CN1238874C - Pressure-sensitive silver-base composite ceramic as electrical contact material - Google Patents

Pressure-sensitive silver-base composite ceramic as electrical contact material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1238874C
CN1238874C CN 03138995 CN03138995A CN1238874C CN 1238874 C CN1238874 C CN 1238874C CN 03138995 CN03138995 CN 03138995 CN 03138995 A CN03138995 A CN 03138995A CN 1238874 C CN1238874 C CN 1238874C
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China
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pressure
composite ceramics
sensitive composite
contact material
silver
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CN 03138995
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CN1487544A (en
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陈延学
王成建
梅良模
栾开政
阎景贤
徐荣历
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Shandong University
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Shandong University
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Abstract

The present invention relates to an electric contact material of pressure-sensitive silver-based composite ceramic, which belongs to the technical field of a contact head material in electric apparatuses with medium voltage and low voltage. The material comprises the compositions by the weight percentage: 80 to 95% of silver, 1 to 15% of pressure-sensitive composite ceramic and 0.5 to 5% of metal and metal oxide. The material of the present invention has the advantages of low specific resistance, good heat conductivity, good electric conductivity, strong electric ablation resisting capability, strong fusion welding resisting capability, good mechanical working quality, no toxicity, etc. and can be prepared into thread materials, sheet materials and bar materials without the need of inner oxidation; production cost is reduced, and the working quality of the material is superior to that of an Ag/SnO2 material.

Description

The pressure-sensitive composite ceramics contact material of money base
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to the pressure-sensitive composite ceramics contact material of a kind of money base, belong to the contact material technical field in the mesolow electrical equipment.
(2) background technology
In the prior art, the electric contacts manufactured materials of mesolow electrical equipment employing mainly is a silver-based electric contact material.This is that not oxidation under atmospheric conditions can keep low and stable character such as contact resistance because silver has high conductivity, high-termal conductivity and favorable mechanical processability.But fine silver contact material hardness is low, easily melting welding, and under the DC operation condition, the material transfer tendency is serious, therefore need add other element in silver or compound improves its performance.Silver-based electric contact material mainly contains silver-metallic oxide, money base pseudo-alloy, silver-base alloy three major types at present.Wherein silver-metallic oxide is optimal material, and typical material is Ag/CdO, and it once was used for mesolow electrical equipment for a long time as contact material.But cadmium metal steam has toxicity, in making and using environment is caused severe contamination, and this traditional contact material progressively is eliminated.People have developed Ag/SnO in succession in recent years 2, novel silver based contact material such as Ag/ rare earth alloy.From present research and practice situation, Ag/SnO 2Material has the electrical property suitable with the Ag/CdO material, is the leading products that substitute the Ag/CdO material.But SnO 2Adding make the dispersion hardening that material production is very strong, particularly in the cold working process in later stage, work hardening is obvious, elongation reduces, and has reduced the rate of finished products of contact, this has brought very big difficulty to large-scale production and application.
(3) summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiency that silver-based electric contact material at present commonly used exists, proposed that a kind of resistivity is low, heat-conductivity conducting is good, anti-electricity is ablated and the pressure-sensitive composite ceramics contact material of anti-melting welding ability money base strong, that machining property is good.
Composited contact material component of the present invention following (all being weight percentage, down together):
Silver 80-95%
Pressure-sensitive composite ceramics 1-15%
One of metal Ni, Fe or its combination
Or/and metal oxide 0.5-5%.
Above-mentioned pressure-sensitive composite ceramics is a kind of composite ceramics compound, and its chemical molecular formula is: (ZnO) 1-x-y-z(ReO) x(TO) y(MO) z, wherein:
ZnO is the main body composition of ceramic compound, 0.85≤1-x-y-z≤0.96;
ReO is La 2O 3, Pr 6O 11, Sm 2O 3, Eu 2O 3, Y 2O 3A kind of or its combination of rare earth oxide, 0.001≤x≤0.05;
TO is Co 2O 3, MnO 2, Cr 2O 3, CuO, TiO 2A kind of or its combination of transition metal oxide, 0.002≤y≤0.05;
MO is Sb 2O 3, BaO, Bi 2O 3, Al 2O 3A kind of or its combination of metal oxide, 0.005≤z≤0.1.
The various oxides of needs are mixed by chemistry or physical method, utilize the synthetic pressure-sensitive composite ceramics of high temperature solid state reaction of this area routine, promptly at high temperature sintering carries out combination reaction and generates pressure-sensitive composite ceramics compound.
Metal oxide in the composited contact material component of the present invention is Ni, In, Bi, Cu, Mo, one of oxide of W or its combination.
The best proportioning of the pressure-sensitive composite ceramics contact material of money base of the present invention is: silver 90%, pressure-sensitive composite ceramics 8%, metal Ni 1%, metal oxide In 2O 30.6% and MoO 30.4%, wherein pressure-sensitive composite ceramics composition is: (ZnO) 0.9(La 2O 3) 0.035(Pr 6O 11) 0.01(Co 2O 3) 0.018(MnO 2) 0.012(Bi 2O 3) 0.015(Sb 2O 3) 0.01
The raw material that takes by weighing suitable component as required carries out mechanical crushing and mixed powder; Utilize the method for powder metallurgy or hot extrusion to be processed into the pressure-sensitive composite ceramics contact material of money base of a material, sheet material, bar in mixture.
The present invention adopts pressure-sensitive composite ceramics as main additive, utilize characteristics such as the good temperature stability of pressure-sensitive composite ceramics, surge earial drainage, it is low to make the contact material that makes have resistivity, heat conduction, good conductivity, advantages such as anti-electricity ablation and anti-melting welding ability are strong, and machining property is good.Not only brought into play composite ceramics fusing point and decomposition temperature height, hardness is big, and not labile characteristic under arcing has reduced the welding tendency of contact; Also brought into play the surge earial drainage characteristic of voltage-sensitive ceramic, strengthened the arc extinguishing ability of contact, shortened the arcing time, reduced the electricity of contact and ablated and temperature rise.Adding an amount of transition metal Ni, Fe etc. can crystal grain thinning, makes the microscopic structure particle dispersion even, and the material that makes has higher density and lower resistivity.NiO, In 2O 3Interpolation can reinforcing material anti-melting welding ability and anti-ablation ability.Bi, Cu, Mo, W metal oxide have lower fusing point, can absorb arcing energy, and can improve the wettability of pressure-sensitive composite ceramics and silver, further improve the anti-electric ablation ability and the temperature characterisitic of contact, prolong contact useful life.
The contact material resistivity of the present invention's preparation is low, heat conduction, good conductivity, and contact resistance is little and stable, has excellent anti-electricity and ablates and anti-melting welding ability.Can utilize powder metallurgy or hot extrusion technique to be prepared into a material, sheet material, bar, not need interior oxidation, reduce manufacturing procedure and energy consumption, reduce production cost.The machining property of this material is better than Ag/SnO in addition 2Material has reduced the production difficulty.
Electrical performance test shows that contact material of the present invention has excellent electric performance under the medium load, can with Ag/CdO and Ag/SnO 2Material is comparable.Because contact material of the present invention is nontoxic, processing characteristics is good, and technological process is simple, thereby can in very large range substitute existing Ag/CdO and Ag/SnO 2Contact material.
(4) embodiment
Embodiment 1:
By weight percentage, the composition of the pressure-sensitive composite ceramics contact material of money base is: silver 90%, pressure-sensitive composite ceramics 8%, metal Ni 1%, metal oxide In 2O 30.6% and MoO 30.4%.Wherein the composition of pressure-sensitive composite ceramics is: (ZnO) 0.9(La 2O 3) 0.035(Pr 6O 11) 0.01(Co 2O 3) 0.018(MnO 2) 0.012(Bi 2O 3) 0.015(Sb 2O 3) 0.01
Above-mentioned each component materials powder is even through mechanical mix grinding, first molded and 600 ℃ of annealing, put into heat extruder after multiple the pressure, be squeezed into φ 6 bars, be drawn into a material, make the contact of all size according to a conventional method.At alternating current 220V, 25A, closing force 100g, disjunction power 75g, make-to-break ratio 1: 1, result of performance test under the condition that contact frequency is 90 times/minute is tested closed number of times and is reached 130,000 times.At direct current 24V, 20A, closing force 100g, disjunction power 75g, make-to-break ratio 1: 1, result of performance test under the condition that contact frequency is 90 times/minute is tested closed number of times and is reached 110,000 times.
Embodiment 2:
By weight percentage, the composition of the pressure-sensitive composite ceramics contact material of money base is: silver 90%, pressure-sensitive composite ceramics 8%, metal Ni 1%, metal oxide CuO 0.3%, NiO 0.5% and MoO 30.2%.Wherein the composition of pressure-sensitive composite ceramics is:
(ZnO) 0.9(La 2O 3) 0.01(Y 2O 3) 0.01(Co 2O 3) 0.015(MnO 2) 0.01(TiO 2) 0.005(Bi 2O 3) 0.02(Sb 2O 3) 0.03。
The preparation of material and processing method and performance test condition are with embodiment 1, and result of the test is that the closed number of times of ac test reaches 11.5 ten thousand times, and the closed number of times of DC experiment reaches 10.5 ten thousand times.
Embodiment 3:
By weight percentage, the composition of the pressure-sensitive composite ceramics contact material of money base is: silver 90%, pressure-sensitive composite ceramics 6%, metal Ni 2%, metal oxide In 2O 31%, Bi 2O 30.6% and MoO 30.4%.Wherein the composition of pressure-sensitive composite ceramics is:
(ZnO) 0.9(La 2O 3) 0.01(Sm 2O 3) 0.01(Eu 2O 3) 0.005(Co 2O 3) 0.018(TiO 2) 0.012(Bi 2O 3) 0.015(Sb 2O 3) 0.03。
The preparation of material and processing method and performance test condition are with embodiment 1, and result of the test is that the closed number of times of ac test reaches 10.5 ten thousand times, and the closed number of times of DC experiment reaches 100,000 times.
Embodiment 4:
By weight percentage, the composition of the pressure-sensitive composite ceramics contact material of money base is: silver 88%, pressure-sensitive composite ceramics 8%, metal Ni 1% and Fe 1%, metal oxide NiO 1%, CuO 0.4% and WO 30.6%.Wherein the composition of pressure-sensitive composite ceramics is:
(ZnO) 0.92(Pr 6O 11) 0.01(Y 2O 3) 0.005(Co 2O 3) 0.02(Cr 2O 3) 0.01(BaO) 0.005(Sb 2O 3) 0.02(Al 2O 3) 0.01。
The preparation of material and processing method and performance test condition are with embodiment 1.The closed number of times of ac test reaches 110,000 times; The closed number of times of DC experiment reaches 100,000 times.
Embodiment 5:
By weight percentage, the composition of the pressure-sensitive composite ceramics contact material of money base is: silver 92%, pressure-sensitive composite ceramics 5%, metal Fe 2%, metal oxide NiO 0.5% and WO 30.5%.Wherein the composition of pressure-sensitive composite ceramics is: (ZnO) 0.93(La 2O 3) 0.005(Y 2O 3) 0.005(Co 2O 3) 0.01(MnO 2) 0.01(CuO) 0.005(Bi 2O 3) 0.015(Sb 2O 3) 0.02
The preparation of material and processing method and performance test condition are with embodiment 1.The closed number of times of ac test reaches 9.5 ten thousand times; The closed number of times of DC experiment reaches 90,000 times.
Embodiment 6:
By weight percentage, the composition of the pressure-sensitive composite ceramics contact material of money base is: silver 94%, pressure-sensitive composite ceramics 4%, metal Ni 1%, metal oxide In 2O 30.6% and WO 30.4%.Wherein the composition of pressure-sensitive composite ceramics is: (ZnO) 0.87(La 2O 3) 0.015(Co 2O 3) 0.02(MnO 2) 0.01(Cr 2O 3) 0.01(Bi 2O 3) 0.025(Sb 2O 3) 0.04(Al 2O 3) 0.01
The preparation of material and processing method and performance test condition are with embodiment 1.The closed number of times of ac test reaches 100,000 times; The closed number of times of DC experiment reaches 8.5 ten thousand times.
Embodiment 7:
By weight percentage, the composition of the pressure-sensitive composite ceramics contact material of money base is: silver 90%, pressure-sensitive composite ceramics 8%, metal Fe 1%, metal oxide CuO 0.3%, In 2O 30.5% and WO 30.2%.Wherein the composition of pressure-sensitive composite ceramics is: (ZnO) 0.91(La 2O 3) 0.005(Co 2O 3) 0.025(Cr 2O 3) 0.005(TiO 2) 0.005(Bi 2O 3) 0.02(Sb 2O 3) 0.03
The preparation of material and processing method and performance test condition are with embodiment 1.The closed number of times of ac test reaches 90,000 times; The closed number of times of DC experiment reaches 8.5 ten thousand times.
Embodiment 8: as described in embodiment 1, different is that the composition (by weight percentage) of the pressure-sensitive composite ceramics contact material of money base is: silver 91%, pressure-sensitive composite ceramics 6.5%, metal Ni 1.5%, metal oxide NiO 0.8% and MoO 30.2%.
Embodiment 9: as described in embodiment 2, different is that the composition (by weight percentage) of the pressure-sensitive composite ceramics contact material of money base is: silver 87%, and pressure-sensitive composite ceramics 9%, metal Ni 1.5%, Fe 1.5%, metal oxide NiO0.5% and MoO 30.5%.
Embodiment 10: as described in embodiment 3, different is that the composition (by weight percentage) of the pressure-sensitive composite ceramics contact material of money base is: silver 93%, pressure-sensitive composite ceramics 5%, metal Ni 1%, metal oxide In 2O 30.5%, Bi 2O 30.3% and MoO 30.2%.
Embodiment 11: as described in embodiment 4, different is that the composition (by weight percentage) of the pressure-sensitive composite ceramics contact material of money base is: silver 90%, pressure-sensitive composite ceramics 7%, metal Ni 0.5% and Fe 1%, metal oxide NiO0.8%, CuO 0.3% and WO 30.4%.
Embodiment 12: as described in embodiment 1, different is that the composition (by weight percentage) of the pressure-sensitive composite ceramics contact material of money base is: silver 80%, pressure-sensitive composite ceramics 15%, metal Ni 3.5%, metal oxide NiO 1% and MoO 30.5%.
Embodiment 13: as described in embodiment 1, different is that the composition (by weight percentage) of the pressure-sensitive composite ceramics contact material of money base is: silver 95%, pressure-sensitive composite ceramics 3%, metal Ni 1%, metal oxide NiO 0.8% and MoO 30.2%.
Embodiment 14: as described in embodiment 1, different is, the consisting of of pressure-sensitive composite ceramics:
(ZnO) 0.9(La 2O 3) 0.01(Y 2O 3) 0.01(Co 2O 3) 0.015(MnO 2) 0.01(TiO 2) 0.005(Bi 2O 3) 0.02(Sb 2O 3) 0.03。
Embodiment 15: as described in embodiment 1, different is, the consisting of of pressure-sensitive composite ceramics:
(ZnO) 0.9(La 2O 3) 0.01(Sm 2O 3) 0.01(Eu 2O 3) 0.005(Co 2O 3) 0.018(TiO 2) 0.012(Bi 2O 3) 0.015(Sb 2O 3) 0.03。
Embodiment 16: as described in embodiment 1, different is, the consisting of of pressure-sensitive composite ceramics:
(ZnO) 0.92(Pr 6O 11) 0.01(Y 2O 3) 0.005(Co 2O 3) 0.02(Cr 2O 3) 0.01(BaO) 0.005(Sb 2O 3) 0.02(Al 2O 3) 0.01。
With the pressure-sensitive composite ceramics contact material of money base that the method in the foregoing description is made, be processed into contact after, its density can reach 9.6～9.8g/cm 3, resistivity 2.1～2.7 μ Ω cm.

Claims (3)

1. the pressure-sensitive composite ceramics contact material of money base is characterized in that, and is composed as follows, percentage by weight:
Silver 80-95%,
Pressure-sensitive composite ceramics 1-15%,
One of metal Ni, Fe or its combination
Or/and metal oxide 0.5-5%.
2. the pressure-sensitive composite ceramics contact material of money base according to claim 1 is characterized in that described pressure-sensitive composite ceramics is a kind of composite ceramics compound, and its chemical molecular formula is: (ZnO) 1-x-y-z(ReO) x(TO) y(MO) z, wherein:
ZnO is the main body composition of ceramic compound, 0.85≤1-x-y-z≤0.96;
ReO is La 2O 3, Pr 6O 11, Sm 2O 3, Eu 2O 3, Y 2O 3A kind of or its combination of rare earth oxide, 0.001≤x≤0.05;
TO is Co 2O 3, MnO 2, Cr 2O 3, CuO, TiO 2A kind of or its combination of transition metal oxide, 0.002≤y≤0.05;
MO is Sb 2O 3, BaO, Bi 2O 3, Al 2O 3A kind of or its combination of metal oxide, 0.005≤z≤0.1; The various oxides of needs are mixed by chemistry or physical method, utilize the synthetic pressure-sensitive composite ceramics of high temperature solid state reaction of this area routine.
3. the pressure-sensitive composite ceramics contact material of money base according to claim 1 is characterized in that described metal oxide is Ni, In, Bi, Cu, Mo, one of oxide of W or its combination.
CN 03138995 2003-08-12 2003-08-12 Pressure-sensitive silver-base composite ceramic as electrical contact material Expired - Fee Related CN1238874C (en)

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CN102044347B (en) * 2011-01-26 2013-02-13 浙江乐银合金有限公司 Preparation method and products of silver-copper-nickel-ceramic alloy contact material with high welding resistance
CN102290261B (en) * 2011-05-27 2014-04-09 张树堂 Silver copper based metal oxide electrical contact material containing adding elements and preparation method thereof

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