CN1248698A - Method and device for arc light sensing plasma arc welding small hole behavior - Google Patents
Method and device for arc light sensing plasma arc welding small hole behavior Download PDFInfo
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- CN1248698A CN1248698A CN 99119342 CN99119342A CN1248698A CN 1248698 A CN1248698 A CN 1248698A CN 99119342 CN99119342 CN 99119342 CN 99119342 A CN99119342 A CN 99119342A CN 1248698 A CN1248698 A CN 1248698A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a device for detecting the small hole behavior of a molten pool in real time in the plasma arc welding process, which take the spectral radiation intensity of a welding arc as a direct detection quantity, realize the real-time monitoring of the small hole behavior of the molten pool from the front of a welded metal component in the plasma arc welding process, acquire the relevant information of the small hole behavior of the molten pool according to the jump amplitude and the characteristics of a spectral radiation intensity signal under the condition of taking argon as ion gas, do not influence the flexibility and accessibility of a welding gun, and remarkably expand the adaptive welding line range.
Description
The present invention is a kind of method and device that detects molten bath aperture behavior in the plasma arc welding welding process in real time, belongs to the metal processing and molding technical field, and it relates to the improvement of art methods and device performance and raising.
Plasma arc welding utilize keyhole effect can realize in the thick metal material single face once weld two-sided good shaping.Stable aperture form and size are the necessary conditions that obtains good quality solder joints.Thereby in the actual welding process, utilizing auxiliary sensor unit to obtain the information that can truly characterize molten bath aperture behavior, this is significant for monitoring plasma arc-welding quality of weld joint.
In this respect, scientists both domestic and external has been carried out long term studies and practice, has successfully used the multiple technologies method, and develops relevant detection equipment.Wherein the most representative having is following several.
Before the H.D.Steffens of West Germany and H.Kayser 1972 № 6 " welding magazine " (Welding Journal) the work literary composition, according to the electric conductivity that sees through the plasma flame flow of weldment behind the formation aperture, proposed to detect the method for orifice size of molten bath, and developed pick-up unit.Its method is to place a metal to measure rod on the back of weld certain distance, between weldment and measurement rod, connect the 220V alternating voltage, when plasma arc penetrates workpiece formation aperture, plasma flame flow has certain electric conductivity, thereby produce one and measure electric arc under the effect of 220V alternating voltage, the size of this arc voltage can reflect the size of hole diameter.
The J.C.Metcalfe of Britain and M.B.C.Quigley have discussed the stability of plasma arc welding small hole in the paper of delivering on № 11 " welding magazine " (Welding Journal) in 1975, propose a kind of method of real-time monitoring aperture stability, and developed sensing device.Its method is as sensing element with photoelectric device, it is positioned over the weldment back side, when plasma arc penetrates workpiece formation aperture, penetrate plasma flame flow from the weldment back spraying, utilize photoelectric device to detect the radiation intensity of plasma flame flow, thereby obtain about the whether stable information of the aperture aperture that has that it's too late.
People such as Chinese scholar's Hu one hundred happy went up the work literary composition in 1980 in " welding " magazine fifth phase of China, when pointing out to adopt the plasma arc soldering method to weld various piping member, plasma arc was injected tube chamber at a high speed and is sent loud sound when aperture formed, the appearance of this sound signal is synchronous with the formation that disappears with aperture with closure, and there is the fundamental frequency signal of a stable 300Hz in the signal, sound transducer is positioned over piping weld assembly inside, signal of sensor can reflect the penetration degree of weldment, has realized the closed-loop control that weld joint stable is shaped by adjusting gas flow of ions amount and peak point current pulsewidth in the pulsed plasma arc welding process.
The engineering technical personnel of U.S. NASA NASA have developed and have a kind ofly judged the foundation and closed device of aperture by detecting weldment back-protective atmospheric pressure, and back-protective atmospheric pressure bust characterizes aperture and sets up, and air pressure rises to and characterizes the aperture closure.This report sees № 7 " Welding Design and production " (Welding Design ﹠amp in 1991 for details; Fabrication).
Above-mentioned 4 kinds of methods all can reduce the method for back side sensing aperture behavior, principal character is that sensor probe is positioned over by the back side of weldering hardware, at this moment sensor probe is difficult to and the welding gun servo-actuated, during actual welding, welding gun often can only maintain static, and perhaps with simple orbiting motion, this has just limited the scope of application of plasma arc welding, especially for the weld assembly of closed container, complex profile, the method for back side sensing is implemented very difficulty.
Purpose of the present invention is exactly the shortcoming that will overcome said method and device, and a kind of method and device that is widely used in the sensing plasma arc welding molten bath aperture behavior of multiple joint forms such as butt plates welding seam, fillet weld, tee T weld seam and socket housing girth joint and complex curve type weld seam is provided.
The objective of the invention is to reach by the following method that technical measures realize:
In the plasma arc welding process, the formation of aperture, closure and change in size all will change the physical state and the performance parameter of plasma arc, the radiation of electric arc is as one of important way of plasma arc NE BY ENERGY TRANSFER in the welding process, express the microcosmic transport mechanism of plasma arc energy and quality intuitively, must comprise the content that the molten bath aperture reacts on plasma arc in the arc radiation information.Utilize the spectral radiance of photoelectric device detection arc light, can extract the relevant information of molten bath aperture behavior.
Based on this theoretical analysis and research practice, the present invention proposes a kind of method of new arc light sensor plasma arc welding small hole behavior, it adopts sensing device to detect the spectral radiance of plasma arc, be electric signal with the spectral radiance signal transition and be transported to data acquisition processing system, it mainly comprises welding system, arc light sensor device and computer data acquiring disposal system, it is characterized in that: sensing device is from being detected the spectral radiance of arc light the welding process by the front of weldering hardware, according to the state of the transition amplitude characteristic identification aperture of arc light radiation intensity signal.
Simultaneously, in order to obtain aperture information accurately, improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of transducing signal, the narrow-band-filter eyeglass be installed in the sensing receiving trap, with the arc light spectral signal of a wavelength coverage choosing radiation intensity height, signal stabilization as analytic target.Under with the condition of pure argon as ion gas, the wavelength coverage of selected arc light spectrum is 600～800nm.
Device with the behavior of the corresponding sensing molten bath for plasma welding of said method aperture, it comprises sensor probe, sensor receiving trap, signal processing circuit, data acquisition processing system several sections, sensor probe directly and welding gun link together, be arranged on by the front of weldering hardware, move with welding gun.
Sensor probe passes light beam and is connected away from the on-the-spot sensor receiving trap of welding by silica fibre, and signal conveys is handled to data acquisition processing system.
The narrow-band-filter eyeglass is placed in the back of the biography light beam outgoing terminal in the sensor receiving trap, and the centre wavelength scope of narrow-band-filter eyeglass is 600～800nm.
In sensor probe, adopt the detection means of semiconductor photo diode as the arc light spectral radiance.
The drawing of accompanying drawing is described as follows:
Fig. 1 is the composition frame chart of system of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the method and the schematic representation of apparatus of system of the present invention plasma arc welding front arc light sensor aperture behavior;
Fig. 3 is the plasma arc emission spectrum figure of system of the present invention;
Welding current, wake flame voltage and arc light spectral radiance signature tune line chart that Fig. 4 detects in real time for system of the present invention plasma arc welding overall process.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples method of the present invention and device are described further:
At first introduce the processing conditions of present embodiment:
The welding piece material is the thick 1Cr18Ni9Ti sheet material of a 4mm stainless steel, dull and stereotyped built-up welding, and welding variables is: gas flow of ions amount 1.4L/min; protection airshed 6.0L/min, ion gas and protection gas are argon gas, and nozzle bore is 2.2mm; the tungsten electrode neck-in is 2.5mm, and the tungsten electrode diameter is 5mm.
The system of present embodiment forms as shown in Figure 1, and it comprises the plasma arc welding source of welding current and presetting apparatus 18, arc light sensor apparatus and computer data acquisition system 19.Wherein, the arc light sensor apparatus mainly passes light beam 11, arc photosensor receiving trap 13 and signal processing circuit 17 by arc photosensor probe 6, silica fibre and forms, in welding process, arc photosensor probe 6 links to each other with plasma arc welding welding gun 1 by connecting link 5, and, so just realized from detected the radiation intensity of arc light by the front of weldering member with the motion campaign of welding gun.In arc photosensor receiving trap 13, adopt the narrow-band-filter eyeglass, detect the spectral radiance signal of responsive spectral coverage.The electric signal U of arc light sensor apparatus output
0After machine data acquisition system 19 is handled as calculated, change digital signal into and be stored in calculator memory or hard disk in.
Introduce the course of work of the inventive method and device thereof below in conjunction with Fig. 2:
Shown in accompanying drawing 2, in the plasma arc welding process, plasma arc 3 produces between tungsten electrode 2 and soldered member 4, by connecting link 5 arc photosensor probe 6 is connected with plasma arc welding welding gun 1.Arc photosensor probe 6 is by incident diaphragm 7; protection eyeglass 8; condenser lens 9 and silica fibre pass light beam incident terminal 10 and constitute; the radiant light line focus lens 9 of plasma arc 3 are incident on silica fibre and pass on the light beam incident terminal 10; pass light beam 11 through silica fibre and be delivered to arc photosensor receiving trap 13; arc light radiation intensity signal can be delivered to like this in the environment away from site welding and handle; arc photosensor receiving trap 13 passes light beam outgoing terminal 12 by silica fibre; narrow-band-filter eyeglass 14; photodiode 15 and printed-wiring board (PWB) 16 thereof are formed; the back that passes light beam outgoing terminal 12 at silica fibre is provided with a narrow-band-filter eyeglass 14; pass the arc optical signal of light beam outgoing terminal 12 outgoing from silica fibre; do the processing that filters through narrow-band-filter eyeglass 14; project on the incident end face of photodiode 15; the photo-signal of photodiode 15 outputs is transported to signal processing circuit 17 by shielded cable and does signal Processing, exports electric signal U at last
0
The centre wavelength scope of narrow-band-filter eyeglass 14 recited above is 600～800nm.
Below in conjunction with the detected data result of present embodiment technical method of the present invention and device are described further:
Shown in accompanying drawing 3,4, Fig. 3 is analysis of arc in plasma arc welding emission spectrum figure, from near ultraviolet to infrared light spectral coverage (300～900nm), the basic law of whole arc light spectral distribution is the many line spectrums of stack on lower continuous spectrum, the strongest part of line spectrum is in the scope of 700～850nm, in the majority with the argon element spectral line, radiation intensity value height.
Welding current, wake flame voltage and arc light spectral radiance signature tune line chart that Fig. 4 detects in real time for system of the present invention plasma arc welding overall process.The wake flame voltage signal can accurately characterize the behavior of molten bath aperture, when aperture is set up, wake flame voltage by zero become on the occasion of; When aperture was closed, wake flame voltage reduced to zero.As can be seen from the figure, welding current by slow when being raised to constant current aperture set up, experienced by strong to weak in this stage spectral radiance again to strong change procedure, shape is similar to a undersuing, when aperture is closed, produced the transition that is similar to negative pulse equally, but the transition amplitude of amplitude will be lower than aperture when setting up line emission intensity, so just can obtain the relevant information of molten bath aperture behavior according to the transition amplitude and the feature of spectral radiance signal.
The method and the device of molten bath aperture behavior in the sensing plasma arc welding welding process proposed by the invention, with the spectral radiance of welding arc as direct detection limit, realized in the plasma arc welding termination process from monitored the behavior of molten bath aperture in real time by weldering member front, transition amplitude and feature according to the spectral radiance signal are obtained the relevant information of molten bath aperture behavior, do not influence the dirigibility and the accessibility of welding gun, enlarged the weld seam scope that adapts to significantly.
Claims (10)
1. the method for arc light sensor plasma arc welding small hole behavior, it adopts sensing device to detect the spectral radiance of plasma arc, be electric signal with the spectral radiance signal transition and be transported to data acquisition processing system, it mainly comprises welding system, arc light sensor device and data acquisition processing system, it is characterized in that: sensing device is from being detected the spectral radiance of arc light the welding process by the front of weldering hardware, according to the state of the transition amplitude characteristic identification aperture of arc light radiation intensity signal.
2. the method for arc light sensor plasma arc welding small hole according to claim 1 behavior is characterized in that: in welding process, with pure argon as ion gas and the protection gas.
3. the method for arc light sensor plasma arc welding small hole according to claim 1 and 2 behavior is characterized in that: the centre wavelength according to the argon element spectral line is selected the narrow-band-filter eyeglass, detects the spectral radiance signal of its responsive spectral line selectively.
4. the method for arc light sensor plasma arc welding small hole according to claim 1 behavior is characterized in that: adopt silica fibre to pass light beam and arc light radiation intensity signal is delivered in the environment away from site welding handles.
5. the method for arc light sensor plasma arc welding small hole according to claim 3 behavior, the centre wavelength scope of the responsive spectral line that is detected is 600～800nm.
6. the method for arc light sensor plasma arc welding small hole according to claim 1 behavior is characterized in that: adopt the detection means of semiconductor photo diode as the arc light spectral radiance in the arc light sensor device.
7. the device of arc light sensor plasma arc welding small hole behavior, it comprises sensor probe (6), sensor receiving trap (13), signal processing circuit (17), data acquisition processing system (19) several sections, it is characterized in that: sensor probe (6) directly links together with welding gun (1), places the front of being welded member (4).
8. the device of arc light sensor plasma arc welding small hole according to claim 7 behavior is characterized in that: narrow-band-filter eyeglass (14) is placed in the back of the biography light beam outgoing terminal (12) in sensor receiving trap (13).
9. according to the device of claim 7 or 8 described arc light sensor plasma arc welding small hole behaviors, it is characterized in that: sensor probe (6) passes light beam (11) and is connected away from the on-the-spot sensor receiving trap (13) of welding by silica fibre.
10. the device of arc light sensor plasma arc welding small hole according to claim 8 behavior is characterized in that: the centre wavelength scope of narrow-band-filter eyeglass (14) is 600～800nm.
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| CN 99119342 CN1083975C (en) | 1999-09-10 | 1999-09-10 | Method and device for arc light sensing plasma arc welding small hole behavior |
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| CN 99119342 CN1083975C (en) | 1999-09-10 | 1999-09-10 | Method and device for arc light sensing plasma arc welding small hole behavior |
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