CN1242618A - Method for charging batteries - Google Patents
Method for charging batteries Download PDFInfo
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- CN1242618A CN1242618A CN99110958A CN99110958A CN1242618A CN 1242618 A CN1242618 A CN 1242618A CN 99110958 A CN99110958 A CN 99110958A CN 99110958 A CN99110958 A CN 99110958A CN 1242618 A CN1242618 A CN 1242618A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
A method for charging and monitoring a rechargeable battery is proposed. The charging method includes charging a rechargeable battery, sensing temperature of said battery, and calculating temperature change rate. The method further includes sensing voltage of said battery after the temperature change rate reaches a predetermined value, calculating voltage change rate, and reducing current sent to the battery when the voltage change rate reaches a predetermined value. A second embodiment of the charging method may include charging a rechargeable battery, sensing temperature and voltage of said battery, and calculating temperature and voltage change rates. The method further includes sensing for a maximum voltage change rate after the temperature change rate reaches a predetermined value, and reducing current sent to the battery when the maximum voltage change rate is sensed. In addition, the method may include sensing for a minimum voltage change rate before sensing for the maximum change rate, wherein sensing for the maximum change rate would begin after the temperature change rate reaches a predetermined value or after the minimum voltage change rate is sensed.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of charging and monitoring method of rechargeable battery.
Some advantages that are used for the wireless power supply of portable power tool and some kitchens and home appliances have caused power pack or battery pack, a Battery pack that is promptly comprised, the broad development of its size range.These batteries can comprise nickel-cadmium cell (NiGd), nickel metal hydride battery (NiMH), lithium battery or lead-acid battery etc.
Fig. 2 is illustrated in the exemplary voltages and the temperature curve of battery between charge period.Shown in voltage curve V, the voltage of battery typically can linearly not rise.But cell voltage just rises when arriving regional A, and at this moment cell voltage slowly rises.Then, cell voltage increases sharply up to reaching voltage peak B.Battery is full of electricity and just occurs in before the voltage peak B.
If this charging process does not finish, battery will overcharge so, and this makes battery damage probably.Shown in voltage curve V, when battery overcharge, cell voltage also can reduce.
In charging process, battery temperature also can change.Near the representative temperature curve T of battery charge when battery temperature was room temperature before Fig. 2 also was illustrated in and charges.Shown in temperature curve T, battery temperature arrives regional A or is beginning to raise later on the time.Temperature continues to raise up to stopping charging process then.If do not stop charging process when battery is full of electricity, battery will overcharge, and can damage owing to the rising of temperature thus.Therefore, battery temperature and cell voltage can be monitored as the sign that is full of electricity condition usually.
Among the voltage monitoring method, preferably adopt U.S. Patent number 4,388,582 and 4,392, the two deviations of the Saar described in 101 stop (double inflection termination) method, reach in order to the detection battery to be full of.Yet in the battery overcharge that two deviation approach have been avoided discharging fully, this method is difficult to handle for the battery that is full of or is full of substantially, and this battery is expression also, and as the NiMH battery, this battery forces down voltage curve.
Other voltage monitoring methods that the typical case adopts are: (1) negative increment (minus-delta) voltage method, (2) peak-value detection method and (3) voltage slope detection method.In the negative increment voltage method, the sampling of peak cell threshold voltage can be stored, and compared with nearest voltage.When nearest voltage drops to the set-point when following, usually in the scope between 0.5% and 1.0% crest voltage that stores, or each battery is approximately the 10-20 millivolt, can occur stopping.
Peak-value detection method is more modern more than negative increment voltage method.Basically, adopted identical method, just by using accurate more instrument to approach peak value more with what the set-point was provided with.Yet these two kinds of methods can cause overcharging of battery, thereby reduce the life-span of battery.
The slope detection method is another kind of voltage monitoring method.According to this method, voltage peak B can detect by slope or the voltage change ratio (dV/dt) of calculating voltage curve V.When voltage change ratio is 0 or when negative, can stop.This method also can make battery overcharge, thereby reduces the life-span of battery.
Yet the slope detection method also has another shortcoming.Adopt this method, regional A can be obscured with voltage peak B because of little slope.This will make charging process stop, thereby cause undercharge.
The current temperature detection method also has problem.Employed temperature checking method typically is the termination of (1) absolute temperature and (2) rate of temperature change stops.Absolute temperature stops depending on the temperature that occurs and raises when battery is full of electricity.Adopt this method, charging process will stop when battery temperature reaches uniform temperature.Yet, be full of after the electricity and during overcharging because maximum temperature rise appears at battery usually, so the life-span of battery and performance can affect adversely.
The rate of temperature change terminating method need detect the variation slope of battery temperature in the battery charging process, or rate of temperature change (dT/dt).When rate of temperature change reaches and/or surpass a set rate, then stop.In other words, when reaching and/or surpass cut-off point (trip point), then stop.Yet selecting suitable cut-off point is a problem, especially under the situation that ambient temperature changes.Therefore, this method can make the battery charge deficiency or overcharge.
A kind of charging and monitoring method that battery charge is not enough or overcharge that can not cause making preferably is provided.
For solving the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method that makes rechargeable battery charging and monitoring.This charging method comprises makes the rechargeable battery charging, detects the temperature of described battery, and the rate of change of accounting temperature.This method further is included in rate of temperature change and reaches the voltage that predetermined value detects described battery later on, the rate of change of calculating voltage, and when voltage change ratio reaches predetermined value, reduce the electric current that sends battery to.
Similarly, this charging method can comprise makes the rechargeable battery charging, detects the temperature and the voltage of described battery, and the rate of change of accounting temperature and voltage.This method also is included in and detects the maximum voltage rate of change after rate of temperature change reaches predetermined value, and reduces the electric current that sends battery to when detecting the maximum voltage rate of change.In addition, this method detects the minimum voltage rate of change before can being included in and detecting maximum rate of change, and wherein detecting maximum rate of change will be after rate of temperature change reaches predetermined value or begin later on detecting the minimum voltage rate of change.
Other features and advantages of the present invention are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, believe by following description to make the present invention clearer.
Accompanying drawing shows the preferred embodiment of the present invention according to principle of the invention practical application, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the circuit diagram that makes battery charge according to the inventive method;
Fig. 2 is a curve chart, and it is illustrated in the voltage and the temperature curve of Fig. 1 battery in the charging process;
Fig. 3 is a flow chart, and it is represented according to monitoring of the present invention and charging process; With
Fig. 4 is another flow chart, and it is represented according to another monitoring of the present invention and charging process.
Describe the present invention now with reference to accompanying drawing, wherein same label is represented same part.Yet, below disclosed device just be used to the description implemented, described method can also be finished by other battery charger set is incompatible.In addition, all disclosures of the U.S. Patent number 4,388,582 and 4,392,101 of Saar all can be attached in this specification for referencial use.Referring to Fig. 1, battery 10 can be connected with charger 20.Battery 10 comprises one or more battery units 11, the voltage and the storage volume of its expression battery 10.
Battery 10 comprises three battery charge contacts: first battery contact, 12, the second battery contacts 13 and the 3rd battery contact 14.Battery contact 12 is the B+ (anode) of battery 10.Battery contact 13 is B-or ground (ground) end.Battery contact 14 is S or test side.
As shown in Figure 1, battery unit 11 is connected between battery contact 12 and 13.In addition, what connected between contact 13 and 14 is temperature-detecting device, as negative temperature coefficient (NTC) resistance, or thermistor, R
TTemperature-detecting device can be used for monitoring the temperature of battery.The professional in present technique field will recognize that, other element such as capacitor etc., or circuit all can be used for providing the signal of expression battery temperature.
Charger 20 comprises positive and negative (B+ and B-) end, and it is connected with battery 10 with 13 by battery contact 12.Anode also plays analog/digital input A/DINPUT
VEffect so that detect cell voltage.In addition, charger 20 comprises analog/digital input A/DINPUT
T, it is connected with battery 10 by the 3rd battery contact 14 (S).Make charger 20 can monitor the temperature of battery thus.
Fig. 3 is the different step flow chart that is comprised in described method.The first step (ST1) beginning charging process.Charger 20 sends electric current to battery, so that make battery recharge.Charger 20 obtains original or initial battery temperature T0 (ST2) by its A/D input.Charger 20 will continue to monitor and storage battery temperature (ST3), so that the rate of change of accounting temperature (dT/dt) (ST4).
Then, charger 20 checks whether rate of temperature change has equaled or exceeded predetermined temperature rate of change X (ST5).Rate of change X carries out experience usually and selects, to guarantee that cell voltage is between regional A and the voltage peak B, as shown in Figure 2 when reaching rate of change X.For example, the initiation (change rate trigger) that is used for the suitable rate of change of many batteries will be between per minute 0.1 and 2 degree (degree), and for the NiCd battery, the scope between per minute 0.5 and 1.2 degree (degree) is a preferred range.If do not reach predetermined variation rate X, charger 20 can be set at original temperature T0 the temperature T (ST6) of last detection, detects new battery temperature T (ST3) and accounting temperature rate of change (ST4).Charger 20 will continue this process up to reaching predetermined variation rate X.
In case reach predetermined variation rate X, charger 20 will detect original or initial cell voltage V0 (ST7).Charger 20 will continue to monitor and storage battery voltage (ST8), so that the rate of change of calculating voltage (dV/dt) (ST9).Then, charger 20 checks whether voltage change ratio is equal to or less than predetermined voltage rate of change Y (ST10).For example, the predetermined voltage rate of change can be about 0 volt of per minute, makes to determine voltage peak B.Yet the professional in present technique field will recognize that, can select other rate of change, and as little positive rate of change, this will make charging process stop before reaching voltage peak B, thereby has guaranteed that battery will can not overcharge.Therefore, the preferably every batteries per minute of predetermined voltage rate of change Y is less than 0.2 millivolt, and preferably within 0.1 and 0.0 millivolt of every batteries per minute (per cell per minute).
In case reach predetermined voltage rate of change Y, charging process will slow down by the electric current that reduction is sent to battery (ST12).Preferably reduce electric current, make battery obtain safeguarding charging or reduction charging (referring to the U.S. Patent number 4,388,582 and 4,392,101 of Saar).Then, safeguard that charging current is cut off after the cycle fully at certain hour.However, the professional in present technique field will recognize that if electric current is not sent to battery in case reach predetermined voltage rate of change Y, in fact electric current can reduce.
If when also not reaching predetermined variation rate Y, charger 20 will be provided with primary voltage V0 for the last voltage V (ST11) that detects, and detect new cell voltage V (ST8), and calculating voltage rate of change (ST9).Charger 20 will continue this process up to reaching predetermined voltage rate of change Y.
The professional in present technique field will recognize that said process can carry out concurrently, and promptly charger 20 will at the same time rather than sequentially carry out the comparison of voltage and temperature.
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of the different step that comprises in another embodiment of described method.The first step (ST20) is the beginning charging process.As mentioned above, charger 20 will transmit electric current and give battery, so that make battery recharge.Charger 20 can obtain original or initial battery temperature T0 and original or starting voltage V0 (ST21).Then, charger 20 is set to equal numerical value M with original or starting voltage rate of change dV/dt (0).Numerical value M can be high numerical value, and in fact preferably the actual height of right and wrong is worth.
Charger 20 is monitored and the temperature and the voltage (ST23) of storage battery constantly, so that accounting temperature rate of change (dT/dt) (ST24).Then, charger 20 checks whether rate of temperature change equals or exceeds predetermined temperature rate of change X (ST25).As mentioned above, but rate of temperature change X usually selected to experience will be between regional A and the voltage peak B, as shown in Figure 2 so that guarantee the voltage of battery when reaching rate of change X.For example, the initiation that is used for the suitable rate of change of many batteries will be between per minute 0.1 and 2 degree (degree), and for the NiGd battery, the scope between per minute 0.5 and 1 degree is a preferable range.
If do not reach predetermined temperature rate of change X, but charger 20 calculating voltage rates of change (dV/dt) (ST26).Charger 20 will check whether voltage change ratio is equal to or less than primary voltage rate of change (ST27).If charger 20 primary voltage rates of change are set to equal this voltage change ratio (ST28).Thus, when last voltage change ratio during greater than the primary voltage rate of change, charger 20 will detect again, so discern whether to reach minimum rate of change (it will be the neighbor point L among Fig. 2).Then, charger 20 detects battery temperature and voltage (ST23) constantly, and checks whether reached predetermined temperature rate of change X.
If reached predetermined temperature rate of change X, if or reached the minimum voltage rate of change, charger 20 will begin to detect the maximum voltage rate of change so.Thus, charger 20 primary voltage rates of change are set to equal last voltage change ratio (ST29).Then, charger 20 detects cell voltage (ST30), and calculating voltage rate of change (ST31).
Charger 20 can check whether voltage change ratio is equal to or greater than primary voltage rate of change (ST32).If like this, charger primary voltage rate of change constantly is set to equal last voltage change ratio (ST29), detect cell voltage (ST30), and comparative voltage rate of change (ST31 and ST32), to the last voltage change ratio is less than original rate of change.When satisfying this condition, just detect and identify near this maximum voltage rate of change (usually the some H of Fig. 2), notice is relatively near voltage peak B.
In order to prevent overcharging of battery, preferably the electric current that sends battery to by reduction makes charging process slack-off (ST33).Also have, preferably reduce electric current, make battery to receive and safeguard charging (maintenance charge) (referring to U.S. Patent number 4,388,582 and 4,392,101 of Saar).Cut off fully after the cycle at certain hour then and safeguard charging current.However, the ordinary skill in present technique field will recognize that still if do not send electric current to battery, in case detect the maximum voltage rate of change, electric current will reduce effectively.
The professional in present technique field will recognize other replaceable or additional device for described device or step.For example, can realize level threshold, enter into next step according to signal noise, unshowned measurement etc. so that avoid according to the method for monitoring and charging.Yet all these add and/or alternative all is considered to equivalent of the present invention.
Claims (20)
1. a method that makes the rechargeable battery charging is characterized in that this method comprises the following steps:
Make the rechargeable battery charging;
Detect the temperature of described battery;
The rate of change of accounting temperature;
After the variation of temperature rate reaches first predetermined value, detect the voltage of described battery;
The rate of change of calculating voltage; With
When voltage change ratio reaches second predetermined value, reduce the electric current that sends this battery to.
2. in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that this electric current reduces step and comprised that not transmitting any electric current gives battery.
3. in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that this first predetermined value is between about 0.1 degree of per minute and 2 degree.
4. in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that this first predetermined value is between per minute 0.5 degree and 1 degree.
5. in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that this second predetermined value is less than 0.2 millivolt of every batteries.
6. in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that this second predetermined value is less than 0.1 millivolt of every batteries.
7. a method that makes the rechargeable battery charging is characterized in that this method comprises the following steps:
Make the rechargeable battery charging;
Detect the temperature and the voltage of described battery;
The rate of change of accounting temperature and voltage;
After the variation of temperature rate reaches first predetermined value, detect the maximum voltage rate of change; With
When the maximum voltage rate of change reaches second predetermined value, reduce the electric current that sends this battery to.
8. in accordance with the method for claim 7, it is characterized in that, also be included in and detect the step that maximum rate of change detects the minimum voltage rate of change before.
9. in accordance with the method for claim 8, it is characterized in that, detect maximum rate of change and reach after first predetermined value or the minimum voltage rate of change reaches the 3rd predetermined value and begins later at rate of temperature change.
10. in accordance with the method for claim 7, it is characterized in that this electric current reduces step and comprises that not transmitting any electric current gives battery.
11. in accordance with the method for claim 7, it is characterized in that this first predetermined value is between about 0.1 degree of per minute and 2 degree.
12. in accordance with the method for claim 7, it is characterized in that this and a predetermined value are between per minute 0.5 degree and 1 degree.
13. in accordance with the method for claim 7, it is characterized in that this second predetermined value is less than 0.2 millivolt of every batteries.
14. in accordance with the method for claim 7, it is characterized in that second predetermined value is less than 0.1 millivolt of every batteries.
15. a charger that makes the rechargeable battery charging is characterized in that this charger comprises:
At least three end points are used for charger is connected to rechargeable battery;
One current source, it is connected at least one end points, in order to electric current is offered battery;
One controller, it is connected on this current source and at least one end points, sends the electric current of battery in order to control, detects the voltage and the temperature of battery, and the rate of change of accounting temperature and voltage;
Wherein said controller can reach the voltage that first predetermined value detects described battery later at rate of temperature change, and reduces the electric current that sends battery to when voltage change ratio reaches second predetermined value.
16., it is characterized in that first predetermined value is between about 0.1 degree of per minute and 2 degree according to the described charger of claim 15.
17., it is characterized in that second predetermined value is less than 0.2 millivolt of every batteries according to the described charger of claim 15.
18. a charger that makes the rechargeable battery charging is characterized in that this charger comprises:
At least three end points are used for charger is connected in rechargeable battery;
One current source, it is connected at least one end points, in order to electric current is offered battery;
One controller, it is connected on current source and at least one end points, sends the electric current of battery in order to control; Detect the voltage and the temperature of battery, and the rate of change of accounting temperature and voltage;
Wherein said controller can reach first predetermined value at rate of temperature change and detect the maximum voltage rate of change later on, and reduces the electric current that sends battery to when the maximum voltage rate of change reaches second predetermined value.
19., it is characterized in that this controller can detect the minimum voltage rate of change according to the described charger of claim 18 before detecting maximum rate of change.
20. according to the described charger of claim 19, it is characterized in that, detect maximum rate of change and be after rate of temperature change reaches first predetermined value or the minimum voltage rate of change reaches the 3rd predetermined value and begins later on.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN99110958A CN1242618A (en) | 1998-07-09 | 1999-07-09 | Method for charging batteries |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/112,680 | 1998-07-09 | ||
| CN99110958A CN1242618A (en) | 1998-07-09 | 1999-07-09 | Method for charging batteries |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1242618A true CN1242618A (en) | 2000-01-26 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN99110958A Pending CN1242618A (en) | 1998-07-09 | 1999-07-09 | Method for charging batteries |
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| CN (1) | CN1242618A (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1301566C (en) * | 2003-08-08 | 2007-02-21 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Secondary cell temperature controlled charging method |
| CN100373740C (en) * | 2004-10-13 | 2008-03-05 | 北京嘉捷源技术开发有限公司 | Intelligent controller charging accumulator and quick charging method of its regulating current |
| CN100405696C (en) * | 2004-12-08 | 2008-07-23 | 日立工机株式会社 | Battery charger |
| CN100547419C (en) * | 2005-01-06 | 2009-10-07 | 联发科技股份有限公司 | Battery detecting system and method thereof |
| CN101102001B (en) * | 2006-07-05 | 2012-06-06 | 克莱斯勒集团有限责任公司 | Vehicular battery charging method |
| CN104578320A (en) * | 2015-01-29 | 2015-04-29 | 袁光辉 | Dynamic natural charging method and device |
| CN105024418A (en) * | 2014-04-22 | 2015-11-04 | 英飞凌科技股份有限公司 | Cable quality detection and power consumer devices |
| CN111196179A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2020-05-26 | 宝沃汽车（中国）有限公司 | Estimation method and estimation device for residual charging time of battery and vehicle |
-
1999
- 1999-07-09 CN CN99110958A patent/CN1242618A/en active Pending
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1301566C (en) * | 2003-08-08 | 2007-02-21 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Secondary cell temperature controlled charging method |
| CN100373740C (en) * | 2004-10-13 | 2008-03-05 | 北京嘉捷源技术开发有限公司 | Intelligent controller charging accumulator and quick charging method of its regulating current |
| CN100405696C (en) * | 2004-12-08 | 2008-07-23 | 日立工机株式会社 | Battery charger |
| CN100547419C (en) * | 2005-01-06 | 2009-10-07 | 联发科技股份有限公司 | Battery detecting system and method thereof |
| CN101102001B (en) * | 2006-07-05 | 2012-06-06 | 克莱斯勒集团有限责任公司 | Vehicular battery charging method |
| CN105024418A (en) * | 2014-04-22 | 2015-11-04 | 英飞凌科技股份有限公司 | Cable quality detection and power consumer devices |
| CN104578320A (en) * | 2015-01-29 | 2015-04-29 | 袁光辉 | Dynamic natural charging method and device |
| CN111196179A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2020-05-26 | 宝沃汽车（中国）有限公司 | Estimation method and estimation device for residual charging time of battery and vehicle |
| CN111196179B (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2021-07-20 | 宝沃汽车（中国）有限公司 | Estimation method and estimation device for residual charging time of battery and vehicle |
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