CN1232885A - 一种原子团簇过冷熔体凝固的方法 - Google Patents

一种原子团簇过冷熔体凝固的方法 Download PDF

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CN1232885A
CN1232885A CN 98107568 CN98107568A CN1232885A CN 1232885 A CN1232885 A CN 1232885A CN 98107568 CN98107568 CN 98107568 CN 98107568 A CN98107568 A CN 98107568A CN 1232885 A CN1232885 A CN 1232885A
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CN1073643C (zh
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王文魁
刘日平
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Yanshan University
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Abstract

本发明属于材料科学领域。其要点是:在真空或充满保护气体的固化室(1)内,用悬浮装置(2)将纯净样品(4)悬浮起来;或在浅碟型坩埚底部放置一层合适的玻璃助熔剂以保证纯净样品与坩埚分离,采用电阻加热、激光加热等方法将纯净样品熔化,然后冷却,当过冷到一定程度后引入原子团簇触发过冷样品凝固。该方法可向过冷金属及合金样品直接引入与晶核具有相同尺寸量级的原子团簇以触发并控制形核过程,获得所需凝固组织。

Description

一种原子团簇过冷熔体凝固的方法
本发明属于材料科学领域。
随着现代科学技术的发展,具有特殊使用性能的各种新型金属及合金材料越来越受到工业生产的青睐。这些特殊性能的获得主要是通过改变材料的内部显微组织结构来实现的。因此近年来关于过冷熔体非平衡组织(如非晶相、准晶相等)转变及其相变动力学的研究异常活跃,目的是控制相变过程和获得理想的组织状态。而其中的形核过程是这些研究的最根本点,因为它决定着最终的凝固组织组成。因此,如何控制形核过程无论对于形核理论研究还是对于工业生产都具有及其重要的意义。
为了研究和控制形核过程,德国科学家用“针触发”技术,通过机械触动方式诱发过冷熔体凝固。与熔体相接触的特定的触发针便成为诱导非自发形核的中心,以此来制取非平衡凝固组织。这无疑是一种颇具创造性的实验思想,但尚存一些不足之处,机械触发方法不可避免地伴随着机械和热的干扰作用,直接影响到过冷液相的形核过程和最终的凝固组织。
本发明的目的在于提供一种原子团簇触发过冷溶体凝固的方法,该方法可避免机械和热的干扰作用,向过冷金属及合金样品内直接引入与晶核具有相同尺寸量级的原子团簇以诱发并控制形核过程,获得所需凝固组织。
这种原子团簇触发过冷熔体凝固的方法(见图1),其要点是:在真空或充满保护气体的固化室(15)内,用悬浮装置(16)将纯净样品(18)悬浮起来;或在浅碟型坩埚底部放置一层合适的玻璃助熔剂以保证纯净样品(18)与坩埚分离,采用电阻加热、激光加热等方法将纯净样品熔化,然后冷却,当过冷到一定程度后,引入原子团簇触发过冷样品凝固,原子团簇可以采用离子束溅射、蒸发等方法产生。
本发明可用于:控制凝固组织,获得亚稳相;探索由原子团簇引起的均质形核与非均质形核过程,进行形核理论研究;与其他测试手段配合测定不同过冷度下熔体的热物性质。
附图及实施例:
图1原子团簇触发过冷液相凝固原理示意图
图2原子团簇触发凝固实验设备示意图
附图2是本发明公开的一个实施例:Ge73.7Ni26.3合金原子团簇触发凝固实验是在图2所示的设备上进行的,在图2中,1真空室、2离子枪、3靶、4炉子、5样品、6挡板、7Ar离子束、8原子团簇流、9炉壁、10加热元件、11入射孔、12助熔剂、13坩埚、14热电偶。它实际上是在多靶离子束溅射仪内安装了一个微型电阻加热炉(1)。由靶枪(2)产生并经加速了的Ar+离子束轰击靶材,产生与靶材相对应的原子团簇束(通过改变靶材的种类便可产生不同类型的原子团簇)。原子团簇经入射孔被导引到正处于过冷状态的合金液滴上,从而产生触发作用。为避免样品与叶腊石坩埚(13)直接接触,在样品(5)与坩埚(13)之间预先铺上一层B2O3(12),这样可消除器壁所引起的非自发形核。为了准确地控制温度和记录样品的凝固细节,在样品底部设置一付热电偶(14),其接点直接伸入到B203助熔剂(12)内紧靠样品(5)的下方,但与样品(5)不相接触。热电偶(14)与X-Y函数记录仪相联,以记录温度随时间的变化曲线。样品首先以大约40K/mim的速度被加热到1223K,保温25分钟后进行冷却,原子团簇是在冷却过程中被引入的。结果表明,过冷到一定程度(973和943K)并保温5分钟后的Ge73.7Ni26.3合金样品,经离子束溅射而产生的Ni或Si原子团簇的触发而发生了凝固。在连续冷却过程中,从1073K开始向过冷样品施以连续的原子团簇触发,Ni、Cu和Si原子团簇诱发凝固开始温度分别为975、987和1009K,配合原子团簇尺寸分析发现诱发初生相Ge的容易程度依次为Si、Ni和Cu,而未经原子团簇触发产生的凝固的起始温度为904K。图3为连续冷却过程中经Ni、Si原子团簇触发及未经任何触发的凝固组织特征。可见,未经触发的凝固组织均匀;而经Ni、Si原子团簇触发的凝固组织中存在明显的诱发凝固组织花样。

Claims (2)

1.一种原子团簇触发过冷熔体凝固的方法,其特征在于:在真空或充满保护气体的固化室(1)内,用悬浮装置(2)将纯净样品(4)悬浮起来;或在浅碟型坩埚底部放置一层合适的玻璃助熔剂以保证纯净样品与坩埚分离,采用电阻加热、激光加热等方法将纯净样品熔化,然后冷却,当过冷到一定程度后引入原子团簇触发过冷样品凝固。
2、一种原子团簇触发过冷熔体凝固的方法,其特征在于:引入的原子团簇可以采用离子束溅射、蒸发等方法产生。
CN98107568A 1998-04-17 1998-04-17 一种原子团簇触发过冷熔体凝固的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1073643C (zh)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102162799A (zh) * 2011-04-06 2011-08-24 上海大学 金属熔体的速冻方法
CN104089972A (zh) * 2014-07-18 2014-10-08 大连理工常州研究院有限公司 一种测定金属微滴快速凝固过冷度的方法及其装置
CN111519256A (zh) * 2020-04-15 2020-08-11 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 一种利用脉冲激光触发形核的方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2835792B2 (ja) * 1991-09-13 1998-12-14 三菱マテリアル株式会社 非晶質蓄冷材

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102162799A (zh) * 2011-04-06 2011-08-24 上海大学 金属熔体的速冻方法
CN102162799B (zh) * 2011-04-06 2012-08-08 上海大学 金属熔体的速冻方法
CN104089972A (zh) * 2014-07-18 2014-10-08 大连理工常州研究院有限公司 一种测定金属微滴快速凝固过冷度的方法及其装置
CN111519256A (zh) * 2020-04-15 2020-08-11 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 一种利用脉冲激光触发形核的方法

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