CN1233601C - Production method of multi-nutrient green manure of controlling releasing - Google Patents
Production method of multi-nutrient green manure of controlling releasing Download PDFInfo
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- CN1233601C CN1233601C CNB2004100044928A CN200410004492A CN1233601C CN 1233601 C CN1233601 C CN 1233601C CN B2004100044928 A CNB2004100044928 A CN B2004100044928A CN 200410004492 A CN200410004492 A CN 200410004492A CN 1233601 C CN1233601 C CN 1233601C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a production method of green control and release multi-nutrient fertilizer or a production method of nutrient structure type control and release fertilizer. A high nitrogen organic compound, a urea transconformation compound and an inorganic compound of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are used as main materials, fertilizer containing potassium and a granulating agent are used as auxiliary materials, and thus, the green control and release multi-nutrient fertilizer or the nutrient structure type control and release fertilizer is produced by a series of processing steps. The fertilizer comprises nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sulfur, boron, etc., wherein the nutrient of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium is from 30% to 35%; micronutrients are from 5% to 10%; a nutrient releasing period is more than 70 days, and the proportion of organic nitrogen element nutrients to inorganic nitrogen element nutrients is 1: 1; soluble organic nitrogen is 50% of total organic nitrogen; phosphorus element nutrients of weak acid dissolving phosphorus and organic phosphorus are 50% of the total phosphorus; series control and release special fertilizer of a type with high nitrogen, high phosphorus and low potassium, a type with low nitrogen, high phosphorus and low potassium and a type with balanced nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be produced according to plant species. The content of virulent heavy metals of Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr and As of fertilizer products and plant harvested products is in accordance with that of national limit standards by detection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the novel agricultural technical field of fertilizers, particularly relate to a kind of many nutrient fertilizers of controlled release production method, in other words nutrient structure type release and release control fertilizer production method.
Background technology
Chemical fertilizer is one of most important production means of modern agriculture.Yet along with chemical fertilizer increasing considerably of chemical nitrogen fertilizer amount of application particularly, the safety of agricultural product quality and ecotope is subjected to great threat, and that major cause is that generalization (nitrogen) fertilizer nutrient discharges is fast, the plant utilization rate is low, the loss big.
Controlled release (slowly-releasing) fertilizer is that a class nutrient discharge to be fit to plant nutrition needs, plant recovery of nutrient height, new-type fertilizer that environmental pollution is little, its research starts from the U.S. of middle 1960s, and countries such as the U.S., Canada, Britain, Japan, Israel have product to come out one after another thereafter.Occupy the prostatitis of release and release control fertilizer research in recent years with the U.S. and Japan.At present, countries in the world have been obtained the release and release control fertilizer of patent, based on the coating bag by the coated fertilizer of dissolved fertilizer, chemistry or biodegradable micro-soluble material Quality Control release fertilizer; Its controlled-release material is mainly inorganics and organism two classes.Inorganics has silicon, sulphur, gypsum, phosphoric acid salt etc., organism mainly contains natural, half-natural and synthetic high molecular weight hydrophilic polymkeric substance and part chemical preparations.Wherein, natural polymer has protein, saccharan, xylogen, rubber, semi synthetic polymer mostly is various natural polymers and combines and form with the petrochemical industry reactor product, synthetic polymer is the olefin polymerization colloidal sol that forms with ethene and propylene monomer derivative, and chemical preparations adopts in controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor.Aspect the fertilizer nutrient kind, study based on controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer.The coating kryptol ammonium slow-release fertilizer that China makes with carbon ammonium and magnesium ammonium phosphate in the research of phase early 1970s, but do not form scale production; Pay attention to studying controlled release fertilizer the end of the eighties once again, obtain 10 kinds of the product less thaies of national inventing patent so far, the controlled-release technology characteristics are coating and organic and inorganic fertilizer mixing granulation in these products.Domestic some recent research reports mainly are coating (wrapping up in) type release and release control fertilizers, and have many products to come from abroad.Obviously, the research of China's controlled release fertilizer is subjected to external influence big on general thought.
The fertile research of controlled release both at home and abroad at present mainly shows as heavy lightweight, the light compound nutrient of diazonium, does not relate to toxic heavy metal, only consider a problem from chemical fertilizer physicochemical property and chemical industry products production technology (i.e. remodeling) angle, shortage is taken all factors into consideration development and design novel controlled release fertilizer from agrochemistry proterties (particularly the nutrient of fertilizer is formed structure), plant nutrition characteristics, soil physical chemistry and biochemical characteristic, production technology and the cost of fertilizer, thereby forms release and release control fertilizer production and applied research characteristics based on coating controlled-release fertilizer, controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer.Its result certainly will cause the product cost height to have secondary pollution concurrently, is mainly used in non-agricultural market (reaching 92% as the U.S.); Controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer nitrogen utilization efficiency is not high, application is limited, is difficult to satisfy multiple nutrient balance of plant and development famous-particular-excellent agricultural-food fertilizer practice needs.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide lower, the multiple nutrient of a kind of no chemical pollution (synthetic macromolecule polyolefins, toxic heavy metal), production cost to coordinate supply, plant recovery of nutrient height, help the many nutrient fertilizers of nutrient structure type (non-coating) controlled release of single fertilization, agricultural product quality and safety and eco-friendly.
Many nutrient fertilizers of controlled release production method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1) rapeseed meal, fish meal, the feather meal with particle≤0.25mm mixes with any mass ratio, adds the urea of 0.6～0.8 times of quality, stirs, and adding concentration then is isopyknic H of 2～5 mol/l
2SO
4, H
3PO
4And HNO
3The rapidly-decomposing of forming, making the mass ratio of organism and decomposition agent is 1: 0.4～0.6, stirs, effect is 48 hours under 50 ℃～60 ℃ conditions, the bone meal that adds previous reaction amount 25～40%, mixing, balance 6～12 hours get high nitrogen organic double compound;
(2) in mass, get 25～35% urea, add 10～20% vitriol oils, the bone black of question response complete back adding 30～45% and 8～15% bone meal stir, and are chilled to room temperature, get urea mixture transition;
(3) in mass, get 45～60% KH
2PO
4, 25～40% NH
4H
2PO
4Dicyanodiamide with 10～18% adds 0.5～1 times of water, makes its dissolving under 70～80 ℃, through cooling off, dehydrating, obtains nitrogen phosphorus potassium inorganic complex;
(4) zeolite of particle≤0.1mm and starch are mixed by 1: 0.2～0.4 mass ratio obtain the granulating adjusting control agent;
(5) by mass percentage, with 32～45% high nitrogen organic double compounds, 16～30% urea mixture transition, 20～36% nitrogen phosphorus potassium inorganic complexs, 8～15%KNO
3Or K
2SO
4Mix, pulverized 0.4mm sieve, add 7～12% granulating adjusting control agents, stir, granulation, promptly get the many nutrient fertilizers of controlled release.
Each batching that the many nutrient fertilizers of controlled release of the present invention are selected for use should meet following table and require:
| Raw material | Requirement | Raw material | Requirement |
| Rapeseed meal | ≤0.25mm | HNO 3 | 65％(w/w) |
| Fish meal | ≤0.25mm | KH 2PO 4 | Contain P 2O 5〉=50%, contain K 2O≥30％ |
| Feather meal | ≤0.25mm | NH 4H 2PO 4 | Contain N 〉=10%, contain P 2O 5≥50％ |
| Urea | Contain N 〉=46% | Dicyanodiamide | Contain (NH 2) 2CNCN≥95％ |
| Bone black | ≤0.25mm | K 2SO 4 | Contain K 2O≥50％ |
| Bone meal | ≤0.25mm | Zeolite | ≤0.1mm |
| H 2SO 4 | ?95％(w/w) | Starch | ≤0.1mm |
| H 3PO 4 | ?80％(w/w) |
Fig. 1 is many nutrient fertilizers of controlled release technological process of production figure of the present invention.
The many nutrient fertilizers of controlled release provided by the invention contain nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sulphur, boron, wherein npk nutrient is 30%～35%, middle micronutrient 5%～10%, fertilizer releasing period is more than 70 days, nitrogen nutrient is organic: inorganic is 1: 1, soluble organic nitrogen accounts for 50% of total organic nitrogen, the phosphorus attainment divides molten phosphorus of weak acid and organophosphorus to account for 50% of total phosphorus, after testing, toxic heavy metal Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr, As content meet national limit standard, and plant cutting toxic heavy metal content meets national corresponding limit standard.
The many nutrient fertilizers of controlled release provided by the invention are used according to a conventional method, mainly are used as base manure, can do perennial plants such as fruit tree, Chinese medicinal materialss and topdress.
The many nutrient fertilizers of controlled release of the present invention can be produced serial controlled release special fertilizer material by floristics, comprise that high nitrogen high phosphorus hangs down potassium type, the low high potassium type of nitrogen high phosphorus, nitrogen phosphorus potassium balance type.
The present invention has following advantage:
1, the many nutrient fertilizers of controlled release of the present invention, system is compound with the high-quality control-released agent with same nutrient multi-component (form) combination, be aided with the granulating control techniques and replace coating (wrapping up in) agent realization fertilizer control release, with the assembly of plant essential nutrient element science, reach nutrient supply space-time dynamic balance, realize the efficient utilization of plant to fertilizer, adopt fertilizer structure reorganization compounding technology, natural fertile with organism and the high-quality inorganic nutrients controlled release principle (chemistry that organically blends, biological, the mechanisms of action such as physics) and technology, make single filmcoated controlled release fertilizer development to polymorphic type, the compound controlled-release technology development of multipath, the novel controlled release fertilizer safety and effectivity of initiative, efficiently, particularly reducing the release and release control fertilizer production cost, help the fertile aspect of agricultural cultivation plant application controlled release and have special advantages.
2, the many nutrient fertilizers of controlled release of the present invention meet domestic and international fertilizer science researchdevelopment trend, particularly select, discharge to satisfy the plant nutrition needs with nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus in nutrient structure composition and the multiple action control fertilizer based on the fertilizer and the material of nontoxicity heavy metal contamination, than the release and release control fertilizer of domestic and international popular coating (wrapping up in) type based on control nitrogen, tool vast potential for future development aspect raising fertilizer nutrient utilising efficiency, minimizing chemical substance potentially contaminated, guarantee vegetable food production safety and ecological environment security.
3, the application of the many nutrient fertilizers of controlled release of the present invention in agricultural, can not only reduce the fertilizer input, promote high quality agricultural products particularly high-quality economic plants product increase and improve peasant's income, and help promoting technique of balanced fertilizer and improving the agricultural science and technology level in China.Through in economic plants Preliminary experiment results such as Chongqing region oranges and tangerines, pimento, the coptiss, significantly increase production and improve quality, increase economic efficiency; Nitrogen, phosphorus, clock plant recovery of nutrient all improve more than 10%.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
A. rapeseed meal, fish meal, the feather meal with particle≤0.25mm mixes with any mass ratio, adds the urea of 0.8 times of quality, stirs, and adding isopyknic concentration then is 5mol/l H
2SO
4, 4mol/l H
3PO
4With 2mol/l HNO
3The rapidly-decomposing of forming, making the mass ratio of organism and decomposition agent is 1: 0.4, stirs, and effect is 48 hours under 60 ℃ of conditions, and the adding mass ratio is 40% bone meal, mixing, balance 8 hours.
B. in mass, get 30% urea, add 20% the vitriol oil, the bone black of question response complete back adding 40% and 10% bone meal stir, and are chilled to room temperature.
C. in mass, get 57% KH
2PO
4, 28% NH
4H
2PO
4Dicyanodiamide with 15% adds 0.5 times of water, makes its dissolving under 80 ℃, cools off, dehydrates.
D. get a, b, c three components each 45 parts, 16 parts, 20 parts and KNO
310 parts, mix, cross the 0.4mm sieve, add 9 parts of zeolites and starch mixture (mass ratio is 1: 0.2), stir, granulation, drying, packing promptly gets product.
Embodiment 2:
A. rapeseed meal, fish meal, the feather meal with particle≤0.25mm mixes with any mass ratio, adds the urea of 0.6 times of quality, stirs, and adding isopyknic concentration then is 4mol/l H
2SO
4, 4mol/l H
3PO
4With 5mol/l HNO
3The rapidly-decomposing of forming, making the mass ratio of organism and decomposition agent is 1: 0.5, stirs, and effect is 48 hours under 50 ℃ of conditions, and the adding mass ratio is 25% bone meal, mixing, balance 12 hours.
B. in mass, get 25% urea, add 20% the vitriol oil, the bone black of question response complete back adding 45% and 10% bone meal stir, and are chilled to room temperature.
C. in mass, get 58% KH
2PO
4, 30% NH
4H
2PO
4Dicyanodiamide with 12% adds 1 times of water, makes its dissolving under 70 ℃, cools off, dehydrates.
D. get a, b, c three components each 32 parts, 18 parts, 25 parts and K
2SO
415 parts, mix, cross the 0.4mm sieve, add 10 parts of zeolites and starch mixture (mass ratio is 1: 0.3), stir, granulation, drying, packing promptly gets product.
Embodiment 3:
A. rapeseed meal, fish meal, the feather meal with particle≤0.25mm mixes with any mass ratio, adds the urea of 0.7 times of quality, stirs, and adding isopyknic concentration then is 3mol/l H
2SO
4, 4mol/l H
3PO
4With 4mol/l HNO
3The rapidly-decomposing of forming, making the mass ratio of organism and decomposition agent is 1: 0.6, stirs, and effect is 48 hours under 55 ℃ of conditions, and the adding mass ratio is 36% bone meal, mixing, balance 6 hours.
B. in mass, get 32% urea, add 18% the vitriol oil, the bone black of question response complete back adding 35% and 15% bone meal stir, and are chilled to room temperature.
C. in mass, get 45% KH
2PO
4, 40% NH
4H
2PO
4Dicyanodiamide with 15% adds 0.8 times of water, makes its dissolving under 75 ℃, cools off, dehydrates.
D. get a, b, c three components each 35 parts, 16 parts, 22 parts and KNO
315 parts, mix, cross the 0.4mm sieve, add 12 parts of zeolites and starch mixture (mass ratio is 1: 0.3), stir, granulation, drying, packing promptly gets product.
Embodiment 4:
A. rapeseed meal, fish meal, the feather meal with particle≤0.25mm mixes with any mass ratio, adds the urea of 0.75 times of quality, stirs, and adding isopyknic concentration then is 2mol/l H
2SO
4, 5mol/l H
3PO
4With 4mol/l HNO
3The rapidly-decomposing of forming, making the mass ratio of organism and decomposition agent is 1: 0.6, stirs, and effect is 48 hours under 60 ℃ of conditions, and the adding mass ratio is 32% bone meal, mixing, balance 10 hours.
B. in mass, get 28% urea, add 16% the vitriol oil, the bone black of question response complete back adding 44% and 12% bone meal stir, and are chilled to room temperature.
C. in mass, get 50% KH
2PO
4, 32% NH
4H
2PO
4Dicyanodiamide with 18% adds 0.8 times of water, makes its dissolving under 75 ℃, cools off, dehydrates.
D. get a, b, c three components each 32 parts, 17 parts, 36 parts and K
2SO
48 parts, mix, cross the 0.4mm sieve, add 7 parts of zeolites and starch mixture (mass ratio is 1: 0.25), stir, granulation, drying, packing promptly gets product.
Embodiment 5:
A. rapeseed meal, fish meal, the feather meal with particle≤0.25mm mixes with any mass ratio, adds the urea of 0.6 times of quality, stirs, and adding isopyknic concentration then is 5mol/l H
2SO
4, 4mol/l H
3PO
4With 3mol/l HNO
3The rapidly-decomposing of forming, making the mass ratio of organism and decomposition agent is 1: 0.6, stirs, and effect is 48 hours under 50 ℃ of conditions, and the adding mass ratio is 36% bone meal, mixing, balance 7 hours.
B. in mass, get 35% urea, add 18% the vitriol oil, the bone black of question response complete back adding 38% and 9% bone meal stir, and are chilled to room temperature.
C. in mass, get 55% KH
2PO
4, 35% NH
4H
2PO
4Dicyanodiamide with 10% adds 0.6 times of water, makes its dissolving under 80 ℃, cools off, dehydrates.
D. get a, b, c three components each 32 parts, 30 parts, 20 parts and KNO
38 parts, mix, cross the 0.4mm sieve, add 10 parts of zeolites and starch mixture (mass ratio is 1: 0.2), stir, granulation, drying, packing promptly gets product.
Embodiment 6:
A. rapeseed meal, fish meal, the feather meal with particle≤0.25mm mixes with any mass ratio, adds the urea of 0.8 times of quality, stirs, and adding isopyknic concentration then is 4mol/l H
2SO
4, 2mol/l H
3PO
4With 4mol/l HNO
3The rapidly-decomposing of forming, making the mass ratio of organism and decomposition agent is 1: 0.5, stirs, and effect is 48 hours under 55 ℃ of conditions, and the adding mass ratio is 30% bone meal, mixing, balance 12 hours.
B. in mass, get 30% urea, add 10% the vitriol oil, the bone black of question response complete back adding 45% and 15% bone meal stir, and are chilled to room temperature.
C. in mass, get 60% KH
2PO
4, 22% NH
4H
2PO
4Dicyanodiamide with 18% adds 1 times of water, makes its dissolving under 78 ℃, cools off, dehydrates.
D. get a, b, c three components each 35 parts, 21 parts, 26 parts and K
2SO
410 parts, mix, cross the 0.4mm sieve, add 8 parts of zeolites and starch mixture (mass ratio is 1: 0.4), stir, granulation, drying, packing promptly gets product.
Claims (1)
1, a kind of green many nutrient fertilizers of controlled release production method is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) rapeseed meal, fish meal, the feather meal with particle≤0.25mm mixes with any mass ratio, adds the urea of 0.6～0.8 times of quality, stirs, and adding concentration then is isopyknic H of 2～5mol/l
2SO
4, H
3PO
4And HNO
3The rapidly-decomposing of forming, making the mass ratio of organism and decomposition agent is 1: 0.4～0.6, stirs, effect is 48 hours under 50 ℃～60 ℃ conditions, the bone meal that adds previous reaction amount 25～40%, mixing, balance 6～12 hours get high nitrogen organic double compound;
(2) in mass, get 25～35% urea, add 10～20% vitriol oils, the bone black of question response complete back adding 30～45% and 8～15% bone meal stir, and are chilled to room temperature, get urea mixture transition;
(3) in mass, get 45～60% KH
2PO
4, 25～40% NH
4H
2PO
4Dicyanodiamide with 10～18% adds 0.5～1 times of water, makes its dissolving under 70～80 ℃, through cooling off, dehydrating, obtains nitrogen phosphorus potassium inorganic complex;
(4) zeolite of particle≤0.1mm and starch are mixed by 1: 0.2～0.4 mass ratio obtain the granulating adjusting control agent;
(5) by mass percentage, with 32～45% high nitrogen organic double compounds, 16～30% urea mixture transition, 20～36% nitrogen phosphorus potassium inorganic complexs, 8～15%KNO
3Or K
2SO
4Mix, pulverized 0.4mm sieve, add 7～12% granulating adjusting control agents, stir, granulation, promptly get the many nutrient fertilizers of green controlled release.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100044928A CN1233601C (en) | 2004-02-27 | 2004-02-27 | Production method of multi-nutrient green manure of controlling releasing |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100044928A CN1233601C (en) | 2004-02-27 | 2004-02-27 | Production method of multi-nutrient green manure of controlling releasing |
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|---|---|
| CN1559996A CN1559996A (en) | 2005-01-05 |
| CN1233601C true CN1233601C (en) | 2005-12-28 |
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ID=34439572
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100044928A Expired - Fee Related CN1233601C (en) | 2004-02-27 | 2004-02-27 | Production method of multi-nutrient green manure of controlling releasing |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100384790C (en) * | 2006-07-25 | 2008-04-30 | 天津大学 | Slow released urea fertilizer and its prepn |
| CN101972626B (en) * | 2010-09-08 | 2012-12-05 | 陆志宏 | Multi-purpose zeolite particles and preparation method thereof |
| CN102126895B (en) * | 2011-04-18 | 2013-12-25 | 西南大学 | Fertilizer special for turnip and preparation method thereof |
| CN104108991A (en) * | 2014-06-23 | 2014-10-22 | 合肥长润农业科技有限公司 | Catechol-containing polyurethane coated slow release compound fertilizer |
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2004
- 2004-02-27 CN CNB2004100044928A patent/CN1233601C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN1559996A (en) | 2005-01-05 |
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