CN1235703C - Technique for manufacturing bearing steel - Google Patents
Technique for manufacturing bearing steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN1235703C CN1235703C CNB2004100147002A CN200410014700A CN1235703C CN 1235703 C CN1235703 C CN 1235703C CN B2004100147002 A CNB2004100147002 A CN B2004100147002A CN 200410014700 A CN200410014700 A CN 200410014700A CN 1235703 C CN1235703 C CN 1235703C
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a technique for producing bearing steel. The oxygen content and other kinds of inclusion are effectively controlled in a smelting process, and the present invention comprises the producing steps of raw material addition, electric furnace smelting, refining, vacuum deoxidation, continuous casting, etc. The temperature of molten steel is more than 1600 DEG C when an electric furnace taps the molten steel to a refining furnace, partial slag materials-lime, fluorite, a pre-deoxidizing agent and alloy for refining are added to the bottom of a steel ladle and are baked in an on-line baking position when the molten steel is refined, and meanwhile, aluminum iron predeoxidation and aluminum-wire deoxidation are adopted; the degree of vacuum is not more than 70Pa, the holding time of the vacuum is more than 15 minutes, and after the vacuum is relieved, the molten steel is made stand and the liquid level is kept fine motion for 15 to 20 minutes; when the continuous casting is carried out, the distance between the steel ladle and the long nozzle of a middle bag is sealed by argon for protection, a slag blocking weir and a double-layer covering agent are used, and meanwhile, a crystallizer is used for electromagnetic stirring; at low superheating degree and low pulling speed, two cold back sections are cooled by air fog. The oxygen content in the finished product-steel billet of the present invention is less than 10 ppm, and the performance index of the steel billet accords with the national quality standard.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of bearing steel production technology, utilizes converter, refining furnace, vacuum drying oven continuous casting line to produce such steel grade, effectively controls oxygen content in steel and other field trash in smelting process, belongs to technical field of ferrous metallurgy.
Background technology
Bearing steel is because unique and strict performance requirement since invention at the beginning of last century, though steel grade does not become, have passed through to produce the progress of equipment and the improvement of technology, and the quality of steel significantly improves.The key that improves bearing quality is the fatigue life that increases substantially bearing steel.Be a statistic concept fatigue life of bearing: promptly under certain load-up condition, represent with the relation between failure probability and the cycle-index.Except that fatigue life, technical indicator such as bearing also must satisfy at a high speed, heavy duty, accurate, long-lived technological requirement, thereby requires bearing steel should possess high-strength tenacity, surperficial high-hardness corrosion-resistant, and quenching degree is good, dimensional accuracy is high, dimensional stability is good.How to improve the fatigue life of bearing steel, carried out number of research projects in nearly 20 years both at home and abroad.
Up-to-date research viewpoint is thought: fatigue crack at first germinates in the surface, again to internal extended, causes fracture.Usually, field trash in the bearing steel and carbide defective are considered as already present crackle in the steel.Stress-inducedly cause strain hardening and produce phase transformation, thereby change the steel tissue.The crackle of germinating at the interface between field trash or carbide defective and matrix, inwardly diffusion.
When weighing bearing steel quality, each state all oxygen content as an important indicator, the oxygen in the invar is almost all from oxide inclusions, oxide inclusions is one of principal element that influences bearing service life, production practices prove that oxygen content in steel is low, the bearing high life.
The source of oxygen: the oxygen one in the steel is that the oxidation reaction of electric furnace comprises that decarburization, making foamed slag etc. bring into; The 2nd, bring into from ambient atmos, comprise that electric arc enters gas ionization in the steel---mainly be created in converter/electric furnace smelting process; The secondary oxidation of molten steel---mainly be created in converter/electric furnace steel tapping process and the continuous casting process and the reinforced process of refining in liquid steel level expose in atmosphere air-breathing; The 3rd, from slag charge, raw material and anti-material, bring into, refer to that the EAF slag charge is brought into, slag making material and alloy is brought into and each anti-material corrodes that to enter steel medium in the refining process, comprised the whole technical process of EAF to continuous casting.Therefore, smelt high-quality bearing steel, each process point of smelting has been proposed high requirement, must carry out strictness control to each process procedure during smelting.
How controlling oxygen content in the molten steel becomes the difficult problem of each manufacturer.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the present invention is directed to some common problems of the production mechanism appearance of above-mentioned bearing steel, a kind of bearing steel production technology is provided, as much as possible reduce steel inclusion, improve the steel degree of purity; Carbide defective in strict control and the elimination steel, the structural homogenity of raising steel reaches the purpose that reduces oxygen content in steel by each production stage of effective control in smelting process.
Technical scheme:
A kind of bearing steel production technology comprises production stages such as adding raw material, electric furnace smelting, refining, vacuum deaeration, continuous casting, and concrete operation is as follows:
(1) adds raw material steel scrap and the pig iron and/or molten iron in the electric furnace, and add packed lime;
(2) in the electric furnace smelting process, carbon content in the molten steel 〉=0.40% during electric furnace steel tapping (percentage by weight, down with), and the liquid steel temperature when guaranteeing electric furnace steel tapping to refining furnace is more than 1600 ℃ is controlled in the ladle liquid steel level apart from ladle along 250～350mm;
(3) be added in ladle bag at the bottom of with part slag charge lime, fluorite, pre-deoxidant and alloy refining during refining and toast, adopt ferro-aluminum pre-deoxidation and aluminum steel deoxidation simultaneously in online baking position;
(4) application of vacuum winches to vacuum tank with temperature and all qualified molten steel of composition and handles, vacuum≤70Pa, and the vacuum retention time is more than 15 minutes, after Vacuum solutions is removed, leaves standstill and keeps liquid level fine motion 15～20 minutes;
(5) during continuous casting, use the full guard cast from the ladle to the tundish, ladle is to the protection of tundish long nozzle argon envelope, dress in the tundish upper nozzle, and use slag weir and double-deck coverture use the crystallizer electromagnetic agitation simultaneously; Low overheat, low pulling rate, two cold back segments adopt the aerosol cooling.
The pig iron of allocating in the described raw material and the total amount of molten iron are 30-50%; Described molten iron and pig iron addition optimal proportion are 45～50%; Described packed lime adding amount is 2～4 a tons/stove.
Complete promptly the opening to feeding the silk position of electric furnace steel tapping fed silk, feeds Al line 8～10m/t
Steel, guarantee terminal point Al
T〉=0.060%, omnidistance argon bottom-blowing stirs, and pressure is at 0.8～1Mpa, flow 200～250l/min;
Its current strength is controlled at 300～350A during described crystallizer electromagnetic agitation, and frequency is 3～3.5Hz.
Middle bag toasted 2 hours with little fire, big fire baking 1-1.1 hour, guarantee that the bag temperature reaches more than 1000 ℃, tundish uses the continuous temperature measurement system, molten steel overheat is controlled at 15～25 ℃, pulling rate is controlled at 1.8～2.0m/min, and two cold specific waters are controlled at 0.6-0.8l/kg, two cold three, four sections use aerosols coolings.
30-35 minute application of vacuum total time, argon flow amount 80-150l/min, pressure 0.4～0.8MPa.
The initial composition of described refining slag: Al
2O
3Content is about 17～24%, and CaO content is 53～62%, and MgO content is 5～12%, SiO
2Content≤12%, all the other are conventional element.
Beneficial effect:
Bearing steel by the present invention's smelting, have low residual elements, gas content and low field trash total amount, remaining field trash distributes with plastic occluded foreignsubstance tiny, even, disperse, uniformly chemical analysis and carbide tissue, total oxygen content is up to state standards less than 10ppm in its steel billet; Therefore the successful exploitation of this steel grade simultaneously, and can many production high added value steel grade, be that enterprise creates profit maximization.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below by embodiment.
The technological process of production: 70t UHP-EAF → 70t LF ladle refining furnace → 70t VD/VOD stove → five machines, five stream alloy steel continuous casting machines (section 150 * 150 and 150 * 220).Smelting steel grade is bearing steel GCr15.
Use raw material to be steel scrap+molten iron, and add packed lime, molten iron is gone into from stove top condition, and the molten iron ratio is 45～50%, and lime adding amount is 2～4 a tons/stove, with the residual deleterious element in the dilution steel, and guarantees that the operation of electric furnace guarantor carbon has enough mixed carbon comtents.
Electric furnace is protected the carbon operation, uses fat lime, has made foamed slag.Reduce Molten Steel over-oxidation as far as possible, reduce just steel-making water and bring the oxygen amount into, carbon content in the molten steel 〉=0.40% during electric furnace steel tapping, and liquid steel temperature is more than 1600 ℃ when guaranteeing electric furnace steel tapping to refining furnace, and liquid steel level is apart from wrapping along 250～350mm in the control ladle; Slag under forbidding in the tapping process.
Select refinery cinder for use: this slag system contains CaO, MgO, Al
2O
3Etc. multiple composition, see Table 1, make slag have low fusing point and good flowability.MgO has the effect of protection bag wall refractory material in the slag, has also reduced the pollution of refractory material to molten steel simultaneously.Contain a certain amount of Al in the slag
2O
3, the deoxidation products interfacial tension in itself and the steel is little, therefore, field trash is had suction-operated preferably.CaO in the slag system, MgO content are higher, and SiO
2Content is lower, and reducing power is strong.
Table 1 refining furnace slag is formed
Worker's refinery cinder composition/%
Preface CaO Al
2O
3SiO
2MgO S MnO TFe R
LF 53.25-60.70 17.26-23.54 9.18-16.32 6.25-11.94 0.19-1.43 0.1-0.15 0.57～1.42
VD 52.11-60.88 15.42-26.33 4.27-11.34 5.10-11.24 0.25-0.97 0.05-0.13?0.51-0.98
Annotate: LF refers to refining furnace; VD refers to vacuum drying oven.
Refining: refining is added at the bottom of the ladle bag and in online baking position with part slag charge lime, fluorite, pre-deoxidant and alloy toasts.Complete promptly the opening to feeding the silk position of electric furnace steel tapping fed silk, feeds Al line 8-10m/t
Steel, guarantee terminal point Al
T〉=0.060%.Do not use the Antaciron deoxidation, prevent that refining process from " returning silicon " and causing [Si] composition to exceed standard.Note observing the variation of slag situation in the refining process, judge basicity of slag and according to circumstances mend certain lime.Omnidistance argon bottom-blowing stirs pressure 0.8～1Mpa, flow 200～250l/min.
Application of vacuum: temperature and all qualified molten steel of composition are winched to vacuum tank handle, vacuum≤70Pa, handled argon flow amount 80-150l/min, pressure 0.4～0.8MPa total time 30-35 minute at 15-20 minute vacuum retention time.
Continuous casting: for avoiding the secondary oxidation of ladle to steel flow between the crystallizer; from the ladle to the tundish, use the full guard cast; ladle is to the protection of tundish long nozzle argon envelope; dress in the tundish upper nozzle; use slag weir; use double-deck coverture, use bearing steel special crystallizer covering slag, normally use the crystallizer electromagnetic agitation.Note the rhythm of organizing of molten steel in the casting process, do not allow to occur the slow situation of molten steel, to avoid being involved in of ladle slag, heat preserving agent or cast insulation slag to greatest extent.Middle bag toasted 2 hours with little fire, big fire baking 1-1.1 hour, guarantee that the bag temperature reaches more than 1000 ℃, tundish uses the continuous temperature measurement system, molten steel overheat is controlled at 15～25 ℃, pulling rate is controlled at 1.8～2.0m/min, and two cold specific waters are controlled at 0.6-0.8l/kg, two cold three, four sections use aerosols coolings.
Oxygen content and inclusion content see Table 2 among the bearing steel GCr15 of present embodiment gained.
Table 2 bearing steel GCr15 oxygen content and inclusion content
The sulfide-based B alumina type of field trash oxygen content A C silicates D spherical oxide class
(ppm) thickness thickness thickness thickness
First 10 nothing 0.5 0.5 1.0
Second batch 5 0.5 0 0.5 000 0.5 0.5
The 3rd batch 10 0.5 1 0.5 1 0.5 01 0.5
According to test data analyzer, bearing steel GCr15 oxygen content and inclusion content all meet the requirements, and total oxygen content is at 6-8ppm in the steel billet, and its billet quality reaches state quality standard.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of bearing steel production technology comprises adding raw material, electric furnace smelting, refining, vacuum deaeration, each production stage of continuous casting, it is characterized in that:
(1) adds raw material steel scrap and the pig iron and/or molten iron in the electric furnace, and add packed lime;
(2) in the electric furnace smelting process, liquid steel temperature is more than 1600 ℃ during to refining furnace for carbon weight content 〉=0.40% in molten steel during electric furnace steel tapping, electric furnace steel tapping, and liquid steel level is apart from ladle along 250～350mm in the control ladle:
(3) be added in ladle bag at the bottom of with part slag charge lime, fluorite, pre-deoxidant and alloy refining during refining and toast, adopt ferro-aluminum pre-deoxidation and aluminum steel deoxidation simultaneously in online baking position;
(4) application of vacuum winches to vacuum tank with temperature and all qualified molten steel of composition and handles, vacuum≤70Pa, and the vacuum retention time is more than 15 minutes, after Vacuum solutions is removed, leaves standstill and keeps liquid level fine motion 15～20 minutes;
(5) during continuous casting, use the full guard cast from the ladle to the tundish, ladle is to the protection of tundish long nozzle argon envelope, dress in the tundish upper nozzle, and use slag weir and double-deck coverture use the crystallizer electromagnetic agitation simultaneously; Low overheat, low pulling rate, two cold back segments adopt the aerosol cooling.
2, bearing steel production technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the pig iron of allocating in the described raw material and the total weight percent of molten iron are 30-50%; Described packed lime adding amount is 2～4 a tons/stove.
3, bearing steel production technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: complete promptly the opening to feeding the silk position of electric furnace steel tapping fed silk, feeds Al line 8-10m/t
Steel, guarantee terminal point Al
T〉=0.060 weight %, omnidistance argon bottom-blowing stirs, and pressure is at 0.8～1Mpa, flow 200～250l/min.
4, bearing steel production technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: its current strength is controlled at 300～350A during described crystallizer electromagnetic agitation, and frequency is at 3～3.5Hz.
5, bearing steel production technology according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: middle bag toasted 2 hours with little fire, big fire baking 1-1.1 hour, guarantee that the bag temperature reaches more than 1000 ℃, tundish uses the continuous temperature measurement system, and molten steel overheat is controlled at 15～25 ℃, and pulling rate is controlled at 1.8～2.0m/min, two cold specific waters are controlled at 0.6-0.8l/kg, two cold three, four sections use aerosols coolings.
6, bearing steel production technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: 30-35 minute application of vacuum total time, argon flow amount 80-150l/min, pressure 0.4～0.8MPa;
7. bearing steel production technology according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the total weight percent of allocating the molten iron and the pig iron into is 45～50%.
8. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 described bearing steel production technologies, sulfur-bearing, manganese element in the refining slag is characterized in that the initial weight composition of refining slag is: Al
2O
317～24%, CaO 53～62%, and MgO 5～12%, SiO
2≤ 12%, all the other are conventional element.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100147002A CN1235703C (en) | 2004-04-20 | 2004-04-20 | Technique for manufacturing bearing steel |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100147002A CN1235703C (en) | 2004-04-20 | 2004-04-20 | Technique for manufacturing bearing steel |
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| CN1235703C true CN1235703C (en) | 2006-01-11 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI557237B (en) * | 2012-05-07 | 2016-11-11 | Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd | Rolling fatigue life of excellent steel |
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| CN104250674A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2014-12-31 | 宜兴市瑞华工业炉科技有限公司 | Refined synthetic slag for smelting high-standard bearing steel and preparation method thereof |
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| KR102419450B1 (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2022-07-12 | 닛폰세이테츠 가부시키가이샤 | Bearing steel parts and bars for bearing steel parts |
| CN110527909A (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2019-12-03 | 本钢板材股份有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of the beating steel GCr15 of ultralow titanium containing Cu-J |
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2004
- 2004-04-20 CN CNB2004100147002A patent/CN1235703C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI557237B (en) * | 2012-05-07 | 2016-11-11 | Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd | Rolling fatigue life of excellent steel |
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