technology and the equipment that can utilize existing viscose yarn to produce are realized through simple reformation, and waste liquid can be used for chemical fertilizers production.Be expected to replace industrial viscose process and cuprammonium process, thereby be with a wide range of applications.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with concrete example technical scheme of the present invention is described further:
Embodiment 1
Get and steam quick-fried wood pulp cellulose (viscosity-average molecular weight M
η=4.5 * 10
4) 9 grams, add 200 gram 9.5wt%NaOH/4.5wt% thiocarbamide mixed aqueous solutions, fully stirred 5 minutes in the ice-water bath (0-5 ℃), obtain transparent cellulose solution, under 0.1～0.2MPa pressure, filter with 200 mesh filter screens, obtain settled solution.
Embodiment 2
Get non-woven fabrics (viscosity-average molecular weight M
η=12.0 * 10
4) 10 grams, the adding precooling temperature is-5 ℃ 200 gram 9.5wt%NaOH/4.5wt% thiocarbamide mixed aqueous solutions, fully stirs, dissolving in 10 minutes with the filtration of 200 mesh filter screens, obtains settled solution under 1～2 normal atmosphere.
Embodiment 3
Get regenerated cellulose (short rayon fiber) 15 grams, add 185 gram 8wt%NaOH/4wt% thiocarbamide mixed aqueous solutions, in 5 ℃, stirred 5 minutes, obtain transparent cellulose solution.At 8,000 rev/mins, 15 ℃ were descended centrifugal 30 minutes, and were not changed before cellulose solution is more centrifugal with ultracentrifuge.Pour out cellulose solution, the no micelle precipitation in concentrator bowl bottom, the visible fiber of no naked eyes exists in the gained solution.Regenerated cellulose (short rayon fiber) dissolves fully.Preserving a week down for 7-10 ℃ still stablizes.
Embodiment 4
Get wood pulp cellulose (viscosity-average molecular weight M
η=10.0 * 10
4) 8.4 grams, add 200 gram 9.5wt%NaOH/4.5wt% thiocarbamide mixed aqueous solutions, fully to stir in the cryosel water-bath (4 ℃), dissolving in 10 minutes is filtered with 200 mesh filter screens under 1～2 normal atmosphere, obtains settled solution.
Embodiment 5
Get cotton linter pulp Mierocrystalline cellulose (viscosity-average molecular weight M
η=10.2 * 10
4) 8.4 grams, add 200 gram 9.5wt%NaOH/4.5wt% thiocarbamide mixed aqueous solutions, fully to stir in the ice-water bath (0-5 ℃), dissolving in 10 minutes is filtered with 200 mesh filter screens under 0.1～0.2MPa pressure, obtains settled solution.Behind knifing on the sheet glass, put into the 5wt% aqueous sulfuric acid immediately, or the 5wt% aqueous hydrochloric acid, or in the 1-2mol/L aqueous acetic acid, soak after 2-5 minute and take out, water is rinsed well.Be attached at last to dry naturally on the poly (methyl methacrylate) plate and obtain regenerated cellulose film.Record the tensile strength σ of the regenerated cellulose film that solidifies by 5wt% sulfuric acid by electronics pulling experiment machine
b, elongation at break ε
bAnd Young's modulus is respectively 88MPa, 11% and 4679MPa.Transmittance is 85% (800nm).
Embodiment 6
Get cotton linter pulp Mierocrystalline cellulose (viscosity-average molecular weight M
η=8.5 * 10
4) 10 grams, the adding temperature is 0 ℃ 200 gram 10wt%NaOH/5wt% thiocarbamide mixed aqueous solutions, fully stir, dissolving obtains colourless transparent solution in 10 minutes, uses ultracentrifuge 8,000 rev/min, remove on a small quantity down not behind the fibrinolysin knifing on sheet glass in centrifugal 30 minutes for 15 ℃, put into the 5-20wt% ammonium sulfate solution immediately, or in the 5-15wt% aqueous ammonium chloride solution, soak after 3-4 minute and take out, water is rinsed well.Be attached at last to dry naturally on the poly (methyl methacrylate) plate and obtain regenerated cellulose film.Record the tensile strength σ that solidifies the regenerated cellulose membrane by the 5wt% ammonium sulfate solution by electronics pulling experiment machine
b, elongation at break ε
bAnd Young's modulus is respectively 83MPa, 9.5% and 3923MPa.Transmittance is 84% (800nm)
Embodiment 7
Get cotton linter pulp (viscosity-average molecular weight M
η=8.5 * 10
4) 8.4 grams, the adding precooling temperature is-8 ℃ 200 gram 9.5wt%NaOH/4wt% thiocarbamide mixed aqueous solutions, fully stirs, dissolving fully in 10 minutes uses ultracentrifuge at 8,000 rev/mins, 15 ℃ were descended centrifugal 30 minutes, and were not changed before cellulose solution is more centrifugal.Pour out cellulose solution, the no micelle precipitation in concentrator bowl bottom.Syringe prepare cellulose silk go into solidify in the 5wt% aqueous sulfuric acid regenerate cellulose silk, water is rinsed nature well and is dried.Record its tensile strength σ by electronics pulling experiment machine
bBe 8.74CN/dtex, elongation at break ε
bBe 10.4%.
Embodiment 8
Get cotton linter pulp (viscosity-average molecular weight M
η=8.5 * 10
4) 10 grams, the adding precooling temperature is-8 ℃ 200 gram 9.5wt%NaOH/4.5wt% thiocarbamide mixed aqueous solutions, fully stirs, dissolving fully in 10 minutes uses ultracentrifuge at 8,000 rev/mins, 15 ℃ were descended centrifugal 30 minutes, and were not changed before cellulose solution is more centrifugal.Pour out cellulose solution, the no micelle precipitation in concentrator bowl bottom.With 5wt% sulfuric acid/10wt% aqueous sodium persulfate solution, or the 12wt% aqueous ammonium chloride solution is precipitation bath, coagulation bath temperature 25-30 ℃, prepares regenerated cellulose fibre by simple and easy spinning-drawing machine.
Claims (5)
1. the solvent of a dissolving cellulos, the aqueous solution by sodium hydroxide and thiocarbamide is formed, it is characterized in that: sodium hydroxide accounts for 8.1～12.0wt% of aqueous solution gross weight in this solvent, and the concentration that thiocarbamide accounts for aqueous solution gross weight is to equaling 6.0wt% greater than 4.0wt%.
2. one kind is utilized the direct method of dissolving cellulos fast of the described solvent of claim 1, it is characterized in that: natural cellulose or regenerated cellulose are scattered in 8.1～12.0wt% sodium hydroxide of-10 ℃～5 ℃ and greater than 4.0wt% to the mixed aqueous solution that equals the 6.0wt% thiocarbamide, natural cellulose or regenerated cellulose dissolve rapidly in abundant 10～15 minutes time of stirring and form transparent Mierocrystalline cellulose strong solution, and wherein content of cellulose is 2-10 wt%.
3. method of utilizing the described solvent of claim 1 to prepare regenerated cellulose film or fiber, it is characterized in that: natural cellulose or regenerated cellulose are dissolved in 8.1～12.0wt% sodium hydroxide and make the transparency cellulose strong solution of cellulose 2-10wt% greater than 4.0wt% to the mixed aqueous solution that equals the 6.0wt% thiocarbamide, again this cellulose solution process is filtered, outgased, after casting film-forming or the spinning, film or fiber are solidified regeneration at solidification liquid, and cleaning also, drying makes regenerated cellulose film or fiber.
4. according to the described method of claim 3, it is characterized in that: described solidification liquid is the 3-10wt% dilute acid solution, or the 5-15wt% ammonium salt aqueous solution, or contains the aqueous solution of 3-10wt% diluted acid and 5-15wt% sodium sulfate.
The described solvent of claim 1 the dissolving natural cellulose or regenerated cellulose and carry out spinning or film forming industry in application.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200310111447 CN1235962C (en) | 2003-11-25 | 2003-11-25 | Solvent for solving cellulose and its application |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200310111447 CN1235962C (en) | 2003-11-25 | 2003-11-25 | Solvent for solving cellulose and its application |
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Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5072846B2 (en) * | 2006-04-21 | 2012-11-14 | ジャングー ロンマ グリーン ファイバーズ カンパニー リミテッド | Use of aqueous sodium hydroxide / thiourea solution in the manufacture of cellulose products on a pilot scale |
| CN101551317B (en) * | 2009-05-14 | 2011-03-30 | 宜宾海丝特纤维有限责任公司 | Measuring method for viscosity of alkali cellulose |
| CN102443868B (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2014-10-15 | 中国纺织科学研究院 | Method for manufacturing regenerated cellulose fibers |
| CN104262642A (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2015-01-07 | 武汉大学 | Method for dissolving cellulose in aqueous solution of NaOH/thiourea at normal temperature |
| CN105862483B (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2018-02-02 | 北方民族大学 | A kind of paper cellulose viscose liquid and preparation method thereof |
| CN107694543A (en) * | 2017-10-08 | 2018-02-16 | 浙江理工大学 | A kind of method for preparing adsorbent for heavy metal using mao bamboon paper cellulose modification |
| CN111346618A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-06-30 | 无锡加莱克色谱科技有限公司 | Preparation method of affinity chromatography medium for purifying virus |
| CN111718495A (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2020-09-29 | 湖北工业大学 | Cellulose solution and method for dissolving cellulose |
| CN112552539B (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2023-05-30 | 四川三联新材料有限公司 | Low-adsorption hydrophobic cellulose membrane and preparation method and application thereof |
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