CN1245264A

CN1245264A - Piston and manufacturing method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN1245264A
Application number: CN99106750A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 加藤崇行; 关口常久; 杉冈隆弘; 安藤昌树; 高松正人
Original assignee: Toyoda Automatic Loom Works Ltd
Current assignee: Toyota Industries Corp
Priority date: 1998-05-20
Filing date: 1999-05-19
Publication date: 2000-02-23
Anticipated expiration: 2019-05-19
Also published as: EP0959227A3; KR20000011266A; BR9901990A; JP2000038987A; KR100300511B1; EP0959227A2; CN1108470C

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To bond a cylindrical part with a lid part, and fix them to each other inexpensively in a short time. SOLUTION: A piston 22 comprises both a head part 40 to be housed in a cylinder bore 12a and a neck part 42 to be connected with a swash plate 20, set so as to be continuous thereto. The head part 40 which is a separate body from the cylindrical part 41, and is composed of a cylindrical part 41 in a covered cylindrical shape, and of a lid part 43 blocking the inner space of the cylindrical part 41. The lid part 43 is formed up integrally with the neck part 42. The cylindrical part 41 is joined with and fixed to the neck part 42 by means of a friction welding process.

Description

Piston and manufacture method thereof

The present invention relates to the piston of air conditioner for vehicles, relate to the method for making this piston simultaneously with compressor.

Typical compressor comprises cylinder block, and cylinder block constitutes the part of compressor housing.Be formed with cylinder in the cylinder block.Each cylinder holds piston reciprocatingly.Each piston has the metal clip and the metal skirt section that is connected with driving body (for example swash plate in the oblique tray type compressor) that are contained in the associated cylinder.The lid that the hollow cylinder that this piston crown comprises has a closed end and closes this cylinder aperture.This lid forms integral body with above-mentioned skirt section.

Above-mentioned piston is called box type piston.Compare with the solid piston that solid head is arranged, box type piston is lighter.So adopt box type piston energy loss of weight.The head of solid piston and skirt section for example as can by the casting unitary moulding.But it is welded together then that the cylinder of box type piston and Gai Ze must form respectively.

Usually, the cylinder of box type piston and lid weld with electron beam welding.In electron beam welding, be to will speed up very high electron beam to be transmitted on the parts to be welded in vacuum welding chamber.But electron beam welding has following shortcoming.

(1) electron beam welding equipment has vacuum vessel, the row of definite welding booth and gun chamber

Empty mechanism, electron gun, high-voltage power and controller.Therefore, this electron beam is molten

Soldering equipment is very big, has strengthened manufacturing expense.

(2) electron beam must be launched along the skirt section and the seam between the cylinder of piston continuously.This

Sample just makes welding complicated and slack-off.

(3) can be in the metal that forms this cylinder and lid on this cylinder when the piston skirt is welded to

Produce bubble.So just will reduce intensity, the destruction of seam between cylinder and the lid lives

The outward appearance of plug can hinder piston to-and-fro motion glossily simultaneously.

For this reason, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of piston cheaply, cylinder wherein and lid can be soon firm fixation mutually, the present invention simultaneously also provides a kind of method of making this class piston.

For realize the present invention above-mentioned with other purpose, proposed to make the method for the piston of the work that can match with the driving body in the machine.This piston has skirt section and head.The skirt section is used for piston is connected on the driving body, and head then comprises cylinder with at least one opening end and the lid of closing this opening end.Described method comprises described lid is friction welded on this cylinder.

The present invention also comprise be used for machine in the piston of a driving body cooperating.This piston comprises and is used for this piston is connected to skirt section on the driving body, also comprises a head, and this head comprises that one has the cylinder of at least one opening end and closes the lid of this opening end.This lid friction welding is on this cylinder.

Other aspects of the present invention and other advantages then can obtain the following description of principle of the present invention to understand from illustrating with way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

It is believed that belonging to novel characteristics of the present invention will specifically be set out in the appended claim book.The present invention and purpose thereof and advantage can be with reference to obtaining the most clearly to understand below in conjunction with the description of accompanying drawing to the presently preferred embodiment who goes out.

Fig. 1 is cross-sectional figure, shows the bright variable conpacitance compressor that has according to the piston of first embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 2 is the exploded view that shows piston among bright Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 shows the cylinder of piston in the bright ssembly drawing 1 and the time diagram in skirt section.

Fig. 4 is the cross-sectional figure that shows the piston of bright second embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 4 A is the enlarged view of broken circle institute region among Fig. 4;

Fig. 5 A is the cross-sectional figure that shows the method in the cylinder of piston in the bright ssembly drawing 4 and skirt section;

Fig. 5 B is the part enlarged view of broken circle institute region among Fig. 5 A;

Fig. 5 C is the cross-sectional figure that shows the method in the cylinder of piston in the bright ssembly drawing 4 and skirt section;

Fig. 5 D is the part enlarged view of broken circle institute region among Fig. 5 C;

Fig. 6 A is the cross-sectional figure that shows the method in bright assembling the 3rd embodiment's the cylinder of piston and skirt section;

Fig. 6 B is the part figure of the amplification in zone shown in the arrow portion among Fig. 6 A;

Fig. 6 C is the cross-sectional figure that shows the method in bright assembling the 3rd embodiment's the cylinder of piston and skirt section;

Fig. 6 D is the part figure of the amplification in zone shown in the arrow portion among Fig. 6 C;

Fig. 7 A is the cross-sectional figure that shows the method in bright assembling the 4th embodiment's the cylinder of piston and skirt section;

Fig. 7 B is different with Fig. 7 A, is the partial cross-sectional view of showing bright a kind of roller;

Fig. 7 C is the partial cross-sectional view of showing bright a kind of roller different with 7B with Fig. 7 A;

Fig. 8 is the cross-sectional figure that shows bright the 5th embodiment's piston;

Fig. 9 is the cross-sectional figure that shows bright the 6th embodiment's piston;

Figure 10 is the cross-sectional figure that shows bright the 7th embodiment's piston;

Figure 11 is the cross-sectional figure that shows bright the 8th embodiment's piston;

Figure 12 is the cross-sectional figure that shows bright the 9th embodiment's piston.

With reference now to Fig. 1-3 explanation first embodiment, piston.This piston is used for the variable conpacitance compressor of air conditioner for vehicles.

As shown in fig. 1, front housing 11 is fixed on the cylinder block 12 with back cabinet 13.Valve plate 14 is between cylinder block 12 and back cover 13.Crankcase 15 is defined by the inwall of front housing 11 and the front-end face of cylinder block 12.

Transmission shaft 16 is done rotatable supporting by front housing 11 and cylinder block 12.Transmission shaft 16 is connected with outer driving source (not showing bright) or vehicle motor by clutch mechanism such as magnetic clutch.When engine running, axle 16 is rotated thereby this clutch is connected axle 16 and motor effectively.

Rotor 19 is fixedly mounted on the transmission shaft 16 in the crankcase 15.Crankcase 11 also holds a swash plate 20.Slide and tilt on swash plate 20 supporting drive shafts 16 and along axle 16 with respect to the axis L of axle 16.Between rotor 19 and swash plate 20, be provided with linkage 21, make swash plate 20 can with 16 one-tenth unitary rotation of transmission shaft.Linkage 21 guiding swash plates 20 are done axial motion and swash plate 20 tilts with respect to transmission shaft 16 along transmission shaft 16.The gradient of swash plate 20 reduces towards cylinder block 12 motions with it, strengthens towards rotor 19 motions with it.

In cylinder block 12, be formed with cylinder 12a.Each cylinder 12a holds a single head portion box type piston 22.Each piston 22 is connected with swash plate 20 by a pair of shoe 23.This shoe 23 is each piston 22 to-and-fro motion in associated cylinder 12a with the rotational transform of swash plate 20.

In back cabinet 13, define induction chamber 24 and exhaust chamber 25.Valve plate 14 has intakeport 26, air-breathing flap 27, relief opening 28 and exhaust flap 29.Each group of mouth 26,28 and flap 27,29 is corresponding to one of them cylinder 12a.Along with each piston 22 moves to lower dead center from top dead center, open air-breathing flap 27 thereby refrigerant gas is drawn into corresponding intakeport 26 from induction chamber 24, and enter relevant cylinder 12a.Along with each piston 22 moves to top dead center by lower dead center in corresponding cylinder 12a, the gas among the cylinder 12a just is pressurized to predetermined pressure.This gas is discharged from exhaust chamber 28 by relevant relief opening 28 then, makes relevant flap 29 bend towards open position simultaneously.

Exhaust passage 30 comprises along transmission shaft 16 axis and is formed at wherein passage 30a, is formed at the passage 30b in the cylinder block 12, and valve plate 14.Exhaust passage 30 is connected crankshaft room 15 with induction chamber 24.Air supply channel 31 makes exhaust chamber 25 be connected with crankshaft room 15.In each casing 13, a displacement control valve is housed and controls air supply channel 31.

Displacement control valve 32 comprises solenoid 32a and valve body 32b.The excitation of solenoid 32a and de-excitation impel valve body 32b to open and close air supply channel 31.32 of control valves are connected with computer (not showing bright).This computer makes motivating solenoid and de-excitation according to cooling load; Come mobile valve 32b thus.Like this, control valve 32 is just controlled from exhaust chamber 25 to crankshaft room 15 refrigerant gas stream and has been controlled poor the pressure of the pressure of crankshaft room 15 and cylinder 12a thereupon.The gradient of swash plate 20 then changes according to the variation of this pressure difference.The result has just changed the stroke of piston 22, has changed the discharge capacity of compressor simultaneously.

When the solenoid de-excitation, valve body 32b opens air supply channel 31 and exhaust chamber 25 is communicated with crankshaft room 15.So the refrigerant gas in the exhaust chamber 25 flows into crankshaft room 15 by air supply channel 31, the pressure in the crankshaft room 15 is raise.As a result, the inclination of swash plate 20 reduces, thereby the stroke of piston 22 reduces.So just reduced the discharge capacity of compressor.

When solenoid 32 excited target, valve body 32b promptly closes air supply channel 31.So just ended refrigerant gas and flowed to crankshaft room 25 from exhaust chamber 25.Cooling gas in the crankshaft room 15 flow to induction chamber 24 by exhaust passage 30, and the result has reduced the pressure of crankshaft room 15.Like this, the gradient of swash plate 20 strengthens, and the stroke of piston 22 just increases, so improved the discharge capacity of compressor.

Under aforesaid way, the inclination of swash plate 20 changes with the variation of pressure in the crankshaft room 15.The stroke of piston 22 then changes with the change of the gradient of swash plate 20.Box type piston is lighter, thereby it has only very little inertial force in to-and-fro motion.So when adopting box type piston, swash plate 20 is not subjected to the appreciable impact of the inertia of piston 22 with regard to can be moved to required oblique position.

The structure of each piston 22 is described below with reference to Fig. 1 to 3.

Shown in Fig. 1 and 2, each piston 22 has the head 40 that is contained in the respective cylinder 12a and is connected to skirt section 42 on the swash plate 20 by shoe 23.Head 40 mutually combines with skirt section 42 and forms piston 22.Head 40 comprises cylinder 41 and dish-shaped cover 43.Cylinder 41 comprises and is used for the end plate 41d of sealing surface to the end of valve plate 14.In skirt section 42, be provided with groove 42a in the face of swash plate 20.Groove 42a has a pair of relative wall.Between each wall, limit the dimple 42b that is used for receiving shoe 23.This dimple 42b is supporting a pair of shoe 23.This is sandwiched in a part of periphery of swash plate 20 wherein to shoe 23 as shown in Figure 1.

Lid 43 and skirt section 42 unitary mouldings.Extend a boss 43a from covering 43.The external diameter of boss 43a is substantially the same with the external diameter of cylinder 41.The internal diameter of boss 43a is consistent in fact with the internal diameter of cylinder 41.

Cylinder

41 and 42 in skirt section are to form by casting or forging metal such as aluminum or aluminum alloy.

Cylinder 41 is fixed by friction welding mutually with lid 43.At first as shown in Figure 2, aim at cylinder 41 and skirt section 42, make the end face 41b of cylinder 41 face the end face 43b of boss 43a.Relatively rotate around the axis S of piston 22 mutually in cylinder 41 or skirt section 42.Cylinder 41 and skirt section 42 are in contact with one another, and the variation of their relative commentaries on classics company and the contact pressure between them is shown in the plotted curve among Fig. 3.

When the pressure between

end face

41b, 43b reaches the first predetermined pressure P1, this pressure is kept one period scheduled time.Because cylinder 41 and skirt section 42 press mutually, above-mentioned relatively rotating just makes

end face

41b, 43b heating.Stopping this then relatively rotates.Afterwards, the contact pressure that is applied to cylinder 41 and skirt section 42 is brought up to second pressure P 2 greater than first pressure P 1.So just between

end face

41b, 43b, cause adhesion results and cylinder 41 is welded on the skirt section 42.

Cylinder 41 is welded on the skirt section 42 under atmospheric pressure.So when the seam in cylinder 41 and skirt section 42 heated, the metal that forms this cylinder 41 and skirt section 42 can not be subjected to the infringement of bubble.

The embodiment of Fig. 1 to 3 has following advantage.

(1) cylinder 41 is fixed by friction welding mutually with skirt section 42.Compare with electron beam welding,

Friction welding does not need large-scale welding equipment, has so just reduced the cost of piston 32.

Cylinder 41 consequentially rotates with skirt section 42, and

whole end face

41b, 43b weld simultaneously

Be incorporated into together.Compare with electron beam welding, this has just shortened weld interval, because

In electron beam welding, electron beam will be along the ring between cylinder 41 and the skirt section 42

The guiding of shape seam.

(2) cylinder 41 is mutually mutual when being overlayed mutually by first pressure P 1 with skirt section 42

To rotating.Then, end to relatively rotate, use greater than second of first pressure P 1 and press

Power P2 overlays cylinder 41 and skirt section 42 mutually.So just guaranteed end face 41b

After-tack with 43b and to close.So cylinder 41 just interfixes securely with skirt section 42.

Fig. 4 to Fig. 5 D shows the assembling method of the piston of understanding second embodiment.The difference of this embodiment and Fig. 1-3 illustrated embodiment is discussed below.The internal diameter of the external diameter of boss 43a and cylinder 41 is basic identical.Form circular groove 43c on the outer surface of boss 43a, its number is 2 in Fig. 4 to Fig. 5 D illustrated embodiment.

Cylinder 41 is to interfix with plastic flow and tackiness agent with skirt section 42.Tackiness agent be applied to the periphery of boss 43a and cover 43 on this part of the adjacent face 41b of cylinder 41.This tackiness agent for example is a resin adhesive, as epoxy resin, polyimide or vinyl acetate resin.

Again skirt section 42 is attached on the cylinder 41, is making the inner space 41a of 43 closed cylinders 41.At this moment, the outer circumferential face of boss 43a contacts the inwall of cylinder 41a, and covers the end face 41b of 43 contact cylinders 41.

Shown in Fig. 5 A and 5C, make cylinder 41 and lid 43 pass through a mould 201 then, the internal diameter of this mould is slightly less than the external diameter of cylinder 41 and lid 43.Mould 201 is pressed to boss 43a to cylinder 41 forcibly and is impelled the plastic flow of the metal that forms cylinder 41 to enter among the groove 43c.In addition, when mounted, tackiness agent has strengthened being connected of

cylinder

41 and 42 in skirt section.Cylinder 41 is to be fixed on the skirt section 42 under atmospheric pressure.Not damaged by bubble so form the metal in cylinder 41 and skirt section 42.In Fig. 5 A, be to show the internal diameter and the cylinder 41 of bright mould 201 and cover poor between 43 the external diameter in the mode of having striden greatly.

Identical with the embodiment among Fig. 1-3, the embodiment of Fig. 4 to Fig. 5 D has reduced manufacturing expense, has shortened manufacturing time.In addition, Fig. 4 to Fig. 5 D illustrated embodiment also has following advantage.

(1) cylinder 41 and skirt section 42 are to be interfixed by plastic flow and two kinds of means of tackiness agent.

Like this, cylinder 41 just can interfix securely with skirt section 42.

(2) circular groove 43c is formed on and covers on 43 the boss 43a.Groove 43c makes cylinder 41

And the seam shape between the skirt section 42 is complicated, and can be securely with cylinder 41 with

Skirt section 42 is fixing securely.

Cylinder 41 can assemble without tackiness agent with skirt section 42.Cylinder 41 can only combine by means of plastic flow with skirt section 42 in other words.

Fig. 6 A to 6D shows the bright method that is used for assembling the 3rd embodiment's piston.Below the main difference of discussing with Fig. 4 to Fig. 5 D illustrated embodiment.The boss 43a of Fig. 6 A to 6D illustrated embodiment does not have circular groove 43c.Shown in Fig. 6 B, scolder R is filled in the space between cylinder 41 and boss 43a.Scolder R is that fusing point is than the low alloy of metal that forms cylinder 41 and skirt section 42.Scolder R can be applied on the cylinder 41 or on the boss before assembling.Perhaps can and install on cylinder 41 or the boss 43a scolder R formation ring-shaped article.In addition, cylinder 14 or cover 43 can coating powder shape scolder R.

Identical with the embodiment of Fig. 4 to Fig. 5 D, in the embodiment of Fig. 6 A to 6D, use a mould 201.Mould 201 is pressed to boss 43a forcibly with cylinder 41, produces plastic flow between cylinder 41 and boss 43a.So just in the metal that forms cylinder 41 and skirt section 42, form many lattice imperfections.In other words, many holes in metal, have been formed.As a result, the atom that forms the metal of cylinder 41 just enters in the lattice imperfection in skirt section 42, and simultaneously, the atom that forms the metal in skirt section 42 then enters in the lattice imperfection of cylinder 41.

The seam pressurization that makes piston 22 give 42 in cylinder 41 and skirt section by mould 201 produces heat therefrom.This pressure and heat make scolder R diffusion, impel scolder R to enter lattice imperfection.In addition, piston 22 is heated by external heat source in by mould 201.The heat seal that the heat of this thermal source and seam crossing pressurization are produced makes the temperature of scolder R be elevated to it more than fusing point together, so just makes scolder R liquefaction.The scolder R of liquefaction spreads at seam crossing.Can economize and remove outside thermal source, solid-state diffusion promptly takes place in scolder R at this moment.

Shown in Fig. 6 D, 42 seam crossing has formed alloy-layer G in cylinder 41 and skirt section.Layer G comprises metal and the scolder R that forms cylinder 41 and skirt section 42.Cylinder 41 is fixed into by alloy-layer G mutually with skirt section 42, and making does not have the interface between cylinder 41 and the skirt section 42.

The internal diameter of mould 201 gives 42 applied pressures of cylinder 41 and skirt section so definite, even the strain of seam crossing is 3-15% between cylinder 41 and the skirt section 42 when perhaps piston 22 is by mould 201.For example, if added pressure is too little, if promptly the strain of seam crossing is less than 3%, the lattice imperfection number just can not be abundant, in other words, do not have the former decimal deficiency of enough holes and cylinder 41 and the metal in the skirt section 42 so that they make up fully.Inadequate pressure has also stoped R to spread satisfactorily simultaneously, and this has just weakened the intensity of seam between cylinder 41 and the skirt section 42.Slowed down owing to pressure the is insufficient diffusion of scolder R, cylinder 41 just must pass through mould 41 more slowly.On the other hand, if added pressure is bigger, if the i.e. strain of seam surpasses 15%, then piston 22 need carry out machining with regard to having very big distortion.

After making piston 22 and mould 201 assembly, once more with the seam heating in 42 in cylinder 41 and skirt section.Temperature preferably will be higher than the fusing point of alloy-layer G.Heating has promoted the diffusion of layer G, thereby above-mentioned seam is strengthened.Can adopt laser heater or electron-beam heater to give cylinder 41 and cover seam heating between 43.Maybe whole piston can be placed in the oven and handle.

Cylinder 41 is through forging or the casting manufacturing, hardening then and temper with skirt section 42.Make cylinder 41 by mould 201 afterwards.If piston 22 is placed heating again in the oven, then can economize except that temper.

Cylinder 41 and skirt section 42 preferably by in the alloy according to JIS (JIS) A2017, A2014, A4032, A6063, A6061, A7075, ADC12 and A390 defined, select identical or different aluminum alloy to make.Be suitable for this class material of making scolder R following all alloys then arranged:

Zinc is that first key component, tin are that second key component, aluminium are the 3rd key component, and is additive with copper, chromium and beryllium;

Tin is that first key component, zinc are second key component, and is additive with aluminium, copper and beryllium;

Tin is that first key component, zinc are second key component, and is additive with aluminium, copper, chromium and beryllium;

Tin is that first key component, zinc are second key component, and is that silver is additive with copper;

Zinc is that first key component, aluminium are that second key component, tin are the 3rd key component and be additive with cadmium, copper, titanium and beryllium;

Zinc is that first key component, tin are second key component, and is additive with copper and cadmium;

Zinc is that first key component, aluminium are second key component, and is additive with silicon, copper and titanium;

Zinc is that first key component, aluminium are second key component, and is additive with titanium, beryllium and copper;

Zinc is that first key component, aluminium are second key component, and is additive with titanium, cadmium and copper; And

Zinc is that first key component, aluminium are second key component, and is additive with chromium, magnesium and tin.

In above-mentioned scolder R, by weight percentage, the percentage of first key component is more than or equal to the percentage of second key component; The percentage of second key component is more than or equal to when the 3rd key component is arranged (if) percentage of the 3rd key component, and comparing with key component of additive is then extremely little.

In the embodiment of Fig. 6 A to 6D, the seam of cylinder 41 and skirt 42 is by mould 201 pressurizations.So just produced plastic flow and promoted the diffusion of scolder R at seam crossing.Compare with the seam of non-pressurized simple welding, Fig. 6 A to 6D illustrated embodiment has been strengthened the seam of 42 in cylinder 41 and skirt.

In the 4th embodiment shown in Fig. 7 A to 7C, the mould 201 of Fig. 4 to 6D illustrated embodiment is by roller 202 displacements.Piston 22 is around its rotational.In this simultaneously, roller 202 pressurizes to the seam between cylinder 41 and boss 43a forcibly.So just produce plastic flow at this seam crossing, piston shown in Fig. 7 A 22 is similar with the piston 22 among Fig. 4, is formed with groove on the periphery of boss 43a.But this groove can be economized and remove.Identical with the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 to Fig. 5 D, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 7 A, can use tackiness agent.In addition, identical with embodiment shown in Fig. 6 A-6D, but also application of solder in Fig. 7 A illustrated embodiment.

Each roller 202 is constant along the diameter of roll axis shown in Fig. 7 A.In other words, the surface of roller 202 is cylndrical surface.Like this, the whole peripheral surface of roller 202 is all compressing piston 22.When adopting this roller 202 in assembling, piston 22 promptly is heated to higher temperature and roller 202 is to piston 22 pressurizations with less impacting force.In addition, this assembling need be used the long time.Specifically, in each roller 202 of Fig. 7 A, the impacting force on roller 202 per unit areas is less, so produce less plastic flow at described seam crossing.On the other hand, Fig. 7 A central roll 202 has very big pressurization area, and built-up time is long simultaneously, and this will improve the temperature of seam crossing.Like this, when using scolder, scolder will spread smoothly.The axial length of roller 202 is through being specified to the intensity that can guarantee described seam fully and can not produce plastic flow in other parts of piston.

Fig. 7 B shows bright another kind of roller 202.The side face of Fig. 7 B central roll is such circular arc, and promptly the axis centre place of roller 202 is recessed.The radius of curvature R 2 at place, roller 202 axis ends can be extremely little.When the roller 202 among employing Fig. 7 B, piston 22 is heated to lower temperature with bigger pressure roller 202 is pressed to piston 22 simultaneously.In addition, used time of this process is shorter.Compare with the situation that adopts Fig. 7 A central roll 202, the plastic flow of seam crossing is promoted significantly, and seam is not heated to high temperature.The shape of roller 202, specifically be in the radius of curvature R 1 at its recessed place of axis centre optimization so that can produce plastic flow effectively at seam crossing, required energy minimum when cylinder 41 is connected with skirt 42.

Fig. 7 C shows clear a kind of roller 202 again in addition.The side face of Fig. 7 C central roll 202 is got taper by a predetermined angle theta.When the roller 202 among employing Fig. 7 C, piston 22 is heated to lower temperature and uses bigger pressure that roller 202 is pressed against on the piston 22.In addition, this process is to carry out with the short time.The plastic flow of seam crossing.Promoted that significantly seam is not heated to high temperature simultaneously.Above-mentioned angle θ is optimized and produces plastic flow effectively at seam crossing, makes cylinder 41 be connected time institute's energy requirement minimum with skirt 42 thus.

In Fig. 8 to 12 illustrated embodiment, the skirt of each piston 22 42 is unitary mouldings with 41, and end plate 41d then separates formation with cylinder 41.Cylinder 41 mutually combines by friction welding shown in Fig. 1 to 7c or plastic flow with end plate 41d.

Fig. 8 shows bright a kind of method that is used to make the piston of fifth embodiment of the invention.End plate 41d is configured as butterfly.The end face 41c of cylinder 41 and the end face 41f of end plate 41d are contacted, by friction welding or plastic flow cylinder 41 and end plate 41d are mutually combined then.

Fig. 9 shows bright the 6th embodiment's piston 22.End plate 41 includes boss 41g.The external diameter of boss 41g is substantially equal to the internal diameter of cylinder 41.Boss 41g packs in the cylinder 41, makes

end face

41e and 41f be in contact with one another.By friction welding or plastic flow cylinder 41 and end plate 41d are mutually combined then.

Figure 10 shows a kind of piston of bright foundation the 7th embodiment.Cylindrical part 41h and end plate 41 are integrally formed.The external diameter of cylindrical part 41h is identical with cylinder 41.The end face 41m of cylindrical part 41h contacts with the end face 41e of cylinder 41.Through friction welding or plastic flow cylinder 41 and end plate 41d are mutually combined then.

Figure 11 shows a kind of piston 22 of bright foundation the 8th embodiment.Piston 22 among Figure 11 is a kind of remodeling of piston among Figure 10.Specifically, the cylindrical part 41h of end plate 41d comprises a boss 41i.The external diameter of boss 41i is less than the external diameter of cylindrical part 41h remaining part.Cylinder 41 has the joint 41j that is formed on the place, open end.The external diameter of the internal diameter of joint 41j and boss 41i is basic identical.Boss 41i is contained in the joint 41j, makes the end face 41m contact of the end face 41e of cylinder 41 with cylindrical part 41h.By friction welding or plastic flow cylinder 41 is mutually combined with end plate 41d then.

Figure 12 shows bright foundation the 9th embodiment's piston.The piston 22 of Figure 12 is the remodeling of piston among Figure 10.Specifically, the internal diameter of cylindrical part 41h is greater than the internal diameter of cylinder 41.Cylinder 41h comprises a boss 41h in open end.The internal diameter of the external diameter of boss 41n and cylindrical part 41h is basic identical.Boss 41n is contained in the end face 41e that makes cylinder 41 in the cylindrical part 41h end face 41m contact with cylindrical part 41h.By friction welding or plastic flow cylinder 41 is combined with end plate 41d then.

The expert should know that the present invention can not depart from its spirit and scope by many other concrete forms enforcements.Should know that especially the present invention can be by following form imbody.

In each embodiment of Fig. 1 to Fig. 7 c, both can be made cylinder 41 or skirt 42 or this by other metals that are different from aluminium and aluminum alloy such as iron, ferro-alloy, copper or Cuprum alloy.Equally, in each embodiment of Fig. 8 to Figure 12, both can be made cylinder 41 or end plate 41d or this by other metals that differ from aluminium and aluminum alloy such as iron, ferro-alloy, copper or Cuprum alloy.

The present invention can be embodied as and be different from the piston that is used for oblique tray type compressor shown in Fig. 1 to 12.For example the present invention can be embodied as piston, the piston in the double-headed piston type variable conpacitance compressor, the piston in the air compressor and the piston in the reciprocating internal combustion engine in the undulating type cam dish-type compressor.

So example that provides above and embodiment should regard as illustrative rather than restriction, the invention is not restricted to the various details that propose simultaneously here but can on the scope of appended claim book and equivalent, make change.

Claims

1. be used to make the method for piston (22), driving body in this piston and the machine (20) cooperating, wherein, piston (22) has skirt (42) and head (40), skirt (42) is used for piston (22) is connected on the driving body (20), and the lid (43 that the cylinder (41) that head (40) comprises has at least one open end and closes this open end; 41d), the method is characterised in that, will cover friction welding in cylinder.

2. the described method of claim 1 is characterized in that, makes lid (43; 41d) and cylinder (41) relatively rotate one period scheduled time, simultaneously with predetermined power make lid (43,41d) and cylinder (41) be laminated.

3. method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, axially makes lid (43 along piston (22); 41d) be laminated, and make lid (43 around the axis of piston (22) with cylinder (41); 41d) produce relative rotation with cylinder (41).

4. method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, at lid (43; 41d), use power to make lid (41 greater than described predetermined force with after cylinder (41) produces relative rotation; 41d) be laminated with cylinder (41).

5. as each described method of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that this method is to carry out under atmospheric pressure.

6. be used to make the method for piston (22), driving body in this piston and the machine (20) cooperating, wherein, piston (22) has skirt (42) and head (40), skirt (42) is used for piston (22) is connected on the driving body (20), and the cylinder (41) that head (40) comprises has the lid (43 of at least one open end and closure member open end; 41d), the method is characterised in that, produces plastic flow so that this lid is connected on the cylinder between described lid and cylinder.

7. method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that making lid (43; 41d) and cylinder (41) be laminated between this lid and cylinder, to produce plastic flow.

8. method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that at lid (43; 41d) go up formation cylindrical boss (43a); Boss (43a) is coupled in the aperture of cylinder (41); Radially cylinder (41) is pressed to boss (43a) between cylinder (41) and boss (43a), to produce plastic flow.

9. method as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that on the outer surface of boss (43a), forming circular groove (43c), wherein, when cylinder (41) radially compressed boss (43a), the part cylinder (41) of locating around boss (43a) entered in the above-mentioned circular groove (43c) by plastic flow.

10. method as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that making cylinder (41) by mould (201) so that radially make cylinder (41) press to plush copper (43a), wherein the internal diameter of mould (201) is slightly less than the external diameter of cylinder (41).

11. method as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that making cylinder (41) around its rotational, simultaneously roller (202) is pressed to cylinder (41).

12. as each described method among the claim 6-11, it is characterized in that, at lid (43; 41d) and between the cylinder (41) apply tackiness agent.

13., it is characterized in that at lid (43 as each described method among the claim 7-11; 41d) and between the cylinder (41) add scolder.

14. method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, above-mentioned scolder is heated to its temperature more than fusing point, will cover (43 simultaneously; 41d) be laminated with cylinder (41).

15., it is characterized in that described method is to carry out as each described method among the claim 6-11 under atmospheric pressure.

16. be used for machine in the piston (22) of driving body (20) cooperating, piston (22) is characterised in that it has: skirt (42), it is used for piston (22) is connected on the driving body (20); Head (40), it comprises cylinder (41) with at least one opening end and the lid (43 that is used for closing this opening end; 41d), wherein, lid (43; Be to be friction welded on the cylinder (41) 41d).

17. be used for machine in the piston (22) of driving body (20) cooperating, this piston (22) comprising: skirt (42), it is used for piston (22) is connected on the driving body (20); Head (40), it comprises cylinder (41) with at least one opening end and the lid (43 that is used for closing this opening end; 43d), wherein, lid (43; Be 41d) by lid (43; 41d) and the plastic flow between the cylinder (41) be connected on the cylinder (41).