CN1251682C - 一种用于小儿腹泻止泻的药物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于小儿腹泻止泻的药物,该药物由下列重量份配比的原料制成:海藻酸钠1~99、葡甘聚糖10~90、卡拉胶5~95。该药物以药食两用的海洋生物和陆地植物分离提取制作,其中以海洋生物提取物为主要原料,可制成散剂、冲剂、口服液、膏剂、片剂或胶囊剂。本发明配方独特,功效明确,天然无毒副作用,对小儿腹泻病有积极的防治作用和良好的预后效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于小儿腹泻止泻的药物,尤其涉及一种以海洋生物提取物为主要原料制备的用于小儿腹泻止泻的药物。
背景技术
小儿容易发生腹泻,特别是5岁以下的婴幼儿更容易发生。据统计,全世界每年死于腹泻的儿童高达500~1800万。在我国,小儿腹泻病是仅次于呼吸道感染的第二位常见病、多发病。
医院用药或药店里出售的止泻药品主要是成人止泻药品,小儿止泻药品基本上是用成人药品的几分之几替代。由于小儿的组织器官处于不断发育成熟阶段,除了与成年人体重不同外,还有生理、病理方面有差异,尤其是小儿的肝、肾等脏器发育不完善,酶系统也未完全建立,解毒排毒的功能很弱,在使用药物时,小儿体内的吸收、分布、代谢及排泄与成年人相比有明显差别,按成人用药的几分之几折算后给小儿服用是非常不科学和有害的;也常有的是在小儿服药止泻后往往出现严重便秘,产生不良预后效果。对幼儿、或不能用口头表达的患儿甚为辛苦,甚至给病儿留下终身疾患。近年来,国内外医学界对防治小儿腹泻提出新的观点,主要是以天然药物或食疗代替西药,比如:(1)小儿腹泻时多补充水分,多给患儿饮用温和的,不带有刺激物质的药用冲剂、水剂、营养剂,如米粥、面糊、藿香正气散汤等之类物质。(2)目前世界卫生组织(WHO)推荐使用的“口服补液盐”,这种含有适当比例的糖、盐和苏打的口服补液在第三世界已救治了成千上万濒监死亡的儿童,被称为“生命之水”。(3)用含有小儿所需要的多种消化酶和抗体,各种营养成分都非常适合小儿消化和吸收的母乳喂养可以防治小儿腹泻。
目前国内外在用于小儿消费群体中具有止泻功能的天然无副作用的药物很少,主要原因是人们普遍认为成年人的药品小儿通用,而乎视了对小儿健康的保护;其次,是缺乏对引起小儿腹泻的生理特点的了解;另外,受到适合小儿药用的药物源选择的限制。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于小儿因喂养不当、气候改变、消化酶类缺乏或活性降低导致的腹泻时服用的止泻药物,该药物见效快、效果显著、无副作用。
本发明的解决方案是基于对引起小儿腹泻的生理特点的认识,以及对海洋生物活性物的了解,参考现代医学研究的成就,从海洋生物提取物中筛选出具有易于小儿吸收、排泄,在大肠中具有收敛、缚水、生理活性很强的物质,科学组方,发挥其对大肠的不敏感性,减少大肠的蠕动次数,加快大肠粘膜对水的吸收,以达到止泻的效果,有效防治小儿腹泻和良好预后。
本发明药物由下列重量份配比的原料制成:
海藻酸钠 1~99
葡甘聚糖 10~90
卡拉胶 5~95。
制备本发明药物的优选重量份配比是:
海藻酸钠 5~95
葡甘聚糖 15~85
卡拉胶 10~90。
上述用于小儿腹泻止泻的药物,通过常规工艺,可以制成药剂学上所说的多种剂型,如颗粒剂、片剂、散剂、粉剂、水剂、糖浆剂或胶囊剂。
本发明的一个重要特点是该药物在大肠内缚水的物理作用机制,不产生化学反应,不刺激小儿机体发育尚不完善的胃肠道,不为人体吸收,进入大肠后能有效收敛缚水,降低肠粘膜分泌过多的水分,迅速止泻;本发明的另一个重要特点是该药物具有一般纠维素所不具备的理化性质,服后到达肠管,能吸附腐败物质和细菌毒素,减轻刺激,以缓和大肠蠕动的频率,显著减少排便次数,达到止泻的目的;本发明的最独到之处是该药物还可以在肠道中形成高粘度的粘液,有助于小儿肠粘膜屏障功能、生理功能的恢复和具有调节粪便水分的作用,避免止泻后产生便秘的可能性,预后良好。
本发明药物通过临床试验,结果表明具有下述优点:
1、能吸附腐败物质和细菌毒素,减轻刺激,以缓和大肠蠕动的频率,显著减少排便次数,达到止泻的目的。
2、在大肠内缚水的物理作用机制,不产生化学反应,不刺激小儿机体发育尚不完善的胃肠道,避免患儿发生药物不良反应和中毒机会。
3、可以在肠道中形成高粘度的粘液,有助于小儿肠粘膜屏障功能、生理功能的恢复,减少注射给患儿带来的不良刺激。
4、不为人体吸收,进入大肠后能有效收敛缚水,降低肠粘膜分泌过多的水分,迅速止泻,无不良反应。
5、具有调节粪便水分的作用,避免止泻后产生便秘的可能性,预后良好。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本发明药物由下列重量配比(份数)的原料制成:
海藻酸钠 60
葡甘聚糖 50
卡拉胶 35
将上述组分制成胶囊的生产方法是:(1)将海藻酸钠和葡甘聚糖干燥、粉碎至80目以上的细度;(2)将上述粉剂组分和卡拉胶按比例混合后,按填充胶囊工序填充胶囊,装瓶,包装。使用伽玛射线辅照,进行灭菌、消毒,产品的实际吸收剂量为5.0KGY。
实施例2
本发明药物由下列重量配比(份数)的原料制成:
海藻酸钠 50
葡甘聚糖 45
卡拉胶 20
将上述组分制成片剂的生产方法是:(1)将海藻酸钠和葡甘聚糖干燥、粉碎至80目以上的细度;(2)将上述粉剂组分和卡拉胶按比例混合后,按制备片剂工序制片,装瓶,包装。使用伽玛射线辅照,进行灭菌、消毒,产品的实际吸收剂量为5.0KGY。
临床观察报告
本发明药物经医院临床观察,选用非感染性腹泻患儿60例(男22例,女38例)随机分为本发明药物试用组与止泻药复方樟脑酊对照组,每组30例,采用自身及组间对照法。观察期间,试验组服用本发明药物(停用治疗腹泻的药物及其他有关药物),对照组服用复方樟脑酊,时间15天。结果表明,本发明药物服用患儿症状积分值显著下降,能较好改善腹痛症状和止泻,有效26例,总有效率87%;对照组有效22例,总有效率73%。本发明药物试验组和复方樟脑酊对照组腹泻病症的改善率分别为70%和41%,止泻后粪便形状、大便次数和全身症状好转情况改善率分别为89%和40%。服用前后,血、尿常规和血生化指标均在正常值范围,腹部检查未见异常,且病程多短暂,并发症少见,预后佳良。说明本发明药物对受试患儿健康无害。
Claims (3)
1、一种用于小儿腹泻止泻的药物,其特征在于它是由下述重量份配比的原料制成的药剂:
海藻酸钠 1~99
葡甘聚糖 10~90
卡拉胶 5~95。
2、根据权利要求1所述的用于小儿腹泻止泻的药物,其中各原料的重量份配比为:
海藻酸钠 5~95
葡甘聚糖 15~85
卡拉胶 10~90。
3、根据权利要求1所述的用于小儿腹泻止泻的药物,其特征在于所说的药剂是颗粒剂、片剂、散剂、粉剂、水剂、糖浆剂或胶囊剂。
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