CN1240853C - Method and system for fortifying trance and distribution controllable material surface laser fortificating - Google Patents
Method and system for fortifying trance and distribution controllable material surface laser fortificating Download PDFInfo
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- CN1240853C CN1240853C CN 200410008477 CN200410008477A CN1240853C CN 1240853 C CN1240853 C CN 1240853C CN 200410008477 CN200410008477 CN 200410008477 CN 200410008477 A CN200410008477 A CN 200410008477A CN 1240853 C CN1240853 C CN 1240853C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method and a system for deepening tracks and intensifying controllable lasers distributed on material surfaces. The system comprises a laser device, an extender lens, a condenser lens, a laser machining head, light conducting fibers and a computer, wherein the extender lens and the condenser lens are orderly arranged on light paths output by the laser device; the output end of the laser device is connected to the laser machining head by the light conducting fibers; the movement of the laser machining head is controlled by the computer. The present invention is characterized in that the system also comprises a binary optical transition element which is developed on the basis of a Dammann periodical phase raster principle; the binary optical transition element is arranged between the extender lens and the condenser lens. The method comprises the following steps: micro control is realized by the replacement of the binary optical transition element, and macroscopic track deepening is realized by adjusting the relative movement state and the speed of the machining head and the laser device according to actual technological requirements. The track deepening of the surface of a large-sized workpiece can be conveniently realized by the combination of the micro control and the macroscopic track deepening to intensify the surface of lasers distributed in a periodic way or a non-periodic way on macroscopical or microscopic view.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the field of material surface laser reinforcing, the method and system of the material surface laser reinforcing that particularly relates to a kind of macroscopic view and microcosmic strengthening tracks and distribute controlled.
Background technology
The style hot spot that laser surface intensified many Gauss's circle hot spots that formed by the laser beam line focus of material or the rectangle that forms through specific light beam converting system, linear etc. has definite shape directly acts on material surface, controls the workpiece and the relative movement orbit of laser beam and the keying of optical gate by numerically-controlled machine and requires the position to carry out surface Hardening Treatment to material surface or its.
Tsing-Hua University, Chinese Academy of Sciences's physics and Daheng Co., China utilize light beam binary optical switch technology that energy is converted to the linear beam that energy even distributes for the light beam of Gaussian distribution, and be applied to the surface strengthening of gear and cam.Optical beam transformation and Numeric Control Technology in conjunction with also realizing the different strengthening tracks of die surface ((" mould industry ", 2000, Vol.4 such as the Zhou Jianzhong of Jiangsu Science ﹠ Engineering Univ., 52), " agricultural mechanical journal ", 2001, Vol.32,116) or to the position or the surface that require strengthen.In these reinforcing process, the energy distribution of linear beam is uniformly, and other effective conversion of light beam in most cases only is to have changed the shape of hot spot on the focal plane (its energy distribution is still Gaussian distribution).Therefore, when utilizing above-mentioned shape of beam switch technology that material surface is carried out intensive treatment, the weave construction of its stiffened region is uniformly on macroscopic view, does not have too big difference on the microcosmic.Usually form the very little hot spot of diameter after the laser beam line focus, although laser pulse repetition rates can reach thousands of times and even up to ten thousand times, but handle large and medium-sized die surface and still need the long time, and because hot spot is circular, when carrying out surface strengthening in order fully to handle material surface, just produce the overlapping of hot spot unavoidably, can cause the inhomogeneous of surface strengthening like this, influence treatment effect.As everyone knows, the rational combination of strength and toughness of material is the basic assurance of its excellent properties.Therefore, be alternately distributed, can give the surface property of material excellence undoubtedly if can make material surface have toughness zone and hard regional cycle or non-period.Adopting optical beam transformation is the effective ways of realizing this purpose.Optical beam transformation can carry out the frequency of time response such as pulse laser, pulsewidth etc., spatial character such as mode profile, light spot shape etc. from time response and two aspects of spatial character of light beam.Utilize the binary optical conversion element can carry out the conversion of spatial character to light beam.
Summary of the invention
One of purpose of the present invention: overcome above-mentioned existing treatment process and device behind the intensive treatment material surface, the weave construction of its stiffened region is uniformly on macroscopic view, does not have the defective of too big difference on the microcosmic.
Two of purpose of the present invention: utilize binary optical conversion element based on Darman raster principle (hereinafter referred to as based on Dammann periodicity phase grating principle) development, be placed in the optical beam transformation light path, by the binary optical conversion element, through the time, many laser beams are dot matrix cycle or distribution non-period in each hot spot yardstick after the conversion of space, Gaussian laser beam is changed into many symmetries or the asymmetric bundle that is the dot matrix distribution on the focal plane, like this, in each hot spot yardstick on the laser treatment surface of material, can control the interaction track of laser beam and material flexibly effectively, the weave construction that realizes material surface has non-uniform Distribution on microcosmic, make material surface reach excellent combination of strength and toughness, thus the method and system of the material surface laser reinforcing that a kind of macroscopic view and microcosmic strengthening tracks is provided and distributes controlled.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
Strengthening tracks provided by the invention and the material surface laser reinforcing system that distributes controlled comprise: laser apparatus, beam expanding lens and condenser lens, laser Machining head, photoconductive fiber, photoelectric detector and industrial computer; Wherein on the output light path of laser apparatus beam expanding lens and condenser lens are set in order; Laser output is through being connected on the laser Machining head with photoconductive fiber, and photoelectric detector is converted into the high level voltage signal with the optical signal that collects, the input industrial computer; It is characterized in that: also comprise a binary optical conversion element based on the development of Darman raster principle, this binary optical conversion element is arranged between beam expanding lens and the condenser lens; Described binary optical conversion element is the phase element with 2 ledge structures that adopts etching method to prepare on optical glass substrate, wherein bench height is 0-20um.
The method that application strengthening tracks provided by the invention and the material surface laser reinforcing system that distributes controlled strengthen may further comprise the steps:
(1) according to the machining locus data of setting up based on the material surface outline shape, laser Machining head is placed the initial manufacture position, start laser apparatus output laser, the period profile of strengthening tracks is that the interval degree realizes between 2 hot spots in front and back by adjusting on the macroscopic view, wherein be spaced apart 0～1mm between the hot spot, hot spot zone of action length is 1～10mm; The interval degree is adjusted by the size of adjusting the speed of relative movement v between laser Machining head and the material surface between the described hot spot;
(2) simultaneously, the optical signal that collects is converted into the high level voltage signal, when industrial computer receives the high level voltage signal, sends stop instruction, make the laser Machining head stop motion to controller by photoelectric detector;
(3) unit of process predetermined design is after the processing period, close laser apparatus, photoelectric detector is converted into the low level voltage signal with the optical signal that collects, be transported in the industrial computer and go, when industrial computer receives the low level voltage signal, send movement instruction to controller, instruction laser Machining head setting in motion, and move on the next processing stand position;
(4) repeat above-mentioned steps, till treating that the strengthening region is all finished.
Also comprise a robot, this robot has the process arm of 3-5 axle interlock, as Chinese patent publication number CN1215644 processing unit (plant).Between twice movement position of robot hot spot apart from a, be exactly period profile in the processing requirement hot spot at interval.
Described process period, section was at least a laser pulse width.
The interaction time of described processing period inner laser bundle and material is b/v, and wherein the robot speed is v, and reinforcement period is b, adjusts all period interval degree of hot spot by the size of adjusting the speed of relative movement v between laser Machining head and the material surface.
Described spot size is m, and reinforcement period is that (b＞m), then hot spot is exactly a=b-m to b at interval.Described hot spot is spaced apart 0～1mm, and hot spot zone of action length is 1～10mm.
As shown in Figure 3, the period profile of strengthening hot spot on the macroscopic view is that the interval degree realizes that wherein spot size is m between 2 hot spots in front and back by adjusting, and reinforcement period is that (b＞m), then hot spot is exactly a=b-m to b at interval.
Because by in device of the present invention, changing different binary optical conversion elements, can control the microcosmic strengthening tracks easily, many the pencils that dot matrix cycle or non-period distribute be can on the focal plane of square focus spot, form like this, the strengthening tracks and the distribution of laser beam in laser apparatus output time section, can be controlled effectively at material surface.
As mentioned above, according to predetermined reinforcement period,, can make laser beam obtain to be on the macroscopic view strengthening tracks of cycle or distribution non-period at material surface by the speed of relative movement between control laser beam and the material surface; Simultaneously, owing in this device a binary optical conversion element is set, make the strengthening tracks that also has dot matrix cycle or distribution non-period in laser each hot spot yardstick after time, space conversion.Like this, the material surface after laser surface intensified processing presents cycle or aperiodicity Gradient distribution with stiffened region, the zone of transition between stiffened region and matrix and matrix area on the macroscopic view; In each hot spot yardstick, have the cycle or the aperiodicity Gradient distribution of dot matrix stiffened region, the zone of transition between dot matrix and matrix area equally.Therefore, the material surface laser reinforcing novel method of utilizing both macro and micro strengthening tracks proposed by the invention and distribution to combine, can make the macro surface of material on microtexture, have non-uniform Distribution, be that the stiffened region disperse is distributed on the matrix of high tenacity, thereby given the combination of strength and toughness of material excellence.
The invention has the advantages that: this method can realize stiffened region on the both macro and micro, zone of transition, matrix area cycle or acyclic Gradient distribution at material surface, according to the material use properties require and the surface profile shape effectively to its surface position, quantitative surface Hardening Treatment, solved problems such as the materials microstructure unanimity, the obdurability that occur in the existing material surface routine continuous laser reinforcing process can not effectively mate.Especially the formation of microcosmic strengthening tracks in each hot spot, in each hot spot yardstick, realized the hard stiffened region, the cycle of zone of transition and high tenacity matrix area or aperiodicity Gradient distribution, the hard stiffened region disperse of high rigidity is distributed on the high tenacity matrix, greatly improved material surface intensity, comprehensive use properties such as toughness, for at high temperature, impact, under the severe environmental conditions such as corrosion, the wear-resisting motion component that bear the strong friction abrasive action are (as large mould, high-temperature high pressure valve seal-moving pair in the petrochemical industry mechanized equipment, the aircraft engine high temperature friction pair etc. of obturaging) laser surface intensified provides a kind of effective, has boundless prospects for commercial application method and apparatus.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that etching method is made 2 rank binary optical conversion element synoptic diagram, and wherein Fig. 1 also is that etching method is made multistage binary optical conversion element process schematic representation
Fig. 2 a adopts the binary optical conversion element Gaussian beam to be changed into many symmetrical beam synoptic diagram (dot matrix is 3 * 3, totally 9 narrow laser beams) of dot matrix period profile on the focal plane
Fig. 2 b is the same, and dot matrix is 7 * 7 (49 narrow laser beams)
Fig. 2 c adopts the binary optical conversion element that Gaussian beam is changed into annular spread figure on the focal plane
Fig. 2 d adopts the binary optical conversion element that Gaussian beam is changed into 7 * 7 scarce grade distribution plans on the focal plane
Fig. 3 is a laser light path system synoptic diagram of the present invention
Fig. 4 is macroscopical strengthening tracks synoptic diagram of handling sample in the embodiment of the invention
Fig. 5 is the material surface pattern after the embodiment of the invention 1 laser treatment, visible macroscopic view cycle strengthening tracks figure
Fig. 6 is the synoptic diagram of the laser reinforcing system in the embodiment of the invention
Fig. 7 is the material surface pattern after the embodiment of the invention 2 laser treatment, visible macroscopic view cycle strengthening tracks figure
Fig. 8 is that the material cross-section two dimension micro-vickers hardness after the embodiment of the invention 2 laser treatment distributes, and the visible material surface has formed the periodicity Gradient distribution of stiffened region, zone of transition and matrix area.
Accompanying drawing indicates
1, input laser beam 2, beam expanding lens 3, binary optical inverting element
4, many laser beams of condenser lens 5, the output of conversion back
6, sample 7, hot spot
8, laser apparatus 9, industrial computer 10, robot
11, laser Machining head 12, photoelectric detector 13, photoconductive fiber
14, communication cable
Embodiment
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments the utility model is elaborated:
With reference to accompanying drawing 1, based on Dammann periodically the general method of phase grating principle design binary optical conversion element at first be optimized design with one-dimensional grating, make two-dimensional expansion at X and Y direction then.This method design is comparatively convenient, but is unfavorable for the raising of diffraction efficiency, more can't realize the design of random two-dimensional diffraction pattern.For simplified design, adopt two step etching methods to prepare the binary optical conversion element, at x and y direction uniform sampling, make the one-period unit form the grid type aperture, then the position of this element distributes mutually by the common decision of distribution mutually of the unitary position of each rectangular aperture, in design, be taken as 1 or 0 with each rectangular aperture is unitary, represent it to get the situation of two-value mutually with this.Utilize analytical Calculation can solve the structural parameter of little splitting ratio grating, and when splitting ratio M 〉=2, then must adopt optimization design.Manufacture craft is divided according to the difference that forms the step method, is divided into two kinds of technology approach of addition and subtraction again.What Fig. 1 represented is subtractive processes, claims that again etching method, present embodiment are exactly to adopt this method to form the surface relief profile phase bit-type optical element of two ledge structures shown in Figure 1 at substrate surface, and wherein bench height is 0-20um.
Embodiment 1
With reference to accompanying drawing 3, order is provided with a beam expanding lens 2 and condensing lens 4 on the light path of laser apparatus 8 output light, and between beam expanding lens 2 and condensing lens 4, add lastblock φ 50mm, can make light beam form the binary optical conversion element 3 of 3 * 3 dot matrix, optical conversion component 3 promptly shown in Figure 1.
With reference to attached Figure 4 and 5, be connected by photoconductive fiber 13 between laser apparatus 8 output terminals and the laser Machining head 11; Laser apparatus 8 is by communication cable 14 and laser Machining head 11 electrical couplings, and the motion of laser Machining head 11 is by industrial computer 9 controls, and photoelectric detector 12 is converted into the high level voltage signal with the optical signal that collects, input industrial computer 9.
The beam expanding lens 2 that the laser beam 1 that sends from laser apparatus 8 enters beam converter expands the bundle back and sees through optical conversion component 3 and form and have the rectangular light beam that dot matrix distributes; Form many laser beams 5 through condensing lens 4 on the focal plane again, it becomes the rectangle focal beam spot, and spot size is at 1～50mm
2, (as Fig. 2 a), the energy density distribution in the dot matrix on each point is identical, and power density is from 7～15J/mm by 3 * 3 formations for the light beam dot matrix in the hot spot
2Can also utilize this have the dot matrix cycle or non-period distribution characteristics laser machining device in, combine with the frame-type robot again, can realize that the position of binary optical conversion element in light path as shown in Figure 3 to material surface macroscopic view and microcosmic cycle or reinforcements non-period such as large moulds.In the surface strengthening process of material, the laser motion track can be realized by the relative movement of control robot system and Optical Maser System on the macroscopic view; As shown in Figure 5.On the microcosmic, can obtain the special strengthening effect of material surface by means of distributing dot matrix cycle of laser beam in each hot spot or non-period.
Embodiment 2
Present embodiment adopts the system of embodiment 1, different is to adopt 500W YAG pulsed laser 8 (peak power can reach 7KW), be installed in laser Machining head 11 and have (as Chinese patent publication number CN1215644 processing unit (plant)) in the five degree of freedom frame-type robot 10, laser parameter: pulsewidth 24ms, pulse repetition rate 4Hz; Employing can make light beam form the binary optical conversion element 3 of 3 * 3 dot matrix, adopts individual pulse, and waveform is a rectangle, spot size 1.25 * 1.25mm
2, the total energy density on the hot spot is 7.5J/mm
2, to 9 * 9 * 15mm
39 * 15m of spheroidal graphite cast iron sample 6
mLaser treatment is carried out on 2 surfaces, and the surface after the processing as shown in Figure 6.
The method of concrete material surface laser reinforcing may further comprise the steps:
(1) after system of processing starts, according to macroscopical machining locus database of the material surface of sample 6, adjust laser Machining head 11 to zero position, zero position is generally a seamed edge place of finished surface, first processing stand as shown in Figure 5, this zero position can be provided by take off data or CAD;
(2) signal that puts in place sends industrial computer 9 by robot 10 to from the I/O input aperture, industrial computer 9 sends bright dipping by communication cable 14 at once and instructs to laser apparatus 8, laser apparatus 8 output light 24ms, simultaneously, photoelectric detector 12 is converted into the high level voltage signal with the optical signal that collects, be input in the industrial computer 9 by optical fiber 13 and go, when industrial computer 9 receives the high level voltage signal, send the controller of stop instruction to robot itself, the stop motion of control robot (processing head), guarantee that this time period inner laser processing head 11 keeps static with respect to the processing stand position, form first processing spot;
(3) close laser apparatus and stop luminous moment, photoelectric detector 12 is converted into the low level voltage signal with the optical signal that collects, be transported in the industrial computer 9 and go, industrial computer 9 sends the control module of movement instruction to robot 10 by the I/O input aperture, instruction robot 10 setting in motions are transferred robot 10 with the motion of 6mm/s speed, motion 250ms, behind the miles of relative movement 1.5mm, arrive second Working position; Be 5mm/s if regulate the speed, then spacing distance is 0; Be 8mm/s if regulate the speed, can realize that then the cycle is spaced apart 0.75mm in macroscopical machining locus.
When mobile robot 10 moves to next processing stand, repeat above-mentioned steps.
What form between two adjacent spots 8 on macroscopical processing linear track like this, is spaced apart the poor of miles of relative movement and spot size, i.e. 1.5mm-1.25mm=0.25mm.Light beam is 24ms in the residence time of each processing (hot spot) position.Show that through wearability test (ring block abrasion tester, load 1500N, wearing-in period 8h, No. 20 oil lubricatings) the laser treatment face is be untreated 2.8 times (in processing layer 20 μ m) of face wear resistance.
Embodiment 3
The structure of present embodiment is with embodiment 1, and difference is that present embodiment adopts the space to be the binary optical conversion element that 7 * 7 dot matrix distribute, and is arranged in the device light path system of embodiment.Adopting mean power is the YAG laser apparatus 8 of 2000W, and these laser apparatus 8 parameters are: pulsewidth 80ms, pulse repetition rate 2Hz; Adopting waveform is the orthogonal monopulse, and spot size is 3 * 3mm
2, the energy density on the hot spot is 12.4J/mm
2, the speed during robot 10 motion is 50mm/s, is spaced apart 0.2mm between two continuous hot spots on macroscopical processing linear track, the residence time on each facula position is 80ms.Laser treatment is carried out on 9 * 15 surfaces of the spheroidal graphite cast iron sample 6 to 9 * 9 * 15, surface after the processing as shown in Figure 7, through wearability test (ring block abrasion tester, load 1500N, wearing-in period 60h, show that No. 20 oil lubricatings) the laser treatment face is be untreated 11.5 times (processing layer 100 μ m places) of face wear resistance.Laser surface intensified microhardness distribution such as Fig. 8 that handles on the back cross section (a hot spot scope).As seen, the zone that hardness is the highest has 7, and these a certain row (OK) with 7 * 7 dot matrix of light beam are corresponding.Therefore, the dot matrix of light beam distributes and has formed obvious periodic microcosmic strengthening tracks, makes material surface obtain excellent tough cooperation.
In the present embodiment, because the laser apparatus peak power is lower, for guaranteeing the strengthening layer degree of depth, the bright dipping time is 80ms (being determined by technological test), robot 10 is 50mm/s along given orbiting motion speed, run duration is 64ms, so just formed the interval (50mm/s * 64ms-3mm=0.20mm) of 0.2mm between two hot spots of macroscopic view on the cycle strengthening tracks.
In above embodiment, the binary optical conversion element that adds lastblock φ 50mm between beam expanding lens in the beam shaping system of laser apparatus and the condensing lens, the laser beam that sends from laser apparatus 8 enters beam converter has the dot matrix period profile through optical conversion component formation after beam expanding lens expands bundle rectangular light beam; Form the rectangle focal beam spot through condensing lens on the focal plane again, spot size is at 1～50mm
2, the light beam dot matrix in the hot spot constitutes (as Fig. 2) by 3 * 3,7 * 7,25 * 25 etc., and the energy density distribution in the dot matrix on each point is identical, and power density is from 7～15J/mm
2Compare the present invention and common prior art, adopting this laser reinforcing method to have does not increase the difficulty of technological process control, Controlling System still adopts original frame-type robot system or digital control system, the microcosmic strengthening tracks of strengthening process can realize by changing the binary optical conversion element simply that macroscopical strengthening tracks can require to realize by relative movement state and the speed of adjusting robot (processing head) and laser apparatus according to actual process.Both are be cycle or distribution non-period on macroscopic view and the microcosmic laser surface intensified in conjunction with the strengthening tracks that just can realize the large-scale workpiece surface easily.This invention can be applicable to pulse and continuous wave laser, yet the present invention never only limits to therewith.The foregoing description shows that also this invention also can transform the use that combines with other various light beams, thereby reaches desired strengthening effect.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of strengthening tracks and distribute material surface laser reinforcing system controlled comprises: laser apparatus, beam expanding lens and condenser lens, laser Machining head, photoconductive fiber, photoelectric detector and industrial computer; Wherein on the output light path of laser apparatus beam expanding lens and condenser lens are set in order; Laser output is through being connected on the laser Machining head with photoconductive fiber, and photoelectric detector is converted into the high level voltage signal with the optical signal that collects, the input industrial computer; It is characterized in that: also comprise a binary optical conversion element based on the development of Darman raster principle, this binary optical conversion element is arranged between beam expanding lens and the condenser lens; Described binary optical conversion element is the phase element with 2 ledge structures that adopts etching method to prepare on optical glass substrate, wherein bench height is 0-20um.
2, the method strengthened of a kind of application rights material surface laser reinforcing system of requiring 1 described strengthening tracks and distributing controlled is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) according to the machining locus data of setting up based on the material surface outline shape, laser Machining head is placed the initial manufacture position, start laser apparatus output laser, the period profile of strengthening tracks is that the interval degree realizes between 2 hot spots in front and back by adjusting on the macroscopic view, wherein be spaced apart 0～1mm between the hot spot, hot spot zone of action length is 1～10mm; The interval degree is adjusted by the size of adjusting the speed of relative movement v between laser Machining head and the material surface between the described hot spot;
(2) simultaneously, the optical signal that collects is converted into the high level voltage signal, when industrial computer receives the high level voltage signal, sends stop instruction, make the laser Machining head stop motion to controller by photoelectric detector;
(3) unit of process predetermined design is after the processing period, close laser apparatus, photoelectric detector is converted into the low level voltage signal with the optical signal that collects, be transported in the industrial computer and go, when industrial computer receives the low level voltage signal, send movement instruction to controller, instruction laser Machining head setting in motion, and move on the next processing stand position;
(4) repeat above-mentioned steps, till treating that the strengthening region is all finished;
3,, it is characterized in that the unit processing period of described step (3) is at least a pulse width by the described application strengthening tracks of claim 2 and the method that distributes material surface laser reinforcing system controlled and strengthen.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200410008477 CN1240853C (en) | 2003-03-28 | 2004-03-12 | Method and system for fortifying trance and distribution controllable material surface laser fortificating |
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| CN03121463.0 | 2003-03-28 | ||
| CN03121463 | 2003-03-28 | ||
| CN 200410008477 CN1240853C (en) | 2003-03-28 | 2004-03-12 | Method and system for fortifying trance and distribution controllable material surface laser fortificating |
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| CN1534099A CN1534099A (en) | 2004-10-06 |
| CN1240853C true CN1240853C (en) | 2006-02-08 |
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101845539B (en) * | 2010-05-24 | 2013-06-19 | 浙江工业大学 | Method for strengthening edges of tool and die based on laser transformation hardening |
| CN106521101A (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2017-03-22 | 深圳领威科技有限公司 | Method for promoting depression resistance of template surface and template surface strengthening equipment |
| CN106844912B (en) * | 2017-01-06 | 2020-07-24 | 南京越博动力系统股份有限公司 | Mechanism kinematic pair wear simulation method based on grid deformation technology |
| CN112501425B (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-08-27 | 山东大学 | Laser surface strengthening method with inverse Gaussian distribution shock wave intensity |
| CN113930607B (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2023-01-31 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Self-adaptive distributed laser shock peening processing system and method |
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