CN1234140C - Cutoff Switch - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention describes a breaking switch which is a novel circuit breaker developed according to a no arc breaking theory and a series of breaking principles; a technical method of the present invention breaks through a traditional development theory and is the technical revolution in the field of an electrical switch. The breaking switch is composed of a unique current breaker, a contact unit, a switch mechanism and a control unit, wherein the current breaker can break a current in no arc mode or in an arc extinguishing mode; the contact unit can automatically transfer the current for no arc operation or micro arc operation; the switch mechanism is simple and portable; the control unit can compile simple operation programs. The present invention can quickly replace circuit breakers and contactors with various current voltage levels and various current switching capacities and can satisfy the requirements of the modern construction of an electrical network.

Description

Cut-off switch

1 technical field

The invention belongs to the development theory and technology scheme in the power switch field, is that power switch manufactures and designs the system innovation on the history.

2 background technologies

The switching mechanism and the arc-control device of existing all kinds circuit breaker and contactor, all be to develop according to the various arc quenching principles in the arc extinguishing theory, design according to cut-offfing of short circuit current, the requirement the harshest electric condition that is in operation in the time of may running into short circuit current is considered the mechanical action characteristic, strong mechanical impact during so each over-loading operation will obviously influence useful life of circuit breaker.When traditional circuit breaker and the cutout of existing synchronized breaker separating brake, the contest of voltage recovery rate and dielectric strength growth rate between the high-speed contest-dynamic/static contact that is carrying out physical change process between its dynamic/static contact, the contest of contact separating rate and thermal breakdown, electrical breakdown speed and arc burning speed.Switch with the existing machinery formula participates in this contest, not only needs high-grade, precision and advanced new and high technology, and manufacture difficulty is also very big.In low pressure, middle pressure, high pressure, superhigh pressure and ultra high voltage field, many countries particularly developed country have dropped into a large amount of research fundings to the development of circuit breaker and contactor, through continuous effort tackling key problem for many years, still do not satisfy the demand of electric power system modernization development.Existing circuit breaker and contactor particularly exist many weak points in aspects such as electric life, manufacturing cost, volume of switch and safety and reliability at technical performance, breaking capacity, switch life.For example opening velocity problem, contact bounce problem, clossing pressure problem, strong mechanical impact problem, arc current particularly short circuit current to the electrical wear problem of switch contact and intelligentized control precision problem or the like.Some developed countries and trans-corporation develop the many high new product of circuit breaker, for example SF in the high-pressure system in recent years ₆Magneto synchronized breaker and vacuum switch in circuit breaker, the medium voltage network, the many new type contactors in the low-pressure system and circuit breaker or the like though be apt to, use up it and are apt in addition.

The present invention is according to the misoperation fault in two rare production instances, with the high-voltage motor of isolating switch direct control 625kw and 2500kw, do not produce electric arc and causes serious accident, just inquires into no arc cutout theory and application thereof since nineteen sixty-eight.On April 20th, 1978, the former Yu Weihua comrade of State Scientific and Technological Commission quite payes attention to two pieces of initial stage papers and supports, once is arranged in the electrician of Chinese Academy of Sciences institute, physics institute and electric power system of Tsing-Hua University and discusses.Professor Qian Jiali thinks it is correct in theory, but specific implementation has many difficulties, and has instructed research direction from now on face to face.On the June 5th, 1978 of checking and instructing through former director teacher Cao Rongjiang in Wuhan High Voltage Research Institute High-Voltage Electrical Appliances chamber again.Afterwards under the support of the relevant leader in Shaanxi Province and the State Scientific and Technological Commission and Xi'an Communications University, and under Wang Jimei professor's the continuous guidance, the no arc cutout of the single-phase analog machine of explosion type intelligent breaker and the experiment of differential of the arc cutout principle under the cooperation of XJTU School of Electrical Engineering, Shaanxi Switch Factory and the 213 research institute of China Arms Industry portion, have been carried out in 1997～1999.On the basis that success is tested, summed up " the theoretical and application of no arc cutout " of studying intensively innovation over more than 30 year.New theory has been broken through the design philosophy of conventional circuit breaker, it is zero load or underloading operation that over-loading operation during each divide-shut brake is all dissolved, and the dynamic cutout of the high-speed contest formula of switch contact is converted into switch contact shifts no arc or differential of the arc divide-shut brake under the cutout in static state.Under the guidance of new theory and a series of cutout principles thereof, developed cut-off switch, can solve many technical barriers of being not good at part of above-mentioned circuit breaker and contactor, satisfy the needs of electrical network modernization construction, still do not have the technological means of this cut-off switch by retrieval both at home and abroad

3 summary of the invention

3.1 the design of general structure

Existing various circuit breakers and contactor in the electric power system in the operation of its operation, all can produce electric arc, and electric arc has huge harm.The scaling loss contact that arc energy is serious significantly reduces useful life of switch; Arc energy produces switching overvoltage, can pollute network system, influences power supply quality, can puncture the weak link of some insulation in the electrical network when serious, causes great loss of outage; Arc energy produces frequency electromagnetic waves, can pollute the electromagnetic field of surrounding space, disturbs radio communication and remote signal, might cause bigger economic loss.Make power switch not produce the huge electric arc of this harm, the scholar of lot of domestic and foreign and expert are carrying out persevering endeavors for many years always, but still are unrealized always.The cut-off switch that the present invention describes can solve this great technical barrier, and the technical scheme of its general plotting is as follows:

The general structure of cut-off switch, be the cutout with specified features, contact unit, switching mechanism and four all or part of combinations of part of control unit that aim at the cut-off switch design by a series of, various piece has many structure members that is mutually related again, has made concrete contribution and each parts all is the consummating function of cut-off switch.Cutout is an arc-extinction device special-purpose in the cut-off switch, can make the electric current that flows through not have the conducting or the disjunction of the arc or the differential of the arc.Contact unit is a contact apparatus special-purpose in the cut-off switch, reliable power supply in the time of can guaranteeing the switch operation, again can be in the moment of breaking-closing operating, fast automaticly with the current transfer on the contact in cutout, after making the cutout or conducting of its static state, dynamic/static contact do not have again the arc or the differential of the arc deciliter.Switching mechanism is an operating means special-purpose in the cut-off switch, can not have arc or differential of the arc operation by the actuating contact unit.Control unit is program setting special-purpose in the cut-off switch, can control switch mechanism operate set by step, and for the cutout of miniature current-limiting apparatus, be that its functional block diagram is seen shown in Figure 1 by the totally three step program control of first separating brake, separating brake and combined floodgate; For the cutout of microswitch devices, be that its functional block diagram is seen shown in Figure 2 by the totally four step program control of first combined floodgate, combined floodgate, first separating brake and separating brake.

A kind of cut-off switch of simple structure form is that a kind of low-voltage alternating-current is not had inlet wire and the outlet two ends that the arc cutout is attempted by existing low-voltage alternating-current contactor or on-load switch or circuit breaker, can constitute the power switch of environment-friendly type.Can realize no arc operation when it is characterized in that carrying out divide-shut brake, weak point is not have tangible cut-off point between power supply and load.For overcoming above-mentioned weak point, its complicated version is the design by general plotting, with the structure members that are mutually related such as cutout, contact unit, switching mechanism and control unit of a series of special uses, the power switch of environment-friendly type that is assembled of optimum organization whole or in part according to actual needs.It is characterized in that cutout is connected between the transfer contact and half fixed contact of contact unit, when switch be in operation cutout just by short circuit on the fixed contact group, when switch at the substep separating brake or when closing a floodgate, cutout is just by contact unit moment ground series connection place in circuit, after the cutout disjunction or connecting circuit, contact unit proceeds not have the separate power supplies of the arc or the differential of the arc or the operation of closing a floodgate again; Make switching mechanism simplify driving-chain as far as possible, the operational power source is acted directly on the contact unit, come control switch mechanism to carry out the substep operation according to action need configuration control corresponding unit again, applicable to the circuit of various electric pressures and current capacity deciliter, can realize safe and reliable no arc operation or differential of the arc operation.To introduce the technical scheme of each parts respectively below.

3.2 the design of cutout

Cutout is being born the moment current-carrying task of not having arc or differential of the arc disjunction and connecting circuit in the divide-shut brake process of cut-off switch, its operating time is very of short duration, in most cases 10ms with interior or 60ms in.So when great majority design, just needn't consider generate heat for a long time temperature rise and thermal stability, need to consider resistance to elevated temperatures, dynamic stability and the withstand voltage properties of moment and relevant cutout parameter etc.Cutout and just programmable very little so with the section of each current-carrying element in its link circuit.Most cutouts all are static, there is not machine driving to connect, sealing problem easily solves, manufacture difficulty is also little, what then the volume of cutout can design is very little, be exactly in fact a kind of microswitch devices (can be used to connect circuit and can be used for the branch deenergizing again) or miniature current-limiting apparatus (can only be used for the branch deenergizing), current-limiting type and non-current-limiting type are arranged, have or not the differential of the arc that also has of arc cutout to stop.The life-span of some cutout is very long, can be designed to nonvolatil in theory; Some then is disposable, can be designed to can eject the replacing spare unit immediately automatically after each cutout; Some then the life-span longer, can be designed to be able to regularly (as several years) to be convenient for changing the type of attachment (as plug-type fuse) of spare unit.Cutout can tens of times or the hundreds of times of useful lifes that ground improves power switch.

Cutout has or not the branch of arc cutout and differential of the arc cutout, the electronic type cutout that no arc cutout is a kind of modular type, differential of the arc cutout have mercury cutout, sodium cutout: PTC (PositiveTempratureCoeffcient) cutout and fused cutout; The electronic type cutout can be combined into the hybrid-type no arc cutout of structural similarity again with mercury cutout, sodium cutout, PTC cutout respectively, can be applicable to the requirement of various electric pressures and breaking capacity.

3.2.1 the technical scheme of electronic type cutout and effect thereof

The electronic type cutout is improved on the basis of existing thyristor and control triggering electric circuit thereof, adopts the chip of thyristor and the intelligent object that the assembling of miniature control circuit is made, and can realize no arc operation.Its beneficial effect is that the electronic type cutout life-span is very long, not only can static no arc open circuit, also can static no arc connection circuit, and the speed of its open and close is very fast, can be applicable in the current supply circuit of special frequent operation.Its volume is little, capacity is big, price comparison is low.

3.2.2 the technical scheme of mercury cutout and effect thereof

The structure of mercury cutout is comparable to tube fuse, it is characterized in that with circular or oblate resistant to elevated temperatures insulation shell (needing its horizontal positioned when being connected in the cut-off switch), tube shell bottom has sulculus one, putting into mercury in the groove is communicated with the shell two ends, the shell two ends are by the conductive copper cap closure, requirement according to electric pressure can be set up the insulation baffle on inner wall of tube shell, and fills with air or vacuum or other dielectric of insulation wet goods, is installed in and can realizes differential of the arc operation in the cut-off switch.Its beneficial effect be the mercury cutout in light weight, volume is little, easy manufacturing, cheap, can reuse, the life-span is longer, has current limiting characteristic, be applicable in the power circuit of the interchange of comparison frequent operation of various electric pressures or direct current.Necessary horizontal positioned needed certain heat radiation recovery time when its shortcoming was work after the cutout, can only be used for the branch deenergizing, can not be used to connect circuit.

3.2.3 the technical scheme of sodium cutout and effect thereof

Also some approaches tube fuse to the structure of sodium cutout, it is characterized in that one or both ends have the tube-shaped structure of piston or bellows, it is the resistant to elevated temperatures insulation shell that a tubule road is arranged with middle, the shell two ends are had the conductive copper cap or the bellows cap closure of cavity, filling sodium metal the two ends pipe cap is communicated with in the tubule road, piston can move in the cavity of copper cap, is installed in the cut-off switch, and piston rod is connected on the auxiliary connecting rod of operating mechanism; If what adopt is bellows, then bellows can be done telescopic moving under the thrust of the auxiliary connecting rod of operating mechanism, makes cut-off switch can carry out differential of the arc operation.Its beneficial effect is little, the easy manufacturing of sodium cutout volume, can reuse, the life-span is long, has superior current limiting characteristic, can be applicable in the power circuit of the interchange of comparison frequent operation of various electric pressures or direct current.Its shortcoming is to need certain heat radiation recovery time after the cutout, can only be used for the branch deenergizing, can not be used to connect circuit.

3.2.4 the technical scheme of fused cutout and effect thereof

The structural similarity of fused cutout is in existing tube fuse, it is characterized in that on the basis of existing tube fuse improved, the operating time of different is cutout is very of short duration only to be Millisecond, do not consider generate heat temperature rise and thermal stability problems during design, its volume is less, and metal fuse is thinner; Except filling quartz sand, also can adopt vacuum or insulating oil, SF in the shell of cutout ₆Wait other arc extinction performance good insulation performance medium.What also need consider is cut-off switch after each branchs deenergizing, change a standby cutout immediately automatically when separating brake finishes, the structural principle of its apparatus for automatic change, the structural principle that can copy employing bore bullet to load automatically.Its beneficial effect be fused cutout in light weight, volume is little, easy manufacturing, cheap, have current limiting characteristic, be applicable in the current supply circuit of frequent operation not.Its shortcoming is must change spare unit immediately automatically after each cutout, can only be used for the branch deenergizing, can not be used to connect circuit.

3.2.5PTC the technical scheme of cutout and effect thereof

The structural similarity of PTC cutout has the current-limiting resistance of positive temperature characterisitic in existing a kind of energy rapid-action, it is characterized in that in the middle of common insulating material (as polyethylene), filling has the PTC temperature-sensitive element that the electrically conductive particles of certain density is combined into, and is installed in and can realizes differential of the arc operation in the cut-off switch.Its beneficial effect is that the PTC cutout is simple in structure, in light weight, volume is little, has good current limiting characteristic, can static no arc resistance deenergizing, be specially adapted to the disjunction of short circuit current and DC circuit.Its shortcoming is to need certain heat radiation recovery time after the cutout, frequent operation immediately, and can only be used for the branch deenergizing, can not be used to connect circuit.

3.3 the design of contact unit

Reliable power supply when the design of contact unit should guarantee the cut-off switch operation can be transferred to the electric current disjunction under the high speed dynamic situation static or easily cutout in the cutout again fast.Eliminate the contact bounce when closing a floodgate, solve the clossing pressure problem of dock; Eliminate the electrical wear of contact, solve electric life and manufacture difficulty problem.During the cutout of the miniature current-limiting apparatus of adapted, the design of contact unit will possess the function of making current and insulating power supply, the pass sum velocity of contact has reached maximum during making current, though also having little time to puncture or punctured, the gap of dynamic/static contact do not form significantly big electric arc as yet, just can promptly close and close, not disjunction load current or disjunction Weak current only during its separating brake, then divide-shut brake is no arc or differential of the arc operation.During the cutout of adapted microswitch devices, as long as the design of contact unit possesses the function of connecting voltage and insulating power supply, its divide-shut brake is bringing onto load not all, obviously is that no arc is operated.Then there is not the manufacture difficulty problem in contact unit, and useful life, very the long production cost was very low.

Some resembles the plug-in strip form of three-phase isolation switch the structure of contact unit, and every have a moving contact and one group of fixed contact mutually.The fixed contact group has a static fixed contact, movable or Immobile half fixed contact and a static transfer contact.Fixed contact is connected mains side, and half fixed contact is connected on load side by being flexible coupling, and is connecting a cutout between half fixed contact and transfer contact.Moving contact is that the plug-in strip of bar shaped biplate shape is connected on the actuating bar, and the blade two ends clamp three contacts of fixed contact group during combined floodgate.Steel plate and compression spring are equipped with in the double blade outside, and being close to the outside, plug-in strip two ends is magnetic padlock near the steel plate of each fixed contact part, below the steel plate that do not draw among the figure.It has two kinds of effects, under the pressure of spring, by the lever ratio of magnetic padlock, can make plug-in strip and each fixed contact keep excellent contact, and produce bigger contact pressure on the one hand; On the other hand when short circuit current flows through, because steel plate is magnetized, just can produce a kind of magnetic attraction, act on the blade, contact pressure is increased, thereby can avoid short circuit current to cause contact melting welding and prevent that plug-in strip from separating voluntarily.If when requiring its load current big, every phase can adopt dual gate knife or many plug-in strips structure of above-mentioned form.

When electric pressure higher and when requiring phase insulation distance and clearance between open contacts big, the three-phase contact can be put into dielectric, for example insulating oil, vacuum, SF ₆Or other medium.At this moment, select the design principle of medium and the design alternative of conventional switch that tangible difference is arranged.The contact medium of conventional switch is mainly considered its arc extinction performance during design alternative, next considers its insulation property.And the contact medium of cut-off switch is mainly considered its insulation property during design alternative, to its arc extinction performance special requirement not.

The basic function of contact unit in cut-off switch is that dynamic/static contact can separate and closes the operation of closing circuit, also possesses simultaneously in the moment of divide-shut brake and can transfer to the function of going in the cutout to loop current automatically.Function by its transfer current can be divided into single transfevent contact and two transfevent contact, and single transfevent contact unit is applicable to the cutout of miniature current-limiting apparatus, and two transfevent contact units are applicable to the cutout of microswitch devices.Open apart from being divided into short distance and the long two kinds of versions opening distance opened again by dynamic/static contact withstand voltage, the short insulation distance of opening distance generally is no more than 125mm, long open distance generally then greater than 125mm.The short cut-off switch that is applicable to low-voltage and medium voltage apart from contact unit of opening, the long cut-off switch that is applicable to middle pressure and above electric pressure apart from contact unit of opening.Have four types after the combination so: a, single weak point that shifts are opened apart from contact unit, and b, list shift long opening apart from contact unit, and c, two transfer weak point are opened apart from contact unit, and d, two transfer length are opened apart from contact unit.

3.4 the design of switching mechanism

Transmission mechanism and contact travel mechanism will be cancelled or simplify to the design of switching mechanism, reduces driving-chain as far as possible, and the operational power source is acted directly on the contact.During sub-switching operation, the response of first separating brake requires to be exceedingly fast, and can separate fast.Locker in the switch requires energy moment automatic blocking, quick electric release.By the locking device that the requirement of substep operation has adopted electromagnetic lock or permanent magnetism to lock, the permanent-magnet manipulating mechanism that also adopts the three-stable state or four stable states that carry locking device that has can be carried out the locking control of substep operation.Also adopted the self-locking gear of anti-spring on half fixed contact in the switching mechanism that has, must not consider the clossing pressure of contact dock during design, reduce switching force and separating brake power and power consumption thereof, can be reduced to 1/3～1/10 of existing circuit breaker, the performance that reaches the operation of zero load or underloading gets final product.Can eliminate strong mechanical impact, solve problem mechanical endurance, the weight reduction reduced volume reduces production costs and solves the manufacture difficulty problem.

Switching mechanism can be designed to the operating mechanism of different strokes by the requirement of electric pressure.Low pressure needs the operating mechanism of short stroke, and its stroke is tentative in the 40mm, and the electromagnet that can adopt simple E type or U type or solenoid type or other pattern is as the operational power source.The operating mechanism of stroke during middle pressure needs, its stroke is tentative to be 40～125mm, can adopt simple solenoid type electromagnet or energy-stored spring as the operational power source.In press the operating mechanism that above electric pressure need long stroke, its stroke is tentative for more than the 125mm, can adopt energy-stored spring or power sources such as motor or hydraulic mechanism or destructor as the operational power source.If an operating mechanism does not satisfy needs, also can be designed to the form of dual operation machine.The cut-off switch of single actuating is by the operation of an operating mechanism control three-phase moving contact consubstantiality, and the cut-off switch of two actuatings also needs by another operating mechanism control three-phase half fixed contact consubstantiality operation.

Switching mechanism leaves distance and the long structure type of opening distance by the weak point of contact unit, the structure that needs single actuating and two actuating two class forms respectively, and contact unit is divided into single transfevent and two transfevent, then there are four types: a, the single transfevent of single actuating, b, the single transfevent of two actuating, c, the two transfevents of single actuating, d, the two transfevents of two actuating.

3.5 the design of control unit

The design of control unit will be according to the function setting operation sequence of cutout, and a kind of program will be applicable to the cutout of miniature current-limiting apparatus, and another kind of program will be applicable to the cutout of microswitch devices.Want can complexity fast, accurately and reliably, the high-grade intelligent chemical control system of high precision manipulation, dissolving is the simple point-and-shoot of error control not at a slow speed.Work out the procedure control unit of low-grade substep operation, element simple in structure is few, and the cost cost is cheap naturally, has not only separated soon the control precision problem, has also solved the opening velocity problem.Be applied to the controlling Design of ac short circuit electric current, when using the cutout of current-limiting type, the time of its control setting-up time-detection response and transfer current is short more good more, strives in 3ms, and then its control unit must adopt the PC control of quick response.When using the cutout of non-current-limiting type, the controlling Design for away from the short circuit current in power plant needs in time transfer to electric current the cutout again about time-delay 45ms from transcient short circuit time; For near the controlling Design of the short circuit current the power plant, then need delay time about 150ms.The time of concrete time-delay can determine that the time of first zero passage appears in the short circuit after-current by the die-away time of the maximum transient component of the calculation of parameter short circuit current of physical circuit.The may command cutout decays to the task of bearing transfer current and branch deenergizing when zero passage occurring at the transient state component of short circuit current, can guarantee that the operating time of cutout is the shortest, and its current-carrying cross section and volume minimum can adopt electrical equipment control or PC control.

Control unit can be divided into by the type of switching mechanism that four kinds of operation control principle: a, single actuating are single to shift control, and b, two actuating be single to shift control, and c, single actuating be two to shift control, and d, two actuating be two to shift control.

4 description of drawings

Fig. 1, single functional block diagram that shifts cut-off switch

The functional block diagram of Fig. 2, two transfer cut-off switches

The structure principle chart of Fig. 3, mercury cutout

The structure principle chart of Fig. 4, high voltage mercury cutout

The structure principle chart of Fig. 5, piston type sodium cutout

The structure principle chart of Fig. 6, bellows-type sodium cutout

Fig. 7, the short structure principle chart of opening apart from contact unit of single transfer

Fig. 8, the long structure principle chart of opening apart from contact unit of single transfer

Fig. 9, two transfer weak point are opened the structure principle chart apart from contact unit

Figure 10, two transfer length are opened the structure principle chart apart from contact unit

Figure 11, the single phase structure schematic diagram that shifts cut-off switch of single actuating

Figure 12, single three stable diagrams that shift in the cut-off switch operating process of single actuating

Figure 13, the single phase structure schematic diagram that shifts cut-off switch of two actuating

Figure 14, single three stable diagrams that shift in the cut-off switch operating process of two actuating

The phase structure schematic diagram of Figure 15, the two transfer cut-off switches of single actuating

Four stable diagrams in Figure 16, the two transfer cut-off switch operating process of single actuating

The phase structure schematic diagram of Figure 17, the two transfer cut-off switches of two actuating

Four stable diagrams in Figure 18, the two transfer cut-off switch operating process of two actuating

The structure principle chart of Figure 19, electromagnetic lock

The structure principle chart of Figure 20, permanent magnetism lock

The structure principle chart of Figure 21, Monostable permanent magnetism operating mechanism

The structure principle chart of Figure 22, bi-stable permanent magnetism operating mechanism

The structure principle chart of Figure 23, three-stable state permanent-magnet manipulating mechanism

The structure principle chart of Figure 24, four stable state permanent-magnet manipulating mechanisms

The structure principle chart of the self-locking gear of Figure 25, anti-spring

The structure principle chart of Figure 26, auxiliary switch

Figure 27, the single control principle figure that shifts of single actuating

Figure 28, the single control principle figure that shifts of two actuating

Figure 29, the two control principle figure that shift of single actuating

Figure 30, the two control principle figure that shift of two actuating

5 embodiments

Below described various optimal ways and embodiment, only, shall not be construed as restriction to claim for to realizing the detailed description of summary of the invention.

5.1 the optimal way of cutout

5.1.1 the embodiment of electronic type cutout

5.1.1.1 architectural feature

The electronic type cutout also can be called the thyristor cutout, is a kind of static microswitch devices of not having the arc cutout, is to adopt the chip of thyristor and control loop thereof to constitute, and its on-off principle is exactly in fact the static contactless on-off principle of thyristor.Cutout is the cutout that alternating current natural zero-crossing or direct current force zero passage, and the operating time in cut-off switch is very of short duration, generally speaking 10ms with interior or 60ms in.So just can give full play to thyristor does not have the switching function of arc cutout, can improve its breaking capacity in 5～10 times of ground.But the rated voltage of high-power thyristor and rated current are high not enough at present, have now developed the high power valve of use both at home and abroad, rated voltage 8000V, rated current 3000A, and that adopts that series-parallel technology can improve cutout cut-offs capacity and electric pressure.Because its operating time is very of short duration, does not generally need huge heat abstractor, when high pressure or frequent operation, can put it in the insulating oil.

5.1.1.2 operation principle

The cut-off switch of adapted electronic type cutout is in the divide-shut brake process, and follow procedure control carrying out substep is operated.In making process, when the moving contact pass of switch is incorporated into preliminary closing position, only cutout has been inserted not conducting of circuit, this moment is to cutout control utmost point trigger voltage, moving contact continuation pass is incorporated into the position, back of closing a floodgate after treating the cutout conducting, cutout, is got ready for separating brake in circuit by short circuit.In the separating brake process, automatically transfer to current in loop in the cutout when half fixed contact of switch is firm once the moment of separating, and then automatically shut down the trigger voltage of the cutout control utmost point rapidly, cutout is when the alternating current zero passage behind the automatic cut out, moving contact continues to be separated to position behind the separating brake, safe insulating power supply again.

5.1.2 the embodiment of mercury cutout

5.1.2.1 architectural feature

The mercury cutout is the static miniature cut-off device of a kind of current-limiting type arc extinguishing cutout, and its structure structural principle with tube fuse basically is close, sees shown in Figure 3ly, and Fig. 3 (a) is a tube-shaped structure, and Fig. 3 (b) is oblate tubular-shaped structures.S among the figure ₁Be the insulation shell of the high temperature resistant electric arc that can bear pressure, S ₂And S ₃For having the copper cap of copper attachment plug, S ₄Be the mercury of putting in the bottom sulculus in the shell, the shell two ends are by the copper cap closure.Fill in the shell with air or vacuum, gases at high pressure, insulating oil, SF ₆And C ₃F ₆Deng, can select good gas of suitable arc extinction performance or liquid insulating medium by electric pressure.Its cutout principle is fairly simple, when electric current during by the very little mercury conductor in cross section in the sulculus, makes its rapid heating become mercury vapour during separating brake, and arc extinction divides deenergizing when current over-zero.Revert to liquid mercury again through heat radiation back mercury vapour cooling in short-term, in the sulculus of spontaneous current return pipe inner bottom part, for cutout next time is got ready.Be to increase electric pressure and cutout effect, can increase insulation shell length and set up multiple tracks insulation baffle, have only the discharge water sulculus of silver of tube shell bottom to interconnect, see shown in Figure 4.Can form the high-speed air-blowing spout that is beneficial to arc extinguishing at the sulculus place of per pass baffle bottom during this arrangement works, and electric arc is divided into a plurality of segments, be beneficial to the cooling blow-out, increase arc drop and impedance thereof, can prevent arc reignition.If also do not satisfy the requirement of extra-high pressure grade, this several multiple tracks insulation baffle can be together in series, with the fracture quantity that increases electric arc with cut-off length.The sulculus of the placement mercury that the multiple tracks of several series connection isolates can be set in same shell, also can be together in series by the pipe that several are such, but will guarantee that all sulculuses must be in same horizontal plane, to guarantee the even distribution of mercury in sulculus.

5.1.2.2 operation principle

The cut-off switch of adapted mercury cutout, the contact front end of its dynamic/static contact need to handle through extinguishing arc during fabrication, make the contact jaw of extinguishing arc type.Use is in the low-voltage and medium voltage electric power system time, and air dielectric just can satisfy service condition, and when using in middle pressure and above electric power system, its contact system need be inserted in the insulating oil or in other dielectric.Cut-off switch is in making process, and dynamic/static contact is at first connected circuit, and then cutout is attempted by in this loop, and for separating brake is got ready, moving contact is that disposable quick combined floodgate puts in place.When moving contact is separated to preliminary separating brake position in the separating brake process, just current in loop is transferred in the cutout automatically, treat the quick current limliting breaking current of cutout after, moving contact continues to be separated to position behind the separating brake, safe insulating power supply again.Also can consider cut-off switch in the separating brake process, appropriate as long as the time cooperates when the breaking speed of cutout is quicker than the opening velocity of switch movable contact, can put in place by disposable quick acting switching-off, do not need the program control of substep separating brake.

5.1.3 the embodiment of sodium cutout

5.1.3.1 architectural feature

The sodium cutout is a kind of miniature cut-off device of fine motion of current-limiting type arc extinguishing cutout, and its structural principle is seen shown in Figure 5, and Fig. 5 (a) is the tube-shaped structure that an end has piston, is applicable to the single transfevent cut-off switch of single actuating; Fig. 5 (b) is the tube-shaped structure that two ends all have piston, is applicable to the single transfevent cut-off switch of two actuatings.N among the figure ₁For there are the insulation shell of the high temperature resistant electric arc that can bear pressure in a tubule road, N in the centre ₂Be the copper cap of sealing shell, N ₃And N ₉Be the copper cap of the sealing shell that has piston, N ₄Be the sodium metal of filling in the cavity that is communicated with two ends copper cap in the shell, N ₅And N ₇Be the piston of extrusion sodium, N ₆And N ₈For being connected in the insulating knockout pin on the piston.The copper cap at pipe two ends can insert on the copper socket of appointment in the cut-off switch, just can connect the circuit at socket two ends.Its cutout principle is fairly simple, when electric current during by the very little sodium conductor in middle section, tubule road, it is generated heat rapidly become sodium steam during separating brake, promotes piston fast, makes the hurried increase of resistance in the cutout, can carry out the branch deenergizing of current limliting.Revert to softer solid-stately through heat radiation back sodium steam cooled in short-term again, in making process, can be stressed and keep good contact, for the separating brake cutout ready.

The insulation shell can adopt the made of high alumina ceramic or other superior performance, but it welds with adopting valve metal (teleoseal) being connected of two ends copper cap.Its shell length can be selected the withstand voltage distance of suitable insulation by the different requirements of various electric pressures, and shell thickness can be determined thickness radius by the impact strength of short circuiting arc.Also have a kind of sodium cutout with bellows replacement piston, its structural principle is seen shown in Figure 6, and Fig. 6 (a) is the tube-shaped structure that an end has bellows, and Fig. 6 (b) is the tube-shaped structure that two ends all have bellows.N among the figure ₁₁For there are the ceramic cartridge in a tubule road, N in the centre ₁₂, N ₁₃And N ₁₉For connecting the copper cap of shell, N ₁₄Be the sodium metal of filling in the cavity that is communicated with two ends copper cap and bellows in the shell, N ₁₅And N ₁₇Be bellows, N ₁₆And N ₁₈Insulated end cover for shrouded bellow.The copper cap at pipe two ends can insert on the copper socket of appointment in the cut-off switch, just can connect the circuit at socket two ends.The principle of its cutout principle and structure shown in Figure 5 is the same, and its sealing property and result of use are more superior.If when the self-closing power of bellows can be complementary with the surge of the sodium vapor in when cutout, also can be made into static miniature cut-off device.

5.1.3.2 operation principle

The cut-off switch of adapted sodium cutout, its operation principle is the same basically with adapted mercury cutout, sees the description in this section 5.1.2.2 literary composition.Be connected a special-purpose connecting rod respectively on the moving contact of different is operating mechanism in the cut-off switch and the actuating bar of half fixed contact, in moving contact and fixed contact and half fixed contact connection circuit, special-purpose connecting rod just can promote the insulating knockout pin N in the cutout respectively in making process ₆And N ₈, the sodium metal of extruding makes it keep good contact, for the separating brake cutout is got ready.During separating brake when moving contact and half fixed contact just after a separation just can be automatically with current transfer in cutout, special-purpose connecting rod on the bar of actuating has simultaneously also in time left the insulating knockout pin in the cutout, after treating the quick current limliting branch of cutout deenergizing, moving contact continues to be separated to position behind the separating brake again, and safety is isolated electric current.

5.1.4 the embodiment of fused cutout

5.1.4.1 architectural feature

Fused cutout is a kind of miniature cut-off device of disposable static state of arc extinguishing cutout, and its structure is similar with the structural principle of tube fuse basically.The operating time of different is cutout is very of short duration only to be Millisecond, does not consider to generate heat temperature rise and thermal stability problems during design, and its volume is less, metal fuse is thinner.Except that filling quartz sand, also can consider to adopt vacuum, gases at high pressure or liquid, for example insulating oil, hydrocarbon, SF in the housing of cutout ₆And C ₃F ₆In arc extinction performance good insulation performance medium, be developed into the cutout of two types of non-current-limiting type and current-limiting types.What need to consider is cut-off switch at every turn after the branch deenergizing, change a standby cutout immediately automatically when separating brake finishes, and the structural principle of its apparatus for automatic change is also fairly simple, can copy the principle that adopts the bore bullet to load automatically.

5.1.4.2 operation principle

The cut-off switch of adapted fused cutout, its operation principle and mercury cutout basic identical seen in the literary composition of this section 5.1.2.2 and described.

5.1.5 PTC cutout embodiment

5.1.5.1 architectural feature

The PTC cutout is the static miniature cut-off device that a kind of current-limiting type does not have the arc cutout.Its structural principle is the PTC temperature-sensitive element that is combined at the electrically conductive particles that the middle filling of common insulating material (as polyethylene) has certain density, be the current-limiting resistance that a kind of energy rapid-action has positive temperature characterisitic, it is a conductor with electrically conductive links under the normal temperature.In the time of in the place in circuit, electric current can produce thermal effect by cutout, and the heat diffusion capabilities of the insulating material of PTC is stronger than electric conducting material, and the insulating material thermal diffusion just can be cut apart electrically conductive particles, until the blocking-up electrically conductive links.

5.1.5.2 operation principle

The cut-off switch of adapted PTC cutout, its operation principle and adapted mercury cutout basic identical seen the description in this section 5.1.2.2 literary composition.

5.2 the optimal way of contact unit

5.2.1 the short embodiment that opens apart from contact unit of single transfer

Short the opening of single transfer seen shown in Figure 7 apart from the structural principle of contact unit, 1 is that moving contact, 2 is that fixed contact, 3 is that half fixed contact, 4 is transfer contact among the figure, Fig. 7 (a) and Fig. 7 (c) are the front view of moving contact and fixed contact group, and Fig. 7 (b) and Fig. 7 (d) are respectively its left view.Among Fig. 7 (c), the front end of fixed contact and half fixed contact and together point-blank, the front end of transfer contact than its by back 3mm about, during combined floodgate moving contact earlier and fixed contact and half fixed contact closure, and then again with the transfer contact closure.

5.2.2 the long embodiment that opens apart from contact unit of single transfer

Single shift long open see apart from the structural principle of contact unit shown in Figure 8, fundamental sum is single shift short open apart from contact unit identical.Different is some difference of shape of transfer contact, and opening apart from bigger between the contact.

5.2.3 two transfer weak points are opened the embodiment apart from contact unit

Two transfer weak points open see apart from the structural principle of contact unit shown in Figure 9, fundamental sum is single shift long open apart from contact unit identical.But the front end of fixed contact and transfer contact and together point-blank, the front end of half fixed contact than its by the about 20mm～30mm in back about, during combined floodgate moving contact earlier and fixed contact and transfer contact closure, behind the circuit turn-on again with half fixed contact closure.

5.2.4 two transfer length are opened the embodiment apart from contact unit

Two transfer length open see apart from the structure of contact unit former shown in Figure 10, fundamental sum is two shift short open apart from contact unit identical.The front end of different is fixed contact and transfer contact and together point-blank, half fixed contact are by the back larger distance, and opening apart from bigger between the contact.

5.3 the optimal way of cut-off switch

5.3.1 the embodiment of the single transfevent cut-off switch of single actuating

5.3.1.1 architectural feature

The single phase structure principle that shifts cut-off switch of single actuating is seen shown in Figure 11, and contact unit has adopted the short structural shape of opening apart from contact unit of single transfer shown in Figure 7 among the figure.Among the figure 1 for moving contact, 2 for fixed contact, 3 be half fixed contact, 4 for transfer contact, 5 and 6 for the actuating bar, 7 and 8 for electromagnetic lock, 9 for E type tripping electromagnet, 16 for compression spring, 11 for being flexible coupling, 12 and 14 being that cutout, 15 is for to be connected firmly for terminals, 13.Fixed contact 2 is connected on mains side, and terminals 12 are connected on load side.Overlap a switching-in spring on the middle iron core of E type electromagnet 9, giving the switching-in spring energy storage during electromagnetic actuation, ready for closing a floodgate.Also can adopt mechanisms such as solenoid electromagnet or energy-stored spring as the operational power source respectively according to the needs of electric pressure and actuating stroke.

Cut-off switch has three stable states in operating process, see shown in Figure 12ly, and wherein figure (a) be the separating brake position, and figure (b) is a closing position, and scheming (c) is first separating brake position.1 is that moving contact, 2 is that fixed contact, 3 is that half fixed contact, 4 is that transfer contact, 5 and 6 is that actuating bar, 7 and 8 is that electromagnetic lock, 16 is a compression spring among the figure.

5.3.1.2 operation principle

When cut-off switch is received reclosing command, see Figure 11 and shown in Figure 12, electromagnetic lock 7 energising releases, actuating bar 5 promotes moving contact 1 and is incorporated in fixed contact 2 and half fixed contact 3 pass rapidly under the elastic force of switching-in spring, then close and be incorporated in the transfer contact 4, and continue to promote the closing position shown in half fixed contact 3 to Figure 12 (b), electromagnetic lock 8 automatically locks actuating bar 6, and electromagnetic lock 7 is cut off the power supply automatically by the normally closed contact of auxiliary switch simultaneously.This moment cutout 13 by short circuit in circuit, for separating brake is got ready, the main chucking power by its blade both sides of moving contact 1 is fixed on the fixed contact group, also has some thrust-drag margins of switching-in spring certainly.Tripping electromagnet 9 energising adhesive armatures during separating brake, actuating bar 5 is under bigger electromagnetic force effect, automatically locked by electromagnetic lock 7 when pulling moving contact 1 is separated to first separating brake position shown in Figure 12 (c) fast, tripping electromagnet 9 is cut off the power supply automatically by the auxiliary contact of often opening of electromagnetic lock 7 simultaneously.After treating cutout 13 automatic branch deenergizings, delay time through control unit and to switch on once more to tripping electromagnet 9, and give electromagnetic lock 7 energising releases simultaneously, actuating bar 5 continues pulling moving contact 1 and is separated to the separating brake position shown in Figure 12 (a), automatically locked once more by electromagnetic lock 7, separating brake electricity taste iron 9 is cut off the power supply again automatically simultaneously.And then electromagnetic lock 8 energising releases, half fixed contact 3 moves to the separating brake position shown in Figure 12 (a) under spring thrust, and electromagnetic lock 8 is cut off the power supply automatically by auxiliary contact.Tripping electromagnet 9 is given the switching-in spring energy storage in separating brake, get ready for closing a floodgate next time.

5.3.2 the single embodiment that shifts cut-off switch of two actuatings

5.3.2.1 architectural feature

The single phase structure principle that shifts cut-off switch of two actuatings is seen shown in Figure 13, and each parts fundamental sum is shown in Figure 11 identical among the figure.Different is that contact unit has adopted the long structural shape of opening distance of single transfer shown in Figure 8, is connecting another E type tripping electromagnet 10 simultaneously on the actuating bar 6 of half fixed contact 3.Certainly electromagnet 9 and 10 all can adopt solenoid type, E type or U type electromagnet respectively according to the needs of electric pressure and actuating stroke, or energy-stored spring, motor, hydraulic mechanism etc., as the operational power source.

Cut-off switch has three stable states in operating process, see shown in Figure 14.(a) is the separating brake position among the figure, (b) is closing position, (c) is first separating brake position.

5.3.2.2 operation principle

The operation principle of cut-off switch is described referring to Figure 13 and Figure 14.Give electromagnetic lock 7 moments energising release during combined floodgate, close fast under the thrust of the switching-in spring of moving contact 1 in electromagnet 9 and be incorporated into the closing position shown in Figure 14 (b), electromagnetic lock 7 is cut off the power supply automatically by the normally closed contact of auxiliary switch.Moving contact 1 is all closed with fixed contact 2, half fixed contact 3 and transfer contact 4, cutout 13 short circuits in the loop, for separating brake is got ready.Give tripping electromagnet 10 energising adhesive armatures during separating brake, actuating bar 6 pullings half fixed contact 3 is separated to the first separating brake position shown in Figure 14 (c), and actuating bar 6 is automatically locked by electromagnetic lock 8.In electromagnet 10 first separating brakes, the compression spring energy storage for being overlapped on iron core in the middle of it.After treating cutout 13 automatic branch deenergizings, delay time to tripping electromagnet 9 energising adhesive iron cores through control unit, when actuating bar 5 pulling moving contacts 1 are separated to separating brake position shown in Figure 14 (a), actuating bar 5 is automatically locked by electromagnetic lock 7, and the normally closed contact of auxiliary switch cuts off the power supply tripping electromagnet 9 automatically.Then the normal opened contact of auxiliary switch makes electromagnetic lock 8 moments energising release, under the thrust of the energy-stored spring of half fixed contact 3 in electromagnet 10, also returns to the separating brake position shown in Figure 14 (a), gets ready for closing a floodgate next time.

5.3.3 the embodiment of the two transfer cut-off switches of single actuating

5.3.3.1 architectural feature

The phase structure principle of the two transfer cut-off switches of single actuating is seen shown in Figure 15, and contact unit has adopted the short structural shape of opening apart from contact unit of two transfers shown in Figure 9 among the figure.1 is that moving contact, 2 is that fixed contact, 3 is that half fixed contact, 4 is that transfer contact, 5 is that actuating bar, 7 is that electromagnetic lock, 9 is that solenoid tripping electromagnet, 12 and 14 is that terminals, 13 are cutout among the figure.Fixed contact 2 is connected on mains side, and terminals 12 are connected on load side.A switching-in spring is being pressed in an end of the iron core of solenoid electromagnet 9, gives the switching-in spring energy storage when adhesive of electromagnet separating brake is unshakable in one's determination, and is ready for closing a floodgate.Also can adopt E type electromagnet or energy-stored spring, motor, hydraulic mechanism etc. respectively, as the operational power source according to the needs of electric pressure and actuating stroke.

Cut-off switch has four stable states in operating process, see shown in Figure 16.(a) is the separating brake position among the figure, (b) is closing position, not only is first separating brake position but also be first closing position (c).

5.3.3.2 operation principle

The operation principle of cut-off switch is described referring to Figure 15 and Figure 16.Give electromagnet 7 moments energising release during combined floodgate, actuating bar 5 is under the elastic force of switching-in spring, and when promoting moving contact 1 and closing the first closing position that is incorporated into shown in Figure 16 (c) fast, the electromagnetic lock 7 that actuating bar 5 has been cut off the power supply automatically locks.This moment moving contact 1 with fixed contact 2 and transfer contact 4 closures, cutout 13 has been inserted circuit, treat its automatic processing circuit after, give electromagnetic lock 7 moments energising release again through the control unit time-delay, moving contact 1 continues to close and is incorporated into the closing position shown in Figure 16 (b).This moment, moving contact and fixed contact group were all closed, and cutout 13 short circuits in circuit, are got ready for separating brake.Give electromagnet 9 energising adhesives moving unshakable in one's determination during separating brake, actuating bar 5 is under bigger electromagnetic force effect, when rapidly pulling moving contact 1 was separated to first separating brake position shown in Figure 16 (c), the electromagnetic lock 7 that actuating bar 5 has been cut off the power supply automatically locked, and electromagnet 9 is cut off the power supply automatically.This moment, moving contact 1 separated fully with half fixed contact 3, after treating cutout 13 automatic branch deenergizings, delay time to electromagnetic lock 7 moments energising release through control unit, and give electromagnet 9 adhesive once more of switching on automatically moving unshakable in one's determination simultaneously, when moving contact 1 continues to be separated to separating brake position shown in Figure 16 (a), the electromagnetic lock 7 that actuating bar 5 has been cut off the power supply automatically locks, and electromagnet 9 is cut off the power supply automatically.This moment, moving contact 1 also separated with transfer contact 4 fully with fixed contact 2, made cutout safety insulating power supply.Electromagnet 9 is given the switching-in spring energy storage in the separating brake in the moving iron core of adhesive, gets ready for closing a floodgate next time.

5.3.4 the embodiment of the two transfer cut-off switches of two actuatings

5.3.4.1 architectural feature

The phase structure principle of the two transfer cut-off switches of two actuatings is seen shown in Figure 17, and each parts fundamental sum is shown in Figure 13 identical among the figure.Different is that contact unit has adopted the long version of opening distance of two transfers shown in Figure 10.

Cut-off switch has four stable states in operating process, see shown in Figure 180.(a) is the separating brake position among the figure, (b) is closing position, not only is first separating brake position but also be first closing position (c).

5.3.4.2 operation principle

The operation principle of cut-off switch is described referring to Figure 17 and Figure 18.Give electromagnet 7 moments energising release during combined floodgate, when moving contact 1 closes the first closing position that is incorporated into shown in Figure 18 (c) fast,, cutout 13 has been inserted circuit fixed contact 2 and transfer contact 4 closures.After treating its automatic processing circuit, give electromagnetic lock 8 moments energising release again through the control unit time-delay, half fixed contact 3 closes immediately and is incorporated in the moving contact 1, and promptly the closing position shown in Figure 18 (b) in circuit, is got ready cutout 13 short circuits for separating brake.Give tripping electromagnet 10 energisings during separating brake, make half fixed contact 3 be separated to the first separating brake position shown in Figure 18 (c) rapidly, after treating cutout 13 automatic branch deenergizings, delay time to tripping electromagnet 9 energisings through control unit, make moving contact 1 be separated to the separating brake position shown in Figure 18 (a), get ready for closing a floodgate next time.

5.4 the optimal way of locker

The locker that is adopted in above-mentioned each switching mechanism is an a kind of special electromagnetic lock, and the release speed that also can adopt superior performance is the permanent magnetism lock faster, introduces the structural principle of embodiment below respectively.

5.4.1 the embodiment of electromagnetic lock

A little spring, one are connected little locking bar on the iron core to electromagnetic lock and the auxiliary contact of two pairs of normally-open normally-closes is formed by being with on a little solenoid electromagnet, the moving iron core, and its structural principle is seen shown in Figure 19.21 is that fixed core, 22 is that coil, 23 is that the moving iron core, 24 that has little locking bar is that little spring, 25 is auxiliary contact among the figure.During coil 22 no powers, little spring 24 is pushing away moving unshakable in one's determination 23 and little locking bar, can insert automatically by in the lockhole of latch mechanism, and the normal opened contact on the auxiliary contact is opened, the normally closed contact closure.During coil 22 energisings, moving iron core 23 is inhaled in the pipe and compresses little spring 24, and moving iron core hauls little locking bar and removes snap close, discharge by latch mechanism, and the normal opened contact closure on the auxiliary contact, normally closed contact is opened.Can adopt the better position transducer of performance to replace auxiliary contact when needing.

5.4.2 the embodiment of permanent magnetism lock

The permanent magnetism lock of unicoil monolock button is made of the little solenoid of a band permanent magnet, in the actuating bar of latch mechanism a bit of iron core is arranged, its structural principle sees shown in Figure 20 (a) that 31 is that fixed core, 32 is that coil, 33 and 34 is that permanent magnet, 35 is for being connected the moving iron core in the actuating bar among the figure.In actuating bar when motion,, when this a bit of unshakable in one's determination 35 enters into little solenoid, the actuating bar is automatically locked by the magnetic attraction of permanent magnet.When removing snap close if desired, little solenoidal coil 32 energisings, electromagnetic force will be offset permanent magnetism suction, and the actuating bar is just by trip-free.Equally also can be with auxiliary contact on the actuating bar, also the available position transducer replaces auxiliary contact.If the actuating bar need can respectively be put a bit of iron core in the diverse location on this root actuating bar when two or more diverse locations are locked, promptly can be made into the permanent magnetism lock of unicoil twin-lock button or the many snap closes of unicoil.The structural principle of the permanent magnetism lock of unicoil twin-lock button sees shown in Figure 20 (b) that 35 and 36 is moving unshakable in one's determination for two segments that are connected in the actuating bar among the figure, when two moving iron cores in the actuating bar move in the little solenoid respectively, can be locked respectively in these two positions.Also can be designed to the permanent magnetism lock of twin coil twin-lock button, its structural principle is seen shown in Figure 20 (c).Locked rapidly when moving unshakable in one's determination 35 in the actuating bar moves to the position of coil 32, if the actuating bar continues motion after the coil 32 energising releases, moving unshakable in one's determination 35 can be locked rapidly again when entering into the position of coil 37.

5.5 the optimal way of permanent-magnet manipulating mechanism

The electromagnet mechanism that above-mentioned each operational power source is adopted, in the operating process of its divide-shut brake, the actuating bar motion that promotes moving contact and half fixed contact needs special-purpose locker to lock when assigned address.Here design several electromagnetic operating mechanisms that carry the permanent magnetism snap close, its parts still less, the actuating matching performance is more superior, can replace above-mentioned operating mechanism in the occasion of different condition respectively.Wherein monostable and bistable is existing permanent-magnet manipulating mechanism, and permanent-magnet manipulating mechanisms tristable and four stable states are newly-designed on existing basis.

5.5.1 the embodiment of Monostable permanent magnetism operating mechanism

The structural principle of Monostable permanent magnetism operating mechanism is seen shown in Figure 21, and two permanent magnets 41 and 42 lockers as the separating brake position are set in the fixed core 44 of solenoid electromagnet, is the closing position of mechanism shown in the figure.Switching winding 43 logical-direct currents during separating brake, adhesive 45 pulling actuating bars 46 unshakable in one's determination drive moving contact or half fixed contact, carry out separating brake and compress switching-in spring 47, give its energy storage.When iron core 45 is arrived the separating brake terminal location by adhesive, automatically locked by permanent magnet 41 and 42, switching winding 43 is de-energized, and separating brake finishes.When the needs release was closed a floodgate, switching winding 43 logical-reverse currents can close a floodgate by automatic unlocking, and switching winding 43 is de-energized, and closes a floodgate and finishes.

5.5.2 the embodiment of bi-stable permanent magnetism operating mechanism

The structural principle of bi-stable permanent magnetism operating mechanism is seen shown in Figure 22, and the middle part at the fixed core 55 of the solenoid electromagnet of twin coil is provided with two permanent magnets 51 and 52 lockers as two positions of divide-shut brake, is the closing position of mechanism shown in the figure.Switching winding 53 logical-direct currents during separating brake, can make permanent magnet 51 and 52 automatic unlockings, adhesive simultaneously moving unshakable in one's determination 56 also spurs actuating bar 57 that non-magnet material makes and drives moving contacts and carry out separating brake, when moving to the separating brake terminal location, moving unshakable in one's determination 56 are automatically locked by permanent magnet 51 and 52, switching winding 53 is de-energized, and separating brake finishes.When the needs release is closed a floodgate, closing coil 54 logical-direct currents, can make permanent magnet 51 and 52 automatic unlockings, adhesive simultaneously moving unshakable in one's determination 56 promotes actuating bar 57 and contact closes a floodgate, when moving to the combined floodgate terminal location, moving unshakable in one's determination 56 are automatically locked at closing position by permanent magnet 51 and 52, and closing coil 54 is de-energized, and closes a floodgate and finishes.

5.5.3 the embodiment of three-stable state permanent-magnet manipulating mechanism

The structural principle of three-stable state permanent-magnet manipulating mechanism is seen shown in Figure 23, middle part at the fixed core 65 of the solenoid electromagnet of twin coil, two permanent magnets 61 and 62 lockers as first separating brake, separating brake and three positions of just closing a floodgate are set, and are the closing position of mechanism shown in the figure.Give coil 64 through a DC during preliminary separating brake, the moving 66 pulling actuating bars 67 unshakable in one's determination of adhesive drive moving contacts and carry out separating brake, and compression switching-in spring 68, give its energy storage.When moving iron core 66 is arrived the centre position by adhesive, automatically locked by permanent magnet 61 and 62, coil 64 is de-energized, and separating brake suspends.When the needs release continues separating brake, through a DC to coil 63, can make permanent magnet 61 and 62 automatic unlockings, moving 66 pulling actuating bars, the 67 drive moving contacts unshakable in one's determination of adhesive continue separating brake once more simultaneously, and continue compression switching-in spring 68, give its energy storage.When moving iron core 66 is arrived the separating brake terminal location by adhesive, automatically locked once more by permanent magnet 61 and 62, coil 63 is de-energized, and separating brake finishes.When the needs release is closed a floodgate, can close a floodgate by automatic unlocking for the logical simultaneously reverse current of coil 63 and 64, when moving unshakable in one's determination 66 moved to the centre position, coil 63 and 64 was de-energized, and moving iron core is automatically locked by permanent magnet 61 and 62 again, closes a floodgate and suspends.When needs release continuation is closed a floodgate, give coil 64 a logical again reverse current, but automatic unlocking continue combined floodgate, coil 64 is de-energized, and closes a floodgate and finishes.

5.5.4 the embodiment of four stable state permanent-magnet manipulating mechanisms

The structural principle of four stable state permanent-magnet manipulating mechanisms is seen shown in Figure 24, two middle parts at the fixed core 78 of the solenoid electromagnet of three-winding, permanent magnet 71 and 72 and 73 and 74 lockers as combined floodgate, first separating brake, separating brake and four positions of just closing a floodgate are set respectively, are the closing position of mechanism shown in the figure.Coil 76 is through a DC during preliminary separating brake, makes 79 releases unshakable in one's determination, and coil 77 is through a DC simultaneously, and adhesive is moving unshakable in one's determination 80, and the actuating bar 81 drive moving contacts that the pulling non-magnet material is made carry out separating brake.When moving iron core 80 is arrived the make position of coil 77 by adhesive, automatically locked by permanent magnet 73 and 74, coil 76 and 77 is cut off the power supply respectively, and separating brake suspends.When the needs release continued separating brake, coil 77 logical reverse currents made 80 releases unshakable in one's determination, the moving iron core 79 of while coil 75 through a DC adhesives, and continue pulling actuating bar 71 drive moving contacts and continue separating brake.When moving iron core 79 is arrived the separating brake terminal location by adhesive, automatically locked once more by permanent magnet 71 and 72, coil 77 and 75 is cut off the power supply respectively, and separating brake finishes.When the needs release was closed a floodgate, coil 75 energisings made core 79 releases, the moving iron core 80 of while coil 77 energising adhesives, and promote actuating bar drive switch on of moving contact.When moving iron core 80 is arrived the make position of coil 77 by adhesive, automatically locked by permanent magnet 73 and 74, coil 75 and 77 is cut off the power supply respectively, closes a floodgate and suspends.When the needs release continues to close a floodgate, coil 77 logical reverse currents make 80 releases unshakable in one's determination, coil 76 energising adhesives moving unshakable in one's determination 79 simultaneously, promote the actuating bar and drive moving contact continuation combined floodgate, when moving iron core 79 was arrived the make position of coil 76 by adhesive, just the terminal location of He Zhaing was automatically locked by permanent magnet 71 and 72 and 73 and 74, coil 76 and 77 is cut off the power supply respectively, closes a floodgate and finishes.

5.6 the optimal way of the anti-spring of half fixed contact locking

5.6.1 adopt the embodiment of electromagnetic lock on half fixed contact

When adopting electromagnetic lock on half fixed contact, as Figure 11 and shown in Figure 13, half fixed contact 3 is not locked when carrying out the position of the preparation of closing a floodgate, only depends on the compression spring of back to press against this position.Moving contact 1 and the moment that half fixed contact 3 has just contacted when closing a floodgate might cause that elastic bounce motion takes place half fixed contact 3, and then starting arc, and this is unallowed.The way that solves has two kinds: a kind of is to open a little lockhole on the actuating bar 6 of the tapered end position of electromagnetic lock 8 in above-mentioned two figure, just can make electromagnetic lock 8 automatically lock actuating bar 6 and half fixed contact 3, can eliminate the bounce motion that half fixed contact when closing a floodgate contacts the initial stage.But when separating brake, at first to give electromagnetic lock 8 energising releases, need the regular hour, so will produce the unfavorable factor that a bit when the short circuit separating brake, quick acting switching-off is responded, might delay the time of several milliseconds～a few tens of milliseconds.The another kind of way that solves is at the self-locking gear that installs an anti-spring on the actuating bar 6 or on half fixed contact 3 of middle phase additional, also can install one additional on half fixed contact of every phase when needing.

5.6.2 the embodiment of the self-locking gear of anti-spring

The structural principle of the self-locking gear of anti-spring is seen shown in Figure 25, and the vertical installation that is arranged in of shown position and every phase fixed contact group is only installed a self-locking gear at half fixed contact place of middle phase and got final product.Among the figure 91 and 92 is the blade of sandwich on the moving contact, and 90 is the blind plug in its outside, and 5 is the actuating bar on the moving contact.3 is half fixed contact, and 6 is its actuating bar.93 and 94 is the slip tapered end of two insulation on the self-locking gear, and 95 and 96 is the compression spring of its both sides, and 97 is its insulator foot.When moving contact inserts fixed contact unit combined floodgate, the blade 91 and 92 of both sides at first inserts and clamps half fixed contact 3 that is locked by self-locking gear already on the moving contact, prevented the spring of half fixed contact, because three-phase half fixed contact is attached on the same actuating bar 6, so three-phase contact bounce can not occur.Then the blind plug 90 of both sides is inserted in the slip tapered end 93 and 94 that insulate on the locking device on the moving contact, and insert can be with the slip tapered end at the synchronization auto-unlocking along with the continuation of closing a floodgate, and is that the quick response during separating brake just of half fixed contact is got ready.When the later half fixed contact of separating brake will reset to the preparation closing position, half fixed contact 3 can back down slip tapered end 93 and 94 automatically, and is automatically locked, and the anti-spring during for combined floodgate is got ready.

5.6.3 adopt the embodiment of permanent magnetism lock on half fixed contact

When adopting the permanent magnetism lock on half fixed contact, can adopt the permanent magnetism lock of twin-lock allocation, select for use the unicoil twin-lock decide permanent magnetism lock or twin coil twin-lock respectively according to the big I of distance of two needs latched positions and decide permanent magnetism and lock, see the structure shown in Figure 20 (b) and Figure 20 (c).In the appropriate location of half fixed contact actuating bar suitable moving iron core is set, can automatically locks the preparation closing position and the first separating brake position of half fixed contact respectively, the spring of half fixed contact in the time of can preventing to close a floodgate, programme controlled substep operation in the time of guaranteeing separating brake again.Also can adopt the permanent magnetism lock of monolock allocation on certain half fixed contact, see the structure shown in Figure 20 (a), in order to lock separating brake position just.But need install the self-locking gear of an anti-spring this moment additional, sees structure shown in Figure 25.

5.6.4 the embodiment of permanent-magnet manipulating mechanism is adopted in the operation of half fixed contact

The operation of half fixed contact of the cut-off switch of dual operation machine is if when adopting permanent-magnet manipulating mechanism, can directly adopt bi-stable permanent magnetism operating mechanism, see structure shown in Figure 22, the needs of programme controlled substep operation in the time of can satisfying the spring of half fixed contact when preventing to close a floodgate and separating brake.Also can adopt monostable separating brake permanent-magnet manipulating mechanism, see structure shown in Figure 21, but need install the automatic blocking of an anti-spring or the permanent magnetism lock of a monolock allocation additional.

5.7 the embodiment of auxiliary switch

The auxiliary switch of cut-off switch can be provided with the divide-shut brake position auxiliary switch of a pair of or two pairs of normally-open normally-close contacts respectively in divide-shut brake position, the two ends of actuating bar, sees shown in Figure 26.Actuating bar 5 is at closing position among the figure, and its connecting rod can make the contact HW action of closing position auxiliary switch; When the actuating bar moves to the separating brake position left, can make the contact FW action of separating brake position auxiliary switch.For two actuating bars of dual operation machine, auxiliary switch 1FW, 1HW and 2FW, the 2HW of moving contact and half fixed contact divide-shut brake position can be set respectively as required.The contact of these auxiliary switches also can adopt the better position transducer of performance to replace.

5.8 the optimal way of control unit

5.8.1 the embodiment of control circuit

Single actuating list transfer control principle is seen shown in Figure 27, and two actuatings list transfer control principles are seen shown in Figure 28, and the two transfer of single actuating control principle is seen shown in Figure 29, and two actuatings pair transfer control principles are seen shown in Figure 30.Among the figure: 1RD, 2RD, 3RD, 4RD are fuse, FA, HA are branch, switch knob, HW, 1HW, 2HW are the closing position auxiliary switch contact, FW, 1FW, 2FW are separating brake position auxiliary switch contact, DS, 1DS, 2DS are electromagnetic lock, and FC, 1FC, 2FC are the separating brake contactor, and FQ, 1FQ, 2FQ are the tripping electromagnet coil, ZJ, 1ZJ, 2ZJ are auxiliary relay, and SJ is the time relay.Control power source bus and separating brake power source bus are the 220V DC power supply shown in the figure, also can adopt the AC power of 220V.

What above-mentioned control principle adopted is relay control, also can adopt the more superior PC control of performance, is compiled into simple point-and-shoot procedure control unit.

5.8.2 operation principle

The operation principle of control circuit shown in Figure 27～30 respectively with the literary composition of this paper 5.3.1.2,5.3.2.2,5.3.3.2,5.3.4.2 described in the operation principle of cut-off switch basic identical, the course of action of relay is consistent with operating sequence.Control circuit shown in Figure 27 and 28 is applicable to the cut-off switch of adapted mercury, sodium, fuse and PTC cutout, and the control circuit shown in Figure 29 and 30 is applicable to the cut-off switch of adapted electronic type cutout.Polytype cut-off switch that the present invention is designed is applicable to the divide-shut brake control of the power circuit of basic, normal, high, super, special electric pressure and various power system capacities respectively, can satisfy the needs of electrical network modernization construction.

Claims (11)

1, a kind of cut-off switch comprises cutout, contact unit, switching mechanism and the control unit structure member that is mutually related, and according to the needs of various electric pressures and current capacity combine and assemble whole or in part, it is characterized in that:

Cutout comprises a kind of microswitch devices or a kind of miniature current-limiting apparatus, in cut-off switch, be connected between the transfer contact and half fixed contact of contact unit, when switch be in operation cutout just by short circuit on the fixed contact group, when switch at the substep separating brake or when closing a floodgate, cutout is just by contact unit moment ground series connection place in circuit, after the cutout disjunction or connecting circuit, contact unit proceeds not have the separate power supplies of the arc or the differential of the arc or the operation of closing a floodgate again;

Contact unit can reliably be powered when switch moves, again can be when the substep divide-shut brake automatic transfer current, contact unit is made of a moving contact and a fixed contact group, a static fixed contact is arranged in the fixed contact group, movable or Immobile half fixed contact and a static transfer contact, fixed contact is connected mains side, half fixed contact is connected load side, moving contact has adopted plug-type way of contact with contacting of fixed contact group, and the structure type of contact unit has single short distance of opening that shifts, single length that shifts is opened distance, two transfer weak points are opened distance and long four types of opening distance of two transfer;

Switching mechanism has been simplified driving-chain, the operational power source is acted directly on the contact, needs according to electric pressure and clearance between open contacts can adopt single operating mechanism or dual operation machine, and adopted the locking device of electromagnetic lock or permanent magnetism lock by the requirement of substep operation, the also employing that has carries the permanent-magnet manipulating mechanism of the tristable of locking device or four stable states, can carry out the locking control of substep operation, also adopted the self-locking gear of anti-spring on half fixed contact in the switching mechanism that has, the structure type of switching mechanism has the single transfevent of single actuating, the single transfevent of two actuatings, the two transfevents of single actuating, four types of the two transfevents of two actuatings;

Control unit adopts relay control or simple PC control, cutout for miniature current-limiting apparatus, be by the totally three step program control of combined floodgate, first separating brake and separating brake, cutout for microswitch devices, be by the totally four step program control of first combined floodgate, combined floodgate, first separating brake and separating brake, its control circuit has four kinds of control circuits of the single transfevent of single actuating, the single transfevent of two actuating, the two transfevents of single actuating, the two transfevents of two actuating.

2, cut-off switch as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described microswitch devices, is with the chip of thyristor and the electronic type cutout of miniature control circuit assembling, can carry out the no arc of moment to circuit and connect or disjunction; Be applied in circuits for triggering and control power supply need be set in the low-voltage alternating-current electrical network, directly three-phase inlet wire and the outlet two ends with existing lv contactor or on-load switch or circuit breaker are connected in parallel respectively, can constitute Switch without electric arc.

3, cut-off switch as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described miniature current-limiting apparatus, be to make the mercury cutout of current limiting element or make the sodium cutout of current limiting element or do the fused cutout of circuit flowing element or make the PTC cutout of current limiting element, can only be used for the branch deenergizing with ptc material with fuse with sodium with mercury;

Its specifically being characterised in that separately:

(1), mercury cutout, be with circular or oblate resistant to elevated temperatures insulation shell, tube shell bottom has sulculus one, putting into mercury in the groove is communicated with the shell two ends, the shell two ends are by the conductive copper cap closure, requirement according to electric pressure can be set up the insulation baffle on inner wall of tube shell, and fills with air or vacuum or insulating oil;

(2), sodium cutout, it is the tube-shaped structure that one or both ends have piston or bellows, it is the resistant to elevated temperatures insulation shell that a tubule road is arranged with middle, the shell two ends are had the conductive copper cap or the bellows cap closure of cavity, filling sodium metal the two ends pipe cap is communicated with in the tubule road, piston can move in the cavity of copper cap, is installed in the cut-off switch, and piston rod is connected on the auxiliary connecting rod of operating mechanism; If what adopt is bellows, then bellows can be done telescopic moving under the thrust of the auxiliary connecting rod of operating mechanism;

(3), fused cutout, its structural similarity is in tube fuse, volume is less, metal fuse is thinner, except filling quartz sand, can adopt vacuum or insulating oil or SF in its insulation shell ₆Dielectric, the structural principle that has also adopted the bore bullet to load automatically can be changed a standby cutout automatically behind each separating brake;

(4), the PTC cutout, its structural similarity is characterized in that in the middle of common insulating material in existing a kind of current-limiting resistance that can rapid-action has positive temperature characterisitic, fills the PTC temperature-sensitive element that electrically conductive particles with certain density is combined into.

4, cut-off switch as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that described electronic type cutout, can with mercury cutout, sodium cutout, PTC cutout respectively combine and assemble become hybrid no arc cutout, only be applicable to the circuit disjunction of various electric pressures and current capacity.

5, cut-off switch as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described contact unit, according to the needs of electric pressure and clearance between open contacts, contact unit can be put into air or insulating oil, vacuum, SF are housed ₆In the insulation shell of dielectric.

6, cut-off switch as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described operational power source, according to the needs of electric pressure and actuating stroke,, also can adopt spring energy-storage, motor, hydraulic mechanism or destructor as the operational power source except adopting electromagnet as the operational power source.

7, cut-off switch according to claim 1 is characterized in that described dual operation machine, and moving contact is connected on the actuating bar of a mechanism, and half fixed contact is connected on the actuating bar of another mechanism.

8, cut-off switch as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described electromagnetic lock, is that a little spring, one are connected little locking bar on the iron core and the auxiliary contact of two pairs of normally-open normally-closes is constituted by being with on a little solenoid electromagnet, the moving iron core; During its coil no power, can carry out automatic blocking; During coil electricity, can quick release.

9, cut-off switch as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described permanent magnetism lock, is made up of the little solenoid of a band permanent magnet, and the actuating bar of switching mechanism passes in the middle of little solenoid, and on this actuating bar a bit of iron core is arranged; The actuating bar when this iron leg heart enters into little solenoid, is just automatically locked by the magnetic attraction of permanent magnet when motion; If desired during release, little solenoidal coil electricity, its electromagnetic force will be offset permanent magnetism suction, and the actuating bar just can be by quick release, and this is the permanent magnetism lock of unicoil monolock button; Also can on the position of the two or more different needs of actuating bar, a bit of iron core be set respectively, can be made into unicoil twin-lock permanent magnetism locks button or many snap closes; Also can be designed to the permanent magnetism lock of twin coil twin-lock button.

10, cut-off switch as claimed in claim 1, the permanent-magnet manipulating mechanism that it is characterized in that described tristable or four stable states, its tristable permanent-magnet manipulating mechanism has been Duoed a stable state than bistable in operating process, can carry out three step procedure operation of separating brake, separating brake and combined floodgate just; The permanent-magnet manipulating mechanism of its four stable state has been Duoed two stable states than bistable in operating process, the four step procedure operation that can carry out just separating brake, separating brake and just close a floodgate, close a floodgate.

11, cut-off switch as claimed in claim 1, the self-locking gear that it is characterized in that described anti-spring, it is the outside at half fixed contact of the middle phase of threephase switch mechanism, install the device of an energy automatic blocking additional at the root place on this contact top, install the plug of an energy automatic unlocking in the outside of its corresponding moving contact additional, in the process of divide-shut brake, can carry out automatic locking and release automatically.

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