CN1227872A - Process for preparing enzyme encoded by cephalosporin acetylthydrolase gene - Google Patents

Process for preparing enzyme encoded by cephalosporin acetylthydrolase gene Download PDF

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CN1227872A
CN1227872A CN98103932A CN98103932A CN1227872A CN 1227872 A CN1227872 A CN 1227872A CN 98103932 A CN98103932 A CN 98103932A CN 98103932 A CN98103932 A CN 98103932A CN 1227872 A CN1227872 A CN 1227872A
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cephalosporin
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cephalosporin acetylhydrolase
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光岛健二
泷本明生
八木滋雄
园山高康
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Shionogi and Co Ltd
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Abstract

A cephalosporin acetylhydrolase gene, a recombinant DNA molecule prepared by introducing said gene into a vector used in an E. coli host-vector system, E. coli cells transformed with said recombinant DNA molecule, a protein having the amino acid sequence encoded by said gene, an enzyme which is a multimer of said protein, and a process for preparing said protein or enzyme are provided, said cephalosporin acetylhydrolase being an enzyme useful for converting cephalosporins such as cephalosporin C and 7-ACA into deacetylated ones such as deacetylcephalosporin C and deacetyl 7-ACA which are useful as an intermediate for preparing a variety of derivatized cephalosporin antibiotics.

Description

Preparation method by the enzyme of cephalosporin acetylhydrolase genes encoding
The application is that Chinese patent application number is to be April 27 nineteen ninety-five 91103234.7 applyings date, and denomination of invention is divided an application for the Chinese patent application case of " by the proteinic preparation method of cephalosporin acetylhydrolase genes encoding ".
The present invention relates to the cephalosporin acetylhydrolase gene, said gene is introduced be applicable to recombinant DNA molecules prepared in the carrier of escherichia coli host-carrier system, with the Bacillus coli cells of said recombinant DNA molecules conversion, have by the protein of the aminoacid sequence of said genes encoding, contain aggressiveness more than the said protein, the preferably tetramer or polymeric enzyme, and the method for preparing said protein or enzyme.
Cephalosporins such as cephalosporin and 7-amino-cephalosporanic acid (calling 7-ACA in the following text) be so far by remove be connected to 3 on the methylol ethanoyl (calling deacetylated effect in the following text) and the deacetylated compound of deutero-; as deacetyl cephalosporin C with take off acetyl 7-ACA; these compounds can be used as parent material; with synthetic various cephalosporin antibiotics, comprise the cephalosporin antibiotics of on market, having sold.
As the plain deacetylated method of cephalo; chemistry and Enzymology method can be arranged; have more superiority with the latter in two kinds of methods, this is because this method can be finished under the temperature of about neutral pH and gentleness on the one hand, is because it reacts with less paying on the other hand.Several Enzymology methods No. 3,304,236, United States Patent (USP) (disclose 108,790/1984,132,294/1974 and 67, No. 489/1986 as Japanese Patent, and) are disclosed.
The inventor has found that an isolating strain Bacillus subtillis bacterial strain can produce cephalosporin acetylhydrolase from soil, and by to the deacetylated effect of cynnematin and produce deacetylcephalosporin effectively.This discovery makes the inventor produce such imagination, promptly makes up the microorganism that a strain can preferentially produce cephalosporin acetylhydrolase with the DNA recombinant technology, will be very favourable for industrial preparation deacetylcephalosporin.Up to the present, a kind of like this microorganism that can only produce cephalosporin acetylhydrolase was not in a large number also disclosed.
The inventor is through research in depth, successfully from recently by being separated to the dna fragmentation that carries the cephalosporin acetylhydrolase gene the isolating Bacillus subtillis in the soil, and it is cloned in the intestinal bacteria.They also find, with wherein having inserted the intestinal bacteria that said segmental plasmid DNA carrier transforms, have produced a large amount of cephalosporin acetylhydrolases.Finished the present invention based on above-mentioned discovery.
Therefore, the Bacillus coli cells that the invention provides the cephalosporin acetylhydrolase gene, contain the recombinant DNA molecules of said gene, transforms with said recombinant DNA molecules, have by the protein of the aminoacid sequence of said genes encoding, contain said proteinic polymer enzyme, and the method for preparing said protein or enzyme.
Can therefrom obtain the new isolated strains of cephalosporin acetylhydrolase gene according to the present invention, be that Bacillus subtillis SHS0133 is deposited in FermentationResearch Institute according to budapest treaty, Agency of Industrial Science andTechnology, 1-3, Higashi 1 Chome, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-Ken, 305, Japan, preservation registration number are the FERM BP-2755 (date: February 15 nineteen ninety).This bacterium is deposited in Chinese typical culture collection center (CCTCC) on April 26th, 1991, and preserving number is CCTCC No.M91037.
Fig. 1 shows the aminoacid sequence of cephalosporin acetylhydrolase.
Fig. 2 show the cephalosporin acetylhydrolase gene base sequence (down row) and by the aminoacid sequence (row of going up) that goes out of supposition.
Fig. 3 shows the aminoacid sequence (34 amino-acid residues) that the part of cephalosporin acetylhydrolase is determined.
Fig. 4 shows all hereditary four synthetic oligonucleotide probes going up the probable dna base that comprise by drawing the amino sequence deduction of rolling off the production line among Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 shows that the restriction map of recombinant plasmid pCAH01 reaches the wherein position of dna probe hybridization.
Fig. 6 shows the restriction map of recombinant plasmid pCAH03.
Fig. 7 shows the dna sequence dna and the flank region of clone's cephalosporin acetylhydrolase gene.
Fig. 8 shows the structure of miniaturization plasmid pCAH10, and this plasmid is equivalent to pCAH03, but has left out the downstream area of cephalosporin acetylhydrolase gene.
Fig. 9 shows the structure of the expression plasmid pCAH21 that is used for intestinal bacteria.
Figure 10 demonstration is used for expression plasmid pCAH211 of intestinal bacteria and the structure of pCAH212.
The feature of bacillus subtilis SHS0133
1. the G+C molar percentage (%) of chromosomal DNA: 43.4
2. morphological feature
This bacterial strain is that Gram-positive, size are 0.7-0.8 * 1.8-2.6 μ m, and peritricha is arranged. This bacterial strain is well-grown under aerobic conditions, and trains in the neutrality that contains glucose under oxygen free condition Foster base is then grown relatively poor. Form the spore of size 0.8 * 1.3-1.7 μ m at the core of cell Son.
3. cultural characteristic
(1) the nutrient agar plate is cultivated (cultivating 7 days for 30 ℃)
Bacterium colony forms: inoculate back 24 hours
Shape: irregular
Surface: the pleat folding is arranged
Edge: corrugated
Protuberance: convex
Color: milky white
Gloss: muddiness
Optical characteristics: opaque
(2) nutrient agar slant culture (cultivating 7 days for 30 ℃)
Growth: good
Shape: thread
Surface: pleat folding
Color: milky white
Gloss: muddiness
Optical characteristics: opaque
Denseness: cheese is auspicious
(3) gravy liquid culture (cultivating 7 days for 30 ℃)
Surface growth: form thick film
Muddy: slight
Smell: be with aromatising flavour slightly
Precipitation: as seen
Precipitation capacity: seldom
(4) (cultivating 30 days down for 24 ℃) cultivated in the broth gelatine puncture
Growth: evenly grow along the puncture line
Puncture line: thread
Liquefied form: 24 ℃ of time liquefaction in following the 7th day form the liquefaction layer (stratiform) of 0.5mm
(5) litmus milk is cultivated
Reindeer moss is reduced.Do not solidify and quick casein digestion.
4. biochemical characteristic
(1) nitrate reduction: the positive
(2) denitrogenation: the positive
(3) MR test: feminine gender
(4) VP test: the positive
(5) indoles generates: feminine gender
(6) H 2S generates: lead acetate paper: feminine gender
TSI: feminine gender
Krigler: feminine gender
(7) starch hydrolysis: the positive
(8) utilization of Citrate trianion: Koser: the positive
Christensen: the positive
(9) inorganic nitrogen-sourced utilization: nitrate: the positive
Ammonium: the positive
(10) pigment generates: form brown pigment
(11) urease test: the positive
(12) oxidase test: the positive
(13) catalase test: the positive
(14) pH: growth scope: 1.5-8.8
The suitableeest: 6.0-8.8
(15) temperature: growth scope: 16.5-50.5 ℃
The suitableeest: 26.0 ℃-36.0 ℃
(16) OF test: D-glucose: fermentation and acid is aerogenesis not
Lactose: fermentation and acid is aerogenesis not
(17) generate acid and gas by sugar:
ⅰ) L pectinose, D-xylulose, D-glucose, D-seminose, D-fruit
In sugar, maltose, sucrose, trehalose, D-N.F,USP MANNITOL, glycerine and the starch
Produce not aerogenesis of acid.
ⅱ) neither producing acid in D-semi-lactosi, lactose, D-sorbyl alcohol and inositol does not produce yet
Gas.
(18) nutritional requirement: do not have
(19) pectin degrading: the positive
(20) urobenzoic acid degraded: feminine gender
(21) Polylevulosan generates (by sucrose, raffinose): the positive
(22) arginine hydrolase: feminine gender
(23) lecithinase: feminine gender
(24) anaerobic condition growth down: growth in containing the neutral substratum of D-glucose
Difference.
According to The above results, based on Bergey ' s Manual of SystematicBacteriology, the Vol. II, 1986 is subtilis with this identification of strains, and names and be subtilis SHS0133.
The present invention includes the method for preparing cephalosporin acetylhydrolase, this method is to use the recombinant microorganism that is transformed by recombinant DNA molecules, said recombinant DNA molecules is the separated DNA base sequence with coding aminoacid sequence shown in Figure 1, and DNA base sequence preferably shown in Figure 2 is incorporated into and prepares in the carrier that is applicable to escherichia coli host one carrier system.This method can realize according to seven steps representing developing history of the present invention, but because the present invention has disclosed the DNA base sequence of coding cephalosporin acetylhydrolase, so available simple program is finished present method.
(1) in suitable substratum, cultivate subtilis (FERM BP-2755) and make it to produce cephalosporin acetylhydrolase, from substratum, separate the cephalosporin acetylhydrolase that produced and purifying it.With being suitable for that protein is cut into the segmental protease digestion enzyme of purifying, the peptide fragment of resulting separation is then by the aminoacid sequence of one of N-terminal detection of peptides fragment.
(2) infer and the corresponding possible DNA base sequence of determined partial amino-acid series, and, use with synthetic one group of the oligonucleotide of chemical process with base sequence of supposition 325 of this oligonucleotide of P mark ' end.With the probe of this oligonucleotide that is labeled as gene clone.
(3) from Bacillus subtillis (CCTCC No.M91037), extract and purified chromosomal dna, digest with various Restriction Enzymes, electrophoresis on sepharose, and isolated dna fragmentation transferred on the nitrocellulose filter.Use nitrocellulose filter and above-mentioned steps (2) to prepare 32The probe Southern hybridization of P mark is to select to have with probe the dna fragmentation of homology.From these dna fragmentations, select the required gene slightly big fragment of beguine according to the supposition of cephalosporin acetylhydrolase protein molecule.Downcut the relevant range containing on the sepharose of this dna fragmentation, and extract DNA.
(4) dna fragmentation that obtains in the above-mentioned steps (3) is inserted in the escherichia coli cloning carrier, and with resulting recombinant plasmid transformed in Bacillus coli cells.Transformant is inoculated on the nutrient agar forming bacterium colony, and with 32The probe of P mark carries out colony hybridization.Selection has the intestinal bacteria bacterium colony of homology and separates it with probe.
(5) by extracting recombinant plasmid dna in the Bacillus coli cells of selecting and making up restriction map.Remove then and zone that cephalosporin acetylhydrolase is irrelevant, measure the base sequence of the dna fragmentation of the coding cephalosporin acetylhydrolase that subtilis derives.To compare with partial amino-acid series, molecular weight, terminal amino group acid assay and the amino acid composition analysis result of cephalosporin acetylhydrolase according to the aminoacid sequence that the DNA base sequence of measuring is inferred then, and the structure gene of definite cephalosporin acetylhydrolase.
(6) dna fragmentation that contains the plain PAF-AH of cephalo is done suitably to modify, be incorporated into into then in the colibacillary expression vector, derive from after the colibacillary promotor, the recombinant plasmid that is used to express with structure so that structure gene is connected to.
(7) recombinant expression plasmid that will obtain is above introduced in the escherichia coli host, can produce the new coli strain of cephalosporin acetylhydrolase with preparation.
The method that is used for above-mentioned steps is well known by persons skilled in the art, and can finish it (as referring to " MolecularCloning " according to disclosed experimental arrangement in the standard textbook, T.Maniatis et al., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (1982)).Employed material all can obtain also can using it to specifications as enzyme and reagent from commercial channels.
Intestinal bacteria as the host can be the colibacillary strains of deriving, as HB101, DH1, C600, JM103, JM105 and JM109.As the escherichia coli vector that uses in clone's process, can use plasmid vector such as pUC13, pBR322 and pAT153 and phage vector as going into gt10.Above-mentioned host and carrier can obtain from commercial channels.
In the above-mentioned steps (1), the method for measuring the aminoacid sequence of protein is known (as using the automatic determined amino acid sequence instrument that can be buied by commercial sources).In the above-mentioned steps (2), can be according to the using method of producer's recommendation, the dna synthesizer synthetic oligonucleotide that use can be buied.In the above-mentioned steps (5), under the situation of using known M13 loading system, can carry out the DNA base sequence according to people's such as Sanger (Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA, 74,5463-5467 (1977)) method and measure.
In the above-mentioned steps (6), be used to instruct the plasmid of in intestinal bacteria, expressing required gene effectively for structure, the dna fragmentation that contains required cephalosporin acetylhydrolase structure gene can be inserted one and contain in the expression vector that suitable promotor of function (Lac, Tac, Trc, Trp, PL etc.) and Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence are arranged in the host (pKK223-3, pBS, pDR540, pPL-go into etc.), or insertion also contains in the ATG carrier (pKK233-2 etc.) of translation initiation codon ATG in addition.Expression plasmid is introduced the microorganism that can obtain to express effectively cephalosporin acetylhydrolase in the suitable host (as intestinal bacteria JM103, JM109, HB101 and C600).
Can be according to the purification process of routine, as making up the cephalosporin acetylhydrolase that purifying such as centrifuging, column chromatography are expressed.
The following example is intended to further lift row explanation rather than restriction the present invention.
Embodiment 1
1. the mensuration of the separation of cephalosporin acetylhydrolase and purifying and partial amino-acid series
(1) separation of cephalosporin acetylhydrolase and purifying
Will be by 2.5% glucose, 0.75% corn steep liquor, 1.0% aminoacid mixture, 0.3%KH 2PO 4With 0.8ppm MnSo 44H 2O, (pH7.0) substratum of Zu Chenging (20 liters) adds in the pot type fermentation container of 30 liters of volumes.After the sterilization, will contain 0.5% glucose, 0.75% corn steep liquor, 0.5% aminoacid mixture and 0.02%KH in advance 2PO 4(pH7.0) subtilis of cultivating in the substratum (FERM BP-2755) pours that to reach 6% kind thalline in the substratum long-pending into., in nutrient solution, add gac to 1%, and stirred 2 hours after 48 hours in insulation under 28 ℃.Promptly obtain thick enzyme solution after the filtration as filtrate.In thick enzyme solution, add DEAE SephadexA-50 (Pharmacia) to 0.7%, mixture is transferred to pH8.0 and stirred 1 hour with 2N NaOH.After the filtration, use the 50mM Tris-HCl damping fluid (pH8.0) (4 liters) that contains 0.1MNaCl to wash and adsorbed the active DEAE Sephadex of cephalosporin acetylhydrolase A-50 the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches, then with the same buffer solution elution active material that contains 0.4M NaCl.With ultra-filtration equipment (Tosoh) concentrate and desalination after, active material is adsorbed onto cross with same damping fluid balance in advance and is full of on the post of DEAE Sepharose Cl-6B (Pharmacia).Wash post with same damping fluid, wash post with the same buffer that contains 0.15M NaCl again, then with the same buffer wash-out active material that contains 0.2M NaCl.After ultrafiltration and concentration and desalination, carry out purifying with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (calling HPLC in the following text).With DEAE Toyopearlpak 650 M (Tosoh) dress post.Concentration gradient elution method wash-out active material with cumulative salt concn., begin for this reason, make NaCl concentration be increased to 0.5M gradually thereafter by the same buffer that contains 0.15MNaCl.Collection contains by the active part of wash-out, ultrafiltration and concentration, uses molecular sieve column with the HPLC purifying then.Make post and make moving phase with TSK-G3000 (Tosoh) with 0.2M phosphate buffered saline buffer (pH7.0).Collect eluted active part, ultrafiltration and concentration, use reversed-phase column then through the HPLC purifying.Use Microbondapak C 18(Waters) make post, and carry out wash-out with the concentration gradient elution method of cumulative acetonitrile concentration., begin for this reason, make acetonitrile concentration progressively rise to 98% (final concentration) with the aqueous solution system that contains 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid.Concentrated containing under 50 ℃ of reduced pressure by the part of the cephalosporin acetylhydrolase of wash-out, and residue is dissolved in the 0.5MTris-HCl damping fluid (pH8.0) that contains the 6M Guanidinium hydrochloride.Adding EDTA (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)) in solution is 2mM to concentration, adds the 2 mercapto ethanol with respect to 200 times of molar weights of cephalosporin acetylhydrolase again in solution, and reduces 4 hours in 37 ℃ under nitrogen environment.Then, in solution, add sodium iodoacetate, react 10 minutes to finish reductibility carboxymethylation work in 37 ℃ of lucifuges with respect to 190 times of molar weights of cephalosporin acetylhydrolase.And then carry out purifying with reversed-phase column through HPLC as stated above.Analyze the cephalosporin acetylhydrolase part of gained according to Laemmli (Neture, 227,680-685 (1970)) described SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).Only detect a single band on molecular weight is the position of 35KD, this shows that purifying reaches the homogeneous degree.In addition, based on the cephalosporin acetylhydrolase that is dissolved in the purifying in the 0.1MTris-HCl damping fluid (pH8.0) that contains 7M urea is done can make it reactivate after 10 times of dilutions with 0.1M phosphate buffered saline buffer (pH7.0), and use above-mentioned HPLC through molecular sieve column chromatography can molecular weight as the position of 280KD on the fact of this active material of wash-out, show eight aggressiveness that this cephalosporin acetylhydrolase that exists with natural form is made up of homology subunit.
On the other hand, people's (Arch.Biochem.Biophys., 126,155-164 (1968)) such as use Hedrick method predicts molecular weight and is about 150KD, and detects this activity on relevant position, and the prompting tetramer also is activated.
With Edman edman degradation Edman and hydrazine hydrolysis method the cephalosporin acetylhydrolase of purifying is done the amino-terminal end analysis, identifying its N-terminal is methionine(Met), and C-terminal is a glycine.
(2) partial amino-acid series of cephalosporin acetylhydrolase is measured
With the cephalosporin acetylhydrolase (1mg) of purifying be dissolved in contain 2M urea 0.1MTris-HCl damping fluid (pH8.8) (1.0ml) in, in solution, add lysyl endopeptidase (0.01mg) and make mixture in 37 ℃ of reactions 4 hours.Then with the HPLC separate reacted mixture.Use Microbondapak C 18(Waters) make post and also carry out wash-out with the concentration gradient wash-out of cumulative acetonitrile concentration., begin for this reason, and make acetonitrile concentration be increased to 98% final concentration with the aqueous solution system that contains 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid.Detect in the 214nm place.In isolating peak value, collection has the different piece of long residence time, reuse same reversed-phase column purifying, and use the automatic amino acid sequence analysis instrument of gas phase (Applied Biosystems) to analyze the aminoacid sequence of this peptide to determine 34 amino acid whose aminoacid sequences of N-terminal to the as shown in Figure 3 from this peptide fragment.
2. synthesized dna probe and mark 5 ' end
Drawn the aminoacid sequence that rolls off the production line among Fig. 3 that selection makes by above-mentioned steps 1, and the synthetic oligonucleotide pond that is equivalent to by the DNA base sequence of possibility in the heredity of this aminoacid sequence deductions.As shown in Figure 4, four groups of oligonucleotide of naming respectively to probe CAH-RM1, CAHRM2, CAH-RM3 and CAH-RM4 have been synthesized.The synthetic automatic dna synthesizer ZEON-GENETA-11 (Nihon Zeon) that is to use of oligonucleotide carries out.
Use the T4 polynucleotide kinase and [γ- 32P] ATP, according to 5 ' end of people's such as Wallace (NucleicAcids Res., 6,3543-3557 (1979)) method mark gained dna probe.
3. by extraction in the Bacillus subtillis and purified chromosomal dna and carry out Southern
Hybridization
Use earlier N,O-Diacetylmuramidase, handle Bacillus subtillis cell (CCTCC No.M91037) with the N-sodium lauroyl sareosine again, and according to people such as Harris-Warrick (Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA., 72,2207-2211 (1975)) method is extracted and purified chromosomal dna in by the gained lysate through CsCl-ethidium bromide equilibrium density gradient ultracentrifuge method.With various restriction enzymes (each about 10 unit) dna digestion (1 μ g) under proper condition, the separating obtained reactant of electrophoresis on 0.8% sepharose.After analyzing the electrophoretic patten of restriction fragment, (J.Mol.Biol., the method for 98.503-517 (1975) is done Southern hybridization to gel to press people such as Southern.Under the room temperature with this gel of 1.5M NaCl solution-treated 1 hour that contains 0.5N NaOH so that the DNA sex change, then during containing the 1MTris-HCl damping fluid (pH7.0) of 1.5M NaCl under the room temperature in 1 hour.A slice nitrocellulose filter is placed on the gel, so that DNA is by transferring on the film in the gel.The nitrocellulose filter of DNA has been shifted in use, hybridizes with the probe of mark.Use SSC (1X SSC:0.15M NaCl, the 0.015M Trisodium Citrate of 4 times of concentration, pH7.0), the Denhardt ' s solution of 10 times of concentration (1X Denhardt ' s solution: 0.02%Ficoll, 0.02% polyvinylpyrrolidone, 0.02% bovine serum albumin) and about 1 * 10 6The hybridization under 38 ℃ of the probe of cpm/ml mark is spent the night.SSC with 4 times of concentration under the room temperature washes film several times, carries out radioautograph then.In addition, progressively rising is washed the temperature of film and repeat radioautograph at every turn after being washed film.Although find higher wash film temperature as 48 ℃ and 53 ℃ under, still have several bands to demonstrate positive signal, and the size of the hybrid belt used restriction enzyme of foundation and differing from one another.In the dna fragmentation of positive signals, the fragment with the digestion of 4-4.5Kb Hind III of 2.5-3Kb Dral digestion is more suitable for carrying out gene clone, because they are bigger than the gene of expection.
4. clone the cephalosporin acetylhydrolase gene
(1) makes up gene pool
In Bacillus subtillis chromosomal DNA, add restriction enzyme Dra I (about 120 units) and be incubated 90 minutes in 37 ℃ by above-mentioned steps 3 extractions and purifying.Use isopyknic phenol extraction reactant then, and in the gained water, add ethanol with deposit D NA.Gained DNA is dissolved in TE damping fluid (10mM Tris-HCl, 1mM EDTA, pH8.0) (60 μ l), the separating obtained solution of electrophoresis on sepharose, and downcut the gel area be equivalent to the 2-4Kb size.Use can (Bio 101, GENECLEAN) by wash-out in the gel and reclaim dna fragmentation, are dissolved in then in the YE damping fluid (30 μ l) by the test kit of buying on the market.
On the other hand, use pUC13 as the carrier that makes up gene pool.PUC13 (10 μ g) is mixed with restriction enzyme Sma I (about 100 units),, handled 10 minutes down in 65 ℃ then in 37 ℃ of insulations 140 minutes.In this mixture, add alkaline phosphatase (BAP) (about 20 units) and continue reaction 80 minutes down in 65 ℃.Also use ethanol sedimentation DNA with phenol extraction as stated above, at last DNA is dissolved in the TE damping fluid (50 μ l).
The solution (7.5 μ l) that will contain the Bacillus subtillis chromosomal dna fragment of Dra I digestion merges with the segmental solution of carrier pUC13 (2.5 μ l) that contains Sma I-BAP processing, and with mixture and T4DNA ligase enzyme in 6 ℃ of insulations 20 hours down, to connect each fragment, obtain recombinant DNA.According to people's such as Hanahan (J.Mol.Biol., 166,557-580 (1983)) method gained recombinant DNA transformed into escherichia coli HB101 bacterial strain.On the nitrocellulose filter that places on L-gravy [1%bacto-Tryptones, 0.5% yeast extract, 0.5%NaCl (the pH7.3)] nutrient agar that contains 40 μ g/ml ammonia benzylpenicillins, form bacterium colony then.With the gene pool of these bacterium colonies as Bacillus subtillis.
(2) select the cephalosporin acetylhydrolase positive colony through colony hybridization
To copy on another sheet nitrocellulose filter at the bacterium colony that forms on the nitrocellulose filter in the above-mentioned steps (1).This duplicating film placed on the L-nutrient agar substratum that contains 40 μ g/ml benzylpenicillins and in 37 ℃ of insulations 3 hours.Then, film is transferred on the L-nutrient agar substratum that contains 250 μ g/ml paraxin and in 37 ℃ of incubated overnight.Basically (Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA., the method for 72.3961-3965 (1975) is carried out colony hybridization according to people such as Grunstein then.For this reason, handle this film (10-15 minute) to dissolve bacterium colony and to make the DNA sex change with 0.5N NaOH.Then, will also continue to handle 10-15 minute with 5-10 minute in the film with 1M Tris-HCl damping fluid (pH7.2) with the 1M Tris-HCl damping fluid (pH8.0) that contains 1.5M NaCl.Film was toasted 2 hours so that DNA is fixed on the film for following 80 ℃ in decompression, make the probe CAH-RM2 hybridization of fixed DNA and mark afterwards.This reacts under 38 ℃ the Denhardt solution and about 2 * 10 in the SSC that contains 4 times of concentration, 10 times of concentration 6Carried out in the solution of the probe of cpm/ml mark 16 hours.Under room temperature, the SSC of this film with 4 times of concentration washed 3-4 time then, again in 38 ℃ of following Xian 2 minutes and carry out radioautograph (conditions of exposure :-80 ℃, 3 hours).In order to detect the dependency of the intensity of signal on wash temperature and the radioautograph collection of illustrative plates, the wash temperature that raises gradually and record radioautograph result under differing temps.Under 43 ℃, 48 ℃ and 53 ℃, respectively washed 2 minutes respectively.
Found that, 30, even have 3 under high wash temperature, still to show positive signal in 000 bacterium colony.With these bacterium colonies 37 ℃ of incubated overnight and prepare recombinant plasmid in containing L-gravy (5ml) nutrient solution of 40 μ g/ml penbritins according to people's such as Birnboim (Nucleic AcidsRes., 7,1513-1523 (1979)) method.Be used in restriction enzyme such as EcoR I, Hind III and Pvu II that its cleavage site is arranged on the carrier DNA (pUC13) and cut these plasmids.Each fragment that electrophoretic separation is cut on agar gel then, and carry out Southern hybridization with the probe of mark.Found that in these three recombinant plasmids two are contained the fragment with the restriction enzyme digestion of the clear hybridization of dna probe.Two segmental varying in size of positive plasmid intermolecular hybrid, therefore the dna fragmentation that is inserted in the carrier DNA also differs from one another.Can distinguish these two recombinant plasmids in view of the above and name respectively and be pCAH01 and pCAH02.
5. identify positive colony and detect base sequence
(1) identifies positive colony
Attempting with various restriction enzyme cracking, in the process with the restriction map of preparation recombinant plasmid pCAH01 and pCAH02, find that plasmid pCAH01 has the fragment of two different Dra I digestion, and plasmid pCAH02 has the fragment of the different Dra I digestion in three Sma I sites that have been inserted into carrier DNA at least, and a hybridization in dna probe and three the Dra I fragments.Therefore, recombinant plasmid pCAH01 is used for next step.The restriction map of plasmid pCAH01 and the position of dna probe hybridization have been shown among Fig. 5.
Because plasmid pCAH01 contains two external source Dra I fragments (1.8Kb and 2.5Kb) that are derived from the Bacillus subtillis chromosomal DNA, and has only 2.5Kb fragment and dna probe hybridization, therefore by deletion 1.8Kb Dra I fragment in the plasmid.Contain the segmental Dra I of 2.5Kb-Pst I fragment (2.6Kb) by removing among the plasmid pCAH01, and be inserted on Sma I-Pst I site of vector plasmid pUC13, to obtain the recombinant plasmid pCAH03 (5.3Kb) of a miniaturization.The restriction enzyme digestion of recombinant plasmid pCAH03 is illustrated among Fig. 6.
(3) measure base sequence
By the 0.24Kb Eco R I-Hind III fragment of removing among the recombinant plasmid pCAH03 with dna probe hybridization, and measure its base sequence according to people's such as Sanger (Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA., 74,5463-5467 (1979)) method.Found that have in this Eco R I-Hind III fragment with above-mentioned steps 1 in obtain the corresponding base sequence of partial amino-acid series of cephalosporin acetylhydrolase, this shows that this fragment contains the part of cephalosporin acetylhydrolase gene.Further measure between Dra I and Hind III site the base sequence of (1.45Kb) between (0.38Kb) and EcoR I and EcoR I site based on the restriction map of plasmid pCAH03, and disclose as shown in Figure 7 the Dra I and Eco R I site between the base sequence of about 2Kb.This point has proved and has existed coding to contain the proteinic base sequence of 318 amino-acid residues, and contained the methionine(Met) by translation initiation codon ATG coding in the said amino sequence.In addition, being made up of all at molecular weight, N-terminal and C-terminal amino acid and through the segmental amino acid of lysyl endopeptidase enzymic digestion the putative protein matter of above-mentioned base sequence coding has good consistence with cephalosporin acetylhydrolase, so can believe that this protein must be cephalosporin acetylhydrolase.The structure gene that has proved cephalosporin acetylhydrolase in view of the above is completely contained in the Bacillus subtillis deutero-dna fragmentation on the plasmid pCAH03.
6. construction expression plasmid
The dna fragmentation that derives from Bacillus subtillis on the plasmid pCAH03 that has cloned contains the zone beyond the cephalosporin acetylhydrolase, therefore is considered to and the irrelevant zone of the expression of gene according to the deletion of the method shown in Fig. 8.
In order to drive in intestinal bacteria high expression level allogenic gene effectively, generally be make up one wherein the desired structure gene directly be connected the expression plasmid of the sequence back of forming by the promotor with high expression level efficient, SD sequence and translation initiation codon ATG.Therefore, in order in intestinal bacteria, to produce a large amount of cephalosporin acetylhydrolases, can use the carrier that contains promotor, SD sequence and ATG to come the construction expression plasmid according to illustrated method among Fig. 9.In the building process, can prepare cephalosporin acetylhydrolase structure gene as follows.The regional cloning that will contain whole required gene is in the carrier of M13mp series, to obtain a single-stranded dna.According to so-called primer extended method, the oligonucleotide of the several amino acid on the N-terminal sequence of use prescribed coding cephalosporin acetylhydrolase except that methionine(Met) obtains one and wherein has only cephalosporin acetylhydrolase structure gene partly to be double-stranded dna fragmentation as primer.
Figure 10 shows the method that makes up modified expression plasmid, and said plasmid is compared with the expression plasmid for preparing by method shown in Figure 9, and performance has improved copy number, and carries tsiklomitsin (Tc r) resistance sign rather than penbritin (Ap r) the resistance sign.
Below each step is done to describe in more detail.
(1) makes up the miniaturization plasmid
In order to shorten the catchment of cephalosporin acetylhydrolase structure gene (being abbreviated as CAH among Fig. 8), with EcoRV and BamH I cutting plasmid pCAH03, the resulting about 4.1KbDNA fragment of purifying uses archaeal dna polymerase Klenow fragment to fill the 3 ' cripetura that is produced because of the digestion of BamH I terminal (Fig. 8) then.After being further purified, connect, contain the miniaturization plasmid pCAH10 of cephalosporin acetylhydrolase gene with structure with the T4DNA ligase enzyme.
(2) preparation is used for the single-stranded dna of construction expression plasmid.
With the miniaturization plasmid pCAH10 that makes in Sac I and the Sal I cutting above-mentioned steps (1), the resulting about 1.5Kb fragment of purifying also reclaims it as Sac I-Sal I fragment.On the other hand, cut bifilar phage M13mp11DNA with Sac I and Sal I.Then above-mentioned Saci-Sal I fragment is added among the latter, connects, contain the bifilar phage M13-CAH DNA of complete cephalosporin acetylhydrolase gene with structure with the T4DNA ligase enzyme.Continue it, the method for pressing Messing (Methods in Enzymology, 101,20-78 (1983)) prepares its single-stranded dna.
(3) primer extension
Basically according to people such as Goeddel (Nucleic Acids Res., 8, the method of 4057-4074 (1980), remove and be positioned at cephalosporin acetylhydrolase initiation site (ATG) the protein non-coding region upstream, that derive from Bacillus subtillis, to prepare a zone of containing cephalosporin acetylhydrolase structure gene.Synthetic oligonucleotide with the base sequence that is equivalent to 7 amino prolines of second amino acid L-glutamic acid to the of cephalosporin acetylhydrolase N-terminal, with it as the primer that is used for primer extension and to name be CAH-P1.Then primer CAH-P1 (3pmole) is added in the single-stranded dna of the phage M13-CAH of preparation in the above-mentioned steps (2),, is placed to room temperature then this mixture heating up to 60 ℃ maintenance 20 minutes.That continues adds dATP, dCTP, dGTP and dTTP (each 0.25mM) and archaeal dna polymerase Klenow fragment (2 unit) in mixture, and is containing 7mM Tris-HCl damping fluid (pH7.5), 7mM MgCl 2, 0.1mM EDTA and 20mM NaCl reaction mixture (20 μ l) in, in 37 ℃ primer extension was carried out 2 hours.Carry out phenol extraction and ethanol sedimentation after the reaction.DNA is dissolved in a small amount in the distilled water, to wherein adding S1 nuclease (4 unit), and is containing 30mM sodium acetate (pH4.6), 100mM NaCl and 1mM ZnSO 4Reaction mixture (40 μ l) in 37 ℃ the insulation 30 minutes, to digest remaining single-stranded dna.Carry out phenol extraction to containing the segmental solution of gained distrand DNA, use ethanol sedimentation then, and handle this DNA with archaeal dna polymerase Klenow fragment according to the method described above, repair reaction to carry out end.
(4) construction expression plasmid
Present embodiment is used for the carrier pKK233-2 of construction expression plasmid, and (amicillin resistance is (available from Pharmacia company.This carrier is the member of ATG carrier, and it contains the Trc promotor and can directly be cut after initiator codon ATG behind the digestion of restriction enzyme Nco I and filling 3 ' short end.As shown in Figure 9, with the dna fragmentation that contains cephalosporin acetylhydrolase structure gene that makes in the Pst I cutting above-mentioned steps (3), and separation and purifying 1.27Kb dna fragmentation.On the other hand, contain the pKK233-2 of Trc promotor and use archaeal dna polymerase Klenow fragment to handle with the cutting of Nco I.With Pst I cutting gained fragment, obtain the dna fragmentation of about 4.6Kb then.Mix above-mentioned two fragments and connect it,, and be chosen in the bacterium colony that forms on the L-nutrient agar substratum that contains 40 μ g/ml penbritins with gained mixture transformed into escherichia coli JM103 bacterial strain with the T4DNA ligase enzyme.With these bacterium colonies overnight incubation in L-gravy nutrient solution, collecting cell extracts plasmid DNA from cell, and measures near the ATG carrier base sequence with the segmental joint that contains the cephalosporin acetylhydrolase gene.The result obtains a structure gene that does not wherein comprise the cephalosporin acetylhydrolase of N-terminal methionine(Met) and has been right after the expression plasmid that the ATG codon is inserted into later, and names and be pCAH21.And the intestinal bacteria that will carry this expression plasmid are named and are intestinal bacteria JM103/pCAH21.
The dubbing system of expression plasmid pCAH21 derives from pBR322.Therefore, for the copy number that increases this plasmid to improve the expression level in intestinal bacteria, (ori) changes the respective regions that derives from pAT153 into its replication region.To resist the medicine sign by amicillin resistance (A simultaneously pR) change tetracyclin resistance Tc into r).Diagram has shown the process of modifying this plasmid among Figure 10.At first handle with BamH I cutting plasmid pCAH21 and with archaeal dna polymerase Klenow fragment.With Sco I cutting gained fragment, obtain containing the T of Trc promotor, cephalosporin acetylhydrolase gene and 5S ribosome-RNA(rRNA) then 1T 2Terminator (5SrrnBT 1T 2) about 2.4Kb dna fragmentation.With the plasmid pAT153 that is commercially available as vector plasmid.With EcoR I cutting plasmid pAT153, et archaeal dna polymerase Klenow fragment is handled, and then cut it with the Dra I, moreover, in order to prevent self connecting of carrier, available alkaline phosphatase treatment, and preparation contains the replication region that comes from pAT153 and about 2.5Kb dna fragmentation of tetracycline resistance gene, mix above-mentioned two dna fragmentations then and connect it with the T4DNA ligase enzyme, with gained mixture transformed into escherichia coli JM103 bacterial strain, and be chosen in the bacterium colony that forms on the L-nutrient agar substratum that contains 20 μ g/ml tsiklomitsins.These bacterium colonies collecting cell after the overnight incubation in L-gravy is by extracting plasmid DNA in the cell and analyzing it through the restriction enzyme cracking process.The result obtains two kinds of different recombinant plasmids of closure.The direction plasmid identical with the tetracycline resistance gene direction with the direction of tsiklomitsin PAF-AH gene of cephalosporin acetylhydrolase gene wherein named be pCAH211, and with another wherein the opposite plasmid of direction of insertion of two genes name and be pCAH212.In addition, the coli strain that carries these recombinant expression plasmids is named respectively be intestinal bacteria JM103/pCAH211 and intestinal bacteria JM103/pCAH212.
7. at expression in escherichia coli cephalosporin acetylhydrolase gene
(1) expresses the cephalosporin acetylhydrolase gene
Intestinal bacteria JM103/pCAH211 or intestinal bacteria JM103/pCAH212 are seeded on the L-gravy nutrient solution (50ml) (in the flask of 0.5L volume) of 2 times of concentration that contain 20 μ g/ml tsiklomitsins, and, get equal portions nutrient solution (0.5ml) centrifugal collecting cell in 37 ℃ of shaking culture 24 hours.With cell suspension in 0.1M phosphate buffered saline buffer (pH7.0) (0.5ml) in and with the ultrasonic generator fragmentation.The supernatant liquor that centrifugal this solution obtains is used as the sample solution that contains required enzyme.On the other hand, with the nutrient solution gained supernatant liquor of the Bacillus subtillis (CCTCCNo.M91037) that makes in the centrifugal above-mentioned steps 1 as comparing required enzyme solution.Cephalosporin acetylhydrolase not only acts on cephalosporin and 7-ACA, but also can act on acetic acid contraposition nitrophenol (calling pNPA in the following text), to generate coloring matter to nitre phenol (calling pNP in the following text).Available spectrophotometry detects pNP, thereby can to adopt with pNPA be that the method for substrate is as detecting the active simple method of cephalosporin acetylhydrolase.React under 30 ℃ and in containing the mixture (3ml) of 0.02%pNPA, 0.1M phosphate buffered saline buffer (pH6.8) and above-mentioned enzyme solution, carry out, and detect the 400nM light absorption ratio to determine enzymic activity with spectrophotometer.Under pH6.8,30 ℃ of temperature condition, per minute produces the required enzyme amount of 1 μ M pNP and is defined as 1 unit (U).Found that the enzymic activity of the nutrient solution of every part of intestinal bacteria JM103/pCAH211 and intestinal bacteria JM103/pCAH212 is respectively 9.9U/ml and 12.4U/ml.And the enzymic activity of Bacillus subtillis is 0.36U/ml.
In addition, made up one and wherein replaced the Trc promotor of expression plasmid pCAH211 and the plasmid of SD-ATG sequence with Trp promotor and the SD-ATG sequence that is derived from the intestinal bacteria tryptophan operon.After transformation is inserted this plasmid in the e. coli jm109, cultivate resulting transformant by last similarity method, the enzymic activity that records every part of nutrient solution is 75.5U/ml.
Use large scale culturing device such as fermentor tank, under suitable culture condition, wherein cultivate the intestinal bacteria of carrying these expression plasmids, the output of cephalosporin acetylhydrolase is increased in suitable cultivation.
(2) the deacetylated effect of cephalosporin and 7-ACA
As substrate, the enzyme solution that produces with intestinal bacteria JM103/pCAH212 makes it deacetylated with cephalosporin or 7-ACA.After the 0.1M phosphate buffered saline buffer (pH7.0) that contains the 10mM substrate adds enzyme solution (0.2ml) in (0.1ml), make to react on and carried out under 37 ℃ 40 minutes, and add (1.2ml) termination reaction of 0.2M acetate buffer (pH4.0).Gained solution detects deacetyl cephalosporin C or takes off acetyl-7-ACA by behind the HPLC post.Use Cosmosil5C 8(Nacalaitesque) make post also with the concentration gradient elution method wash-out that increases methanol concentration gradually.For this reason, use contains 20mM NaH 2PO 4With 5mM 4-n-butyl ammonium hydroxide (TBAH), methanol concentration is increased to 20% solution.Detect deacetylated product at the 254mM place.The activity of cephalosporin acetylhydrolase is defined as follows: under 37 ℃ and pH7.0 condition, per minute produces the needed enzyme amount of 1 micromole's product and is defined as 1 unit (U).Found that for cephalosporin and 7-ACA, the nutrient solution enzymic activity of the enzyme solution of every part of intestinal bacteria JM103/pCAH212 is 7.4U/ml.
(3) structure of reorganization cephalosporin acetylhydrolase
Cephalosporin acetylhydrolase activity form and the subunit molecular that is produced in the intestinal bacteria after testing, obtain with above-mentioned steps 1 in identical result, show that the reorganization cephalosporin acetylhydrolase also exists with the eight aggressiveness forms similar to natural form.
In addition should the reorganization cephalosporin acetylhydrolase with the HPLC purifying with reversed-phase column.Carry out terminal analysis with Edman degraded and hydrazine hydrolysis method, the amino and the C-terminal that disclose this enzyme are respectively methionine(Met) and glycine, and this end amino acid with its natural form is identical.Detect aminoacid sequence with automatic amino acid sequence analysis instrument in addition, show up to the 25th amino acid whose aminoacid sequence with identical according to structure gene deduction person (Fig. 2).
As described in detail among the top embodiment, the inventor further confirms, through the gene of clone by the coding cephalosporin acetylhydrolase of Bacillus subtillis generation, and use the recombinant plasmid that can contain this gene at the vector construction of e. coli expression, can more effectively produce cephalosporin acetylhydrolase.This just for this enzyme widespread use precondition is provided.In addition, the dna fragmentation that contains the cephalosporin acetylhydrolase gene of cloning provides a very strong instrument for the function of more advantageously utilizing cephalosporin acetylhydrolase.

Claims (1)

1. method for preparing the enzyme of forming by the proteinic polymer that contains the aminoacid sequence described in Fig. 1 of the application, the method is characterized in that in a kind of substratum and to cultivate the Bacillus coli cells that transforms with recombinant DNA molecules and from nutrient solution, to reclaim said enzyme that wherein said recombinant DNA molecules is to introduce the recombinant DNA molecules that a kind of carrier of being used for escherichia coli host-carrier system is prepared into by the DNA base sequence that will be coded in the aminoacid sequence of describing among this Fig. 1.
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