CN1236486A - Electroluminescent device made of organic material - Google Patents
Electroluminescent device made of organic material Download PDFInfo
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- CN1236486A CN1236486A CN97199548A CN97199548A CN1236486A CN 1236486 A CN1236486 A CN 1236486A CN 97199548 A CN97199548 A CN 97199548A CN 97199548 A CN97199548 A CN 97199548A CN 1236486 A CN1236486 A CN 1236486A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/14—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the electroluminescent material, or by the simultaneous addition of the electroluminescent material in or onto the light source
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/22—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of auxiliary dielectric or reflective layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
Abstract
This invention concerns an electroluminescent device, the electroluminescence spectrum of which does not overlap with the absorption spectrum, which contains two or more organic layers between two electrodes. This device is characterized by the fact that a) two neighboring organic layers each have an optical band gap of at least 2.5 eV, and b) the wave length (lambda max corresponding to an energy Emax), at which the electroluminescence reaches a maximum, lies in the range which corresponds to the energy difference DELTA E (ionization potential of the first organic layer minus electron affinity of the second organic layer), Emax being less than or equal to 2.5 eV.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of lamellar field electroluminescent devices, wherein its electroluminescent spectrum and absorption spectrum are not overlapping.
To being used for illumination, the plane in display element and the Screen Technology, large-area light source have very big demand.At present, the technology that has adopted in this application does not have a kind of being entirely satisfactory.
As traditional display element and illumination component, as incandescent lamp, the substitute of gaseous discharge lamp and non-self luminous liquid crystal display cells was grown up in recent years based on electroluminescent (EL) device of organic electroluminescent material.
Electroluminescent is meant that some material can apply the phenomenon that electric field issues bright dipping.The physical model of describing this effect is based on that electronics and electron vacancy (so-called hole) are compound sends radiation simultaneously.
Employed organic electroluminescent material both can be that low molecular weight compound is (for example, referring to C.W.Tang etc., Applied Physics communication (Appl.Phys.Lett) 1987,51,913; EP-A0120673; US-S 4,720,432 and EP-A0278757) also can be polymer (for example referring to R.H.Friend etc., nature (Nature) 1990,347,539; WO-A90/13148).
Organic electroluminescence device comprises one deck organic field luminescence layer at least between negative electrode and anode.But, between two electrodes, comprise two or the device known already (for example, referring to C.W.Tang etc., Appl.Phys.Lett, 1987,51,913) of more multi-layered organic layer.
Though use these devices to reach result preferably, the development of electroluminescence device can be considered to anything but and will stop, for the broad space of further developing of this device.
Therefore, the objective of the invention is to develop electroluminescence device with improvement performance.Should pay special attention to improve the performance steady in a long-term under service condition, promptly particularly have under the situation of daylight.
Have been found that now contain two or the electroluminescence device of more multi-layered organic layer in, by to organic material and the suitably selection targetedly of layer structure, the uncoupling of can be absorbed spectrum and emission spectrum.This means between absorbed and electroluminescent, no longer include overlapping.This can be used to protect organic electroluminescence device and be avoided light absorption, needn't be cost to lose electroluminescent efficient (but being so at present) simultaneously.
According to existing technology, have two kinds of effects can cause absorbing and launch between strong gamut.A kind ofly be, by forming excimer in solid, emission band can be to low-yield displacement, promptly to long wavelength shifted (referring to, as, J.Huber etc., polymer journal (Acta Polymer.), 1994,45,224).The major defect of this method is that efficient is low, and luminous general of excimer takes place with low quantum yield.The another kind of method of using is to form a kind of special geometry arrangement by little resonator in device, and little resonator can amplify a certain section of total emission band and suppress other emitting area simultaneously.By selecting suitable boundary conditions, this can cause significantly to the long-wave band skew (reference, for example, H.F.Wittmann etc., material progress (Adv.Mater.), 1995,7,541; Dodabalapur etc., Appl.Phys.Lett, 1994,18,2308; Tsutsui etc., synthetic metal (Synth.Metals) 1995,71,2001).But, use little resonator can only be at the regional intrinsic displacement emission wavelength of luminescent spectrum.Thus, to have the uncoupling of stronger absorption and emission and the electroluminescent assembly of greater efficiency is arranged for preparation all be not satisfied to two kinds of methods.
Therefore, the invention provides a kind of electroluminescence device, its electroluminescent spectrum is not overlapping with absorption spectrum, and it comprises two or more multi-layered organic layer between two electrodes, wherein a) adjacent two organic layers have the optical band gap of 2.5eV at least respectively, the wavelength (λ when b) electroluminescent shows maximum
MaxCorresponding to ENERGY E
Max) in zone corresponding to energy difference Δ E (ionic potential of first organic layer deducts the electron affinity energy of second organic layer), while E
MaxBe less than or equal 2.5eV.
Device of the present invention can make electroluminescent color regulate easily in the scope of broad, although used the organic material that does not have absorption or little or nothing to absorb in visible wavelength region.
Especially, device of the present invention can be eliminated the shortcoming of employed all substances so far, and promptly these materials can degraded under the illumination in the absorbing wavelength zone in air.For the polymer that the typical case uses, this is at for example M.Yan etc., physical comment communication (Phys.Rev.Lett.) 1994,73,744 and T.Zyung etc., and Appl.Phys, Lett.1995 has description in 67,3420.This effect is for low molecular weight dyes, for example in the book of teaching of organic photochemistry (as, M.Klessinger, J.Michl, the excitation state of organic molecule and photochemistry (Excited States andPhotochemistry of Organic Molecules), 1995, VCH, Weinheim; N.J.Turro, organic molecule photochemistry (Photochemistry of Organic Molecules), 1974, ACS) bibliographical information is arranged also.This sensitiveness of organic material and polymeric material causes in the storage of device and the stability decreases aspect useful life.
Although because the displacement known to having, wavelength luminous and that absorb is generally overlapped, so the life-span of device also fails to increase by the cut-off filter that adds the light that absorbs the absorption region so far.This filter will absorb very most electroluminescent, and this will cause the decline of efficient.
By contrast, for apparatus of the present invention, add filter and do not produce any problem, promptly Zhuan Zhi efficient does not suffer damage thus.
Another advantage of apparatus of the present invention is, in common organic and polymer electroluminescence device, because emission light and absorption portion are overlapping, the required electroluminescent of a part is absorbed in construction unit, and this has reduced efficient and useful life.This can almost entirely be avoided with device of the present invention.
For the present invention, absorb and electroluminescent spectrum do not have overlapping mean the infall of standardized absorption and electroluminescent spectrum and in all overlapping regions intensity≤0.05, preferred≤0.02, especially preferably≤0.01.
Standardization is meant all values of being designated as 1 of long wavelength's absorption maximum and electroluminescent maximum.
In Fig. 1, illustrate a preferred embodiment of apparatus of the present invention.
Therefore device of the present invention contains heterogeneous p-n junction.
When applying voltage, positive charge (hole) is injected into first organic layer 2 from anode 1.Equally, electronics is injected into into second organic layer 3 from negative electrode 4.
According to existing technology, luminous compound (electroluminescent) overwhelming majority or even only occur in an organic layer or the luminescent layer between electronics and hole transporting layer.Therefore electroluminescent spectrum corresponds essentially to the spectrum (reference, for example, above-cited list of references) of institute's materials used.
Yet, according to the present invention,, consider parameter especially by combination targetedly to institute's use organic material, electron affinity energy and ionization potential, and the thickness of each layer have been guaranteed the generation that the interface is luminous.
For the present invention, the luminous electroluminescent spectrum of the device of sandwich construction that is meant in interface is different from single electroluminescent spectrum of planting material, particularly, the zone of difference is (preferred ± as 0.2eV) maximum to be arranged between the electron affinity energy (EA) of the ionization potential (IP) of HTL and ETL.
This can make an explanation with following model: the electron motion that is injected into ETL into from negative electrode is to the interface, there it and carry out compoundly from the hole that anode is injected into HTL, send radiation thus.The energy of radiation (E) approximately equal is in the difference of the electron affinity energy (EA) of the ionization potential (IP) of HTL and ETL.As a result, the color that obtains does not depend on single difference of planting two energy values of material, but depends on the combination of two kinds of materials.
What should emphasize is that the authenticity of this model is unessential to the present invention itself.
The luminous former example in some interfaces is known from document, with reference to M.Berggren etc., commercial Application physics (I.Appl.Phys.) 1994,76,7530 and T.Zyung etc., molecular crystal liquid crystal (Mol.Cryst.Liq.Cryst.) 1996,280,357, but the importance aspect practical application also is not familiar with.
According to the present invention, select two kinds of organic materials, make the electroluminescent maximum of the luminous generation in interface (have wavelength X
MaxWith corresponding ENERGY E
Max, it is at IP
HTLAnd EA
ETLBetween the zone (preferred ± 0.2eV) in) of energy difference have ENERGY E
Max≤ 2.5eV, preferred≤2.3eV, especially preferably≤2.2eV.Preferred E
MaxIn the scope of about 1.2eV～about 2.5eV.
Equally, each all must have the optical band gap of 2.5eV (Δ E=IP-EA) at least the organic material that the present invention uses, preferred 2.7eV, preferred especially 2.9eV.Preferably, optical band gap is in the scope of about 2.5eV～about 4.0eV.
The material that is suitable as the ETL of apparatus of the present invention or HTL in a large number can be understood (referring to, for example, above-cited document) basically from document.
The material that is suitable as hole transporting layer for example has:
A) the triarylamine derivative (referring to, for example, Baessler etc., Adv.Mater.1995,7,551).
B) the PPV polymer that replaces of unsubstituted or dialkoxy, (referring to, for example, WO90/13148).
The material that is suitable as electron supplying layer for example has:
A) the oxadiazole derivative (referring to, for example, Baessler etc., Adv.Mater.1995,7,551).
B) the PPV polymer that replaces of cyano group (referring to, for example, WO94/29883).
Some above-mentioned materials are that the method that can buy on the market or they can be used in list of references of quoting or the document of wherein quoting prepares.
The associated materials parameter of various materials, electron affinity energy and ionization potential all can be known maybe the known method that can be familiar with those skilled in the art with simply from document, experiment in advance commonly used is measured, for example with cyclic voltammetry or photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS, XPS).
Usually each organic layer has the thickness of 10～200nm, preferred 20～200nm, preferred especially 30～150nm.
Luminous in order to obtain the interface, generally need to change at least the wherein thickness of an organic layer.This can carry out with standard mode, for example, and by changing steam sedimentary condition (when using vacuum deposition method) or rotation coated conditions (when using solvent technology).
Also can determine the appropriate configuration of device in principle in theory, but will optimize the structure of given combination of materials more simply usually with routine test (for example by changing the thickness of each layer).Reason is general desired physical parameter, as injecting impedance, too difficult mensuration.
Usually, the similar of EL device of the present invention is in known two-layer or multi-layered devices, as at US-A4,539,507 and US-A5,151,629 and Fig. 1 in describe.
One of two electrodes are at first used known method, for example use the physical vapor deposition method, atomization, and chemical deposition, spray pyrolysis or sol-gel process, it is one suitable to be coated in, preferably on the transparent base as glass or PET.For there being machine electrode also can use typical organic coat technology, apply as rotation.Then, coat two or more multi-layered organic layer, preferred one of the method that describes below of using is coated another electrode at last.
Material as negative electrode can be as a kind of metal or metal alloy such as Ca, Sm, Yb, Mg, Al, In or Mg/Al.Suitable anode material for example is a metal, as Au, and other metallic conduction material, as ITO or tin ash, or conducting polymer such as polyaniline.At least one electrode must be transparent or semitransparent.
Organic layer can be used conventional painting method, as vapor deposition techniques, and solvent method (applying dip-coating or flow coat method as rotation) or other method (as Langmuir-Blodgett technology or chemisorbed).
Except two organic layers essential to the invention, apparatus of the present invention can comprise that in addition electric charge injects and/or charge transport layer.
Device should seal to avoid the influence of environment, as water or air, for example by at last with the aluminium lamination vapor deposition on metallic cathode.
Apparatus of the present invention comprise the device that applies the external voltage that produces electric field in addition, for example use battery.
In a preferred embodiment, the inventive system comprises a filter, this filter filters the radiation in the absorption region of institute's use organic material.The filter that is fit to has commercial UV/Vis filter (film).
Electroluminescence device is for example as self luminous display element (as control lamp, alphanumeric display, annunciator) and use in photoelectrical coupler.
Therefore the present invention also relates to EL device of the present invention in self illuminated display element or the application in photoelectrical coupler.
The present invention provides a kind of method of producing electroluminescence device in addition, and wherein absorption spectrum and electroluminescent spectrum are not overlapping, and it comprises:
A) with two or more multi-layered organic layer and electrode is applied on the electrode,
B) will have each layer that the material of 2.5eV band gap at least is used for two adjacent organic layers,
C) suitable material and layer thickness combination are made that the generation interface is luminous when applying voltage,
D) select two kinds of materials, make the luminous maximum in interface in wavelength X
MaxThe place, λ
MaxCorresponding ENERGY E
Max≤ 2.5eV.
E) if necessary, be provided with a filter in the organic layer absorption region in the device.
The various documents of quoting in this application are for example in order to illustrate technical field of the present invention, and all these documents all are incorporated herein by reference.
The content of German patent application 19646119.7 (the application requires its priority) and the application's summary also is introduced into the application for your guidance at this.
Following embodiment will set forth the present invention but it will be limited.Embodiment: embodiment 1: device 1
Use has the device of following structure:
ITO//compound 1 (bed thickness 38nm) // compound 2 (bed thickness 45nm) ∥ Sm.
Compound 1
Compound 2
Compound is as synthesizing of describing in EP-A-0676461.
Install by following preparation: compound 1 rotation painting method with 2000rpm from the 10mg/ml chlorobenzene solution is coated onto the ITO (on glass) that cleans in advance.Compound 2 and negative electrode apply by vacuum sublimation.Current-voltage curve is presented among Fig. 2.Crucial potential energy value is measured by electrochemical measurement: compound 1 (IP1=5.0eV; EA1＜2.0eV), compound 2 (IP2=5.9eV; EA2=2.5eV).The luminescence generated by light maximum of two kinds of compounds is respectively 3.1eV (compound 1) and 3.3eV (compound 2).By contrast, the electroluminescent maximum of the device of preparation moves to the long wavelength significantly in this way: 2.5eV.Embodiment 2:
Use has the device of following structure:
ITO//compound 1 (bed thickness 38nm) // compound 3 (bed thickness 39nm) //Mg-Al alloy (3/97).
Compound 1
Compound 3
Install by following preparation: compound 1 rotation by 2000rpm from the 10mg/ml chlorobenzene solution is coated onto on the ITO that cleans in advance.Compound 3 and negative electrode apply by vacuum sublimation.Current-voltage curve is presented among Fig. 3.Determine crucial potential energy value by electrochemical measurement: compound 1 (IP1=5.0eV; EA1＜2.0eV), compound 3 (IP2＞6.0eV; EA2=3.3eV).The luminescence generated by light maximum of two kinds of compounds is 3.1eV (compound 1) and 3.0eV (compound 2).By contrast, the electroluminescent maximum of the device of preparation moves to the long wavelength significantly in this way: 1.8eV.Embodiment 3:
Device among the embodiment 1 is provided with a UV/VIS absorbing membrane, and its complete absorbing light wavelength is less than the light (transmissivity＜0.01%) of 450nm.
This device stores in sight.Functional test display unit after seven days does not almost change, as just made the back at it.Under the contrast, to efficient decline significantly after 7 days of the unprotected comparison device of light.Embodiment 4:
Be similar to embodiment 3, but use device and the film of complete absorbing wavelength among the embodiment 2 less than the light of 500nm.Result: be similar to example 3.
Claims (10)
1. electroluminescence device, its electroluminescent spectrum and absorption spectrum are not overlapping, and it comprises two or more multi-layered organic layer between two electrodes, wherein
A) two adjacent organic layers respectively have the optical band gap of 2.5eV at least,
Wavelength (λ when b) electroluminescent reaches maximum
MaxCorresponding to ENERGY E
Max) in zone corresponding to energy difference Δ E (ionization potential of first organic layer deducts the electron affinity energy of second organic layer), while E
MaxBe less than or equal 2.5eV.
2. the electroluminescence device of claim 1, it comprises the filter that is used for the electromagnetic radiation in organic material absorbing wavelength zone.
3. claim 1 or 2 electroluminescence device, wherein optical band gap is at least 2.7eV.
4. according to front claim one or multinomial electroluminescence device, wherein E
Max≤ 2.3eV.
5. according to front claim one or multinomial electroluminescence device, wherein E
MaxEqual Δ E ± 0.2eV.
6. according to front claim one or multinomial electroluminescence device, wherein an organic layer has good cavity conveying performance and comprises and be selected from one or more following materials: triarylamine derivative and not replacing or poly (phenylenevinylene) derivative that dialkoxy replaces.
7. according to front claim one or multinomial electroluminescence device, wherein an organic layer has the good electron transportation performance and comprises and be selected from the poly (phenylenevinylene) derivative that following one or more materials: oxadiazole derivative and cyano group replace.
8. according to front claim one or multinomial electroluminescence device, it comprises additional charge transport and/or electric charge injection layer.
9. the method for preparing electroluminescence device, wherein absorption spectrum and electroluminescent spectrum do not have overlappingly, and it comprises:
A) be applied on the electrode with two-layer or multilayer organic layer with to electrode,
B) will have each layer that the material of 2.5eV band gap at least is used for two adjacent organic layers,
C) suitable material and the combination of each layer thickness are made that the generation interface is luminous when applying voltage,
D) select two kinds of materials to make the luminous maximum in interface in wavelength X
MaxThe place, λ
MaxCorresponding ENERGY E
Max≤ 2.5eV and
E) randomly in device, be provided with a filter in the organic layer absorption region.
In the claim 1～8 one or multinomial electroluminescence device as self luminous display element or the purposes in photoelectrical coupler.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19646119.7 | 1996-11-08 | ||
| DE19646119A DE19646119A1 (en) | 1996-11-08 | 1996-11-08 | Electroluminescent device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1236486A true CN1236486A (en) | 1999-11-24 |
| CN1155114C CN1155114C (en) | 2004-06-23 |
Family
ID=7811054
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB971995486A Expired - Fee Related CN1155114C (en) | 1996-11-08 | 1997-10-30 | Electroluminescent device made of organic material |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0946995A2 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4414490B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100573183B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1155114C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19646119A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1998021758A2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100459211C (en) * | 2003-05-22 | 2009-02-04 | 三星Sdi株式会社 | Electroluminescent display device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8909011D0 (en) * | 1989-04-20 | 1989-06-07 | Friend Richard H | Electroluminescent devices |
| GB8918114D0 (en) * | 1989-08-08 | 1989-09-20 | Emi Plc Thorn | Light sources |
| US5151629A (en) * | 1991-08-01 | 1992-09-29 | Eastman Kodak Company | Blue emitting internal junction organic electroluminescent device (I) |
| JP2815769B2 (en) * | 1992-12-15 | 1998-10-27 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Manufacturing method of semiconductor laser |
| WO1994029883A1 (en) * | 1993-06-10 | 1994-12-22 | Cambridge Display Technology Limited | Polymers for optical devices |
-
1996
- 1996-11-08 DE DE19646119A patent/DE19646119A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1997
- 1997-10-30 WO PCT/EP1997/006004 patent/WO1998021758A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-10-30 JP JP52210398A patent/JP4414490B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-10-30 CN CNB971995486A patent/CN1155114C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-10-30 KR KR1019997004026A patent/KR100573183B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-10-30 EP EP97950052A patent/EP0946995A2/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100459211C (en) * | 2003-05-22 | 2009-02-04 | 三星Sdi株式会社 | Electroluminescent display device |
| US7619357B2 (en) | 2003-05-22 | 2009-11-17 | Samsung Mobile Display Co., Ltd. | Electroluminescent display device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1155114C (en) | 2004-06-23 |
| DE19646119A1 (en) | 1998-05-14 |
| KR100573183B1 (en) | 2006-04-24 |
| JP2001504629A (en) | 2001-04-03 |
| WO1998021758A2 (en) | 1998-05-22 |
| JP4414490B2 (en) | 2010-02-10 |
| EP0946995A2 (en) | 1999-10-06 |
| KR20000053102A (en) | 2000-08-25 |
| WO1998021758A3 (en) | 1998-07-02 |
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