CN1229018A - Method for making speed changer gear - Google Patents
Method for making speed changer gear Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1229018A CN1229018A CN 98100699 CN98100699A CN1229018A CN 1229018 A CN1229018 A CN 1229018A CN 98100699 CN98100699 CN 98100699 CN 98100699 A CN98100699 A CN 98100699A CN 1229018 A CN1229018 A CN 1229018A
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- nitriding
- gear
- hardness
- speed changer
- forging
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- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Gears, Cams (AREA)
Abstract
A technology for manufacturing gears of speed variator includes such steps as hot forge to obtain blank, heating for recrystallization, cooling with controlling cooling speed to make its hardness reach HB165-210, turning, hobbing, induction heating of toothed part, quenching, tempering to make its hardness reach HRC30-48, machining and gas nitrizing. Its advantages are high productivity, high toughness and high strength that is higher than that of 20 CrMnTi steel.
Description
The invention belongs to the preparation method of gear, particularly a kind of automobile, tractor method for making speed changer gear.
Automobile, tractor transmission gear mainly adopt the low-carbon alloy steel carburizing quenching process to realize the reinforcement of gear at present, form typical gear manufacturing processes as shown in Figure 1 thus.The shortcoming of this technology is to carry out high temeperature chemistry heat treatment (more than 900 ℃) again and be implemented in quenching in the oil after the fine finishining of tooth portion, thereby distortion is bigger.In order to reduce distortion, although use quenching degree control steel grade (as 20CrMnTiH etc.) and through the special use quenching oil product of modification, heat treatment deformation is still bigger.As carry out heat back roll flute, cost is improved, and might reduce the bearing capacity of gear.
The nitriding gear is a kind of atomic little surface peening gear that is out of shape, and this is favourable for noise abatement.But this gear does not still have the intensity of steel alloy carburizing and quenching gear so far, and this class steel grade is difficult realizes high efficiency tooth punching processing, although therefore its heat treatment deformation amount is gratifying, is used for automobile, the tractor transmission gear is still infeasible.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method for making speed changer gear, overcome above-mentioned shortcoming and defect.Improve the gears engaged quality and reduce the top priority that noise has become the speed changer industry thereby reduce heat treatment deformation, it is very difficult further to reduce heat treatment deformation on the basis of the modern carburizing and quenching technology that becomes better and approaching perfection day by day.The objective of the invention is to give full play to the small advantage of nitriding gear shifting quadrant texturing, with gear hobbing, shaving is that tooth portion is thick, the fine finishining means, by adopting the new gear nitrided steel and implementing the level that novel heat treatment technics is brought up to the bearing capacity of nitriding gear carburizing and quenching gear.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
The invention solves following technical task for achieving the above object, determined that promptly Cr-Mn-Mo-V is a nitriding gear steel grade, provided the forging stock heat treatment method that guarantees cutting ability, the tooth portion Strengthening and Toughening heat treatment of little distortion and controllable gas nitriding system, provide manufacturing flow chart according to different requirements, see Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3 the strength of gear teeth and precision.
Fig. 2 is to 7 class precision gears: after the forging,,,,, quenches through tooth portion more again through shaving again through smart gear hobbing again through the processing of tooth base through giving first heat treatment, control cooling velocity, and again through gas nitriding, last gear honing.
Fig. 3 is to 6 class precision gears: through the processing of tooth base, modified through tooth portion more again after the forging again through smart gear hobbing through giving first heat treatment, control cooling velocity, and again through shaving, at last again through gas nitriding.
This is applicable to that the high strength nitriding gear manufacturing technology of automobile, tractor speed changer relates to each key link of Gear Processing, and its content is expressed as follows:
Raw material blanking after heat forging base thereafter with cold base or utilize the heating that is recrystallized of forging stock waste heat, makes it hardness by the control cooling velocity and meets Brinell hardness HB165～210 in cooling procedure subsequently.After this carry out the turning processing and the gear hobbing of tooth base, the gear after the tooth punching is carried out induction hardening, the tempering of tooth portion, its hardness is regulated in Rockwell hardness HRC30～48 scopes.Change machine shop over to, carry out shaving, carry out gas nitriding then.This gear had than the more excellent bearing capacity of 20CrMnTi steel carburizing and quenching gear and was out of shape atomic little this moment.
Advantage of the present invention is:
The present invention has realized the high efficiency machining of gear, and the Strengthening and Toughening by matrix is handled and is aided with the toughness nitriding, makes the intensity of nitriding gear surpass the level of 20CrMnTi steel carburizing and quenching, and its contact fatigue test the results are shown in following table:
Gear contact fatigue test result
| Sequence number | Contact stress (MPa) | The accumulative total cycle-index | Flank of tooth point touches situation | Remarks |
| 1 | ??1976 | ??5.24×10 | Pinion has a tooth one 1 * 2mm point to occur to touch the hole | Run off |
| 2 | ??2405 | ??1.56×10 | Flank of tooth light | Stop examination |
| 3 | ??2545 | ??2.6×10 | Pinion one tooth has-3 * 4 point corrosion pits, and bidentate has 1.5 * 1 point corrosion pits in addition | Stop examination |
Nitriding gear and carburizing and quenching gear (20CrMnTi steel) tooth root flexural fatigue curve is seen Fig. 6.
Fig. 1 is existing typical carburization process gear manufacturing processes block diagram
Fig. 2 is the manufacturing flow chart that the present invention wants the 7 class precision strengths of gear teeth
Fig. 3 is the manufacturing flow chart that the present invention wants the 6 class precision strengths of gear teeth
Fig. 4 is existing typical nitriding process general precision gear manufacturing processes block diagram
Fig. 5 is existing typical nitriding process degree of precision gear manufacturing processes block diagram
Fig. 6 is nitriding gear of the present invention and existing carburizing and quenching gear (20CrMnTi steel) tooth root flexural fatigue curve R-S-N curve map
A: be nitriding gear B of the present invention: existing carburizing and quenching gear
Details are as follows for the composition of relevant this invention:
(1) material
Traditional nitrided steel is treated as 38CrMoAlA for containing aluminum steel, this material nitriding rear surface hardness too high (HV1000～1200), and infiltration layer fragility is big, and machinability is undesirable.The material chemical composition that the present invention determines is: C:0.25～0.40%, Mn:0.6～1.5%, Cr:1.5～3.0%, Mo:0.15～0.60%, V:0.15～0.25%, O2≤30PPM.
(2) forge and give first heat treatment
This steel grade initial forging temperature is greater than 1050 ℃, and final forging temperature should be not less than 900 ℃.The heating (880～920 ℃) that must be recrystallized of blank after the forge hot is controlled cooling velocity (9 ℃/minute～36 ℃/minute) and is made it obtain Brinell hardness HB165～210 in cooling procedure subsequently.The hardness of blank is too high or too low all will to influence machinability.
(3) modifier treatment
The modified procedure arrangement of traditional nitriding gear is before cutting and be that the tooth base is carried out integral body is modified, sees Fig. 4, Fig. 5
Gear to the general precision requirement: by forging through modified (normalizing), again through gear hobbing, again through shaving, last nitriding.
The gear high:,,,, through half smart gear hobbing, handle through destressing again, more again through smart gear hobbing, again through shaving, again through nitriding, at last again through gear honing again through modified again through rough turn through normalizing or annealing by forging to required precision.
The for example heat treatment (China Machine Press, in November, 1994) of the heat treatment handbook second edition second volume chapter 1 gear.The present invention carries out tooth portion by the steel grade of selecting for use no quenching degree to require after gear hobbing modified, and quenching and tempering hardness can be regulated between He Shi hardness HRC30～48.The matrix of hard intensity forms combining of very having with nitriding layer in this.
(4) gas nitriding
At present in the nitridation technique of gear, to whether allowing the existence of nitride layer, white layer and the thickness of nitriding layer all has arguement.The present invention is by studies confirm that, during the thickness of nitride layer, white layer≤0.005mm bearing capacity there is not adverse effect, under the condition of case hardness≤HV900, the effective case depth of nitriding layer (i.e. the distance to HV513 from the surface) should be less than 0.15mm, and the gear after the nitriding need not carry out bead.
Pure ammonia nitriding is adopted in gas nitriding, also can adopt the nitriding of ammonia hydrogenation, nitriding temperature＜540 ℃.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of method for making speed changer gear is characterized in that: adopt chemical composition to be
C：0.25～0.40％，
Mn：0.6～1.5％，
Cr：1.5～3.0％，
Mo：0.15～0.60％，
V：0.15～0.25％，
O2≤30PPM, steel; Be about to this steel grade initial forging temperature greater than 1050 ℃ through forging and giving first heat treatment, final forging temperature just is not less than 900 ℃; The heating (880～920 ℃) that must be recrystallized of blank after the forge hot is controlled cooling velocity (9 ℃/minute～36 ℃/minute) and is made it obtain Brinell hardness HB165～210 in cooling procedure subsequently; Modifier treatment,,, through half smart gear hobbing, is handled through destressing, again through smart gear hobbing, again through shaving, again through nitriding, at last again through gear honing again through modified again through rough turn through normalizing or annealing more promptly by forging again; It is modified to carry out tooth portion by the steel grade of selecting for use no quenching degree to require after gear hobbing, and quenching and tempering hardness can be regulated between He Shi hardness HRC30～48; The nitriding of laggard promoting the circulation of qi body, under the condition of case hardness≤HV900, the effective case depth of nitriding layer (i.e. the distance to HV513 from the surface) should be less than 0.15mm.
2, method for making speed changer gear according to claim 1 is characterized in that: pure ammonia nitriding is adopted in gas nitriding, nitriding temperature＜540 ℃.
3, method for making speed changer gear according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: gas nitriding also can be adopted the nitriding of ammonia hydrogenation, nitriding temperature＜540 ℃.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN98100699A CN1094409C (en) | 1998-03-13 | 1998-03-13 | Method for making speed changer gear |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN98100699A CN1094409C (en) | 1998-03-13 | 1998-03-13 | Method for making speed changer gear |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1229018A true CN1229018A (en) | 1999-09-22 |
| CN1094409C CN1094409C (en) | 2002-11-20 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN98100699A Expired - Fee Related CN1094409C (en) | 1998-03-13 | 1998-03-13 | Method for making speed changer gear |
Country Status (1)
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| CN (1) | CN1094409C (en) |
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- 1998-03-13 CN CN98100699A patent/CN1094409C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1094409C (en) | 2002-11-20 |
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