CN1233310C - 风湿膏药的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种降温后放入原料药能提高膏药质量的制备方法,它是以中草药为原料药,配以铅丹、芝麻油制备的膏药,其特征在于改进传统方法,用芝麻油高温炼油,炼至滴水成珠,降温下铅丹,升温成膏后停火降温,原料药干燥粉碎成细粉慢慢地撤入膏内发泡,药膏再升温化合后,再降温后舀起药膏,慢慢以细流淌入冷水中去火毒,采用上述本发明后,原料药不再经过高温碳化,药理性质、生物活性不被高温破坏,膏药质量提高,疗效更显著。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种风湿膏药制备方法,尤其是一种用中草药、铅丹和芝麻油制备膏药的方法。
背景技术
风湿病是一种慢性迁移的疾病,几乎累及骨、关节、肌肉以及有关软组织的一类疾病,以疼痛为主要症状,给病人带来无尽痛苦,要止住疼痛,外用药就要用膏药,目前在市场上最常见的膏药有两种,一种是胶布膏药,贴后皮肤刺激发红、瘙痒;另一种是中草药熬制成的狗皮膏药,因已去火毒,贴敷后不会瘙痒,是祖国医药中的一个重要组成部分,但其效果疗效不明显而快要绝迹了,其原因是制备工艺落后,中国传统的制备是先把原料药用切刀切成片,下油锅炸料提取药的有效成份,炸至焦枯用漏勺把药渣丢弃,热油再炼至滴水成珠(320℃)再入丹成膏。原料药炸那么一下,药中成份能炸出多少?,即使炸出一点可怜的有效成份,又要经过320℃高温早已碳化了,原料药都失去了有效成份和生物活性,贴敷在疼痛处也是冰冷的,所以疗效不显著,有点疗效也是铅丹经高温制作后有拔毒生肌止痛的功效存在,才使膏药有那么一点疗效。
上海科学技术出版社出版的《实用中医内科大膏药手册》第3-4页和湖南科学技术出版社出版的《常用中草药加工手册》第299-300页,二书中介绍的膏药制备方法,也都是把原料药先切片,放入油锅内炸焦枯弃渣,热药油再经320℃入丹成膏。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种风湿膏药制备方法,此法克服了传统方法原料药要切片炸焦弃渣再经过320℃高温碳化的上述问题,应用此种方法可以使原料药经粉碎后溶化在膏药里,不必经过高温碳化,药理性质及有效成份,不被高温破坏,降温后放入原料药的制备方法能使膏药质量得到提高。
本发明的特征在于原料药按下列重量份组成:雪上一支蒿10、栀子10、桂皮5、独活5、乳香3、草乌15、马钱子2、没药3、川乌15,将全部原料药混合后干燥粉碎成120目细粉备用;取芝麻油加温至300~320℃炼油,降温至250~270℃加入铅丹;再升温至300~320℃,降温至80~100℃加入细粉原料药,最后升温到150~180℃,降温至80~100℃,淌入冷水中去火毒成膏。
本发明的制备方法详述如下:
1、炼油:取3000克芝麻油放在铁锅里炼油,炼油是熬制膏药的重要关键,要达到320℃,油脂才会氧化、聚合、增稠。要达到取少量油滴入水中,待油散开后又集聚,即滴水成珠时为准,才适合制膏要求。
2、下丹:将炼好的油降温,不降温下丹反应强烈,易着火,油温降至250℃-270℃慢慢将铅丹又名红丹,主要成份含四氧化三铅(Pb3O4)撒入油中,用木棒不停地搅拌,下丹的比例为3000克芝麻油下丹1400-1500克,严格丹和油的比例,比例不当,会造成膏药过老或过嫩。
3、成膏:下丹后的温度低,反应不激烈,油丹化合不完全,形成冒死丹,反应生成脂肪酸铅盐。此时要升温至300℃,加温后,铅盐进一步促进油脂氧化、聚合,油被铅丹氧化,油丹化合,丹的红色消失,亦由棕褐色变成黑褐色,增稠成膏。
4、降温入药:把已成膏油降温至80℃-100℃,慢慢地把1000克原料药细粉撒入油膏中,这时会激烈反应,产生大量泡沫,要不停用木棒顺一个方向不停地搅拌,这时的比例是:原料药1000克,芝麻油3000克,铅丹1400克-1500克。
5、升温化合:放完原料药后,观察反应泡沫减少后升温至150℃-180℃,升温后,体积比原来增加,表示药油丹化合完全,这时取250毫升水慢慢少量滴或细喷入油中遇火,水加完烟气散尽,膏药明亮如漆。
6、去火毒:降温去火毒,降温至100℃,用大勺舀取药膏,慢慢地以最细的细流淌入盛有冷水的桶中去火毒,因用药油丹化合熬制成的药膏,如果直接应用,往往会对皮肤局部产生刺激,轻者出现红斑、瘙痒,重者会发泡溃烂,这称为火毒,在药膏制成后,要把药膏放入冷水洗涤或浸泡八天。
7、摊涂:八天后捞出已去火毒的膏药坯,慢慢加热熔化,熔化后加100克冰片,100克樟脑,搅匀后摊涂在16cm×20cm的狗皮或细帆布、牛皮纸上,摊时趁热对折起来,冷却后包装在印有商标和说明书的塑料包装里即为成品。
使用方法,只需用火烘软,打开对折、直接贴在疼痛处。
本明由于采用了降温后放入细粉原料药的方法,原料药不经过320℃高温炸焦枯丢弃药渣,因而原料药的有效成份不被高温碳化,物理性质不被破坏,贴敷在疼痛处有温热感;又由于原料药细粉已经撤入在药膏里,原料药在药膏里可一直都能起到疗效作用,这样疗效更显著。
本发明提供的膏药经临床使用结果,如下表:
病种 | 就诊人数 | 显著减轻 | 减轻 | 无效 |
肩部肌筋膜综合症(背寒) | 200 | 180 | 20 | |
腰肌劳损 | 50 | 50 | ||
腰急性扭伤 | 20 | 20 | ||
肩周炎 | 300 | 250 | 40 | 10 |
腿关节疼痛 | 400 | 300 | 100 | |
腰椎骨质增生 | 50 | 20 | 30 |
从就诊1千余人贴用本发明膏药,除10人无效是检查肺部有毛病外,其余均有效。
具体实施方式
准备工作注意事项:准备口径为60cm的铁锅一口,相应薄铁板盖一个,带有手柄,以防油料着火,快速作盖火用。铁锅口径不宜大,大了油装多搅不匀,油也炼不透,膏药质量不好。小了下丹时油溢出来,容易着火和浪费。
最好在室外搭棚子,搭棚最好用钢管、石棉瓦,不宜用木料,以免着火引起火灾。炼油时会产生大量的烟在屋中烟气太呛人。大批量生产膏药油锅不能连在一起,否则要砌隔火墙,以免着火,并安装排风扇。
生产方法如下:
按下述配比称取原料(千克):
雪上一支蒿 10 栀子 10 桂皮 5
独 活 5 乳香 3 草乌 15
马钱子 2 没药 3 川乌 15
将上述全部原料称取、干燥后拌在一起粉碎至120目细粉,不能单独粉碎,一定要全部拌起来,粉碎时一定戴口罩。
取芝麻油3000克,因芝麻油药性清凉,辅有消炎作用,泡沫小,制得膏药外观光亮。如果没有芝麻油,也可选用棉籽油、豆油、菜籽油、花生油,只要皂化价在180-200,磺价在100-130以用。炼油是熬制膏药的关键,要随时观察油烟,开始为青色,随着温度升高逐渐转黑而浓,慢慢为白色浓烟,随着温度不断升高要不停地加快撩油速度,以免锅内着火,如果锅内着火,即可用铁锅盖将火盖灭,正确的方法是:右手不停地撩油和放温度计观察温度,左手一直拎着铁锅盖随时准备灭火,后边风扇吹着油烟,一直熬到300℃,用竹筷沾锅内热油滴入凉水中,其油珠圆整,用竹丝扦将圆珠压沉凉水底不散,称为“滴水成珠”,再加高温度至320℃,这时要不停地撩油,时间3--5分钟后准备降温下丹,高温不能下丹,以免反应激烈着火危险,把温度降为250℃-270℃时慢慢徐徐地加入铅丹(又叫红丹)主要成份含四氧化三铅(Pb3O4),下丹的比例3000克油下丹1400-1500克,一定要严格按比例下丹,如果比例不当,膏药就会过老或过嫩,质量不好,下丹要有耐性,不可贪多贪快,每次加少许,要向一个方向不停地搅拌,注意油的温度,如温度下降,油丹化合不好,冒死丹,丹下完后这时要升高温度至300℃,使药丹化合。成膏后要降温入药,把油膏温度降至80℃-100℃,把原料药慢慢地撒入油膏中,这时会产生大量泡沫,要不停地用木棒朝一个方向搅拌,以免溢出锅外,此时的比例是原料药1000克,芝麻油3000克,铅丹1400-1500克,放完原料药后,观察泡沫减少后,再次升温到150℃-180℃,不升温,药油膏不化合,一砣一砣地不散,升温后,体积比原来增加,表示化合。这时取250毫升凉水,慢慢少量滴或细喷入油中退火,水加完,烟气散尽,膏药明亮如漆。这时还要去火毒才能用,降温至100℃,用大勺舀起药膏,慢慢地以最细的细流淌入盛有凉水的桶中浸泡八天,不必换水,八天后捞出加热熔化,熔化后加100克冰片,100克樟脑搅匀后摊涂在16×20cm的狗皮或细帆布、牛皮纸上,对折冷却后包装在印有商标和说明的塑料包装袋里就为成品。
Claims (1)
1、一种风湿膏药的制备方法,其特征在于原料药按下列重量份组成:雪上一支蒿10、栀子10、桂皮5、独活5、乳香3、草乌15、马钱子2、没药3、川乌15,将全部原料药混合后干燥粉碎成120目细粉备用;取芝麻油加温至300~320℃炼油,降温至250~270℃加入铅丹;再升温至300~320℃,降温至80~100℃加入细粉原料药,最后升温到150~180℃,降温至80~100℃,淌入冷水中去火毒成膏。
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CN110946959A (zh) * | 2018-09-27 | 2020-04-03 | 宁夏力灵医药有限公司 | 一种治疗风湿病的膏药及其制备方法 |
CN109954042A (zh) * | 2019-04-17 | 2019-07-02 | 王立文 | 一种琥珀膏及其制备方法 |
CN110812464A (zh) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-02-21 | 陕西中医药大学 | 一种防治关节炎的药物组合物及其制备方法 |
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